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1
Miller, Joshua. Psychosocial capacity building in response to disasters. Columbia University Press, 2012.
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2
As-Sadig, Salah Omer. The domed tombs of eastern Sudan: Their functional, cultural and psychological values. The Author?, 1996.
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3
Comerlato, Denise Maria. Os trajetos do imaginário e a alfabetização de adultos. EDUCAT, 1998.
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Whelan, Christopher T. The impact of senseof control and social support on psychological distress: A test of the hypothesis of functional substitution. Economic and Social Research Institute, 1991.
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Barkley, Russell A. Barkley functional impairment scale--children and adolescents (BFIS-CA). Guilford Press, 2012.
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Quicke, John. Inclusion and psychological intervention in schools: A critical autoethnography. Springer Verlag, 2008.
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Martin, Jeffrey J. Physical Activity Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0036.
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In addition to theory testing, researchers have also examined if exercise interventions serve to enhance psychological constructs such as self-esteem and behavior such as functional fitness, activities of daily living (ADL), and physical activity. The purpose of this chapter is to review the physical activity (PA) intervention research and offer criticisms and future research directions. Laboratory PA interventions have been effective at increasing physical capacity, muscular strength, walking ability, and reducing body weight, stress, depression, and pain. However, laboratory research has been criticized for lacking ecological validity, thus researchers have also investigated whether lifestyle-type community or field-based interventions are effective. Researchers have shown that increasing social support for PA is effective for adults, and water-based activities help children with cerebral palsy increase their functional fitness. Nontraditional approaches such as yoga, massage, relaxation, and mindfulness training might be considered potential antecedents of reduced negative affect, increased positive affect, and enhanced functional fitness.
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Steinbrecher, Henrik. Neuropathic bladder and anorectal anomalies. Edited by David F. M. Thomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0118.
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Neuropathic bladder and bowel are serious disabilities with a major impact on the lives of affected children and their families. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach to management is essential. Paediatric urology nurse specialists play an important role in training and supporting young patients and their families. The aims of urological management can be summarized as: protecting upper tract function; providing adequate urine storage capacity at safe pressure; and ensuring adequate emptying. As well as preserving renal function, these treatment goals are intended to provide a socially acceptable degree of urinary continence. Young neuropathic bladder patients are likely to require ongoing educational, psychological, and social support throughout childhood and adolescence into adult life.
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(US), National Research Council. Measuring Functional Capacity and Work Requirements: Summary of a Workshop (Compass Series). National Academies Press, 2000.
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10
Miller, Joshua. Psychosocial Capacity Building in Response to Disasters. Columbia University Press, 2012.
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11
Brown, Kirk Warren, and Mark R. Leary, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Hypo-egoic Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.001.0001.
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Human beings have an evolved capacity for self-awareness, along with a propensity to focus primarily on their own welfare. This pervasive self-focus is reflected in thoughts, emotions, and actions whose underlying theme is the pursuit of self-interest. Although a focus on oneself has clear adaptive functions—such as physical preservation, decision making, planning, and self-regulation—this pervasive egoic mindset has psychological, interpersonal, and societal costs. In an increasingly crowded and interdependent world, there is a pressing need for the investigation of alternatives to a “me and mine first” mindset. For centuries, many philosophers, scientists, spiritual leaders, and social activists have advocated a “hypo-egoic” way of being, a psychological mindset characterized by less self-preoccupation in favor of a more inclusive, “we first” mode of functioning. In recent years, investigation of a variety of topics under the umbrella of hypo-egoicism has emerged in psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and philosophy as researchers have investigated both the features of hypo-egoic states and the psychological experiences that arise when self-focused processing is reduced, such as flow, equanimity, mindfulness, compassion, and mystical states. Bringing together current scholarship and science from multiple fields, theOxford Handbook of Hypo-egoic Phenomenaprovides an authoritative overview of theory, research, and applications concerning psychological states that involve diminished self-preoccupation and self-interest. TheHandbookalso reveals the widespread implications of such hypo-egoic functioning for personal well-being, optimal behavior regulation, interpersonal relationships, and prosocial and virtuous behavior.
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The relationship of psychological stress with functional capacity, body weight, and stress management attendance and practice in cardiac rehabilitation program participants. 1991.
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The relationship of psychological stress with functional capacity, body weight, and stress management attendance and practice in cardiac rehabilitation program participants. 1991.
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14
The relationship of psychological stress with functional capacity, body weight, and stress management attendance and practice in cardiac rehabilitation program participants. 1989.
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The relationship of psychological stress with functional capacity, body weight, and stress management attendance and practice in cardiac rehabilitation program participants. 1991.
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Jost, John T., Christopher M. Federico, and Jamie L. Napier. Political Ideologies and their Social Psychological Functions. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0024.
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Ideology has re-emerged as a vital topic of investigation in social psychology. This chapter proposes that political ideologies possess both a discursive (socially constructed) superstructure and a functional (or motivational) substructure and that ideologies serve social psychological functions that may not be entirely rational but help to explain why individuals are drawn to them. System justification, it argues, is the ‘glue’ that holds the two dimensions of left–right ideology (advocacy vs. resistance to change and rejection vs. acceptance of inequality) together. To vindicate and uphold traditional institutions and arrangements, the right defends existing inequalities as just and necessary. To bring about a more equal state of affairs, the left is motivated to challenge existing institutions and practices (the status quo).
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Extending the preventive engineering paradigm to the analysis and design of discrete product manufacturing systems: The role of functional integration in the production of social and psychological outputs. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.
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Copeland-Linder, Nikeea, Edore Onigu-Otite, Jennifer Serico, Mariflor Jamora, and Harolyn M. E. Belcher. Neurobiology of Child Maltreatment and Psychological Trauma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0181.
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Trauma is defined as exposure to an event or situation that overwhelms one’s capacity to cope, and threatens or causes harm to mental and physical well-being. This may include direct exposure, witnessing events, or learning about distressing experiences that happened to a loved one. Trauma can have deleterious consequences for children including increased risk for psychopathology, physical health problems, and impairment in several domains of functioning including emotion regulation, academic abilities, and social relationships. Examples of acute or short-lived traumatic experiences include natural disasters, sudden death of a loved one, a terrorist attack, or a number of other one-time occurring distressing events. Children also may experience trauma that is chronic in nature, such as witnessing frequent community violence or exposure to daily war-related violence.
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Martin, Daniel, and Yotam Heineberg. Social Dominance and Leadership. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.35.
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Leadership is usually a mandatory component of business education. Here we used the model of transformational leadership, and operationalized leadership consistently with the Values in Action Leadership scale. Social dominance orientation is a hierarchical belief-system that attributes social rank, ranging from high to low. Business students have been found to have higher levels of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO. Accordingly, 371 working business students were sampled to establish the relationship between SDO and transformational leadership capacity. The mediational impact of compassion was assessed. This study found high levels of competitive and hierarchical world conceptualization was significantly and sometimes strongly negatively linked to these constructs (Martin et al., 2014). We also discuss preliminary results of an interpersonal compassion-based intervention. The research suggests the opportunity to broaden psychological well-being of employees with impactful interventions, since negative behaviors within an institution can raise healthcare costs and lower job performance.
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Koch, Susan, and Sally Garratt. Assessing Older People: A Practical Guide for Health Professionals. Health Professions Press, 2000.
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MN, Koch Susan, and Garratt Sally, eds. Assessing older people: A practical guide for health professionals. Maclennan + Petty, 2001.
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22
Price, Marilyn. Disability Evaluations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199387106.003.0013.
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Mental health professionals frequently participate in the disability application process. Standards and requirements for a finding of disability may vary considerably from one context to another. A disability carrier may request that a mental health professional perform an independent medical examination. This chapter discusses the concepts of work capacity, functional impairment, and disability as they apply to disability evaluations performed for the most common types of disability insurers (Social Security, workers’ compensation, and private insurers), as well as work-related evaluations involving the Americans with Disabilities Act, fitness for duty and return to work, and disability in the context of litigation. Ethical issues in performing disability evaluations are addressed, including differences in the roles of the treating clinician and the independent forensic evaluator and management of situations where the evaluator’s opinion differs from that of the claimant and the claimant’s attorney.
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Pollack, Detlef, and Gergely Rosta. Patterns and Determinants of Religious Change in the Modern Period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801665.003.0020.
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Chapter 14 does not design a general theory of religious change, but develops a multiple theoretical perspective including various theoretical elements, which are instrumental for explaining religious changes and which can be combined flexibly. In brief, they are: 1. Functional differentiation as a rule stands in a strained relationship to the integrational capacity of religious communities and churches. If, however, religious identities are linked with non-religious, for example, political, national, or economic interests, religion and church are strengthened. 2. Processes of individualization mostly have an erosive impact on religious ties. 3. In contrast to the assumptions of the market model, religious pluralism does not foster religious vitality, but actually inhibits it. In the case of conflict, though, religious diversity can fuel religious passions. Other determining factors such as government regulations of the religious sector, state spending on the welfare system, social inequality, immigration, and path dependency are also taken into account.
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Reinares, María. Psychotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0012.
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The recurrent nature of bipolar disorder (BD), and the high morbidity and mortality associated with the illness advocate for an integrative treatment in which medication is complemented with psychological approaches. This chapter explores the role of adjunctive psychotherapy in BD. The most commonly tested psychological treatments have been cognitive-behavioural therapy, psychoeducation, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and family intervention. Functional remediation represents a new option for patients with functional impairment. Most findings indicate the benefits of adjunctive psychological treatments to improve the outcomes of BD. Controversial results have also been found, highlighting the need for a better identification of treatment moderators and mediators to design interventions tailored to the target population. Recently, cognitive remediation, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing have begun to be tested, as well as Internet-based psychological interventions, but it is too early to draw conclusions about their efficacy.
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Cullum, Sarah. Management of dementia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0039.
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The management of dementia discusses the needs of people in both the early and later stages of dementia, focusing on social and environmental aspects as well as physical and psychological. The main management tasks in early dementia are helping the person with dementia and their family come to terms with the diagnosis, optimising quality of life in the present, and planning for the future. In later dementia we deal with maintaining person-hood, the emergence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, making decisions for a person who no longer has capacity to do so for themselves, and end of life care in people who are increasingly frail and have limited ability to communicate their needs. Underpinning all of these is the need for respect and communication, and to provide person-centred and relationship-centred care for people with dementia and their carers.
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Troisi, Alfonso. Detachment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0003.
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Most of us find social encounters rewarding, especially when we encounter those with whom we are familiar and have built up a relationship. From an evolutionary point of view, this is not surprising; human beings are fundamentally social organisms, and human development and functioning occur within a social context. The origin of individual differences in the capacity to experience social reward is likely to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental variables, including genetic variation, early experience and current situational factors. A few individuals seem to lie at the lower extreme of this continuum, experiencing little or no positive feelings during affiliative interactions. This chapter deals with the psychological and behavioral traits that characterize these uncommon individuals and reviews the mechanisms likely to cause their emotional detachment. The chapter then discusses the importance of aversive early experience in promoting an avoidant style of adult attachment and the role of the brain opioid system and genetic polymorphisms in mediating diminished hedonic response to affiliative interactions.
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Makurumidze, Getrude, Anna Gamell, and Emili Letang. AIDS Orphans and Other Children Affected by HIV. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0005.
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Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the number of deaths in reproductive age groups has led to nearly 18 million children being left orphaned. Orphans are not only faced with the loss of one or both parents but may also suffer loss of property and inheritance, disruption from school, and psychosocial distress from the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. This chapter explores the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of HIV/AIDS orphanhood. It addresses the financial and emotional support that orphans and their caregivers need, as well as key strategies shown to be effective to protect, support, and empower orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Such strategies include providing education, psychosocial care and support, household economic strengthening, social protection, health and nutrition, child and legal protection, and capacity building. However, despite the considerable progress achieved, multiple challenges still prevent many OVC from receiving effective care and support. These aspects need to be urgently addressed in order to build evidence-based programs, respond to the needs of all AIDS-affected children, and achieve the dream of an AIDS-free generation.
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Gauvain, Mary. Sociocultural Contexts of Development. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0017.
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This chapter describes the mutually defining and supportive relations between psychological development and the sociocultural contexts in which development occurs. It begins with the historical and functional basis of these relations offered by evolutionary psychology. Then the chapter discusses sociocultural contexts and why they are important for understanding development. Two contexts are highlighted: (1) social interaction that conveys cultural knowledge and ways of thinking to children and (2) participation in everyday activities, cultural practices, and cultural tools that embody the goals, and means to reach these goals, that are valued in the culture. The chapter aims to demonstrate how studying the sociocultural contexts of development provides unique and valuable insight into psychological growth.
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Cheon, Bobby K., Rongxiang Tang, Joan Y. Chiao, and Yi-Yuan Tang. The Cultural Neuroscience of Holistic Thinking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0006.
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Cultural diversity in patterns for understanding and conceptualizing one’s relationships with others may have led to diverse cultural systems for interpreting, thinking, and reasoning about the world. Eastern holistic systems of thought rely on connectedness and relations as a primary way of understanding the world, whereas Western analytic systems of thought rely on discreteness or substansiveness as an epistemological way of thinking. From attention and cognition to social cognitive processes, neural systems have likewise adapted differently across cultural contexts to facilitate divergent systems of social interactions and relations. This chapter reviews recent evidence for cultural influences on neural systems of analytic/holistic thinking, and discusses the relevance of this neuroscientific evidence, such as that from functional magnetic resonance imaging and analysis of event-related potentials, for cultural-psychological theories of holism and dialecticism.
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Moskalenko, Sophia, and Clark McCauley. The Marvel of Martyrdom. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689322.001.0001.
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THE MARVEL OF MARTYRDOM is about how martyrs can change the world and how self-sacrifice can change lives. The book starts with famous and influential martyrs, such as Jesus and Gandhi. But the pinnacles of martyrdom can only be reached via the plains of everyday selflessness. Every martyr examined began with smaller forms of self-sacrifice familiar to everyone—every parent, every lover, every friend. Every famous martyr succeeded in challenging injustice by appealing to people’s capacity to appreciate self-sacrifice and to follow in the martyr’s footsteps with sacrifices of their own. Unravelling how martyr stories spread from a few witnesses to millions of people, the authors consider martyrdom and self-sacrifice together in cases of notable martyrs (Andrej Sakharov) and less-well known ones (The Heaven’s Hundred), fake martyrs (Horst Wessel), and fictional ones (Harry Potter). They identify Seven Ideal Conditions for Martyrdom, an empirically testable framework for how martyr stories go viral. Using studies in criminology, social psychology, and behavioral economics, they propose a theory of how martyrdom can turn peaceful protest into regime-toppling revolutions like the Arab Spring and the Ukrainian Revolution of 2014. Claiming that suicide bombers are martyrs, terrorists have used the power of martyrdom against their Western targets. The book sets the record straight and offers three ways to defend against the psychological threat of terrorism. In the abundance, safety, and individualism of modern Western life, the power of self-sacrifice is not obvious. This book shows how it can make our lives richer and more meaningful.
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Bradley, Ben. Darwin's Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708216.001.0001.
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Darwin has long been hailed as forefather to behavioural science, and even more so nowadays, with the growing popularity of evolutionary psychologies. This is the first book to examine Darwin’s own extensive writings about psychological matters. It finds that Darwin’s fulcrum was the agency of living creatures—both in his psychology and in his theory of evolution. A careful reading of Darwin’s writings on topics from climbing plants to babies shows that no individual-based theory of evolution can explain everything about human action. The interpersonal domain, group-life and culture, are also key, whether we consider the dynamics of conscience, emotional expressions or the dramas of desire. For example, Darwin argues that the anatomy and physiology of evolutionarily ‘purposeless’ facial movements gain meaning through their perception by others. His explanation of blushing adds a layer of complexity to such recognition—my blush results from my perception of how you are reading me. A similar reflexive dynamic governs how Darwin understands sexual desire, conscience, the setting of social standards, and the place of culture in human agency. Testing the main plank of Darwin’s psychology—that a capacity for group-interaction underpins the most human aspects of human agency—has awaited contemporary research, being recently confirmed by film-studies of young babies. Darwin’s writings frame a surprisingly well-resourced arena for elaboration of a socialized, agentic account of how we and our fellow creatures live. Moreover, Darwin stands at the forefront of moves toward an evolutionary biology in which organisms lead and genes follow.
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Ussishkin, Daniel. Morale. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190469078.001.0001.
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The book charts the institutional, cultural, and political history of morale in modern imperial Britain. First emerging in the nineteenth century as a residual problem in military disciplinary discussions, morale gradually emerged as a central problem in the management of groups, and, during the twentieth century, was diffused to other, civilian spheres of life. By the era of the Second World War, morale had become a ubiquitous and truly British concept. Its management was seen as vital for securing victory in war and, later on, as central to the goals of industrial management in a democratic age. In its name, Britons have generated a host of institutional practices to promote and observe morale, and it served as an important organizing principle for a host of social-psychological and managerial knowledge. Throughout the book, morale is examined both as a disciplinary technology to maximize productivity or collective capacity, and as encompassing a broader political vision for the management of society. Military theorists who feared the prospect of imperial decline, industrial psychologists who lamented the prevalence of social alienation, promoters of the British welfare state who insisted on the relationship between morale, sacrifice, and postwar reconstruction, all articulated their endeavor as a quest for a social emollient, seemingly lost in a disintegrated modern civil society. Morale ends with the transformations in the understanding of morale and the political visions to which it has been linked, against the backdrop of the crumbling of the social-democratic state and the ascendancy of the New Right.
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Hofhuis, José GM, and Peter E. Spronk. Quality of Life after Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0007.
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The demand for critical care is on the rise and is expected to grow significantly in coming decades. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a relevant outcome measure for patients recovering from critical illness. This chapter addresses several key questions about HRQoL, namely: Why measure HRQoL in critically ill patients? What do we mean with HRQoL? Which HRQoL instruments are being used? How to estimate HRQoL before ICU admission, and what is the impact of critical illness on HRQoL, particularly in the elderly? This chapter also addresses the phenomenon of response shift in survivors of critical illness related to their perceived HRQoL. It is argued that HRQoL measures for physical and psychological factors, functional status, and social interactions should be incorporated as standard quality indicators of ICU performance. These measurements will provide further insight on long-term post-ICU recovery and might be used to evaluate and track the utility of follow-up clinics after hospital discharge.
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Baune, Bernhard T., and Catherine Harmer, eds. Cognitive Dimensions of Major Depressive Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198810940.001.0001.
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The lifetime prevalence of 15% for major depressive disorder (MDD) within the general population is among the highest among all mental disorders. MDD is also one of the leading causes of disability and has been estimated to affect 300 million people worldwide. Clinical, functional, and biological correlates of MDD are frequently investigated almost exclusively based on research that defines depression as a categorical disorder assessed by established diagnostic instruments. Given the phenotypic and biological heterogeneity of depression, a refocus of the clinical phenotype of depression is required and widely recommended. Cognitive dimensions of depression have long been implicated in the nature of depression as a disorder that is characterized by typically impaired cognitive and emotional processes. The systems of cognitive function, emotion processing, and social cognitive processing are regarded as comprehensively describing large parts of the clinical symptoms as well as the pathophysiology of the brain-based disorder of depression. The focus on the above cognitive and emotional dimensions of depression offers promising extended and novel diagnostic and treatment approaches ranging from pharmacological to psychological interventions targeting those dimensions of depression. This book aims to provide an improved understanding of the characteristics of the dimensional approach of depression, focusing on the cognitive, emotional, and social cognitive processes.
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Colvin, Lesley A., and Marie T. Fallon. Pain physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0009.
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The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage’. A good understanding of the physiology of pain processing is important, with recent advances in basic science, functional neuroimaging, and clinical pain syndromes contributing to our understanding. It is also important to differentiate between nociception, the process of detecting noxious stimuli, and pain perception, which is a much more complex process, integrating biological, psychological, and social factors. The somatosensory nervous system, from peripheral nociceptors, to sensory nerves and spinal cord synapses has many potential sites for modulation, with ascending pathways to the brain, balanced by ‘top-down’ control from higher centres. Under certain circumstances, for example, after tissue injury from trauma or surgery, there will be continued nociceptive input, with resultant changes in the whole somatosensory nervous system that lead to development of chronic pain syndromes. In such cases, even when the original injury has healed, the pathophysiological changes in the nervous system itself lead to ongoing pain, with peripheral or central sensitization, or both. Additionally, in some chronic pain syndromes, for example, chronic widespread pain, it has been postulated that abnormalities in central processing may be the initiating factor, with some evidence for this from neuroimaging studies. Further work is needed to fully understand pain neurobiology in order to advance our management.
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Keefe, Richard S. E., Avi (Abraham) Reichenberg, and Jeffrey Cummings, eds. Cognitive Enhancement in CNS Disorders and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.001.0001.
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This book compiles a series of educational and thought-provoking chapters from the world's leading cognitive and clinical scientists to describe the latest research on cognitive impairments in a host of pathological conditions that affect CNS functioning, the available treatments for these impairments, and how new treatments are being tested. This volume advances the field toward the availability of cognitive enhancing drugs and devices that will benefit those who need them most and others who may believe that these techniques can help them to thrive. Psychological science and cognitive neuroscience have become the most popular endeavor of students worldwide, are the focus of attention of our greatest scientific accomplishments, and are the emphasis of many publications in the mainstream media. Because humans depend on cognitive abilities for survival, quality of life, and productivity, improving them has never been more important. Those with impairments in key aspects of cognition suffer dearly because they are unable to obtain and retain information, unable to make sound decisions based on the information at hand, and unable to plan future activities. The availability of pharmacological and behavioral interventions that can improve cognitive abilities and provide impaired individuals with the social, occupational, and functional quality of life that the rest of us enjoy has potential far-reaching implications. Such interventions can also benefit those who want to boost current cognitive abilities to higher levels, perhaps as a means to hone skills in providing products for others or to gain an edge on competition.
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Welling, Lisa L. M., and Todd K. Shackelford, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioral Endocrinology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190649739.001.0001.
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Although most will be at least somewhat familiar with the biological role hormones play during puberty and pregnancy, many are likely unaware that hormones—chemical messengers that are secreted by cells and that travel through the body to reach specialized receptors—impact multiple aspects of our lives from conception onward. Behavioral endocrinology and evolutionary psychology are complementary disciplines wherein scholars seek to understand human behavior. Evolutionary psychologists contend that human psychology and behavior are functional outcomes of natural and sexual selection pressures encountered in the ancestral environment. In this view, selection pressures designed adaptations of the mind and body, which produce behavior through a variety of psychological, neurological, and physiological mechanisms. Behavioral endocrinologists study the hormonal and neuroendocrine mechanisms that influence or regulate behavior. They investigate these bidirectional relationships between hormones and behavior using measured, estimated, or manipulated circulating hormone levels, or by studying the associated biological circuitry. Understanding how hormones function as underlying mechanisms for potentially adaptive responses in specific environmental contexts informs an evolutionary perspective on human psychology. This book explores various topics within behavioral endocrinology from an evolutionary perspective. Each chapter explores a subtopic within one of three themes: (1) development and survival, (2) reproductive behavior, and (3) social and affective behavior. Current knowledge on diverse subjects, such as hormonal influences on life history strategy, mate choice, aggression, human hierarchical structure, mood disorders, and more, is outlined and exciting future directions are discussed. The intersection of evolutionary psychology and behavioral endocrinology affords compelling research into human psychophysiology.