Academic literature on the topic 'Psychological aspects. (CHK.)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychological aspects. (CHK.)"
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Slater, Jonathan A. "Psychological Aspects of Chronic Disease." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44, no. 1 (January 2005): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000145244.77925.35.
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Laili, Nurul. "ASPEK PSIKOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN DARING MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN CAPAIAN INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF MAHASISWA VOKASI." Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53599/jip.v2i2.67.
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Background: Changes that occur in the learning process due to a pandemic have an impact on the psychological aspects of students. Factors that influence the psychological aspects of learning are intelligence, learning environment and learning methods. Online learning methods require adaptation to habitual patterns and use of technology. Independent learning, indirect learning, and multiple assignments, have a psychological effect on a variety of physical and mental complaints. Evaluation of online learning through understanding (cognitive) and affective results with reference to the cumulative grade point average obtained by students during online learning.
Method: The research design used cross-sectional. The population in this study were all D3 Nursing students of STIKES Karya Husada Semester 2. Data collection techniques were Total Sampling. The independent variable is the psychological aspect of vocational students facing online learning and the dependent variable is the achievement of the student's Grade Point Average. Measurement of psychological aspects using a scale instrument of psychological aspects of resilience. The type of test used is the Chi Square test with p value <0.005.
Results: Most of the respondents had a positive psychological aspect when learning online and had a very satisfying GPA. The result of the value correlation test shows a significance of 0.000, so there is a relationship between psychological aspects and the achievement of the student's grade point average.Analysis: Learning conditions that have implications for individual responses show that education as an institution is able to prepare students for online learning well. Conditions that can support the learning process, facilitators, academic tools and learning methods are quite varied, increasing the ability of students to follow each learning process. The competency target that is sought is still optimal, although not ideal, it will greatly help students achieve good learning outcomes.Conclusion: Achievement of learning outcomes can be influenced by interest, motivation, cognitive abilities, ability to share time, relationships with family, lecturers' explanations and living conditions, social conditions and individual abilities to adapt to learning conditions.
Keywords: Psychological aspects, Grade Point Average, Online learning
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Kalutskaya, I. N., and A. N. Poddiakov. "The Concept of Machiavellianism: A Diversity of Approaches and Evaluations." Cultural-Historical Psychology 3, no. 4 (2007): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2007030409.
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The paper discusses the ambiguity and contradictions of the term 'Machiavellianism' and its operationalization in concrete psychological researches. The concept is analysed in following aspects: a) the contradiction between the personality traits of Niccolo Machiavelli and the modern meaning of the concept 'Machiavellist'; b) the differences in understanding this concept between psychologists and ordinary people, as well as between psychologists themselves; c) the heterogeneity, overloading with different, often contradictory, psychological content of the statements in the MACHIV test, the most commonly used instrument for measuring a person's level of Machiavellianism. The authors point to the complexity of Machiavellianism as a psychological phenomenon as well as to the complexity and multidimensionality of human notions about it. The authors also propose a possible scheme for integrating psychological theories of Machiavellianism.
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Bratus, B. S., N. P. Busygina, A. N. Krichevec, and K. I. Nasibullov. "Comprehending Incomprehensible: Comparative Approach in Qualitative Psychological Studies of Religiosity." Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, no. 1 (2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170115.
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The article presents an analysis of methodological problems in psychological studies of religiosity and offers a new comparative approach to qualitative research of religiosity as a component of human life. The authors demonstrate the possibility of combining ideas of religious philosophy (Christian and Islamic) with J. Lacan's psychoanalytic idea of a multidimensional subject in the psychological interpretation of biographical interviews of believers. The essence of the authors' approach to interpretation is repeated re-reading of the interview texts from the theological (close to the respondent's denomination), psychoanalytic and reflective positions, which provides methodological triangulation of qualitative analysis and creates opportunities for a richer understanding of the meanings of the stories. The analysis of two semi-structured interviews with Muslim and Orthodox women are presented. The authors discuss the possibilities of applying their methodological approach to the explorations of religious experience and the relationship between deep psychological and spiritual aspects of such experience.
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Mahakova, Larisa. "Ethno-Psychological Aspects of Youth Identity with the City." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-912x-2020-31-36.
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The object of the study is the identity with the city among regional youth. Subject: psychological aspects of youth identity in different ethnic groups. Purpose: to determine the psychological basis for identification with the city of residence among young people, as well as the structure of identity with the city in its various ethnic groups.
A modified identification scale with the city developed by M. Lalli was the methodological toolkit. For statistical data processing, the Friedman analysis of variance by Chi-square criterion was used.
The results of the work contribute to the search for the psychological foundations of the rooting of young people in their cities in order to minimize the internal migration of the able-bodied young urban population, set their development and prosperity, and implement their personal and professional plans.
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Pavlenko, V. N. "The Concepts of “Tool”, “Psychological Tool”, “Sign” and Their Relationship." Cultural-Historical Psychology 16, no. 1 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160112.
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The article focuses on a number of key concepts for cultural-historical psychology — ‘tool’, ‘psychological tool’, ‘sign’ — and their relationship, both in the past and modern researches. It analyses different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of ‘tool’ and proposes an alternative version of its understanding. Notably, L.S. Vygotsky moved away from the concept of ‘psychological too’ to the concept of ‘sign’, and this transition is discussed in terms of Vygotsky’s understanding of the latter. The paper presents a comparative analysis of tools and signs in their plain, historically original forms. It is suggested that the main difference between tools and signs is that the function of tools is to replace the individual as a participant of collective activity in its various specific operations, while the function of signs is to replace the individual in just one aspect — in the regulation of social interaction in joint activities. Such understanding is consistent with the idea of the social nature of signs as well as with the idea of the possibility of forming self-regulation on this basis.
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Udavihina, Ul'yana. "About Socio-Psychological Aspect of the Mediation." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 9, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-912x-2020-7-14.
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The definition of mediation as a process or procedure prevails in the scientific literature. Consideration of the socio-psychological aspect of meditation is rarely found in the works of foreign and domestic researchers. A hypothesis was put forward about the existence of socio-psychological features of the mediator's professional activity, which are manifested in the socio-psychological features and social orientations of mediators and their clients. 198 people were surveyed, including 98 mediators and 100 mediation clients. We measured: personality profiles of social orientations; use of mediation approaches; negotiation style in mediation; level of subjective success of the mediator's professional activity. Data processing: frequency analysis, correlation analysis using the t-test for independent samples, Pearson's Chi-square, and Spearman's r-square. Results: among mediators, people who tend to dominate are more common, while clients who use the services of mediators have a tendency to lead behavior. There are differences in the mutual assessment of personality profiles and social orientations of mediators and their clients. Each mediation approach and negotiation style is characterized by its own set of relationships with the characteristics of the personality profile of the mediator's social orientations, features and self-assessment of his work.
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Gordeeva, T. O., O. A. Sychev, and E. N. Osin. "Evaluating Optimism: Developing Children’s Version of Optimistic Attributional Style Questionnaire." Cultural-Historical Psychology 13, no. 2 (2017): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2017130206.
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People differ significantly in how they usually explain to themselves the reasons of events, both positive and negative, that happen in their lives. Psychological research shows that children who tend to think optimistically have certain advantages as compared to their pessimistically thinking peers: they are less likely to suffer from depression, establish more positive relationships with peers, and demonstrate higher academic achievements. This paper describes the process of creating the children’s version of the Optimistic Attributional Style Questionnaire (OASQ-C). This technique is based on the theory of learned hopelessness and optimism developed by M. Seligman, L. Abramson and J. Teas dale and is an efficient (compact) tool for measuring optimism as an explanatory style in children and adolescents (9-14 years). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that this technique is a two-factor structure with acceptable reliability. Validity is supported by the presence of expected correlations between explanatory style and rates of psychological well-being, dispositional optimism, positive attitude to life and its aspects, depression, and academic performance. The outcomes of this technique are not affected by social desirability. The developed questionnaire may be recommended to researchers and school counsellors for evaluating optimism (optimistic thinking) as one of the major factors in psychological well-being of children; it may also be used in assessing the effectiveness of cognitive oriented training for adolescents.
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Sizova, Zh M., V. L. Zakharova, and K. A. Alibeyli. "Possibilities of coenzyme q10 as a part of complex therapy of patients with chronic heart failure and its influence on indicators of quality of life." Medical Council, no. 5 (April 4, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-5-90-95.
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The research objective consisted in studying of influence of coenzyme Q10 as a part of complex therapy of patients with the chronic heart failure (CHF) on indicators of quality of life in comparison with traditional therapy without coenzyme Q10 addition. The research included 75 patients with CHF 1-3 of FC, the coronary heart disease (CHD) which complicated a current with a myocardial infarction in the anamnesis In comparative aspect were analyzed dynamics of physical and psychological components of quality of life of patients with CHF 1-3 of FC under the influence of traditional therapy and traditional therapy with coenzyme Q10 addition. The indicators of quality of life defined on the basis of questionnaires of EQ-5D-DL and SF-36, supplementing a disease picture, are multiple-factor criterion for evaluation of a condition of patients with CHF 1-3 of FC. Improvement of indicators of quality of life is more expressed under the influence of traditional therapy with coenzyme Q10 addition.
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Lee, Gloria K., Michael Infranco, Abiola Dipeolu, Catherine Cook-Cottone, James P. Donnelly, Timothy P. Janikowski, Amy Reynolds, and Tim Boling. "Concept Mapping Analysis of Social Skills Camp Experience for Children with Disabilities." Children Australia 41, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2015.41.
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The present study aimed to identify themes emerging from an inclusive therapeutic recreational camp experience for children with disabilities who attended a 10-day summer camp. Concept mapping was used to analyse the experience of 42 participants. Results emerged with seven themes: Personal Growth; Nurturing Relationships; Non-judgmental Environment and Attitude; Traditional/Classic Camp Fun; Beneficial and Unique Opportunities; Learning/Thinking with Structures and Rules; and Independence and Recognition. Results suggested that children with disabilities experienced positive personal growth and learned new skills from an integrated, therapeutic camp. These children benefited from the social and psychological aspects of the camp experience, as well as the learned skillset and behaviours. Clinical implications and future research directions are also discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychological aspects. (CHK.)"
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Cheng, Wing-kei, and 鄭永基. "The effect of a Tai Chi exercise program on the physical and psychological well-being of community dwelling elderly." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257148.
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Tu, Chia-Hua Vivian. "The relationship between language learning orientation and regulatory focus among EFL students in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186963.
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This research investigated the relationship between students’ approaches to second language learning and a specific personality variable. The main research instruments were two questionnaires. One was the Language Learning Orientation Questionnaire (LLOQ), which measures two orientations to language learning, Structure Orientation (SO) and Communication Orientation (CO). The other instrument was the Regulatory Focus Theory Questionnaire (RFTQ), which was extensively modified from the USdesigned Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT: Higgins, 1997) for application in the Chinese cultural background, or Confucian Heritage Cultures (CHC), of Taiwan. The study involved 360 students in four high schools in Taiwan. The quantitative data from the questionnaires were supplemented by qualitative data from interviews and non-participant classroom observations. The analysis of LLOQ results demonstrated a clear distinction between SO and CO among the participants. The results of the CHC RFTQ identified three forms of Regulatory Focus: Obligation-Adherence, Social-Security (which are conflated in standard RFT as PRE) and Goal-Achievement (a specific form of PRO). The analysis of the relationship between the LLOQ and RFTQ data indicates there is a correlation between RF and LLO.
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Sacks, William Andrew. "Healthcare providers' experience of chronic grief in a pediatric subacute facility." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2034.
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The purpose of this study was: (1) to evaluate the level of grief experienced by healthcare providers in a pediatric subacute facility, (2) to compare the levels of grief between different groups of healthcare providers (Certified Nurses' Aides, Licensed Nurses, and Respiratory Care Practitioners), and (3) to describe the personality/demographic factors that influence a healthcare provider's ability to cope effectively with compound grief.
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"Boosting the chance of organizational change success: the role of individuals' goal orientation, affectivity and psychological capital." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291266.
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Change management literature has not focused much on the role of individual characteristics in organizational changes. The present study examined the effect of trait-like motivational and emotional dispositions; and state-like personal resources within individuals on readiness for change. In the study, 161 Hong Kong employees completed an online questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate the employees’ perceived change efficacy in response to three scenarios (i.e. team restructuring, information system change, merger and acquisition) modified based on actual workplace change incidents as a measure of change readiness. Evidence suggested that individuals with learning goal orientation and positive affectivity particularly welcomed potential changes in their organizations. The relations were moderated by psychological capital, where change efficacy was significantly enhanced by Psychological Capital (PsyCap) for individuals with learning goal orientation and positive affectivity, implying the importance of this positive mental resource to changes at work. Further analyses on separate scenarios showed similar patterns as in the overall analyses, inferring robustness of the proposed model. Our findings shed light on employee selection; and on how strengthening employees’ PsyCap may heighten the chance of organizations undergoing changes to succeed.變革管理文獻並沒有太多關注員工的個人特質在組織變革上的影響。本研究目的為了解動機與情感傾向的個人特質和精神資源如何影響員工的組織變革知覺(readiness for change)。一百六十一名香港員工參與了是次研究並完成了網上問卷調查。本問卷設計用於評估員工就三種組織變革情景，即團隊架構重組、信息系統的變化和收購合併的改變效能感(perceived change efficacy)，從而量化員工的組織變革知覺。研究發現，擁有學習目標導向(Learning Goal Orientation)和正向情感(Positive Affectivity)的員工會比較接受組織上的變化。再者，心理資本(Psychological Capital)有效強化學習目標導向和正向情感與組織變革知覺的關係，這意味著精神資源在工作中的重要性。研究結果揭示組織或可從員工招聘和培訓方面增進組織變化的成功機會。
Kwan, Po Lam Polly.
Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-38).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 14, September, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
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"Cognitive and motivational effects on variety seeking: 影響多元化選擇的動機和認知效應." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290674.
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Variety seeking is a behavioral tendency that can be observed in various consumption situations. This thesis investigated the effects of three factors on variety seeking. These factors exert their effects on the tendency to choose variety via motivational or/and cognitive mechanisms.The first essay examined the cognitive effects of processing style on variety seeking. One experiment demonstrated that when people were primed to process information globally, they were more likely to choose variety than when they were primed with a local processing style. This finding opens a fruitful avenue to investigate how variety seeking may be influenced by factors that can alter individuals’ processing style.
In the second essay, I explored the motivational effects of social exclusion on variety seeking. Two experiments showed that social exclusion, regardless of the specific way it is experienced, increased choice of variety. This effect was driven by ostracized people’s motivation to regain control. It is observed only when participants chronically have a need for control and when choosing variety can help fulfill the goal of restoring their feeling of control. In addition, it only occurs when individuals feel unable to restore their lack of social control directly, and must resort to means of doing so in other, nonsocial domains. Moreover, this essay showed that social exclusion had divergent effects on variety seeking and uniqueness seeking.
The third essay examined how motivational and cognitive effects interact on variety seeking. Specifically, it studied the effects of mortality salience, which not only can induce motivation to defend against death anxiety but also activate death-related semantic concepts. Four experiments showed that inducing thoughts about one’s own death decreased the variety of participants’ choices in an unrelated multiple-choice decision situation, whereas activating semantic concepts of death increased it. Moreover, inducing cognitive load decreased the motivational effect of mortality salience, leading its cognitive influence to predominate. The motivational effect of mortality salience was apparently driven by a desire for stability, leading to the avoidance of unfamiliar stimuli. In contrast, its cognitive, semantic effect was mediated by its impact on the use of a global processing style. The cognitive effects of mortality salience occur regardless of how it is induced, but its motivational influence occurs only when death anxiety is experienced as a result of thinking about one’s own death.
多元化選擇是一個在各種消費情境中都會發生的行為傾向。本論文探討了三個對多元化選擇會產生影響的音素。這些因素通過動機、認知或者是它們兩者一并對多元化選擇發揮作用。
論文的第一部分研究了信息處理方式對多元化選擇的影響。通過一個實驗，該部分指出人們被引導使用整體信息處理方式的時候，他們會選擇更為多樣的產品。而當人們使用細節信息處理方式的時候，他們則會更傾向于選擇較為單一的產品。由于信息處理方式可以被各種不同的因素影響，本部分研究開辟了一個新的方向去思考這些因素對多元化選擇的作用。
在論文的第二部分，我研究了社會排斥對多元化選擇的動機效應。通過兩個實驗，本人發現社會排斥，不論其具體的體驗是如何，都會提升選擇的多元化。這一效應是由于被排斥的人們希望通過選擇多樣化的產品來獲得控制感。只有當人們本身對控制感有需求并且多元化選擇是有助于控制感獲得的情況下這一效應才會發生。同時，這一部分的論文發現社會排斥對多元化選擇和獨特性選擇的效應是不一樣的。
論文的第三部分探討動機和認知如何一同影響多元化選擇。具體而言，這部分論文研究了死亡凸顯的效應。死亡凸顯不但會刺激出抵抗死亡恐懼的動機，而且會激發與死亡相關的認知概念。通過四個實驗，我發現抵御死亡恐懼的動機會降低選擇的多元化，而單純地激發死亡的認知概念則會提升多元化選擇的傾向。同時，認知負擔的存在會削弱動機效應，從而令認知效應更加凸顯。死亡凸顯的動機效應是由對穩定的渴求驅動的，因而會導致人們避免選擇不熟悉的產品。相較而言，它的認知效應是為整體信息處理方式所中介的。不論死亡凸顯是如何操控，認知效應都會產生，但是其動機效應只有在被試聯想和感受到對自己死亡的恐懼時才會出現。
Huang, Zhongqiang.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-88).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 25, October, 2016).
Huang, Zhongqiang.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
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"When love meets money: negative roles of money in romantic relationships." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290656.
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The increase of divorce rate and infidelity with rapid economic development leads people to think about the influence of money on romantic relationships. Previous studies focused on the exploration of the relation between income and romantic relationships. They revealed that money facilitates the development of romantic relationships, but is also associated with relationship conflicts and crisis. However, little is known about how money is related to the occurrences of relationship problems. The current study centered on the negative effects of money on romantic relationships, and explored the possible psychological processes underlying these effects. I predicted that some money-related attitudes and feelings would exert a negative effect on individuals’ relationship satisfaction and investment, and increase the possibility of getting a better alternative by motivating them to approach the attractive opposite-sex, thus decreasing relationship commitment. I recruited Mainland Chinese college students and community samples involved in romantic relationships and conducted three studies under the framework of the investment model. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used in Study 1 to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards money and relationship investment. Results showed that people who assigned a high value to money underestimated their partners’ investment, and performed fewer pro-relationship behaviors. In Study 2 and Study 3, I used the priming method to trigger a relatively rich or poor feeling. Study 2 focused on respondents’ satisfaction with their partners and revealed that men feeling relatively rich were less satisfied with their partners’physical appearance than those feeling relatively poor. This difference was not significant for women. In Study 3, I examined how individuals thought and behaved in a situation with an opposite-sex attractive alternative. Results showed that men feeling relatively rich sat closer to the attractive alternative than men feeling relatively poor. Compared with men, women feeling rich reported less interest in dating the attractive alternative but sat closer to him than women feeling poor. Put simply, the importance that an individual places in money is negatively related to relationship investment, and the awareness of being rich may cause low satisfaction and increase an individual’s propensity to approach the alternative. According to the investment model, results from my studies demonstrate that these money-related attitudes and feelings could potentially exert a negative impact on romantic commitment, and this could be an important reason for the instability of romantic relationships. Findings from my studies also revealed some gender differences in the influences of money, indicating that the magnitude and direction of these influences could partially depend on which relationship partner owns the money. These findings have both conceptual and practical implications for the psychology of money and romantic relationships.近年來，中國經濟在飛速發展，與此同時，離婚率不斷上升，出軌事件日益增加，這讓人們開始思考金錢對愛情關係的影響。已有研究者探討了收入與愛情之間的關係，發現金錢可以促進愛情關係的發展，但是也與關係中的衝突和危機相關。金錢如何導致了關係問題的出現，有關這一問題的研究成果有限。因此，本研究以金錢對愛情關係的消極影響為焦點，探索這些影響背後可能的心理機制。我假設某些與金錢有關的態度和感受對關係滿意度和關係投資會有消極影響，並且，會增加個體獲得一個更好的新關係的可能性，根據投資模型(Rusbult, 1983)，關係承諾由此會被削弱。我以正處於愛情關係中的大學生和成人為被試，在投資模型的理論框架下實施了三個研究。研究一使用紙筆測驗考察了個體對於金錢的態度和關係投資之間的關係，結果表明，重視金錢的人往往會低估伴侶對關係的投入，並且做出較少的親關係行為。在研究二和研究三的實驗中，我使用了啟動方法引發相對富有或貧窮的感覺。研究二以對伴侶的滿意度為焦點，發現感覺相對富裕的男性對伴侶外貌的滿意度低於感覺貧窮的男性，對女性來說，這種差異不顯著。研究三的目的是檢驗在有吸引力異性在場的情境中個體的想法和行為。結果表明，與感覺相對貧窮的男性相比，感覺富有的男性選擇了距離有吸引力的異性比較近的座位。與感覺相對貧窮的女性相比，感覺富有的女性與有吸引力異性約會的興趣較小，但是選擇了距離其比較近的座位。簡言之，個體對金錢的重視程度與關係投資負相關，並且感覺富有可能會導致較低的滿意度和較高的接近其他異性的傾向。根據投資模型，可以認為這些與金錢有關的態度和感受可能會對關係承諾有消極影響，這可能是導致愛情關係不穩定的一個重要原因。本研究的結果揭示了一些有關金錢影響的性別差異，表明金錢影響力的大小和方向可能在某種程度上取決於在關係中哪一方擁有金錢。這些研究結果對於金錢心理學和愛情關係心理學都有重要的理論和實踐意義。
Li, Yiming.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-101).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 20, December, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
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"Adult outcomes of child maltreatment: the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and attachment." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291504.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Mounting research has established child maltreatment as a significant risk factor for negative mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, the mechanisms through which childhood maltreatment exerts its detrimental effect on psychological functioning in adulthood are not well understood. Attachment theory and cognitive theory provide useful theoretical frameworks in explaining the etiology of adult psychopathology, but no prior research has tested the mediating mechanisms of insecure attachment pattern, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and rumination within a unified model.Objectives. There are three main objectives in the current study: (1) to explore the relationships among child maltreatment history and adult depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination; (2) to test a etiological mediation model with distal child maltreatment predicting adult emotional outcomes via the mediating processes of insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination; and (3) to investigate whether rumination would mediate the path between IU and adult emotional outcomes.
Method. A total of 322 adults receiving clinical psychological service in the Clinical Psychology Units of the Social Welfare Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, completed the questionnaires with measures on early childhood maltreatment, attachment pattern, IU, rumination, adult emotional outcomes and proximal life stress. Structural equation modeling was conducted for data analysis.
Results. The present study showed that child maltreatment was incredibly common among clinical population and it significantly affected adult emotional outcomes as well as the three mediators (insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination) examined. A Developmental IU Rumination-Attachment Model with good model fit and strong explanatory power was established. Two sets of etiological paths: Rumination Paths (Simple Rumination Indirect Path and IU-mediated Rumination Path) and Attachment Paths (Simple Attachment Indirect Path and IU-mediated Attachment Path) were identified. The model revealed a novel finding that IU was a common vulnerability factor for both insecure attachment pattern and rumination. Rooted from IU, insecure attachment pattern exemplified stronger influence on adult emotional outcomes when comparing with ruminative response style. Ruminative response style mediated the development from IU to adult emotional outcomes. Proximal life stress cast the least influence on adult emotional outcomes when comparing with the mediating mechanism examined.
Discussion. The Developmental IU Rumination-Attachment Model suggests that in the process of developing adult emotional problems, most of the influences stemmed from pre-existing child maltreatment history and internal psychological processes involving insecure attachment pattern, IU and ruminative response style. External proximal negative life events contribute only a relatively small proportion of influence. The current model does not only enrich our understanding to the long-term sequelae of child maltreatment, but also helps to inform important treatment components for survivors of child maltreatment and to shed light on preventive measures for child maltreatment. Implications for future research would also be discussed.
背景：大量文獻早已確立孩童期受虐經歷是成人身心健康發展的高危因素。然而，探討孩童期受虐經歷如何影響受虐者長大後的情緒健康的研究，到目前為止卻是不多。雖然依附理論及認知理論對成人心理問題的發展進程奠定了重要的理論基礎，然而至今仍沒有任何研究同時探討當中的三個重要中介變量：依附模式，無法忍受不確定性及反芻。
研究目的：本研究有三個主要目的：(1) 探討孩童期受虐經歷與成人抑鬱及焦慮情緒、依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻之間的關係；(2) 測試一個層次性病原模型，闡述孩童期被虐經歷的遠端因素，如何通過一系列的中介變量（依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻），發展至成人期的情緒問題；(3) 研究反芻能否被確立為無法忍受不確性與成人情緒問題的中介變量。
研究方法：研究以問卷調查方式（調查內容包括孩童期受虐經歷、依附模式、無法忍受不確定性、反芻、成人情緒健康及近端生活壓力），於322 位在香港特別行政區社會福利署臨床心理服務課接受服務的人士所組成的樣本，使用結構方程模型進行數據分析。
研究結果：結果顯示，孩童期受虐經歷在臨床群體中是非常普遍，而孩童期受虐經歷也顯著地影響成人期的抑鬱及焦慮情緒，以及三個被測試的中介變量。研究所得的「發展性無法忍受不確定性反芻依附模型」（Developmental IURumination-Attachment Model）達到良好的摸型擬合度及豐富的臨床意義。模型包含了兩組病原路徑，分別為反芻路徑（單一反芻間接路徑和無法忍受不確定性中介的反芻路徑）及依附路徑（單一依附間接路徑和無法忍受不確定性中介的依附路徑）。此模型揭示了一個斬新的發現：無法忍受不確定性乃是誘發反芻及不安全依附模式的脆弱性因素。在無法忍受不確定性的情況下，依附模式較反芻對成人期的情緒問題更具影響力。除此以外，反芻被確立為無法忍受不確定性與成人情緒問題的中介變量。相對模型中的三個中介變量，近端生活壓力對成人情緒問題所構成的影響力則最弱。
討論：研究所得的模型有效地揭示了成人期情緒問題的發展過程中，近端外在生活壓力只構成較弱的影響力。遠端孩童期的受虐經歷，至一系列較近期的內在心理現象（依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻）才是最為重要的因素。研究結果不但加深了學術界對兒童期受虐經歷長遠影響的認識，亦為預防及治療成人情緒問題提供多個臨床應用策略。最後，文未也就未來的實證研究提出了建議。
Lam, Shui Mun Tracy.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-214).
Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
8
"Exploring the influence of changes to the built environment on walking behaviour: a natural experiment within a university campus in Hong Kong." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290658.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Previous studies testing the association between the built environment and walking behaviour have been largely cross-sectional and have yielded mixed results. This study reports on a natural experiment in which changes to the built environment were implemented at a university campus in Hong Kong. Longitudinal data on walking behaviours were collected using surveys, one before and one after changes to the built environment, to test the influence of changes in the built environment on walking behaviour.Experimental design: Changes to land use, campus bus services, pedestrian network, and population density were collected from campus maps, the university developmental office, and field surveys. Motivational data towards walking were collected at baseline in March 2012 (n=198) and after changes to the built environment from the same cohort of subjects in December 2012 (n=169) using a Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) based questionnaire. Walking behaviours were objectively measured by a walking-oriented diary in the two points of survey.
Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the changes to the built environment and walking behaviours. Walking outcomes were measured in terms of: i) walking distance, ii) destination-oriented walking, and iii) walked altitude range. Multivariate linear regression models were used to test for associations between changes to the built environment and walking behaviours. A walking accessibility measure that allows comparison of perception and reality of walking in this hilly community is developed by GIS. Structural equation modelling is used to test the causal relationship between the motivational factors, including the salient beliefs, attitude, perceived behaviour control (PBC), subjective norm (SN), intention, and walking outcomes.
Results: We found that i) changes to the built environment lead to changes in walking behaviours. Specifically, Greater pedestrian network connectivity predicted longer walking distances and an increased likelihood of walking as a means of transportation. The increased use of recreational (vs. work) buildings, largely located at mid-range altitudes, as well as increased population density predicted greater walking distances. Having a greater density of work buildings at lower altitudes deceased subjects’ walked altitude range, while having more bus services and a greater population density encouraged people to increase their walked altitude range;
ii) We developed a practical walking accessibility measure, which was used to visualize the geography of the difference between the perception and reality of walking in this hilly environment for use by urban planners and public health practitioners. We practically addressed the issues in calculating accessibility measures in the present context arise primarily from problems with data quality, three-dimensional pedestrian network modelling and the adequacy of accessibility methods for describing and predicting walking behaviour; and
ii) We found that PBC and attitude were the major determinants of intention, while SN did not exert a significant effect in prediction of intention and walking behaviour. Compared with the baseline survey, PBC has an increased effect on the intention in the follow-up survey. This study partially supports the proposed causal nature of the TPB as a framework for investigating the influence of changes to the built environment on walking behaviours.
研究背景：现有建成环境与步行行为关系的研究以社区横向比较为主，很难得到一致结论。本论文利用一个建成环境的自然实验，跟踪同一批样本，在建成环境改变之前后，分别采集一次数据，以探索建成环境变化对步行行为的影响。
实验设计：建成环境变化发生在香港一所大学校园，研究者收集了包括土地利用及建筑功能、校园巴士服务、步行径、人口密度数据等变化数据。我们根据计划行为理论设计了问卷，进行了样本感知变化的对比研究；同时，利用修订的侧重于步行的出行日志，进行步行行为的数据采集。第一次数据采集在建成环境变化前的2012年3月进行，样本数量为198人；针对同一批样本的第二次数据采集在建成环境变化后的2012年12月进行，剩余169人参加。
方法：我们利用地理信息系统（GIS）客观度量建成环境并进行步行行为的地图绘制。步行行为的变化被量化为：i) 步行距离，ii) 以步行为主的出行所占的比例，iii) 步行所跨越的高程的变化（实验区为丘陵地貌）。通过多元线性回归模型，我们分析客观度量的建成环境变化对步行行为的影响。实验过程中，我们发现样本在步行出行选择时对丘陵地貌的感知存在空间差异，因此，我们利用GIS 建立了步行可达性模型，以度量这种感知与真实的差异。通过结构方程模型，我们分析了计划行为理论问卷所得的数据。
结果：我们发现i) 建成环境的改变导致了步行行为的改变。具体来讲，提高步行径的连接度，可以鼓励人们选择步行并增加他们的步行距离；建成环境中增加的生活功能的建筑，由于大多集中与校园中部，增加了样本的步行距离；人口密度的增加也提高了人们选择步行的可能性并增加了步行距离。影响样本步行所跨越高度变化的因素有在低海拔处新建的教学大楼、调整的巴士服务以及人口密度的变化。
ii) 我们开发的步行可达性度量，以地图可视化的方式呈现了样本对丘陵地貌社区的感知与真实的空间差异。在此过程中，我们解决了针对步行行为的数据质量、三维步行径建模分析、以及实用可达性建模等问题。
iii) 在计划行为理论模型的分析中，我们发现认知行为控制和态度是步行行为意向的决定因素，而行为主观规范的影响并不明显。相对于建成环境变化前，认知行为控制对行为意图的影响程度有所增加。该研究证明计划行为理论可以应用于建成环境变化对步行行为影响的研究中。
Sun, Guibo = 建成环境变化对步行行为影响之探索 : 以发生在香港一所大学校园的自然实验为例 / 孙贵博.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-88).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, November, 2016).
Sun, Guibo.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
9
"Chinese offenders in rape: the developmental sexual-aggressive model." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290638.
Full textAbstract:
Forensic literature has shown particularly high prevalence of violent behavior in offenders convicted of rape but not the otherwise. There is empirical and theoretical support for the development of rape behavior being preceded by a sequence of increasingly non-violent and violent acts. All these point to rape as a subset of violent behavior. However, no existing research has studied the co-occurrence of rape and violent behavior coupled with their underlying mediating factors. This study represents the first empirical attempt to explore the developmental paths to rape behavior in association with its co-occurred violent behavior within the cognitive framework, tracing from distal developmental adversities to cognitive variables common and specific to rape and violent behavior, and then pornography use. Using structural equation modeling, the hypothesized model was tested in a sample of 175 adult male prisoners serving sentence in the Correctional Services Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the conviction of rape and / or violent offence. The resulting Developmental Sexual-Aggressive Model of Rape Behavior explicated that distal developmental adversities, a host of cognitive mediators namely hostility toward women, sexual masculinity factor, antisocial / violent attitudinal factor and entitlement, together with the more proximate behavioral precursors namely pornography use and violent behavior all contributed to explain rape behavior after controlling for social desirability. While hostility toward women and sexual masculinity constituted rape-specific cognitive constructs, the other cognitive constructs were common factors of both rape and violent behavior. The strongest cognitive construct was hostility toward women which emerged early on in the developmental model. Three etiologic paths underlying the development of rape behavior had been identified: one Sexual Path and two Aggressive Paths. The extent of influence between the Sexual Path and the two Aggressive Paths in total was comparable but the two Aggressive Paths became more influential to repeat rape behavior with higher frequency. The Aggressive Paths not only rendered empirical support to the co-occurrence of rape and violent behavior but more importantly revealed a violence-to-rape behavioral pattern. Taking a developmental perspective, the model made direct clinical implications for multiple entry points for rape prevention strategies targeting the general population, the at-risk males and the convicted rapists in order to achieve the ultimate goal of protecting public safety. Research implications with suggestions for future empirical studies were also included.犯罪學文獻表明暴力行為在犯了強姦罪名的犯人中特別普遍，但相反則不然；亦有實證和理論支持強姦行為是由一連串非暴力以致暴力行為逐步發展而成。這都顯示強姦行為是暴力行為的一個子集。然而，沒有任何現有的研究探究了強姦行為和暴力行為的共存，及它們背後的中介因素。這項研究是第一個科研致力探討強姦行為和與它並存的暴力行為的發展路徑。在認知框架下，發展路徑從遠端成長期遇到的逆境，至強姦行為和暴力行為共同及特殊的認知因素，然後到色情資訊的使用。根據結構方程式模型，假設模型在175名因強姦和/或暴力罪名，在香港特區政府懲教署服刑的男性成年犯人所組成的樣本進行測試。研究控制了社會讚許變項後所得的「性侵略性模型發展」(Developmental Sexual-Aggressive Model)，闡述遠端成長期遇到的逆境、一系列認知中介因素即敵視女性、以性主導的男子氣概、反社會 / 暴力思想及權利主意，行為方面的近因即色情資訊的使用和暴力行為，有助於解釋強姦行為。敵視女性及以性主導的男子氣概構成強姦行為特殊的認知因素，而其他認知因素則構成強姦行為和暴力行為的共同因素。敵視女性是當中最重要的因素，而又在發展模型中早期出現。強姦行為背後的三個病因路徑是：一個性的路徑(Sexual Path)和兩個攻擊路徑(Aggressive Path)。單一的性路徑和總的兩個攻擊路徑之間的影響程度是類似的，但兩個攻擊路徑對高頻的重複強姦行為變得更有影響力。兩個攻擊路徑不僅提供了實證支持強姦行為和暴力行為的共存，更重要的是揭示了「暴力演變至強姦的行為模式」(violence-to-rape behavioral pattern)。研究所得的模型別具臨床意義，為預防強姦的策略提供多個入口點，包括針對公眾、存有風險的男性和被定罪的強姦犯，以達到保障公眾安全的最終目標。最後，對未來的實證研究亦提出了建議。
Lee, Kit Shan Yvonne.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-223).
Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, January, 2017).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
10
"Construction of financial risk: a study of the stock market investors and their communicative practices." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290649.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation aims to develop a grounded theory explaining how Chinese stock investors construct risk through their communication practices. Many of the previous studies attribute the risk in the stock market to greedy or unprofessional investors who speculate in stocks. In order to explore this topic further, this dissertation applies a grounded theory approach to develop a detailed local case showing the communication practices of Shanghai investors with respect to stock investment. By examining how investors produce meanings of risk and the relevant risk positions, the dissertation explains why investors keep speculating in the stock market. It uses interviews with 35 investors, in-depth interviews with 12 investors, and on-site observations of four stock exchange halls, investors’ home and working places in Shanghai from 2012 to 2014. The findings show that the investors consider risk to be the uncertainties about the accuracy of the information and the speed by which it is obtained. Ideally, they would obtain public information, make sense of public information professionally, and then generate directional information on which they can base their stock trades. However, with the devaluation of public information due to the corrupt social system, investors are forced to communicate more accurate information in a private way to position themselves to have a privileged risk position, which produces certainties for them but uncertainty for others. The belief in professionalism is eroded through the surge in demand for insider information based on interpersonal relations (guanxi). Because of the lack of insurance and security when circulating information privately, investors have shifted away from long-term stock investments to speculate in stocks. Although the mechanism of stock speculation produces risk for almost all investors, they still produce and reproduce this mechanism. The reason for this is that these investors are trapped in a paradox of risk and security without realizing that their practices to produce security are in fact producing uncertainties for them.本論文研究上海的股票投資者是怎樣在傳播實踐中構建風險的意義的。很多研究將金融風險歸咎於投資者的貪婪或不專業的過度投機行為。為了進一步研究這一課題，本論文採取紮根理論的研究方法，構建一個詳實的關於上海投資者傳播實踐的案例。由此，本論文研究了當地投資者怎樣通過傳播實踐構建風險的意義以及不同的風險處境，並由此對投資者進行投機行為進行理論性的闡釋。本論文的數據收集時間為2012年至2014年，其中主要包括對4所上海的投資交易大廳的實地觀察，對35個投資者的訪談，以及12個深入訪談以及追踪觀察。研究發現，投資者將風險與對信息的正確性以及傳播速度的不確定性相關聯。理想狀態下，投資者通過獲取公共信息，專業解讀信息以將其轉化為導向性的信息，之後進行股票交易。然而，由於腐敗等問題，各類公共信息都產生了貶值，投資者被迫用更私人的方式傳播更準確的信息，以使自己能處於有利地位，並將對信息的確定性建立在其他投資者對信息的不確定性之上。專業主義被瓦解了，取而代之的是建立在人際關係之上的對內幕消息的傳播。投資者們也從專業的、長期的投資專為短期的投機。而那些處於不利地位的投資者所面臨的不確定性亦將反過來加諸於有利地位的投資者之上。儘管投機的體系將風險加諸於幾乎所有投資者之上，投資者仍繼續投機行為。本論文認為其原因是投資者被困於“風險矛盾”之中——投資者通過實踐來尋求保障，未曾意識到其實踐造成了自己乃至於經濟體系更大的風險。
Mao, Zhifei.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-222).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, September, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Books on the topic "Psychological aspects. (CHK.)"
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Zhaoliu, Zhou, ed. Du bo: Qian yin, hou guo, chu li. Xianggang: San lian shu dian (Xianggang) you xian gong si, 2005.
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An ning de yi shu: Zai sheng ming an chu dian deng. Taibei Shi: Zi mo fang wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2003.
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1946-, Allen Mark, and Zhu Ying, eds. Qian shi xiang chu lai de: Xiang bai wan fu weng yi yang si kao. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo she hui chu ban she, 2004.
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Luban-Plozza, Boris. La forza che guarisce: Musica, psiche, società. Torino: Centro scientifico, 2005.
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Luban-Plozza, Boris. La forza che guarisce: Musica, psiche, società. Torino: Centro scientifico, 2005.
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Ling dao zhe xin li wen ti te bie diao cha yu jie du. Beijing Shi: Zhong gong zhong yang dang xiao chu ban she, 2009.
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Anthony, Robbins. Nhzung bưwoc phi thưxong: Nhzung chuyten biren nhko tạo nên điseu khác thưxong : 365 gvoi ý cho 365 ngày. Hà Nuoi: NXB Thanh niên, 2003.
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Esplen, M. J. "Psychological Aspects." In Genetic Testing, 53–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471748897.ch3.
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Szwabo, Peggy A. "Psychological Aspects of Ageing." In Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine, 43–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952930.ch4.
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LaCoursiere, D. Yvette. "Psychological Aspects of Obesity in Women." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 15–32. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch2.
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von Gontard, Alexander. "Psychological aspects in bladder and bowel dysfunction." In Pediatric incontinence, 67–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118814789.ch6.
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Kuchel, George A., Julie Robison, and Richard Fortinsky. "Physiological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Aging." In Cancer and Aging Handbook, 35–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118312513.ch3.
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Mohsin, Muhammad, and Qurat Ul Ain Malik. "Functional Finishing of Textile Materials and Its Psychological Aspects." In Advanced Textile Engineering Materials, 31–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119488101.ch2.
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Nayagam, Daya, Paul Archer, Susheela Sababady, Shema Doshi, and Ella Sherlock. "Adherence, Symptom Management, Psychological Aspects and Multidisciplinary Care of Children with HIV." In Nutrition and HIV, 72–86. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118786529.ch5.
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Brown, Richard. "Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Brain Disorder: Nature, Assessment and Implications for Clinical Neuropsychology." In Clinical Neuropsychology, 79–98. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470013338.ch4.
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"Psychological Aspects." In International Relations : A Handbook of Current Theory. Bloomsbury Academic, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474286909.ch-014.
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Strentz, Thomas. "The American Psychiatric Association." In Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation, 2–9. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420037326.ch1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychological aspects. (CHK.)"
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Rahmawati, Dian. "Psychososial Stimulation in Stunting and Non Stunting Firms." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.24.
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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a condition of growth failure among children under five due to chronic malnutrition. According to World Health Organization (WHO), stunting under five is a public health problem if the prevalence is 20% or more. In 2018, stunting in Indonesia is more than 20%, so it becomes a public health problem and needs to be addressed immediately. Stunting does not only affect physical growth but also psychosocial development. Stunting can reduce the quality of human resources (HR) because the body’s organs, especially the brain, are not able to develop optimally, and increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke. The low psychosocial stimulation has an impact on the subsequent growth of the child. This study aimed to analyze the association between psychosocial stimulation and stunting. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in the Village Bangkok, Kediri, East Java, in August 2020. A total sample of 25 stunting children aged 24-59 months was obtained as a case group and 25 normal toddlers aged 24-59 months as a control group. The dependent variable was the incidence of stunting, while the independent variable was psychosocial stimulation. The stunting measurement was based on the height per age (converted into a Z-score). Measurement of psychosocial stimulation was using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Revisited (HOME) questionnaire consists of 55 statements divided into 8 aspects. The data were collected and analyzed using the Chi Square test. Results: Stunting children showed that psychosocial stimulation were low (20%), medium (64%), and high (16%). While psychosocial stimulation among not stunted children were absent (0%), medium (64%), and high (36%). Psychosocial stimulation was associated with the incidence of stunting (p= 0.031), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Psychological stimulation is associated with the incidence of stunting. The psychosocial stimulation provided by families for stunting toddlers is still less than that of non-stunting children. Keywords: stunting, psychosocial stimulation, children under five Correspondence: Dian Rahmawati. Academy of Midwifery of Dharma Husada. Jl. Penanggungan 41A Kediri City 64114, East Java. Email: lintangkayana31@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285645076003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.24