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1
Sheely, Angela. "School based child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with low income Black American parents: Effects on children's behaviors and parent-child relationship stress, a pilot study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6053/.
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This study examined the effectiveness of training low income Black American parents in child parent relationship therapy (CPRT). In response to the cultural values and challenges faced by low income Black American parents, the CPRT manual was adapted slightly for use with parents for this study. In this quasi-experimental design, 14 parents were assigned to the experimental group and 13 parents were assigned to the no treatment control group. Six hypotheses were analyzed. Different analyses were conducted based on the hypotheses. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were conducted to determine if the CPRT treatment and the no treatment control group performed differently across time according to pretest and posttest results of the Child Behavior Checklist - Parent Version (CBCL) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Additionally, partial η2 was calculated to determine practical significance. Five hypotheses were retained at the .025 level of significance. Findings indicated that parents who participated in the CPRT training reported a statistically significant decrease in parent-child relationship stress. Specifically, parents assigned to the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Child Domain (p < .001), Parent Domain (p < .001), and Total Stress (p < .001) of the PSI when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. Similarly, results indicated that parents assigned to the experimental group reported statistically significant improvements in Total Problems (p < .01) and Externalizing Problems (p = .001) of the CBCL, when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. No statistical significant results were found on Internalizing Problems.
2
Sams-Iheme, Mira. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIEP15793.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women.
The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African- American women were administered. l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African- American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women.
Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Iheme, Mira Sams. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9821010.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine. whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women. The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African-American women were administered. Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African-American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women. Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
4
Battiest, Martha Marie. "A descriptive/analytical study: The impact of aspects of their cultural, social, and educational experiences on a living five-generation black family in the United States, 1893-present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187142.
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This dissertation analyzes a black family's social, cultural, and educational experiences including factors related to their successes and failures during the past century in the United States. These experiences span the eras of segregation, desegregation, and integration. Specifically, the study examines what this family's members view as their strengths and weaknesses and how each has contributed to their high and low levels of achievement in school and society. Such data can be useful and applicable to black families and other cultural groups as they strive to achieve in school and society. This first-hand information can be valuable for identifying the specific issues and problems impacting the families being studied. Findings from these empirical data can contribute to the betterment of schools and society as families, educators, policy makers, and others focus on addressing these issues and seeking solutions to the problems. Sleeter's (1991) research includes varying theoretical views regarding the value of voice and empowerment for the betterment of individuals, education, and society. Ruiz (as cited in Sleeter, 1991) theorizes that having a voice implies not just that people can say things but that they are heard (that is, their words have status and influence), and Banks (as cited in Sleeter, 1991) suggests that "the position of the U.S. as a world leader demands that we deal more effectively and constructively with the enormous cultural differences in our society" (p. 297). Given the cultural diversity within the American population, it is deemed appropriate to include for this black family study an in-depth discussion regarding other families from various cultures, namely, Native Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and Jews. Chapter 2 examines each group's experiences since their initial contact with the Anglo or dominant cultural group. Findings from this family research study can contribute to the betterment of America by providing perspectives to enhance intra/intercultural relationships among various cultural groups in our society. Enhanced familial and cultural relationships can be valuable not only to my family but to other groups and their families as they seek success in school and society.
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Kincaid, Carlye Yates Jones Deborah J. "Maternal psychological control and youth HIV/AIDS risk behavior a study of African American single mother families /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2893.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology Clinical Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Murry, Sherri Linise. "African American adolescent females and the career self-efficacy model." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020176.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a career workshop on the career self-efficacy of a group of African American adolescent females (AAAF). The study assessed the preand post-test differences of treatment and level of parental education for change in career self-efficacy after an intervention. A total of 21 AAAF completed the pre- and post-test of the Career Attitude Survey. The data was analyzed by carrying out four t-tests on each of the two independent groups. The results of the study suggest that the career workshop was more effective for change in career self-efficacy for traditionally female careers. The change was more significant for the treatment group and AAAF with at least one parent with some college education. Implications for research and practice were presented.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
7
Johnson, Beverly Yvonne. "Vocal Self-identification, Singing Style, and Singing Range in Relationship to a Measure of Cultural Mistrust in African-American Adolescent Females." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278339/.
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The purpose was to determine the relationship between high or low cultural mistrust and vocal characteristics in African-American adolescent females. The vocal characteristics were vocal self-identification, singing style, and singing range.
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Lilley, Myron Damon. "An investigation of the importance of spirituality and afrocentricity among African American caregivers: Implications for the mentally ill." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1613.
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Johnson, Cheris Renee. "The relationship between college satisfaction and the variables: Ethnic identity, acculturation, and racial climate among African-American students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1116.
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Pacheco, Michele Hazel. "A qualitative study of Hispanic female college students, indirect experience of domestic violence." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1397.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and coping skills of college Hispanic women who have witnessed domestic violence committed against a family member, a close friend, or have experienced it personally. An interview was conducted to examine the women's attitudes toward the culture's role in the occurence of domestic violence.
11
Cleveland, Jennifer. "Parenting Stress in Mexican American and Caucasian Parents of Children with ADHD." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278573/.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine whether differences exist between reports of parental stress in Mexican American and Caucasian mothers of children with ADHD. A second purpose was to examine whether there were child and family characteristics that made unique contributions to levels of parenting stress in Mexican American parents of children with ADHD. A third purpose was to examine the role that level of acculturation plays in the Mexican American mothers' reports of stress. Dependent measures used in this study include the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
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Huerta-Perales, Patricia Rocio. "The relationship between Mexican-American parenting styles, level of acculturation, and incidence of stress and reports of child abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1625.
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The parenting style, level of acculturation and incidence of stress, were explored in order to identify the likelihood of intervention by child protective services to prevent child abuse. Additionally, concerns of whether reports of child abuse were related more to the lack of information about American parenting rules, rather than intentionally abusive behavior.
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Hawkins, Misty Anne. "Affective traits and adiposity : a prospective, bidirectional analysis of the African American Health study data." Thesis, Proquest, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4840.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Research indicates that negative affective traits (e.g., depression) are predictors and consequences of excess adiposity. Given that racial minorities and positive affective traits have been underrepresented in past investigations, more prospective studies are needed which examine multiple affective traits in relation to obesity in these populations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prospective, bidirectional associations between multiple affective traits and multiple adiposity indicators in African Americans using data from the African American Health (AAH) study. The AAH study is a prospective cohort study of African Americans aged 49-65 years at baseline (N = 998). The longest follow-up period in the current study was 9 years (N = 579). Self-reported and measured body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and body fat percent (BF%) were used as adiposity indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale. Positive affective traits were assessed with the Vitality subscale of the Short Form-36 and Positive Affect subscale from the CES-D. Latent variable path analysis, a structural equation modeling technique, was conducted. Although fit statistics indicated that the models fit the data (RMSEA < .06), examination of the structural paths revealed that the CES-D and GAD-2 were not predictors or consequences of self-reported BMI, measured BMI, or BF% (ps > .05). Likewise, Vitality and CES-D Positive Affect were not related to any adiposity indicator (ps > .05). The results of this prospective cohort study suggest that affective traits are not predictors or consequences of adiposity in middle-aged African Americans and that this group may require obesity prevention or intervention programs with little to no emphasis on affective traits. Possible explanations for the current results include ethnic differences in the mechanistic pathways between affective traits and adiposity.
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Bouwer, Andre. "Die bepaling van die psigometriese eienskappe van die Gesinskoherensie-vraelys en die Gesinsfunksioneringsvraelys vir gebruik onder Noord-Sothos." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49914.
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Thesis (MA)- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Family Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (FSoC) for use among Northern Sothos. Antonovsky and Sourani developed the FSoC-questionnaire to measure the sense of coherence of families. The family sense of coherence is based on the individual sense of coherence construct, which was developed by Antonovsky. According to Antonovsky, families with a strong sense of coherence will function better than families with a weak sense of coherence. Therefore family functioning was used as criteria to validate the external validity of the FSoC-questionnaire. Olson, Russell and Sprenkle developed the Family Attachment and Changeability Index (FACI-8) to measure family functioning according to the Circumplex model. For the purpose of this study the two questionnaires were translated to Sepedi (the language of the Northern Sotho). The reliability of the two questionnaires was assessed by means of Cronbach-alpha coefficients. The construct validity of the two questionnaires was assessed by means of JOreskog's Goodness of Fit Index (GFI). The statistical analysis was done with Statistica 6 software. The results drawn from the present study indicates that the FSoC-questionnaire is not a reliable and valid instrument to measure families' sense of coherence among Northern Sothos. Significant high correlations with the FACI-8 however, indicated that the FSoC might be considered for use among Northern Sothos, if only the total scores are taken into consideration. The FACI-8 however, proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure family functioning according to the Circumplex model among Northern Sothos. The conclusions drawn from the present study are that the FACI-8 is a suitable instrument for use among the Northern Sothos, whereas the FSoC-questionnaire is not.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die huidige ondersoek was om die psigometriese eienskappe van die Gesinskoherensie-vraelys (FSoC) wat deur Antonovsky en Sourani ontwikkel was, vir gebruik onder Noord-Sothos te bepaal. Om hierdie doeleindes te bereik, was die Gesinsfunksioneringsvraelys (FACI-8) wat deur McCubbin, Thompson en Elver ontwikkel was, as 'n kriterium gebruik om die eksterne geldigheid van die FSoC-vraelys te valideer. Die FACI-8 meet gesinsfunksionering volgens die Kontekstuele-model van gesinsfunksionering, wat deur Olson, Russell en Sprenkle ontwikkel was. Volgens Antonovsky sal gesinne wat oor 'n sterk ontwikkelde koherensiesin beskik, beter funksioneer as gesinne wat oor 'n swak ontwikkelde koherensiesin beskik. Gevolglik was gesinsfunksionering as 'n maatstaf van gesinskoherensie gebruik. Die vraelyste moes eers na Sepedi (die taal van die Noorcl-Sotho) vertaal word, alvorens die vraelyste afgeneem kon word. Die betroubaarheid van die vraelyste was deur middel van Cronbach-alfa koêffisiênte bereken. Die konstrukgeldigheid van die vraelyste was deur middel van JOreskog se Passingstoets bepaal. Die statistiese verwerkings was deur middel van die Statistica 6 rekenaarprogram behartig. Die resultate van die huidige ondersoek dui daarop dat die FSoC-vraelys met omsigtigheid benader moet word vir gebruik onder Noord-Sothos. Die FSoCvraelys het nie bevredigende betroubaarheids- en geldigheidsindekse gelewer nie. Die FSoC-vraelys het wel eksterne geldigheid getoon, wanneer dit met die FACI-8 gevalideer was. Die FACI-8 het betroubare en geldige metings van gesinsfunksionering volgens die Kontekstuele-model onder Noord-Sothos in die huidige ondersoek gelewer. Die gevolgtrekkings wat op grond van die huidige ondersoek gemaak word, is dat die FSoC-vraelys nie bruikbaar is onder Noorcl-Sothos nie, terwyl die FACI-8 wel gebruik kan word om gesinsfunksionering onder Noord-Sothos te meet.
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Temple, Jeff R. "Effects of Partner Violence and Psychological Abuse on Women's Mental Health Over Time." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5340/.
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This study examined the distinct effects of partner violence and psychological abuse on women's mental health over time. Latent growth modeling was used to examine stability and change over time, evaluating the course and consequences of each form of abuse. The size of women's social support network was examined as a mediator. The sample consisted of 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women. Participants who completed Waves 1, 2, 3, and 5 were included in the study (n = 585). In general, partner violence decreased over time for all groups, while psychological abuse decreased over time for only Euro-American women. Whereas initial and prolonged exposure to psychological abuse was related to and directly impacted women's mental health, partner violence was only related to initial levels of mental health. Surprisingly, social support was only related to initial violence and distress and had no impact on the rate of change over time. These results have important implications for researchers and health care professionals. First, differences in the pattern of results were found for each ethnic group, reaffirming the notion that counselors and researchers must be sensitive to multicultural concerns in both assessment and intervention. For example, psychological abuse had a greater impact on the mental health of African American and Mexican American women than it did for Euro-American women, suggesting a shift in focus depending on the ethnicity of the client may be warranted. Second, this longitudinal study highlights the importance of future research to considerer individual differences in treating and studying victimized women. Understanding factors that contribute to individual trajectories will help counselors gain insight into the problem and in devising plans to prevent or reduce the occurrence and negative health impact of partner abuse.
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Lotter, Jaclyn Oehley. "A narrative analysis of young black South African women's stories about the recent divorce of their parents." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002520.
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The global rise in divorce since the 1960s has brought into question the idealised view of the nuclear family which has for centuries been awarded special status in western societies and has been regarded as the primary social institution. According to contemporary research parental divorce has become a reality for every one in six children in South Africa. Until recently, little consideration had been given to how divorce affects black South African families, as it was considered to be an occurrence which only took place in white, mainly middle-class, families. The proportion of black South African couples divorcing has been increasing over the past decade, and in 2008 was said to contribute to 35% of all divorce in South Africa. Most research to date on the children of divorce has focused on young white children and adolescents and is largely concerned with those who have found parental divorce particularly difficult, and are manifesting adjustment and other behavioural problems. The research which has been done on the effects of parental divorce on young adults focuses mainly on clinical studies with middle-class families based either in the United States or in the United Kingdom. This research, using an experience-centred, life-story narrative approach, explores the stories which young black South African adult women between the ages of 18 and 25 tell, to give account to the ways in which recent parental divorce has affected their lives, views on family life, and what it has meant to them. The use of an experience-centred, life-story narrative approach allows for a process of rupture, acceptance and re-storying to be accounted for, as the participant’s narrative shifts from past, to present and the future. Five young black women from a South African university each participated in two narratively sequenced semi-structured interviews based on McAdams’ personal narratives protocol, which includes six core themes, namely: Key Events, Significant People, Stresses and Problems, Personal Meanings and Life-Lessons, Future Script, and Life Theme. Crossley’s narrative analysis was then used to identify emergent themes and images in each individual narrative, after which they were woven together into a coherent story linked to previous literature. This study found that divorce involves a highly complex transition and reconfiguration process perhaps not fully accounted for in the existing idea and images associated with it. Despite being young adult women who had moved away from home and were engaged in their own lives, it became apparent that parental divorce was still a difficult and complicated experience, but that it is possible to tell both pessimistic and optimistic stories of parental divorce and its consequences.
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Weiss, Emily Michelle. "Sleep and Young Children's Development of Self-Regulation and Academic Skills." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4081.
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School readiness incorporates children's academic abilities and their ability to self-regulate in the classroom. Prior research shows that sleep is related to children's development of these skills, although the mechanisms through which sleep affects school readiness are not well understood. Research also indicates that economically disadvantaged children and children of color may have poorer academic and regulatory skills at school entry and may sleep less and sleep less well on a regular basis.
The current study explores the role of sleep quantity and quality in young children's development of two skills critical for school success: self-regulation and academic abilities. This study intentionally focuses on a predominantly African-American, economically disadvantaged population, who may be at risk for greater sleep-related difficulties and lower school-related skills at kindergarten entry. It was hypothesized that a) young children with higher quantity and quality of sleep would show greater development of academic skills and self-regulation across one calendar year, b) the role of sleep in the development of these abilities would be relatively stronger among kindergarteners than among 1st graders, and c) the role of sleep quality and quantity in young children's development of academic abilities would be partially explained by the relation between sleep and self-regulation. Results provide mixed support for the hypotheses, indicating that sleep quality and quantity relate differentially to different school-related skills among kindergarteners and 1st graders. This study contributes research to help explain how and why sleep affects young children and may offer insights for caregivers and educators working to help children develop school-related skills.
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Paljevic, Miro. "Division of Labor within the Household: The Experience of Bosnian Immigrant Women in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1421.
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This research study examines the impact of international migration of household labor for Bosnian immigrant women living in Portland, Oregon. Bosnia is a society with enduring patriarchal traditions which assume that women are in charge of doing household chores. Men are in charge of providing for the family monetarily. Many Bosnian families migrated to the U.S. in the mid 1990's in order to escape the war in Bosnia. In this study I interview 10 of these Bosnian women, concerning the division of labor in their homes in Bosnia and their homes in U.S. After migrating to the U.S. the amount of work women did within the home lessened as their husbands became more involved in helping with various chores. The changes in the division of household labor did not subvert traditional gender roles. Wives transferred and adapted their views of gender performativity after they migrated to the United States. The results are consistent with research that states that migrant women focus more on advancement of their family rather on their own emancipation.
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Nwagbara, Francis Ikefule. "Perception of domestic violence among Nigerian immigrants in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2773.
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Nigerian immigrants have been largely excluded from studies on issues relating to immigrants living in American society. This study examines the perception of domestic violence among Nigerians and their help seeking counseling for behavior problems.
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Mabasa, Langutani Francinah. "The psychological impact of infertility on African women and their families." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/974.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the experience of infertility of African women, men and family member. It is hoped that this description will contribute to a deeper
understanding of the psychosocial difficulties involved in the area of infertility and ofthe ways in which people respond to the situation of infertility. A qualitative research approach was used, and in particular social constructivist-interpretive research and feminist research approaches. The sample consisted of39 participants: 19 women,
10 men, and 10 family members faced with infertility. The research orientation was field-based, concerned with collecting data using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews. Each participant was interviewed individually. The interviews were recorded on tape, transcribed in their full length and translated into English. Data were
analysed on the basis of the interpretive feminist approach. Analysis of individual cases and crosscase analysis were employed.
The findings suggested a contextual definition of infertility, for example, for some, having had an ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage meant that they did not fit into the definition of infertility. The
findings revealed that for many African women and men, blood ties still defined the family and the persona. Thus, failure to have a blood child resulted in courtship and marital break up, extramarital
relationships, polygamy, and divorce and remarriage.
Infertility had serious psychosocial consequences for both the infertile individuals and their families. Participants experienced repeated periods of existential crisis, which began at different points for different participants. Analysis of gender differences indicated similarities in the experience of the crisis, but differences in terms of expression and ways of responding to the crisis. Family dynamics within the context of infertility were coloured by ambivalent feelings, resentment, insensitivity, and miscommunication, but also affection, and social support. Traditional and modern medical health systems offered the possibility of finding explanations and treatment, but
there was further strain from the negative experiences with the health care system. The findings in this study suggested the need for policy reformulation, for psychosocial intervention as part of the treatment plan, and for future research on the outcome of using various
coping strategies.Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)
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Mtalane, Lissah Joyce Themba. "The experiences of death and dying of Zulu patients, their families and caregivers." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7097.
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This thesis studies the impact of the terminal illness and
awareness of undergoing the dying process and inevitable death, at
the KwaZulu Government hospital Ngwelezana, at Empangeni in the
Lower Umfolozi District. A case study, drawing both upon nursing
and social anthropology, was conducted to establish the
experiences of death and dying of Zulu patients, their families
and caregivers. The basic trend reflected in the findings is the
need to discuss dying with patients, the lack of skills and
knowledge on the part of caregivers, lack of recognition of
patients' cultural beliefs. The study does not claim to deal with
a complete spectrum of the experiences of death and dying of all
Zulus but is a meaningful and significant innovation into an
unresearched area of patient care.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.
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Dorsey, Shannon. "Coparenting conflict in single parent African American families the role of maternal psychological functioning and social support /." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/dorsey%5Fshannon%5F200305%5Fphd.
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Jenkins, Sandra Kay 1956. "Low income African American adolescent girl's eating choices." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3259.
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The aim of this exploratory qualitative study is to identify the problems African American adolescent girls face in making eating choices and to learn how they make decisions about eating. Differences related to culture and socioeconomic status influences, and decision-making strategies were explored. Three sites in African American communities were selected for focus groups and individual adolescent girl-parent dyad interviews for data collection. Data were gathered in 5 focus groups and 4 individual adolescent girl-parent dyad interviews with African American adolescents (n=30). Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory (EST) provided the conceptual framework for informing the analysis and interpretation of the data. Using grounded theory methods, the researcher identified the core variable or basic psychosocial problem that faced the participants was receiving mixed messages. Low income African American adolescent girls receive mixed messages about nutrition, health and foods from their microsystems that are comprised of friends and family, and from macrosystems that include textbooks and the media. Filtering the mixed messages is the basic psychosocial process that low income African American girls use to handle the barrage of mixed messages they receive from their microsystems and macrosystems regarding eating choices and exosystem influences. The process of filtering the mixed messages is comprised of five phases: Applying a lens, surveying available resources, weighing influences, then choosing alternating eating strategies and evaluating their eating choices. How the adolescent girl applies a lens, surveys resources and weighs the influences together impact the alternating eating strategies that they implement. Over time they evaluate the effectiveness of their eating choices.text
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Muchesa, Oleander. "Exploring family resilience in urban Shona Christian families in Zimbabwe." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19915.
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This study addresses the factors that assist families towards family adaptation during adversities and contribute to family resilience. The study aimed to identify, describe and explore family resilience factors that enable urban Shona Christian families to withstand life crises in the midst of a society facing economic hardships and manage to bounce back from these challenges. The study also sought to reach out to families facing challenges and who are struggling to adapt and recover from their challenges. The Resiliency model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation was used as a theoretical framework for this study (McCubbin, Thompson & McCubbin, 2001).
A quantitative method was employed. A total of 106 participants including parents and adolescents from 53 families independently completed 6 questionnaires including a biographical questionnaire. The questionnaires measured family adaptation and aspects of family functioning in accordance with the Resiliency model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation. The data collected was subjected to correlation regression analysis which was computed using SPSS to identify family resilience factors that assisted families in family adaptation.
The results showed that family adaptation was fostered by first, the family’s internal strengths; affirming and less incendiary communication; passive appraisal; and control over life events and hardships. Secondly, the family’s external strengths; seeking spiritual support; social support from within the community; and mobilising the family to acquire community resources and accept help from others. These findings could be used to develop interventions that promote family resilience and establish the potential of family members within a family when facing adversities.Psychology
M.A. (Social Science)
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Williams, Jeannetta Gwendolyn. "Forewarning: a tool to disrupt stereotype threat effects." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2088.
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Mosue, Letta M. "The role of the dead-living in the African family system." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3816.
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Prosper, Tasha. "Promoting Activism: The Relationship of Racism-related Stress, Spirituality and Religious Orientation to Mental Health and Activism among African Americans." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8T459H6.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the election of a Black President and media assertions at the time heralding a “post racial” America in which racial divides no longer exist, health disparities, poverty rates, incarceration rates, discrimination and educational inequality still are a daily reality for African Americans. African Americans still have the burden of having to cope with racism making the explorations of coping strategies for African Americans dealing with racism vitally important.
The present study explored religious orientation, spirituality, race-related stress, mental health outcomes and activism for African Americans. In particular, race -related stress was predicted to be significantly predictive of activism, such that the more one has experienced race related stressors the more likely they would be activated to engage in social justice related activities (H1). The study predicted that higher levels of quest religious orientation and intrinsic spirituality would be related to higher levels of African American activism (H2a). It was also predicted that higher levels of religious fundamentalism would be related to lower levels of activism (H2b). Regarding the relationship of spirituality and activism to mental health, it was predicted that quest religious orientation and intrinsic spirituality and activism would be related to greater mental health outcomes (H3a), while a fundamentalist spiritual orientation and race-related stress would be related of poorer mental health (H3b). It was also predicted that African American activism would be related to greater mental health outcomes (H4a) and that racism-related stress would be negatively related to mental health (H4b)
The results indicated that for this sample, none of the spirituality variables (Quest Orientation, Fundamentalism Orientation, and Intrinsic Spirituality), nor the experience of racism (race-related stress), nor African American Activism, was related to mental health. However, the variables examined were significantly related to African American Activism. Quest Religious Orientation, Intrinsic spirituality, and race-related stress were all positively related to engagement in action for racial justice. Fundamentalist religious orientation was negatively related to action for social justice.
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Berntson, Jessica. "Depressive Symptom Severity, Stressful Life Events, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in African American Adults." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/8476.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Prospective epidemiologic evidence indicates that both stressful life events (SLEs) and depression are associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Even though stressful life events (SLEs) and depression co-occur and may act together to influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, these psychosocial factors have been mainly examined in isolation. For instance, depression may moderate the relationship between SLEs and CVD outcomes. I hypothesized that depressive symptoms would potentiate the deleterious effect of SLEs on subclinical atherosclerosis. This hypothesis is plausible, given that depressed adults exhibit exaggerated and prolonged sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and inflammatory responses to stress, which in turn could promote atherosclerosis. As compared to their nondepressed counterparts, depressed individuals may also be more likely to engage in maladaptive methods to cope with SLEs (e.g., increased tobacco use, alcohol use, and consumption of low-nutrient, energy dense foods), which could also promote atherosclerosis. I examined cross-sectional data from 274 to 279 (depending on the outcome measure) older, African American adults (mean age = 66 years, 67% female) with no evidence of clinical CVD or dementia who participated in the St. Louis African American Health-Heart study (2009–2011). Number of SLEs was assessed using the Life Events Calendar, a structured interview. From this interview, a continuous SLEs variable was computed (number of adult SLEs: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11+). Severity of depression symptoms was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Two measures of subclinical atherosclerosis were obtained: carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT; assessed by ultrasonography) and coronary artery calcification (CAC; assessed by multi-detector computerized tomography). I conducted linear (CIMT) and logistic (CAC) regression models, first adjusted for demographics (age, sex, education) and then fully-adjusted (demographics; mean arterial pressure; low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); hemoglobin A1c; BMI; tobacco use; diabetes diagnosis; and use of antihypertensitve, lipid lowering, antidiabetic, and antidepressant medications). No main effects of SLEs or HAM-D were found for CIMT or CAC. There were also no SLEs by HAM-D interactions for CIMT or CAC. Because the current results are largely inconsistent with prior literature and there is a paucity of studies utilizing African American samples, future research is needed to examine the independent and interactive associations of SLEs and depressive symptoms with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. If the present results are replicated, it may suggest that SLEs, depressive symptoms, and their interactive effect are not cardiotoxic among African American adults.
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Moss, Susara Maria. "Exploring family resilience amongst South African social work client families." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3405.
Full textAbstract:
Family resilience is the ability of a family to rebound from adversities, often stronger than before. To
be knowledgeable on the characteristics and processes that render individuals and their families
resilient, contribute to family well-being.
Using a qualitative research approach and an interview guide, the researcher focused on developing a
better understanding of the manifestation of family resilience as part of a family’s ability to adapt to
changing circumstances and life in its dynamic form. Family resilience as an interactive process over
time, normalizes resilience as part of the day to day living of the family and its members, including the
young and the old.
The domains of family resilience are, organizational patterns, adaptability, protective processes
(including family risks, family strengths and protective/buffering factors), communication processes
and family belief systems that, in synergy with one another, render families resilient.
The research results confirmed the presence of characteristics and processes of family resilience
amongst social work client families in South Africa. Depending on the challenges families my face, all
families are either more resilient or less resilient. The latter most often needing additional support, such
as social work intervention.
South African policies should be family-focused and urge for a strengths-based approach towards
enhancing family resilience and ultimately family well-being. Service providers need to give
recognition to the fact that all families have challenges that need to be faced, but that families also have
strengths to be drawn-upon to address and overcome these challenges. This implies that social work
interventions that impact on the lives of families, should be rendered from a family resilience
perspective and strengths-based approach, with the family as focal point for service delivery.Social Science
M.A. (Social Work)
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Crowder, Sharron Johnson. "Illness representations and self-management behaviors of African American adolescents with asthma." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3617.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)African American adolescents have inadequate self-management behaviors, particularly during middle adolescence (14-16 years of age). Inaccurate beliefs, degree of asthma impairment (well controlled or not well controlled), and gender could influence asthma self-management (symptom management, medication management, and environmental control). The researcher used the illness representations concept from the common sense self-regulation model as the framework for this study. The descriptive correlational study explored (1) differences in illness representations (cognitive and emotional) and self-management behaviors by gender, asthma impairment, and gender by asthma impairment of African American adolescents with asthma; and (2) relationships between illness representations and asthma self-management behaviors, gender, and asthma impairment in 133 African American adolescents with asthma. Data were collected using the Asthma Control Test, the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised, and the Asthma Self-Care Practice Instrument. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, MANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions. Findings indicated that females whose asthma was not well controlled had more beliefs about the chronicity of their asthma than those who were well controlled. However, there were no differences in such beliefs among males whose asthma was not well controlled from those who were well controlled. Well controlled adolescents differed from not well controlled adolescents for cognitive representations of cyclic timeline, treatment control, psychological attributes, and consequences as well as for emotional representations. There were no significant differences in the means of the self-management behaviors by gender, by asthma impairment, or by gender by asthma impairment. A significant bivariate relationship was found between representations of identity, consequences, treatment control, and symptom management. In the multiple regression model, representations of treatment control and consequences contributed to variances in symptom management; however, no other representations, gender, or asthma impairment variables were statistically significant. The representations, gender, and asthma impairment variables did not contribute to variances in medication management or environmental control. Limited studies have been conducted with African American adolescents with asthma; therefore, the findings will contribute information to the literature on their illness representations and self-management behaviors. The findings also contribute to the literature information based on adolescents' genders and levels of asthma impairment.
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Glover, Tina Marie. "Exploration of culturally proficient mental health assessment and treatment practices of Black/African American clients." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29729.
Full textAbstract:
Changing trends within the mental health system treatment practices demand exploration of the cultural context of assessment and treatment of Black/African Americans. Culturally competent assessments include a realistic integration of historical context. Clinicians counseling Black/African Americans must be prepared to assess and address PTSD, racial trauma, micro-aggressions, and other known (or unknown) issues that may affect Black/African Americans. In addition, clinicians must be prepared for the depth and permanence of race-based stress and trauma, as well as the idea that said stress and trauma can result from unaddressed environmental, familial, and/or individual factors.
The purpose of this study is to explore cultural competence in the practices of clinicians working with Black/African Americans clients as it relates to assessment, treatment and engagement. Through the exploration of current multicultural
counseling and assessment trends, the study explores the origins of stress and trauma in American descendents of African slaves, and proposes an evaluation of clinicians' mental health assessment for PTSD with said clients based on those implications. Exploring to what extent a culturally-proficient clinician engages Black/African Americans clients from initial through on-going assessment and treatment process in conjunction with the professional literature on treatment practices, research suggests that Black/African American clients do suffer from intergenerational trauma and are often mis- or under-diagnosed for mental health issues. With proper assessment of Black/African Americans, the reduction of misdiagnosed or under diagnosed cases of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as other mental health conditions will occur.Graduation date: 2012
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Abbyad, Christine Weir. "Processes used by urban black women to prepare for childbirth : a grounded theory." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17722.
Full textAbstract:
Women prepare for childbirth in a variety ways. These preparations include visits to healthcare providers, seeking information from family, friends, and the media, and attendance at childbirth classes. Documentation of birth preparation comes primarily from studies of middle class white women. Few researchers have identified or included middle class black women in their samples. Instead, research with black women often highlights pregnancy problems in low income populations. Also unexamined, except tangentially, is how the social context impacts childbirth for black women. Therefore, nursing practice knowledge lacks an understanding of the processes black women use to prepare for birthing within their social context. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify a theory that described the processes used by urban black women to prepare for childbirth. Also explored was the social context within which these processes occurred. Women in the last four months of pregnancy were recruited through churches, hair salons, newspapers, radio and internet web sites. Data were collected from five focus groups and two individual interviews (n=22). More than half the women reported income adequate for daily needs, were partnered or married, were employed, had at least a high school education and were younger than 23 years. Data analysis followed the grounded theory methods advocated by Strauss and Corbin (1998). The theory describing the processes used by the participants was weighing the impact on me. These women actively engaged in determining the best course of action for themselves. They weighed and considered advice from others, what relationships were crucial, what information was most important to them, and many other issues. Woven throughout were the importance of relationships and the social context in which the women lived. The processes used for birth preparation were divided into four, discovering pregnancy, managing pregnancy, preparing for delivery, and experiencing personal change. These processes were not sequential but represented the dynamic and constant need to assess and decide the best choices in preparing for childbirth. Building on this theory, future research should identify ways in which black women can more readily access the quality healthcare and services they so desire.text
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Tengimfene, Nikelwa F. "The work-family conflict experienced by South African women of different race groups : a phenomenological study." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3181.
Full textAbstract:
The family roles and responsibilities are still allocated along the gender lines. Women assume primary
child care and household roles despite working fulltime. They suffer from work-family conflict as they
battle with these competing demands. A phenomenological approach was adopted for this study. The
existing literature was used in defining work-family conflict, looking at different work-family theories;
development of gendered defined roles, motherhood and demands brought on by women working
fulltime. The semi-structured interview was used for data collection. The themes which emerged showed
that women experience strong emotions associated with raising children whilst working. There is
compromise on quality time dedicated in each role. Women assume sole custodian over their children’s
upbringing. Women enter into a second shift after work. Having a career and children, is made easier
through adoption of strong coping strategies and mechanisms. The conclusions and recommendations
were made for future a research and organisational practices.Industrial and Organisational Psychology
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psycology))
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Mdunge, Nomsombuluko Sybil. "An investigation into social factors influencing poor uptake of HIV counselling and testing (HCT) services by middle-aged black men (35- 49 years of age) in Pimville, Soweto." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9488.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the social factors influencing the poor uptake of HIV Testing and Counselling (HCT) services by middle-aged black men in Pimville, Soweto. A qualitative research approach was used for this study in which ten men and two key informants were interviewed. Themes explored were the participants’ biographical characteristics, knowledge of HIV and AIDS, health-seeking behaviours, understanding of multiple sexual partnerships, male circumcision, and challenges in using HCT services. Various social behaviour change theories formed the theoretical framework guiding this study. It was found that fear, stigma and cultural factors are major reasons for the poor HCT uptake. Despite the men’s high HIV risk perceptions, behaviour change lags behind. Greater efforts to establish a men’s forum to discuss sexual health matters in Pimville are recommended.Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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Talitwala, Elizabeth Mutheu. "Fathers' parenting strategies: their influence on young people's social relationships." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1209.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims at exploring how fathers' parenting strategies and the relationship they have with their children influences the children's ability to form other relationships outside the home. The study is based on parenting strategies identified by Diana Baumrind.
Reviewed literature state that where a relationship between the father and his children is good, the children are more confident, stable and secure and therefore able to form seemingly stable social relationships. Where the relationship between father and his children is unhealthy, the children may be unsure of themselves and find it harder to form relationship outside the home. The parenting strategy resulting in the best relationships between the father and his children is the authoritative parenting strategy. Authoritative fathers set rules and follow them through while allowing dialogue. They encourage the development of self-identity and are lovingly involved in their children's lives.
All participating fathers in this study have a son and daughter in the age range 13 to 25 years and all are able to communicate in English. The four participating fathers are from different ethnic groups, religious faith and professions. For each father interviewed, a son and a daughter were interviewed too.
The same father parenting strategies identified in the literature were identified in this study. Three fathers fit the description of the authoritative parental strategy. Their six children agree that their relationships with their fathers are good. Even though these fathers are strict, they are loving and therefore the children feel secure and confident. These children are able to form stable relationships outside the home. The fourth father is an abusive father whose relationship with his children is unhealthy. His children are not very secure and are withdrawn. They have very few friends because they are afraid of the repercussions from friends discovering they have problems with their father.
This study is a door opener in an area with little documented research namely parenting strategies in Africa in general and fathering strategies in particular. There is a need to explore the field further in order to develop training and care-giving structures based on African parental voices.Psychology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)