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Markova, Elena A. "Precious resources of Dark Continent: a New Status of African Literature or Regional Augment to World National Literatures?" Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 6 (November 2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-20.307.
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This article examines literary works of bilingual authors in Nigeria, who create their own national cultural worldviews through the language in which they write, thereby explaining why English in Nigeria is influenced by Nigerian culture. Nigeria is a country that has witnessed a cross-flow of linguistic change due to its inherent multilingualism combined with colonial experiences under British rule, a country where ethnic minorities were referred to as “oil minorities”. Although only two languages are recognized as official languages in Nigeria — Yoruba and English –the problem of multilingualism in Nigeria today remains unexplored, and where there is language contact, there must be a language conflict. Indeed, contiguous languages are often competitive languages and there is no language contact without language conflict. Moreover, the problem of linguistic contact and linguistic conflict exists at three different but interrelated levels: social, psychological and linguistic. The social aspect is related to such issues as the choice of language and its use, the psychological — to the attitude towards language, ethnicity, while the linguistic aspects are focused on the code switching, the donor language intervention, which the English language is. The language conflict has influenced the literary work of Nigerian writers writing in English, which has become an exoglossic language, superimposed on the indigenous languages of the Nigerian peoples. Thus, bilingualism in Nigeria can be considered semi-exoglossic, including English coupled with language mixing.
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Ratele, K. "The Interior Life of Mtutu: Psychological Fact or Fiction?" South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 3 (September 2005): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500310.
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This article seeks to understand the routes to, and pasts, possibilities and forms of, the interior world of the African or black person in its relations to the politics and economy of superiority and separation. The world that is explored is primarily sexual, and therefore, incorporates embodied life, but of necessity widens to include affective, cognitive, and purposeful aspects. In the face of the scarcity of scholarly psychological literature in the area of the intimate lives of black individuals, particularly when seen against the backcloth of colonial and apartheid arrangements, the article begins by arguing for the importance of turning to other, imaginative, sources for help in trying to comprehend African interiors. It then turns to meanings of intimacy on which interiority is indexed, going on to discuss the notion in relation to the social, political and economic history of South Africa, while taking in the notion of soul along the way. Next, the interest of colonial and apartheid regimes in intimacy is traced, showing that this interest stretched beyond interpersonal relations to the very calculus of discrimination and domination. The article concludes by urging African scholars to take black inner life a little more seriously and without abandoning creativity, still locating such efforts within radical and ethical theoretical frameworks.
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Underwood, Martie S., Stephen J. Bright, and B. Les Lancaster. "A narrative review of the pharmacological, cultural and psychological literature on ibogaine." Journal of Psychedelic Studies 5, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2054.2021.00152.
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AbstractIbogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid contained in the West African plant Tabernanthe iboga. Although preliminary, evidence suggests that ibogaine could be effective in the treatment of certain substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. This narrative review concentrated on the pharmacological, cultural and psychological aspects of ibogaine that contribute to its reputed effectiveness with a specific focus on the ibogaine state of consciousness. Although the exact pharmacological mechanisms for ibogaine are still speculative, the literature highlighted its role as an NMDA antagonist in the effective treatment of substance use disorders. The cultural aspects associated with the use of ibogaine pose questions around the worldview of participants as experienced in the traditional and western contexts, which future research should clarify. From a psychological perspective, the theory that the ibogaine state of consciousness resembles REM sleep is questionable due to evidence that indicated ibogaine supressed REM sleep, and contradictory evidence in relation to learning and memory. The suggested classification of the ibogaine experience as oneirophrenic also seems inadequate as it only describes the first phase of the ibogaine experience. The ibogaine experience does however present characteristics consistent with holotropic states of consciousness, and future research could focus on exploring and potentially classifying the state of consciousness induced by ibogaine as holotropic.
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Musasa, Tinashe, and Padhma Moodley. "THE ROLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTECEDENTS AND CONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS IN DETERMINING CONSUMER DECISION MAKING STYLES OF SOUTH AFRICAN MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 4 (2020): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2020.08.04.006.
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Studies on consumer decision making styles largely focused on determining and replicating these to varying contexts. Literature remains limited on what underlying psychological variables lead to the manifestation of consumer decision making styles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of psychological antecedents and consumer innovativeness in determining consumer decision making styles of millennials in South Africa. A quantitative survey of 320 South African millennials through social groups was utilized. Non-probability convenience sampling determined selection of participants. Reliability statistics were applied to substantiate the effectiveness of this study’s questionnaire and data collection approach. Presentation and interpretation of data were achieved through descriptive and inferential statistics respectively. Findings of this study confirmed that psychological antecedents and consumer innovativeness pose either direct or inverse relationships on consumer decision making styles. Two classifications of consumer decision making styles (utilitarian or hedonic) were discovered to be directed by distinctive sets of psychological antecedents and consumer innovativeness. Findings of this study will assist marketers and mall managers in better understanding what aspects of shopping drive their patrons and how they can best serve them to ensure sustainability.
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Bester, Michelle, Yolanda Havenga, and Zea Ligthelm. "Practices employed by South African healthcare providers to obtain consent for treatment from children." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 5 (August 12, 2016): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016660878.
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Background: The ability to consent promotes children’s access to health services. Healthcare providers should assess and arrive at a clinical judgement about the child’s maturity and mental capacity to obtain valid consent. Research objective: The objective of the study was to determine practices employed by South African healthcare providers to obtain consent for treatment from children. Research design: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive research design was used and the study was contextual. Participants and research context: In all, 24 healthcare providers (professional nurses and medical practitioners) were purposively sampled from a hospital and primary health clinics. Semi-structured interviews were used. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board and gatekeepers. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Findings: Healthcare providers’ current practices in obtaining consent from children revealed inconsistency in implementation as well as the yardstick used to determine children’s mental capacity. Building trust with children, sharing information and assessment were interlinked in obtaining consent. Discussion: The inconsistent practice has implications for children’s access to healthcare services. Conclusion: Inconsistent practices in the implementation of consent laws have the potential to violate children’s rights to bodily and psychological integrity, access to health services and having their opinions heard and be taken into consideration. Through uncovering the current perceptions and practices and a literature review, guidelines intended for use by the Department of Health could be developed.
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Salem, Haya, and Suhad Daher-Nashif. "Psychosocial Aspects of Female Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186802.
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Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.
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Hall, Trevor, Pieter Basson Pieter Basson, and Jon Patricios Jon Patricios. "South African professional Super Rugby players’ lived experiences of career-related traumatic injuries: A descriptive phenomenological analysis." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8622.
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Background: Historically, non-career-ending traumatic rugby injury (TRI) has been viewed from a predominantly biological perspective. However, dimensional perspectives, such as the biopsychosocial model, have highlighted the need to incorporate psychosocial understandings of TRI into treatment plans.
Aim: To describe the lived experiences of a cohort of traumatically injured South African Super Rugby players in order to add to the body of literature on the subject of TRI experience.
Methods: The employment of a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological method was used to achieve the research outcome.
Discussion: Common descriptive themes indicated that TRI seems to exist within three stages: the initial, emotional and subsequent reactions to the traumatic injury. Sub-themes described within each stage included attempts at remaining positive and appraising the severity of the injury during onset, fear responses and concomitant feelings of loss related to foregone career opportunities during the emotional reactions stage, the employment of coping mechanisms, and relying on specific support structures during subsequent reactions. Two novel experiences revealed within this study and not reported in the international literature included the injured players’ reliance on compartmentalisation and positive religious belief structures as coping strategies. All themes were reduced to descriptive phenomenological essences that describe a lifeworld or biopsychosocial experience of TRI.
Conclusion: Themes drawn from this study can be applied in the future design and implementation of expanded studies and psychological interventions aimed at assisting traumatically injured rugby players during their recovery process. The identified themes affirm aspects from the international literature while highlighting some uniquely South African outcomes.
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Awhefeada, Sunny. "Motherhood and Sundry Preoccupations in Hope Eghagha's." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001006.
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A significant motif in African poetry which critics have ignored over the years is that of motherhood. This theme has been explored by many an African writer, depicting its various manifestations – physically, psychologically, and spiritually. However, the metaphoric aggregation of the many aspects of maternity has not been met with the appropriate critical response. The aim of this study is to examine the foregrounding of motherhood in Hope Eghagha's . What is revealed is not a romanticization of motherhood, but a tear-glazed threnodic articulation of a mother's last moments on earth, though with telling glances at the past which poeticize the essence of motherhood. Also discernible in this collection are other sundry themes which, often with a certain cynicism, re-create the nature of humanity, complementing Eghagha's versification of motherhood. These themes – greed, wickedness, love, betrayal – are largely ignored in the evaluation of African poetry. The present study excavates them, arguing that they deserve critical articulation for African poetry to be seen as representing life as it is lived and experienced.
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Cloete, N. "Psychological afflictions as expressed in Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions." Literator 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2000): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v21i1.439.
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This article refutes the glib generalization about the lack of psychological sensitivity so often attributed to Africans by examining female suffering manifesting itself in nervous afflictions as a result of colonialism and patriarchy as portrayed in these two novels. It is argued that the overriding theme of A Question of Power (1973) is the struggle of a displaced, marginalised woman for what she perceives as her rights in a hostile world. In similar vein, Dangarembga reveals in Nervous Conditions (1988) how patriarchy coupled with colonialism, causes different kinds of psychological afflictions in her female protagonists. In this article the thematically interpretive discourse-analytical method is employed to focus on the autobiographical mode used in the novels under discussion, while special attention is paid to characterization and stylistic aspects. The investigation exposes both similarities and dissimilarities in the writers’ handling of this universal problem. Moreover, Head and Dangarembga are hailed for breaking new ground in moving beyond the confines of their own literary conventions, while simultaneously destroying the social silencing and political disenfranchisement traditionally experienced by women of colour.
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Sebbowa, Dorothy, and William Majani. "Dialogues over decolonisation in East Africa: A case study of history education in Uganda." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej8.202.
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This paper investigates History education in Uganda by interrogating data emerging from interviews with secondary History teachers. Two strands of literature are brought to the data analysis: one strand relates to how decolonisation has been conceptualised in interpretations of History education in Uganda; a second strand relates to what the most appropriate pedagogies might be to underpin History teaching and learning in this postcolonial setting. The pedagogical text is informed by the work of Bruner, Vygotsky and Hedegaard. This work feeds into reflections on how mutuality (Boyanton, 2015) and opportunities for dialogue, ownership and internalisation might be established and developed. We explore how psychological, social, emotional and cultural aspects of learning play a part in establishing a link between identity, relevance and significance which takes into account how teachers and learners give and receive value through a search for authenticity. The research findings confirm the need for students to be able to see themselves in the narrative, but they also include recognition of a broader imperative to understand the personal and local within wider regional and global contexts.
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Xazela, NM, Willie Chinyamurindi, and H. Shava. "The link between self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge beliefs: Findings from South Africa." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21`, no. 01 (February 2, 2021): 17330–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.96.19415.
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Nutrition knowledge is an important factor leading to the promotion of good nutrition practice. Good nutrition practices can be linked to assisting,not only individuals,but also society in general to adopt healthy life-style practices that can prolong life. Calls exist within the literature for research that understands further how nutrition knowledge can be promoted at individual and community levels.Answering such research calls can also be the basis for useful practitioner interventions on the ground.Embedded within these calls is the need to also explore the role of individual-psychological factors on aspects of nutrition.Further, there is also need to pay attention to issues that affect the youth market,especially their attitudes towards issues related not only to nutrition practices but also nutrition knowledge. This research gives focus in determining the relationship between self-efficacy as an individual psychological factor and nutrition knowledge amongst a sample of youths residing in a rural community in South Africa. The study adopts a quantitative research approach using the survey design technique involving a sample of 150 youths residing in a rural community. The findings reveal two findings. First,concerning the age and gender,no significant effect existed with nutrition knowledge. Second, self-efficacy significantly predicted nutrition knowledge among the youth. Based on the findings, suggestions are made that promote and link individual self-efficacy beliefs to nutrition knowledge. At the core of this could be channels of expression through behaviour change and information acquisition as key conduits to promoting individual self-efficacy.Finally, practitioners on the ground can use the findings of the research as they implement targeted interventions that promote good nutrition practice. This can involve seeking ways that encourage the development of individual self-efficacy given its link (as found in this study) to nutrition knowledge.
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Vijaya, Veena. "Exploring the Riddle of Curious George: A Thematic Study." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.65.
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Children’s literature has created versatile and popular characters since its inception. These characters produced a nostalgic and overwhelming presence through their actions, behaviors and unique identities on readers’ minds. This paper probes into a complex notion of the identity of a popular character in children’s literature, Curious George. Various authors and critics have tried to focus on different aspects of George’s personality. The scope of this paper is to explore the versatile and multifaceted features of George’s character, and to make an association between the character and its creators, H. A. Rey and Margaret Rey. The eventful life of the childless authors, who lived in a war-inflicted world, moving from one place to another, and seeking a final refuge in United States, is carefully analyzed and investigated in detail. The hilarious role played by George as a savior, to redeem them physically and psychologically, is adequately traced. Through the various Curious George series, the character of George is deeply examined and his relation to the ‘Man with the Yellow Hat’ has been interpreted from an oriental and postcolonial perspective. The enigma or riddle behind the true nature of George continually makes him one of the most beloved characters in the field of children’s literature. Observed and analyzed in the light of war-affected world, during which he was created, George provides the potential to survive in any conflict –riven situation internally or externally. His multiple personalities of an animal, child, prisoner, Orient and African provides various facets that keeps his identity in a flux.
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Rautenbach, IM. "Regspraak: Die konstitusionele hof verwyder die reg van werknemers om nie onbillik ontslaan te word nie uit die beskermingsveld van die handves van regte – grondwetlike gesigspunte." Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2021, no. 1 (2021): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/tsar/2021/i1a9.
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Section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, recognises the existence of rights not protected in the bill of rights. The South African bill of rights protects human conduct and interests extensively. Before the AMCU judgment was delivered, no clear example of a right not protected by the bill of rights had been identified in case law and legal literature. In the AMCU case the constitutional court deviated from previous judgments by holding that the interests of employees not to be dismissed unfairly is not covered by the right to fair labour practices in section 23(1) of the constitution. The court based its finding on textual and contextual interpretive considerations. Its interpretation of section 23(1) was not sound. A narrow, grammatical approach, namely that the text of section 23(1) does not refer expressly to such a right, cannot be followed when the meaning of open-ended constitutional phrases like “fair” labour practices is determined. And an extra-textual reference to the protection of the right in ordinary law is not relevant when the meaning of a constitutional provision is determined. Aspects of human dignity and physical and psychological integrity cannot be removed from the protective ambit of the bill of rights because they are protected by ordinary rules of the law of delict and criminal law. Viewed contextually with the other provisions of the bill of rights, the constitutional right to fair labour practices, like the right to access to housing, food, health and social services, children’s rights and criminal and civil procedural rights, protects other constitutional rights in a particular field, in this case in the field of labour relations. Apart from the fact that it can hardly be contested that every employee has a vital interest not to be dismissed unfairly, many other rights, for example, to human dignity, physical and psychological integrity, economic activity, association and audi alteram partem, may be limited factually by dismissals and dismissal procedures. The scheme and ethos of the South African bill of rights is that these special rights that overlap with the general rights are guaranteed separately. Within this context one of the ironies of the artificial exclusion of a right from the protective ambit of the special right is that its violation may, like in systems without these special rights, be challenged on the basis of the unjustifiable limitation of the general rights. A rule of thumb that the protective ambit of constitutional rights should be interpreted restrictively because the application of the weak rational relationship test as part of the rule of law serves the separation of power principle better than the application of the stricter reasonable test for the limitation of constitutional rights (in the separate concurring judgment of Theron J) is questionable. Whereas legality as part of the rule of law is always complied with when the weak rationality relationship exists, reasonableness in terms of section 36 does not always amount to the application of a stricter test. The existence of a very compelling purpose (to combat a pandemic that threatens life and limb) or a factually slight limitation of a right (to stop at a stop sign) could be the basis of a conclusion that the limitation is justifiable when the weak rational relationship test is complied with. The court’s consideration of proportionality under the umbrella of the application of the weak rational relationship test causes more uncertainty in the present somewhat unruly field of the application of rationality tests.
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Muganiwa, Josephine. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LAND AND CULTURE IN SELECTED TEXTS BY CHENJERAI HOVE." Imbizo 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/1792.
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This article explores the significance of land in Chenjerai Hove’s stories. The setting of the stories affects the choices of the protagonists, depending on their status on the land. Hove’s selected novels, Shadows and Ancestors, explore this phenomenon in the context of the Native Purchase lands of the then Rhodesia. The cultural disruption of moving to commercial land as opposed to the land of ancestors has an impact on identity of the characters, both personally and as perceived by others. At times, such perceptions contradict each other, but they also have implications for the characters’ economic and psychological well-being. This article therefore sets out to explore the relationship between land and culture as depicted in Hove’s novels. The main argument is that, while the Native Purchase areas accorded economic status to the Africans involved, it fractured their cultural identity as they had to live by the dictates of the colonial administration. Culture refers to a way of life and includes manner of dress, food, language, social interaction and many other aspects. This in turn adds insight to how the interface of administration of land affects Zimbabwean citizens as literature here holds up a mirror to real life.Â
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Felder, Pamela. "The Philosophical Approach of Sankofa: Perspectives on Historically Marginalized Doctoral Students in the United States and South Africa." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 14 (2019): 783–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4463.
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Aim/Purpose: This work contributes to the expansion of dialogue on doctoral education research in the United States, South Africa, and within the context of higher education internationalization. There is an emphasis on identifying and reinterpreting the doctoral process where racial and cultural aspects have been marginalized by way of institutional and systemic exclusion. An underlying premise is to support representation of marginalized doctoral student experiences to raise questions about participation and contributions within the dialogue on doctoral education research and practice. Background: Decades of reporting provide evidence of statistical portraits on degree at-tainment. Yet, some large-scale reporting does not include representation of historically marginalized doctoral students until the 1970s in the United States, and the 2000s for South Africa. With the growth of internationalization in higher education, examination of the impact of marginalization serves to support representation of diversity-focused discussions in the development of regional international education organizations, multilateral networks, and cross-collaborative teaching and research projects. Methodology: The philosophical approach for this conceptual paper embraces the Sankofa tradition as a process of going back to previous trends in literature on doctoral degree completion to identify opportunities for interrogation and reinterpretation of the doctoral experience. A dimensional framework of diversity and critical race theory, CRT, guides interpretation of racial and cultural perspectives focused on exclusion, structural diversity, and the psychological/behavioral experiences related to doctoral degree completion in the United States and South Africa. A purposeful sampling strategy is used to identify of literature sources where these dimensions are identified. Contribution: A major contribution of this work is the use of a dimensional diversity framework in doctoral education in both the US and South Africa. Findings: Interpretation of previous studies reveal critical insight for understanding the racial and cultural aspects of the doctoral process through comparison of perspectives on the historically marginalized doctoral experience in the United States and South Africa. They include consideration of the social developments leading to the current predicament of marginalization for students, awareness of the different reporting strategies of data, implementation of cultural philosophies to broaden the focus on how to understand student experiences, and an understanding of the differences in student-faculty relationships. Recommendations for Practitioners: Recommendations for practitioners highlight the application of cultural approaches in the development and implementation of practical strategies for supporting historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations for Researchers: Recommendations for researchers consider the application of cultural ap-proaches in the development of scholarship supporting historically marginal-ized doctoral students within a global context. Impact on Society: Intended outcomes for this work include increasing awareness about historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations are focused on improving their academic and career experiences in the United States and South Africa with global implications regarding their contributions. Future Research: Future research should consider the application of cultural philosophical ap-proaches when examining the historically marginalized doctoral experience within global, national, and local contexts.
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Swinnen, T. W., M. Willems, I. Jonkers, F. P. Luyten, J. Vanrenterghem, and S. Verschueren. "AB0602 IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON PAIN AND FUNCTION IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1337.2–1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3634.
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Background:The personal and societal burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) urges the research community to identify factors that predict its onset and progression. A mechanistic understanding of disease is currently lacking but needed to develop targeted interventions. Traditionally, risk factors for KOA are termed ‘local’ to the joint or ‘systemic’ referring to whole-body systems. There are however clear indications in the scientific literature that contextual factors such as socioeconomic position merit further scientific scrutiny, in order to justify a more biopsychosocial view on risk factors in KOA.Objectives:The aims of this systematic literature review were to assess the inclusion of socioeconomic factors in KOA research and to identify the impact of socioeconomic factors on pain and function in KOA.Methods:Major bibliographic databases, namely Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane, were independently screened by two reviewers (plus one to resolve conflicts) to identify research articles dealing with socioeconomic factors in the KOA population without arthroplasty. Included studies had to quantify the relationship between socioeconomic factors and pain or function. Main exclusion criteria were: a qualitative design, subject age below 16 years and articles not written in English or Dutch. Methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized (ROB-II) and non-randomized intervention studies (ROBIN-I) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies. Due to heterogeneity of studies with respect to outcomes assessed and analyses performed, no meta-analysis was performed.Results:Following de-duplication, 7639 articles were available for screening (120 conflicts resolved without a third reader). In 4112 articles, the KOA population was confirmed. 1906 (25%) were excluded because of knee arthroplasty and 1621 (21%) because of other issues related to the population definition. Socioeconomic factors could not be identified in 4058 (53%) papers and were adjusted for in 211 (3%) articles. In the remaining papers covering pain (n=110) and/or function (n=81), education (62%) and race (37%) were most frequently assessed as socioeconomic factors. A huge variety of mainly dichotomous or ordinal socioeconomic outcomes was found without further methodological justification nor sensitivity analysis to unravel the impact of selected categories. Although the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was the most popular instrument to assess pain and function, data pooling was not possible as socioeconomic factors estimates were part of multilevel models in most studies. Overall results showed that lower education and African American race were consistent predictors of pain and poor function, but those effects diminished or disappeared when psychological aspects (e.g. discrimination) or poverty estimates were taken into account. When function was assessed using self-reported outcomes, the impact of socioeconomic factors was more clear versus performance-based instruments. Quality of research was low to moderate and the moderating or mediating impact of socioeconomic factors on intervention effects in KOA is understudied.Conclusion:Research on contextual socioeconomic factors in KOA is insufficiently addressed and their assessment is highly variable methodologically. Following this systematic literature review, we can highlight the importance of implementing a standardised and feasible set of socioeconomic outcomes in KOA trials1, as well as the importance of public availability of research databases including these factors. Future research should prioritise the underlying mechanisms in the effect of especially education and race on pain and function and assess its impact on intervention effects to fuel novel (non-)pharmacological approaches in KOA.References:[1]Smith TO et al. The OMERACT-OARSI Core Domain Set for Measurement in Clinical Trials of Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis J Rheumatol 2019. 46:981–9.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Chaman-Ara, Kefayat, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, and Elham Bahrami. "Endometriosis Psychological Aspects: A Literature Review." Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders 9, no. 2 (January 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jeppd.5000276.
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Introduction Current evidence suggests that endometriosis imposes a considerable psychological burden on the affected women. This study was aimed to review this evidence. Methods A comprehensive electronic search was performed in Science direct, Medline/ PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Clinical Trials, Scopus, Google scholar, Magiran and SID (Scientific Information Database) up to December, 15, 2016. Methodological quality of retrieved studies was assessed using a valid checklist. The main findings with regard to the objective of this review are extracted and summarized in tables. Results A total of 24 studies were included in the review from which, 23 used quantitative method and 1 used qualitative. Key findings of all studies showed that endometriosis reduces various aspects of psychological well-being. Conclusions Psychological interventions ranging from screening, providing consultation to psychiatric treatment prescriptions as same as the social supports such as work incentives should be integrated to endometriosis management protocols.
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Kunene, Mazisi. "Some Aspects of South African Literature." World Literature Today 70, no. 1 (1996): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151845.
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Gupta, Sushma. "Structure of African Psychological Literature: 1827–1987." International Information & Library Review 27, no. 3 (September 1995): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572317.1995.10762369.
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Berger, Marcin, Justyna Oleszek-Listopad, Milena Marczak, and Jolanta Szymanska. "Psychological aspects of temporomandibular disorders – literature review." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0044.
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Abstract Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) constitute a group of clinical problems involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. An etiological connection of TMD with psychological factors was proposed as early as the 1980’s. Indeed, the interdependence of psychological and health aspects in the patient’s treatment, place light upon the more important variables contributing to the various mental disorders that may accompany TMD. Current literature suggests a close relationship between TMD and selected psychological factors, such as personality traits, stress, depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing. Of note, anxiety-depressive disorders, somatisation and catastrophizing contribute to chronic TMD, mainly in the form of myofascial pain. Hence, knowledge of the influence of psychological factors affecting TMD, enables the identification of patients with an increased risk of chronic painful TMD.
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Gouveia, Joana, Ana Galhardo, Marina Cunha, and Margarida Couto. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 18, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/17psd1820.
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Walker, SP. "Psychological aspects of chronic pain: a literature review." Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 11, no. 4 (November 2005): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22201173.2005.10872415.
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Rollins, Wayne G., Gerd Theissen, and John P. Galvin. "Psychological Aspects of Pauline Theology." Journal of Biblical Literature 109, no. 1 (1990): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3267353.
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POWELL, DIONNE R. "Social and Psychological Aspects of Breast Cancer in African-American Women." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 736, no. 1 Forging a Wom (December 1994): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12825.x.
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Ottenberg, Simon. "Psychological Aspects of Igbo Art." African Arts 21, no. 2 (February 1988): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336531.
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Goulart, Rubens, Cinthia Pessoa, and Império Lombardi. "Psychological aspects of juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome: a literature review." Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia (English Edition) 56, no. 1 (January 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2015.07.017.
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Gudjonsson, Gisli H. "Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Shoplifting." Medicine, Science and the Law 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249003000110.
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This paper reviews the relevant psychological, criminological, and psychiatric literature on shoplifting, with particular emphasis on implications for clinical issues and involvement. The paper provides a conceptual framework for working with shoplifters and highlights the need for careful assessment before treatment is embarked upon. It is emphasized that shoplifting is not a unitary category either in terms of motives or clinical problems and no one model can adequately explain the phenomenon.
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Yerzhanova, S. B., and K. K. Baidetova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ARCHETYPE." BULLETIN Series Psychology 64, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7847.15.
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In our article, we paid attention to the history of the concept of archetype, studied and analyzed the concepts of archetypal plot, motive, and stopped at its place in literature, mythology, psychology, and culture. We paid special attention to the work of the Swiss scientist-psychologist C. G. Jung, who introduced the term archetype into science and studied it in psychological, philosophical, and cultural aspects. Having identified the first archetypal images shown by Jung, we made an analysis, giving importance to the role of the concept of" collective unconscious " in the archetype. In addition, we determined the scientific significance of philological research. The concepts of archetypal plot and archetypal motif introduced by the Russian scientist Meletensky were defined, and examples of archetypal motifs and plots in mythology were given. We have analyzed the concepts of myth and archetype, citing the scientific justifications in the literature. The development of the mythical motif in the works of modern Kazakh writers requires a detailed study of the concept of archetype. At all times, literature cannot separate itself from its original source –myth. Since the Archetype is closely related to mythology, we believe that the importance of this topic is very high today
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Langeluddecke, Pauline M. "Psychological Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (September 1985): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509158826.
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The literature on psychological aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is reviewed. Psychiatric and/or psychometric assessment of IBS samples has consistently revealed a high prevalence of psychological symptoms by comparison with non-psychiatric patient and healthy control groups. Various psychological factors have been implicated in the aetiology of IBS and in the decision to seek medical help, including psychoneurotic personality traits, abnormal illness behaviour and life event stress. Controlled studies of psychological intervention for IBS, while scarce, suggest that supportive psychotherapy and hypnotherapy may be helpful. The long-term efficacy of such treatments remains to be demonstrated.
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Lee, Gregory John, and Nicole Faller. "Transactional and Relational Aspects of the Psychological Contracts of Temporary Workers." South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 4 (November 2005): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500412.
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Contingent labour is an increasingly important part of the international and South African business environment. Several questions arise regarding the relationships between such workers and the client organisations that utilise their labour. Do contingent workers maintain transactional relationships only? Can loyalty and commitment be increased in such workers? Using the concept of the psychological contract, this article ascertains whether relationships with the client organisation vary for South African temporary workers of varying tenures. Employing a cross-sectional design, results for 174 temporary workers suggest that relationships with client organisations begin with largely transactional elements. Over time, the contract becomes significantly more relational, especially after the worker has been with the client organisation for six months or more. This relationship is affected by contract violation and organisational support.
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Szigeti, Judit, and Barna Konkolÿ Thege. "The psychological aspects of infertility: a review of the literature." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 67, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.67.2012.3.8.
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Jelen tanulmány a meddőség pszichés vonatkozásairól szóló jelentősebb kutatások eredményeit foglalja össze. Ebből a célból főleg az angol nyelvű adatbázisokban elérhető tanulmányokat tekintettük át szisztematikus kulcsszókereséses módszerrel, de támaszkodtunk a magyar szakirodalomra is. A legvilágosabban kirajzolódó következtetés az, hogy a meddőség lelki előzményei és következményei nehezen választhatók szét. Nincs megdönthetetlen bizonyíték arra nézve, hogy a stressz, a szorongás és a lehangoltság önmagában meddőséget okozna, de számos jel utal rá, hogy hozzájárul és együtt jár a terméketlenséggel. Hasonlóképpen nehéz elkülöníteni, hogy a pszichés hatások maga a meddőség vagy a megterhelő asszisztált reprodukciós beavatkozások következményei. Vegyesek a tapasztalatok arra nézve is, hogy a pszichoterápiát milyen mértékben veszik igénybe a páciensek, illetve ez mennyiben járul hozzá a beavatkozások sikeréhez, de egyetlen általunk ismert tanulmány sem kérdőjelezi meg, hogy pszichés támogatásra a meddőség kezelése során szükség van. A spirituális dimenzió és a meddőség kapcsolata kevéssé kutatott téma, de néhány tanulmány a vallásos megküzdési módok bevonását is indokoltnak tartja a meddőség kezelésébe. A magyarországi gyakorlatban mindez ma még nem magától értetődő. Összességében a tanulmány a meddőség cirkuláris oksági, rendszerszemléletű megközelítése mellett érvel.
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Harcourt, Diana, and Nichola Rumsey. "Psychological aspects of breast reconstruction: a review of the literature." Journal of Advanced Nursing 35, no. 4 (August 27, 2001): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01865.x.
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Di Gesaro, Antonella. "The psychological aspects of having a stoma: a literature review." Gastrointestinal Nursing 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2016.14.2.38.
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Gouveia, Joana, Ana Galhardo, Marina Cunha, and Margarida Couto. "SURROGACY FOR INFERTILITY: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 18, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/17psd180120.
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Bulgakova, Svetlana Viktorovna, Natalya Olegovna Zakharova, Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Treneva, and Alla Valentinovna Nikolaeva. "Neurological and psychological aspects of COVID-19 infection (literature review)." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2103-05.
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The spectrum of clinical manifestations ranges from asymptomatic to critical, life threatening. COVID-19 is known to be a multi-organ disease, not just the respiratory system. It also becomes obvious that neurological and psychological disorders that occur during the acute phase of infection can persist in the postmorbid period, which dictates the need for rehabilitation measures. This literature review is devoted to the analysis of data on the pathogenesis, clinic, rehabilitation of neurological, psychological manifestations of COVID-19 (neuro-COVID), prospects for further research.
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Ogorenko, Viktoriia, Olha Hnenna, and Viktor Kokashynskyi. "Social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence (literature review)." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 29, issue 1 (106) (March 1, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is1-2021-9.
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The article considered the social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence. Analyzed the main types of violent behavior (economic, psychological, physical, sexual) and the components of the causes of cruel behavior in the family: aggressive behavior, violence, violent behavior. The results of sociological research are presented, the prevalence, causes, aims and types of this phenomenon in Ukraine and in the world are determined. The sociological and cultural concepts of the features of the spread of the phenomenon of violence in families are considered. The stages of the formation of violent behavior in families are analyzed. The features of neurotic disorders and their prevalence among people who have experienced domestic violence are considered.
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Leanza, Vito, Alessia Passanisi, and Gianluca Leanza. "Urinary incontinence: quality of life and psychological aspects." Urogynaecologia 27, no. 1 (October 28, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2013.e3.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of female urinary incontinence (UI) on quality of life. The method of research is based on a literature search on PubMed, Cochrane library and relevant articles from 1977 to 2012. Forty-eight works were found. Literature showed that UI affects a large percentage of the aged out patients. Women experience UI because of many reasons such as childbirth, menopause and previous gynaecologic surgery. Incontinence is to be treated as it impacts physiological and psychological aspects of patient’s life. Treatments include medical, physical (rehabilitation) and surgical approaches. Measures for assessment are made up by specific and non-specific questionnaires. Evaluation of female incontinence must take into account patients with and without medical treatment. Every sort of therapy has to consider the psychological impact too. In current literature depression, anxiety, shame and decreed selfefficacy resulted as the most important factors involving women with UI.
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Kryzhanovska, Zoreslava Y., and Antonina V. Mitlosh. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BASKETBALL ATHLETES’ TEAM COMMUNICATION." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1 (January 28, 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-12-96-100.
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The article presents a theoretical overview and empirical study of the psychological characteristics of basketball players’ team communication. An analysis of the scientific literature showed that the team is considered a small social group, which is determined by certain characteristics. Researchers have identified a large number of team traits that sometimes have conflicting meanings. The main characteristics of teams are grouped according to certain criteria, which allows to comprehensively show the problem of team psychology, team communication, activities, its efficiency. The problem of communication needs more thorough research, because team communication can provide effective group activities. This paper uses methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization of scientific literature, as well as empirical methods: methods of diagnosing interpersonal relationships T. Leary, which is designed to study the predominant type of attitude towards people in the process of communicative interaction; expert assessments of basketball players, observation included. Qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination of group averages was used to process the results of the empirical study. Empirical research has shown that an authoritarian style of communication is an accentuated type of attitude in the basketball team. Complementary types in proportion are selfish, aggressive, altruistic, friendly, suspicious, submissive, dependent types of attitude. Among the dominant communicative properties of basketball players we can distinguish dominance, activity, prone to rivalry, authoritarianism, perseverance, but willing to cooperate, cooperate, flexibility and compromise in the process of teamwork.
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Contena, Bastianina, and Stefano Taddei. "Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Borderline Intellectual Functioning." European Psychologist 22, no. 3 (July 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000293.
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Abstract. Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) refers to a global IQ ranging from 71 to 84, and it represents a condition of clinical attention for its association with other disorders and its influence on the outcomes of treatments and, in general, quality of life and adaptation. Furthermore, its definition has changed over time causing a relevant clinical impact. For this reason, a systematic review of the literature on this topic can promote an understanding of what has been studied, and can differentiate what is currently attributable to BIF from that which cannot be associated with this kind of intellectual functioning. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we have conducted a review of the literature about BIF. The results suggest that this condition is still associated with mental retardation, and only a few studies have focused specifically on this condition.
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Clare, Anthony W., and Janette Tyrrell. "Psychiatric aspects of abortion." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 1994): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012428.
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AbstractObjective: To examine the evidence concerning the psychological consequences of abortion, the risk of suicide in pregnancy and the psychological consequences for the mother and the child in cases of refused abortion. Method: An extensive literature search was undertaken and key relevant papers were examined and analysed. Results: Legal abortion has become more widely available throughout the western world and the actual reported incidence of cases of refused abortion is low. The majority of studies indicate that the psychological consequences of abortion itself are in the main mild and transient but there is evidence that women who have strong religious or cultural attitudes negative to abortion do experience high levels of psychological stress following abortion. The risk of suicide is low in pregnancy and suicide is a rare outcome of refused abortion. There is evidence of psychological and social difficulties experienced by mothers of unwanted pregnancies forced to proceed to term and by many offspring of such unwanted pregnancies. Conclusions: Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw from the published studies of refused abortion and many studies are over thirty years old.
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Letlaka-Rennert, Kedibone, Peggy Luswazi, Janet E. Helms, and Maria Cecilia Zea. "Does the Womanist Identity Model Predict Aspects of Psychological Functioning in Black South African Women?" South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700406.
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This article's area of inquiry is the reactions of black South African women to gender oppression. It also examines whether Helms's Womanist Identity Model is useful in predicting self-related personality characteristics, specifically Locus of control and Self-efficacy. The Womanist Identity Model was predictive of self-efficacy, with Immersion-Emersion and Internalisation subscales making unique contributions to its prediction, but in opposite directions. The Womanist Model was also predictive of Locus of control among black South African women. The findings therefore demonstrated that internalised gender oppression can differentially contribute to this South African sample's perceptions of personal empowerment.
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Mikołajek-Gocejna, Magdalena. "Heuristic. Psychological Aspects of Decision-Making on Capital Market - Literature Review." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse Rynki Finansowe Ubezpieczenia 90 (2017): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2017.90-04.
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Timms, Michael W. H. "Aspects of psychological intervention with breast cancer patients." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700016815.
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AbstractThe paper makes a chronological review of the literature in the area of psychological intervention with cancer patients, focussing particularly on breast cancer as this is the disease which has attracted most attention from mental health profesionals. Initially, surveys which identify psychological distress in cancer patients are reviewed, as it is felt that these may have contributed the impetus for intervention. In the second half of the paper, interventions are classified and reviewed.
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Thurman, Christopher. "BEYOND BUTLERISM: REVISITING ASPECTS OF SOUTH AFRICAN LITERARY HISTORY." English Studies in Africa 51, no. 1 (January 2008): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138390809485262.
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Glazunov, Yu T. "INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DECISION-MAKING." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-2-235-243.
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The article is devoted to the study of the mental components of the decision-making process. Studies are carried out using the information and mathematical method of studying mental phenomena. Analysis of the scientific literature shows the lack of a single interpretation of the concept of "decision". Each decision is aimed at relaxing the tension of any significant situation and is associated with risk. It is established that the risk of making a decision is the higher, the less pragmatic information at the time of making a decision the individual has, and the more serious for him the possible damage from making a decision. The triune essence of decisions and the fact that the concepts of goal-setting and motivation act as an analogue of a decision are revealed. Three points of the bifurcation of the motivational process are established. The definition of a decision is given as a fact of appearance of the binary relation “motive-goal”. The results can be used in psychotherapy, and at the same time when designing machines with anthropomorphic behavior. All this is associated with the high technology of the future.
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Marinšek, Darja. "Female genital mutilation in African and African American women's literature." Acta Neophilologica 40, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2007): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.40.1-2.129-146.
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The article builds on the existing dispute between African and African American women writers on the competence of writing about female genital mutilation (FGM), and tries to determine the existence and nature of the differences between the writings of these two groups. The author uses comparative analysis of two popular African and African American novels, comparing their ways of describing FGM, its causes and consequences, the level ob objectivity and the style of the narrations.This is followed by a discussion on the reasons for such differences, incorporating a larger circle of both African and African American women authors, at the same time analysing the deviance within the two groups. While the differences between African American writers are not that great, as they mostly fail to present the issue from different points of view, which is often the result of their lack of direct knowledge of the topic, African authors' writing is in itself discovered to be ambivalent and not at all invariable. The reasons for such ambivalence are then discussed in greater context, focusing on the effect of the authors' personal contact with circumcision as well as their knowledge and acceptance of Western values. The author concludes by establishing the African ambivalent attitude towards FGM, which includes different aspects of the issue, as the most significant difference between their and African American writers' description of this practice.
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Knezevic, Vladimir, Dragana Ratkovic, Jelena Knezevic, Svetlana Ivanovic-Kovacevic, Milana Okanovic, and Sanja Pavlovic. "Psychological medicine." Medical review 72, no. 9-10 (2019): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1910321k.
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Introduction. It is known that it is possible to improve healthcare by paying more attention to psychological aspects of diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental conditions. The study and practice of such factors is called psychological medicine. The aim of this paper was to provide contemporary aspects of psychological medicine and to emphasize its contributions to clinical practice. Material and Methods. A review of the literature on psychological and psychosomatic medicine was performed using Medline and manual search. Results. The main goals of psychological medicine are comprehensive assessment of psychological factors affecting the etiology, course and outcome of illness, biopsychosocial consideration of patient care, as well as integration of specific interventions in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. We need to emphasize that due to clinical limitations, in terms of current separation of mental and physical healthcare, the treatment of many health conditions in which psychological factors are significant, is still insufficient. Conclusion. Because of its importance to patients? well-being, psychological and psychosomatic medicine should to be an integral part of clinicians? knowledge across all specialties.
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Niewiedział, Dorota, Magdalena Kolańska, Zbigniew Dąbrowiecki, Mateusz Jerzemowski, Piotr Siermontowski, Zdzisław Kobos, and Romuald Olszański. "Psychological Aspects of Diving in Selected Theoretical and Research Perspectives." Polish Hyperbaric Research 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2018-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to conduct a literature review in relation to the psychological aspects of diving. The acquired knowledge can currently be qualified as belonging to various branches of applied psychology, as well as underwater medicine, sports medicine, psychiatry and psychotherapy. The literature on this subject matter raises two main issues of the psychological perspective: the degree of psychological adaptation of an individual to the underwater environment, and the psychophysical condition of a man involved in a specific type of diving and the resulting skills/competences to perform underwater tasks. The article presents selected reports from around the world related to diving psychology resulting from the applied structure/classification of psychological theories, explaining various mechanisms of psychological functioning underwater. The paper presents studies from the perspective of psychodynamics, psychology of health/stress, psychology of individual differences and personality. The main conclusions indicate that in addition to the main problem of an optimal/lack of adaptation of humans to the underwater environment, there is insufficient psychological knowledge (including Polish reports) in the area of personality differences between various types of divers, their social functioning, mental health and psychoeducation with regard to underwater exposures.
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Miletich, John S., and Jeff Opland. "Xhosa Oral Poetry: Aspects of a Black South African Tradition." Comparative Literature 38, no. 4 (1986): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1770411.
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Abrahams, Roger D., and Jeff Opland. "Xhosa Oral Poetry: Aspects of a Black South African Tradition." Poetics Today 6, no. 3 (1985): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771916.
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