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1
Berg, Stig. "Aspects of Psychological Aging and Technology." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003779.
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Aging is generally regarded as a reduction of physical, psychological, and social resources. This reduction is due to two processes that operate simultaneously during the life of an individual. One of these processes is the basic biological changes which take place within the individual and are probably programmed by genetic factors. The other is change due to environmental factors, such as air pollution, noise, poor working conditions, and eating habits, social and psychological factors such as attitudes and norms, and technological factors which can enhance adaptation or cause a decline in social or psychological resources. According to present knowledge, biological age changes are irreversible. However, it should be possible to reverse the environmental changes either through short-term interventions among individuals and the community, or by long-term interventions in the society.
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Evison, Margaret. "Psychological aspects of surgery." Foundation Years 1, no. 1 (August 2005): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/s1744-1889(06)70003-2.
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Tartaglia, Charles. "Psychological Aspects of Hospice Care." Hospice Journal, The 3, no. 4 (February 15, 1989): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j011v03n04_05.
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Collis, Karen. "The psychological aspects of palliative care." Foundation Years 1, no. 2 (October 2005): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/s1744-1889(06)70013-5.
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Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis. "ICT and sustainability: skills and methods for dialogue and policy making." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 13, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-12-2014-0063.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an overview and to discuss the following issues: most often, discussions about Information and communication technology (ICT) sustainability focus on environmental issues; however, there are other aspects referring to ICT internal sustainability and to its role as a tool in managing general sustainability issues. The way to handle ICT sustainability issues is also significant. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses and investigates various aspects of ICT sustainability, and of methods to handle these issues and make decisions. Findings – Classical philosophy and psychological empirical research on decision-making demonstrate the way to take care of ICT sustainability issues. This way is philosophizing, which has to be trained and supported for people and organizations involved to acquire the necessary skills and to use suitable methods. Originality/value – The paper highlights other significant aspects of ICT sustainability rather than the environmental impact alone. It also proposes focus on the way ICT sustainability issues are handled rather than focus on normative or ideological aspects of it.
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Koger, Susan. "Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Sustainability." Sustainability 5, no. 7 (July 10, 2013): 3006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5073006.
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Isohanni, Matti, and Katja Nevala. "Psychological and Managerial Aspects of the Scientist and the Research Team." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2, no. 3 (July 1997): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969700200302.
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Adams, Jeremy, and Robert J. Kirkby. "A Review of the Physiological, Neurological and Behavioural Aspects of Addiction." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01004.
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Modern psychological and physiological theories of addiction are defined and reviewed. As well, the concept of an addictive personality is addressed and evaluated. On the one hand, psychological theories of addiction are described as either withdrawal driven, disorders of appetite, or motivational process disorders. Physiological theories, on the other hand, suggest that behavioural or pharmacological overstimulation of brain areas, such as the mesolimbic dopamine system, can explain addictive behaviour. Both dependence and withdrawal have been explained in terms of biological research, however, behavioural terminology (operant conditioning theory) has been cited in conjunction with biological theory. Further, a review of research pertaining to an addictive personality shows that the concept of an addictive personality is contentious, with investigations in this area showing a substantial number of methodological errors. Nevertheless, some investigators suggest that a stable trait can influence a person's addictive behaviour.
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Jarosławski, S., M. Toumi, P. Auquier, B. Borissov, and C. Dussart. "PMH8 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GENETIC COUNSELING IN RARE GENETIC CNS DISORDERS - SHOULD REGULATORS BE MORE INVOLVED?" Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.1482.
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Smadych, I. P. "HOUSING POLICY OF A BIG CITY: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (RESEARCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK)." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 81 (December 7, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-42-51.
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Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the topical problem of qualitative accounting of socio-psychological conditions of human life in residential architecture, namely in the policy of forming the urban environment. The task of this study can be realized by analyzing the regulatory framework, namely, strategies for the socio-economic and spatial development of cities in parts related to housing construction, housing and communal policy, general planning and territorial principles of city development. Systematization and comparison of this information made it possible to single out the factors influencing the formation of design solutions and development in the city. Another important link in this study is the systematization of factors influencing the solution of the problems of forming a living environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of socio-psychological requirements for environmental comfort in the context of housing policy in large cities. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formed: to streamline the system of socio-psychological factors and methods of their accounting in substantiating the housing policy of urban space; to analyze the socio-economic and spatial development strategies of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years and sectoral documents of the architectural and construction sector and housing policy; to highlight the factors that underlie the formation of housing policy in Ivano-Frankivsk, to develop recommendations for taking into account the psychological aspects of society in the formation of housing policy in cities. The materials of this study are the aging of the socio-economic and spatial development of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years, as well as industry documents where the prospects for the development of the housing industry and housing policy are formed. The source base of the study to characterize the factors influencing the formation of the city's residential policy are scientific works on psychology, sociology, architectural sociology and public administration. The main research methods of this article are the method of factorial comparison. The methods of group comparison, and the graphical-analytical method of creating a structural model of factors and determining the place, as well as the role of socio-psychological factors in this model, were also used.
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Albakeri, Norsyaza Husna, Dyah Mutiarin, and Janianton Damanik. "Shifting in Tourism Policies and Issues Encountered by Tourists After The Emergence of Covid-19 Pandemic." TRJ Tourism Research Journal 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30647/trj.v5i1.110.
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Tourism policies act as a pillar to ensure that the sector is properly handled in accordance with its laws and regulations. However, the emergence of the 2019 corona virus novel had raised international concerns which had an impact on the psychological, physical, social and environmental aspects of society. This study used a qualitative method, where data collection was carried out using a systematic literature review (SLR) from various published papers related to tourism policy, tourist behavior, and Covid-19. The data analysis process will be assisted by the electronic software system NVivo and VOSviewer. This study aims to examine the shift in policy and tourism issues faced by tourists after the emergence of the sars-Cov-2 (covid19) virus which affects tourism behavior to ensure that tourists and tourism actors will meet with each other's current understanding. tourism patterns. Based on the results of the analysis, policy intervention does affect the shift in tourism behavior both from internal and external factors. Transitional problems faced by tourists have been identified from various external and internal aspects, such as limited choice of destinations, strict new policies, hidden travel costs, and people's mindsets.
Keywords: Covid-19, Tourism Issues, Travel, Psychology, Measures & Policy
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Dron (INVITED), E. M. "United Kingdom Radon Programme: Policy and Progress." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082483.
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Abstract The United Kingdom is pursuing a substantial and evolving programme towards minimising the problem of high radon levels in homes. Work focuses on those areas of the country which early surveys have shown to have a significant proportion of affected homes, and involves cooperation between central and local Government, research institutions and private companies. Elements of the programme include: radon measurements on demand from householders in areas of potentially high radon and systematic surveys to refine knowledge of these areas; research into geological, epidemiological, psychological and financial aspects of the problem; the development and dissemination of advice on remedial and preventive measures; and a comprehensive approach to communication with all parties involved in issues of domestic exposure to radon. This paper contains a general description of the programme, setting its objectives in the context of public policy on housing and health in the UK. An account of progress is given, and future options are outlined towards fulfilling the Government's intention that substantial progress towards dealing with the impact of radon should be made by the close of the century.
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Määttä, Kaarina, and Satu Uusiautti. "Educational Psychological Perspectives on Sustainability Education." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010398.
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What is the role of educational psychology in the development of sustainability education? In this editorial article, we argue that human happiness and life satisfaction could be the keys to positive education and adapting to pro-environmental behaviors. We discuss the perspective of sustainable happiness education being the guiding principle of sustainability education. Sustainable happiness education can provide a means to educate people about ways of considering their own well-being and that of others simultaneously, while keeping in mind the sustainability aspect of their actions.
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PARKER, MELISSA, and IAN HARPER. "THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PUBLIC HEALTH." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 1 (November 23, 2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001148.
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The Journal of Biosocial Science regularly publishes papers addressing the social and cultural aspects of disease, sickness and well-being. Most of these papers attempt to understand the prevalence and distribution of disease and sickness within and between populations as well as local responses to biomedical interventions and public health policy more generally. They fall broadly within the remit of human ecology; and they embrace a ‘factorial’ model of disease in which social and cultural factors are deemed to be just one of a number of factors to be considered alongside a range of other factors. These include biological features of the infecting organism; nutritional factors; environmental factors; psychological factors; and genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease at an individual and population level.
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Vestergren, Sara, John Drury, and Eva Hammar Chiriac. "How participation in collective action changes relationships, behaviours, and beliefs: An interview study of the role of inter- and intragroup processes." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.903.
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Research has shown that numerous psychological changes can occur in and through collective action. Previous research on psychological consequences of participation in collective action has mainly focused on one change at a time and has rarely included a theoretical explanation for the change. The present study therefore investigates the range and possible connections between changes occurring in collective action. We interviewed participants (n = 28) involved in an environmental campaign in Sweden which included interaction with the police. Through thematic analysis of the data we found that the participants connected several psychological changes to aspects of their participation. Specifically, participants related these changes to two intertwined processes: intergroup interaction and intragroup interaction. We suggest that intergroup interaction (specifically conflict with the police outgroup) can affect intragroup processes (e.g., support and unity), which in turn can influence psychological change (e.g., empowerment and skills). Through the study, we develop and contribute to previous research by: 1) documenting a range of possible changes occurring through collective action participation, and 2) exploring the different psychological processes related to the changes. The implications of this research and future challenges are discussed in relation to developing the social identity approach.
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Kobysheva, Tat'yana, and Lyubov' Kostina. "Theoretical aspects of gender differences in stress tolerance in the profession of employees in police service." Applied psychology and pedagogy 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-3-15-29.
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The article actualizes the problem of a high level of stress resistance of employees of internal affairs agencies who regardless of gender, must achieve the assigned tasks and carry out effectively operational and service activities in dangerous and extreme conditions. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the scientific views of domestic and foreign scientists of the problem of stress factors and gender differences in stress resistance, levels of stress in the operational activities of employees of internal affairs agencies. Some gender characteristics, stereotypes of feminine and masculine behavior are revealed. The psycho-applied aspects of the problem under study are reflected in the form of the results of psychological observations of the authors of the article on the behavior of employees of the internal affairs agencies according to which male and female employees do not always act according to gender stereotypes of behavior when they find themselves in difficult and dangerous situations. Taking into account the mixed nature of the service collectives of the subdivisions of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia the need for an empirical study aimed at studying the stress resistance of female and male employees of the internal affairs bodies is justified. This study will make it possible to characterize psychological work as differential work, designed for the gender characteristics of employees of the of internal affairs agencies and aimed at developing their stress resistance as a professionally important quality.
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Kunchamboo, Vimala, Christina Kwai Choi Lee, and Jan Brace-Govan. "Cultivating Nature Identity and Ecological Worldviews: A Pathway to Alter the Prevailing Dominant Social Paradigm." Journal of Macromarketing 41, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146721997540.
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The worsening environmental problems demand a shift from the prevailing Dominant Social Paradigm to the New Ecological Paradigm. Yet, little is known on the conditions necessary for societal adoption of conservation behaviour. This qualitative study explores the social-psychological aspects and processes cultivating ecological identity and worldviews by uncovering the activities, interpretation of experiences that capture mental thoughts, emotions and symbolic meanings within the richness of lived experiences. The findings theorise the process of ecological identity building and offers in-depth insights into the motivations and stages of ecological identities and worldviews that support pro-environmental behaviour. The insights extend the identity theory to illustrate the process of nature identity development to include the stages of identity activation, creation and synthesis; reveal Asian values and beliefs that consumers use to rationalise their consumption behaviour; and provide implications for macromarketing, education and sustainability initiatives, and policy making.
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Diener, Ed, and Martin E. P. Seligman. "Beyond Money: Progress on an Economy of Well-Being." Perspectives on Psychological Science 13, no. 2 (March 2018): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616689467.
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In our 2004 “Beyond Money” article, we argued that national accounts of psychological and subjective well-being should complement the economic indicators that frequently guide policy decisions. We claimed that economic indicators fail to reflect important aspects of quality of life that well-being indicators capture. Since the time of our article, progress has been made, and scores of nations have used some forms of well-being measures. The National Academy of Sciences of the United States and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development both issued reports on accounts of well-being. Researchers have pointed to policies that are supported by the findings, such as environmental and economic policies. The emergence of “big data” has opened major new pathways for measuring well-being in inexpensive, unobtrusive, and nonreactive fashion. Psychological researchers now need to create superordinate combinations of subjective and objective measures of well-being to study the impact of the policies they advocate. The accounts can serve as a lever for convincing policymakers to enact policies that increase human flourishing.
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Di Fabio, Annamaria, and Marc A. Rosen. "An Exploratory Study of a New Psychological Instrument for Evaluating Sustainability: The Sustainable Development Goals Psychological Inventory." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187617.
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The psychometric properties of the Sustainable Development Goals Psychological Inventory (SDGPI) are verified, by employing quantitative and qualitative approaches, in order to obtain a thorough comprehension of the self-perceptions of the sustainable development goals by the Italian participants in this research. The reliability, dimensionality, and aspects of concurrent validity were tested for the SDGPI. Three unidimensional factors (interest, motivation, and self-efficacy) were shown to be prevalent using exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, the SDGPI showed adequate concurrent validity and internal consistency in the present study. To broaden the quantitative findings, responses to open-ended questions were analyzed. The results suggest perspectives for future exploration and actions regarding the psychology of sustainable development and sustainability.
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Belgiawan, Prawira Fajarindra, Jan-Dirk Schmöcker, Maya Abou-Zeid, and Satoshi Fujii. "Analysis of Car Type Preferences Among Students Based on Seemingly Unrelated Regression." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2666, no. 1 (January 2017): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2666-10.
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Vehicle type purchase intentions are interesting from a marketing point of view, because car manufacturers are competing to attract potential buyers. Furthermore, from the point of view of transport planners as well as the government, there are environmental concerns. This study focused on students’ intention to purchase different types of vehicles. The study obtained a sample of 1,229 students from seven countries, to understand cultural differences in preferences. The dependent variables were intention to buy cars in different categories, including hybrid and electric cars. The aim was to explain intentions with three categories of explanatory variables: psychological aspects, sociodemographics, and site-specific dummy variables. To account for correlation between the dependent variables, the analysis used seemingly unrelated regression. The study found that attitudinal factors are significant, particularly for the intention to buy more environmentally friendly types of vehicles; the paper discusses policy implications. The study observed the importance of the symbolic-affective value of a car in explaining car type preferences, as well as the importance of awareness of the negative effects cars might have on the environment and society. It is suggested that these findings can be used to promote more environmentally friendly cars.
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Castellanos-Simons, Doris, Katia María Pérez-Pacheco, and Eduardo Hernández-Padilla. "Psychological Well-Being and Its Relations to School Trajectory and Family Educational Capital in High Intellectual Ability Adolescents." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 9190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219190.
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The psychological well-being of adolescents depends on diverse contextual factors, in particular those relating to the educational and cultural capital of families. The study examined the relationships between psychological well-being of high-ability adolescents, family educational capital, and their school trajectory. The participants were 101 students from 1st year of a public high school in Morelos, Mexico, previously identify by their high intellectual ability. They completed an ad hoc form with information about cultural and academic aspects, and the Spanish version of the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Results shown that the School trajectory factor only had significant effects on Control environment and Purpose in life’s dimensions. Meanwhile the analysis of variances yielded that Cultural capital showed significant differences with the following well-being scales: General, Self-acceptance, Positive relations, and Purpose in life. Furthermore, the interaction between Sex and Cultural capital had only significant effects on Positive Relations and Environmental control favoring men over women, while the interaction of Cultural capital and School trajectory had significant effects only on Purpose in Life dimension. The results emphasize the need for studies that clarify the role of sociocultural context factors in understanding the comprehensive development of highly able adolescents and their psychological well-being.
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Hood, Bernadette, Ronnie Egan, Heather Gridley, and Christine Brew. "Treatment Options for Depression: Women and Primary Service Providers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 5, no. 2 (1999): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py99018.
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A substantive quantitative research literature base exists exploring aspects of treatment for depression. Major themes to emerge from this literature include the use of general practitioners (GPs) in preference to psychiatrists for treatment and the negative public attitudes toward the use of pharmacological treatment strategies for depression. The study reported in this paper utilises a qualitative methodology to explore the experiences and attitudes of women currently being treated for depression. Specifically the paper focusses on the women's attitudes toward psychological versus medical treatment options for the disorder. Attitudes toward treatment modalities of medical and non-medical primary service providers are also investigated. Several significant findings emerged from the study. Women interviewed expressed a sense of personal responsibility for both the occurrence and management of depression.Consequent to this belief psychosocial interventions were critical to 'getting well'. Medication was viewed positively by all women, not as a treatment for depression, rather as a means of relieving the extreme symptoms of the illness, therefore providing space for psychosocial interventions. Medical and non-medical service providers expressed an acceptance of the need for integrating psychological and pharmacological treatment strategies though all providers acknowledged their lack of skills in incorporating treatments outside of their professional training. The study provides insight into the belief structures which influence participants' behaviours, presenting a less polarised view of attitudes toward psychological and pharmacological interventions than suggested by the current quantitative literature.
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Barletta, John, and Kate Witteveen. "Pastoral Care in Hospital: An Overview of Issues." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 1 (2007): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07013.
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The benefits of a holistic approach to health care include positive outcomes for patients and financial benefits for hospitals and the community. Traditionally, holistic health care incorporated only physical, psychological and social needs of patients and excluded spiritual and religious aspects. This trend has changed in recent years with health care experiencing the integrated work of chaplains, pastoral carers and spiritual carers. As evidence supports a positive relationship between religious/spiritual involvement and physical/mental health outcomes, this development is indeed worthwhile. This literature review explores issues of spiritual care, pastoral care and chaplaincy and the relationship to quality patient care within a context of holistic health care.
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Zhang, Xiaobing, Fu-Sheng Tsai, Chih-Chen Lin, Ya-Fang Cheng, and Kun-Hwa Lu. "Fraud, Economic versus Social-Psychological Losses, and Sustainable E-Auction." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093130.
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As compared to the economic losses, social and psychological losses are of equal importance in discussing the losses when encountering fraud. Taking advantage of a perspective paper form (i.e., free writing style with a mix of description, analysis, and comments) with in-depth discussions and well-developed propositions, we combine considerations from the knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management to discuss the comparative seriousness of different fraud-caused losses. The conceptual model mainly articulates on a series of relationships among different degrees of knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management in predicting the various combinative losses in the economic, social, and psychological aspects. Propositions follow. First, when the knowledge gap is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be higher, while lower in social and psychological losses. Second, when perceived platform quality is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be lower, while higher in social and psychological losses. Third, when platform risk management is better, all aspects of being cheated on the internet will be lower. Based on the assumption of network externality, we also argue that the multiple dimensions of fraud-caused losses may damage e-auction sustainability. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
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Hamill, M., and D. Goldmeier. "Management of recurrent genital herpes: a survey of UK genitourinary medicine clinics in 2003." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646205774763216.
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We carried out a survey of all UK genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics, via postal questionnaire, in order to evaluate the current management of recurrent genital herpes (RGH) in the GU medicine setting. Respondents were invited to answer questions regarding various aspects of herpes simplex virus (HSV) management. There was a 62% response rate. Analysis of the returned surveys revealed that the vast majority of clinics (96%) provided drug treatment for RGH, with 81% having a clinic policy for the management of genital herpes (GH). A majority (64%) of clinics had access to some type of counselling or psychological therapy and 47% encouraged collaboration with primary care for follow-up prescribing. Of the clinics providing drug therapy for RGH, 80% used aciclovir alone with smaller numbers having access to aciclovir, famciclovir and valaciclovir. While many clinics are meeting the British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines, improvements can be made to increase the availability of psychological support to patients with HSV and improve links with primary care.
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Norris-Baker, Carolyn, and Rick J. Scheidt. "From ‘Our Town’ to ‘Ghost Town’?: The Changing Context of Home for Rural Elders." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 38, no. 3 (April 1994): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/djhh-ry74-1mvv-ddum.
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This research, grounded in a contextual view of environmental stress, employed an experiential field approach to explore outcomes of the continuing rural crisis of the past decade for elderly residents of four small Kansas towns. These rural changes threaten the survival of many towns, and affect their elderly residents, who often have enduring economic, social, and psychological investments in their homes and communities. At the same time, changes associated with aging may lead to transitions in the experience of home and community for these elderly individuals, regardless of the town's health. The two sources of change may have multi-faceted impacts on the well-being of the elderly individuals who experience them. Aspects of the research described here focus on environmental stressors related to housing and the meaning of attachment to home within economically-threatened communities. Some findings presented support previous research, while others reflect the region's unique socio-historical environment as a part of the Western Frontier. Implications for policy alternatives and the well-being of rural elderly are discussed.
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BOIKIVSKA, GALYNA, SVITLANA HLADUN, and OLGA KUTNIA. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH OF EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-6.
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The article examines the problems of employment of persons with disabilities and the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support in the field of regulation of employment of persons with disabilities. The employment rate of people with disabilities is a priority for a good life and an important indicator that gives them the right to feel like full members of society and get a positive impact on their psychological state. The concepts of state policy in the field of employment regulation of persons with disabilities are analyzed. The accumulated international and domestic experience shows that the effective solution of these problems is possible only within the model in which the political goals of the state, legal, economic, organizational and scientific skills, components of the social protection of persons with disabilities are pensions, state social insurance, state social insurance. support, system of benefits and compensations. Ukraine only at the first stage to inclusive development Inclusive development is based on the distribution of welfare, elimination of discrimination and participation of all labor resources, which provides a high standard of living for the majority of the population. Approaches to the definition of the terms “disability” and “persons with disabilities” in the legislation of different countries are systematized. Domestic legislation provides for a number of economic levers of influence on enterprises, institutions, organizations that use hired labor, in order to ensure employment of this category of citizens. The main problems of employment of people with disabilities and ways to overcome them are identified. Integrating people with disabilities into the labor market is a complex multilateral process that requires each country to find a specific combination of measures and funding opportunities. Successful implementation of measures is essential to create a comprehensive labor market with equal opportunities for all members of society.
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Rezapour, Mahdi, Kelly Cuccolo, Cristopher Veenstra, and F. Richard Ferraro. "An Item Response Theory to Analyze the Psychological Impacts of Rail-Transport Delay." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 6935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126935.
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Questionnaire instruments have been used extensively by researchers in the literature review for evaluation of various aspects of public transportation. Important implications have been derived from those instruments to improve various aspects of the transport. However, it is important that instruments, which are designed to measure various stimuli, meet criteria of reliability to reflect a real impact of the stressors. Particularly, given the diverse range of commuter characteristics considered in this study, it is necessary to ensure that instruments are reliable and accurate. This can be achieved by finding the relationship between the item’s properties and the underlying unobserved trait, being measured. The item response theory (IRT) refers to measurement of an instrument’s reliability by examining the relationship between the unobserved trait and various observed items. In this study, to determine if our instrument suffers from any potentially associated problems, the IRT analysis was conducted. The analysis was employed based on the graded response model (GRM) due to the ordinal nature of the data. Various aspects of the instruments, such as discriminability and informativity of the items were tested. For instance, it was found while the classical test theory (CTT) confirm the reliability of the instrument, IRT highlight some concerns regarding the instrument. Also, the person fit assessment measure, for instance, highlights some concern regarding respondents answering some of the questions due to lack of interest, choosing answers randomly. Not many studies have examined instruments’ reliability in determining the psychological impacts of public transportation on commuters in the way that was performed here.
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Robinson, Lisa A., and James K. Hammitt. "Behavioral Economics and the Conduct of Benefit-Cost Analysis: Towards Principles and Standards." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2011): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1059.
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As traditionally conducted, benefit-cost analysis is rooted in neoclassical welfare economics, which, in its most simplified form, assumes that individuals act rationally and are primarily motivated by self-interest, making decisions that maximize their welfare. Its conduct is evolving to reflect recent work in behavioral economics, which explores the psychological aspects of decisionmaking. We consider several implications for analyses of social programs, focusing largely on economic valuation. First, benefit-cost analysis often involves valuing nonmarket outcomes such as reductions in health and environmental risks. Behavioral research emphasizes the need to recognize that these values are affected by psychological as well as physical attributes. Second, benefit-cost analysis traditionally uses exponential discounting to reflect time preferences, while behavioral research suggests that individuals’ discounting may be hyperbolic. While the appropriate rates and functional form are uncertain, market rates best represent the opportunity costs associated with diverting funds to support a particular social policy or program. Such rates reflect the intersection between technological progress and individual preferences, regardless of whether these preferences fit the standard economic model or a behavioral alternative. Third, behavioral research emphasizes the need to consider the influence of other-regarding preferences on valuation. In addition to acting altruistically, individuals may act reciprocally to reward or punish others, or use the status of others as the baseline against which to assess their own well-being. Fourth, behavioral economics identifies factors that can help researchers develop valuation studies that provide well-informed, thoughtful preferences. Finally, while behavioral research has led some to argue for a more paternalistic approach to policy analysis, an alternative is to continue to focus on describing the preferences of those affected by the policy options while working to ensure that these preferences are based on knowledge and careful reflection. Benefit-cost analysis can be best viewed as a pragmatic framework for collecting, organizing, and evaluating relevant information.
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Han, Ke-Tsung. "Effects of Indoor Plants on the Physical Environment with Respect to Distance and Green Coverage Ratio." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133679.
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Few studies have conducted experiments in daily living environments to examine the effects of indoor plants on objective aspects of the physical environment. This study examined the effects of plant distance and green coverage ratio on the objective physical environment and subjective psychological perceptions, along with the correlation between the objective physical environment and subjective psychological perceptions regarding indoor plants. A randomized control trial of plant distance and green coverage ratio was conducted in a room located in the basement of a university building in Taiwan. Aspects of the objective physical environment were measured using air quality detectors. Subjective psychological perceptions were evaluated based on the questionnaire responses of 60 undergraduates. The results revealed that (1) regardless of number of plants, the closer the plant, the higher the CO2 level; (2) more indoor plants resulted in higher CO2 and humidity and lower PM2.5, PM10, and temperature; and (3) the lower the levels of fine and suspended particles in the air were, the stronger were the feelings of preference, naturalness of the environment, and pleasure in participants. Indoor plants that can regulate indoor air quality and microclimates without consuming energy warrant greater attention and wider application.
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Wardle, J., A. Miles, and W. Atkin. "Gender differences in utilization of colorectal cancer screening." Journal of Medical Screening 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0969141053279158.
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Objectives: To assess the demographic and psychological mediators of gender differences in uptake of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening for colorectal cancer. Setting: A subsample ( n=5462) from a large community trial of FS in the UK. Methods: Menand women randomized to screening as part of the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial were sent a postal questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics and attitudes to screening six months before their screening appointment. Attendance at screening was recorded by the screening centres. Results:More men than women attended screening (73% versus 67%). The higher male attendance was partially explained by their lower levels of socioeconomic deprivation, higher levels of marital status and lower perceived barriers to screening. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, men weremore likely than women to attend FS screening. This was partially explained by socioeconomic and attitudinal differences to screening, but additional research is needed to understand the key aspects of FS screening that will maximize screening uptake in men and women.
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Sharifzai, Mohammad Saraj, Keisuke Kitagawa, Ahmad Javid Habib, Mohammad Kamil Halimee, and Daishi Sakaguchi. "Investigation of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy Principles and Formulation Adoptable in Kabul City, Afghanistan." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p93.
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<p>In recent architectural and environmental research, principles of sustainability and affordability with respect to economic, environmental and social policies have been widely discussed on a worldwide scale. Urban housing planning can play a very important role in achieving sustainable growth and development by integrating ‘sustainable development principles’ into urban planning strategies, policies, programs and projects. In addition, affordability is at the heart of households’ efforts to improve their housing situation. It has been widely recognized that employment, income generation and access to housing are highly interrelated internationally. Housing affordability has become one of the dominant research topics in recent years. However, few studies have been undertaken to test the compatibility between affordable housing and sustainable housing. Sustainable and affordable development of housing, a basic unit of human settlement, is also a crucial component of social development in one community. It plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The concept of shelter differs from individual to individual depending on culture, tradition, profession and way of living. Besides being a basic necessity, it is also a source of identity that has a significant effect on the overall psychological well being of the inhabitants. Sustainable-affordable habitat can be described as a way of developing and maintaining a living environment supporting human health (both physical and psychological), satisfying shelter needs, and protecting and preserving nature for future generations. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for defining housing problems from the perspective of the support of beneficiaries, and it seeks to analyze the effectiveness of Afghan national development policies in facilitating sustainable-affordable habitat across the country. The framework shows the interdependency of different aspects of sustainability in the process of housing development. It also sets out strategies and identifies policy initiatives required to realize the goal of sustainable-affordable habitat in Kabul. The principles developed in this paper can be generally applied and adopted in Afghanistan, a country that is less developed economically.<br />A fundamental understanding of these two issues is necessary to develop successful examples of this form of accommodation. Because of three decades of socioeconomic and political instability in Afghanistan, the country does not have a national housing policy. This paper tries to create the foundation for an Afghan national housing policy. This research reveals that the majority of Kabul residents are low- or medium-income earners that cannot afford housing produced under market conditions. This paper aims to identify suitable built forms for housing that is both affordable and environmentally sustainable. A series of case studies were conducted to investigate some of the best international forms to be adopted in practices at the national scale. The research is conducted qualitatively, and the required data is acquired from a site survey of Kabul, in addition to data from new World Bank and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Master Plans. The result was the development of a framework that enables the assessment of the overall performance of various types of housing development. There is very little evidence that the present approach of housing provision linked to the vagaries of market forces has provided affordable housing, especially for government employees and low-income citizens. There is a need to incorporate social housing into a policy to assist people who cannot provide their own housing needs.</p>
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Cho, Minjung. "Residential satisfaction among low-income single-mother households: the case of residential welfare facilities in South Korea." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-09-2019-0218.
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PurposeThis paper examines residential satisfaction in welfare housing facilities exclusively built for low-income single-mother households in South Korea. The main objective is to identify predictors from among various domains such as sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of residents, as well as objective and subjective characteristics of their residential environment.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method field study evaluates data obtained via structured questionnaires administered to 233 low-income single mothers in 23 residential welfare facilities across South Korea, supplemented by facility observations and interviews with housing staff from 16 facilities.FindingsResidential satisfaction was found to be a multidimensional construct predicted by a number of variables, with psychological characteristics being dominant. Significant predictors were also identified among physical and sociospatial environmental characteristics, such as plan type, management and service and personal space.Practical implicationsThe results of this study highlight the significance of the human aspects of management and the sociospatial quality of housing unit spaces to provide a sense of protection and privacy for the residents, which emphasizes the importance of management, design and policy improvements to increase satisfaction in welfare facility residents.Originality/valueCurrently, data for special housing conditions of female-headed households in unstable housing affordability are relatively few and outdated. A critical examination of the physical and sociospatial quality of short-term subsidized public housing for low-income single-mother households in South Korea expands the current knowledge in this field to various sociodemographic and cultural contexts.
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Santo-Tomás Muro, Rocío, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados, and Eva J. Rodríguez Romero. "Green Infrastructures in the Peri-Urban Landscape: Exploring Local Perception of Well-Being through ‘Go-Alongs’ and ‘Semi-Structured Interviews’." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 6836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176836.
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Providing conditions for health and well-being, especially for those most exposed to social and environmental inequalities, is a precondition for sustainable development. Green infrastructures in peri-urban areas have the potential to improve the quality of life of locals by fostering healthy practices, providing views, or bringing nature closer to the city. This work explores the local perception of well-being within urban green infrastructures (UGI) in the peri-urban fringe of Madrid (Spain) through a combination of qualitative methods: “go-alongs” and “semi-structured static interviews”. The grounded-theory based codification of the data using NVivo software and their subsequent analysis results in the identification of social, natural, and perceptual elements that prove to play a relevant role in locals’ perception of well-being. Among these, connectivity with other green spaces, panoramic views and place-based memories are aspects that seem to make UGI serve the community at its full potential, including perceived physical and psychological well-being. We identify in each case study both positive characteristics of UGI and dysfunctional aspects and areas of opportunity. Lastly, a methodological, geographical, and theoretical discussion is made on the relevance of the case studies and pertinence of the two interview methods as valuable tools for analysis and intervention in the peri-urban landscape.
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He, Yan-Feng, Chie-Peng Chen, and Rung-Jiun Chou. "The Key Factors Influencing Safety Analysis for Traditional Settlement Landscape." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123431.
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The secure layout of traditional settlements is key to their sustainability. The criteria and assessment framework for spatial safety have not yet been systematically summarized, and their safety assessment criteria and dimensions have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aims to develop the constructs, assessment framework, and relational network, and analyze the association among and roles of key criteria of the spatial safety of traditional settlements using the Delphi method, DANP (DEMATEL (Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory)-based ANP (Analytic Network Process) method), and IPA (Importance–Performance Analysis) for case studies. Based on the results, this study extracted the localized elements of traditional settlements to create special local settlements. This study found that: (1) the dimensions of spatial safety include spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects, and 16 criteria, eight of which are key criteria; (2) religious beliefs are important and have mutual influence on the organization and source of other criteria; (3) the use of IPA found that key criteria together makes up safe living places. Spiritual defense combines trust with the sense of belonging; the physical defense constructs a spatial environment; and behavioral defense involves daily life activities. Spiritual defense consists of psychological consolation and has a complementary relationship with physical defense. Behavioral defense has a social organizational system, which it reflects in spiritual and physical defenses. The spiritual, physical, and behavioral defenses are related to each other, and are reflected in the psychological, spatial, and living aspects. Overall, when taken together, the spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects of the spatial safety criteria of settlements construct safe living places.
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Leporelli, Emanuele, and Giovanni Santi. "From Psychology of Sustainability to Sustainability of Urban Spaces: Promoting a Primary Prevention Approach for Well-Being in the Healthy City Designing. A Waterfront Case Study in Livorno." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030760.
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One of the main objectives of contemporary society and international research is to improve the physical and psychological health and well-being of the population, especially within the urban space. An effective approach to address this complex issue must necessarily be trans-disciplinary, and must be framed in the broader perspective of the Science of Sustainability, in particular the Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development, as a frame of reference. The study shows the first results of research, in terms of methodology and qualitative analysis, with the following objectives—identification of the criteria for intervention for a healthy city design, with particular attention to the psychological, architectural, and construction aspects, and an initial verification of these criteria, through a case study consisting of a section of the city’s waterfront, in the city of Livorno. This case study has enabled, both, the definition of an innovative design and implementation of solutions, for the correct use, accessibility, and management of spaces. It provides the first evaluation of a possible digital analyses of a waterfront, before and after intervention; and highlights the potential and the critical aspects of the process of recovery and re-appropriation of an urban space, for a new social life, within it.
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Sedliačiková, Mariana, Patrik Aláč, and Mária Moresová. "How Behavioral Aspects Influence the Sustainable Financial Decisions of Shareholders: An Empirical Study and Proposal for a Relevant Decision-Making Concept." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124813.
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Behavioral finance is an area or sub-discipline of behavioral economics that examines the real financial behavior and decision-making of people, including the knowledge of psychology and sociology. The objective of this paper was to identify and investigate the impact of significant cognitive, psychological and emotional factors affecting the financial decision-making of the shareholders of woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises. This could lead to the design of decision-making concepts which take into account not only cognitive but also psychological and emotional factors and their influences on decision-making process, which could positively affect the sustainable development of the aforementioned types of enterprises. The mapping of the addressed issue was carried out by means of an empirical survey in the practice of the Slovak woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the survey were evaluated by descriptive, graphical and mathematical-statistical methods. Conclusions and recommendations were formulated based on the identification of key behavioral aspects (knowledge, security, freedom and sadness), the implementation of which could contribute to eliminating negative deviations and errors in the financial decision-making process of shareholders of woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises.
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Viola, Fabio. "Electric Vehicles and Psychology." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020719.
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The popularity of electric vehicles is evidenced by the broad range of manufacturers presenting new models of plug-in hybrid and battery vehicles. However, the success of the revolution or, rather, the rebirth of electric vehicles, is hanging by a thread, as it lacks the involvement of a large number of users, and many psychological mechanisms hinder it. What are users’ true feelings about this new world of vehicles? Are people ready for the fifth level of automation, i.e., fully automatic driving and the absence of the driving position? The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the psychological aspects that influence the adoption of electric vehicles. Topics such as the chicken and egg paradox (electric vehicles and charging stations) and performance anxiety (regarding, e.g., range) are addressed. This review is characterized by contradictions and irony.
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Baba, Camilla, Ade Kearns, Emma McIntosh, Carol Tannahill, and James Lewsey. "Is empowerment a route to improving mental health and wellbeing in an urban regeneration (UR) context?" Urban Studies 54, no. 7 (February 26, 2016): 1619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016632435.
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Urban regeneration (UR) programmes are recognised as a type of Population Health Intervention (PHI), addressing social and health inequalities. Policy recommends programmes involve communities through engagement and empowerment. Whilst the literature has started to link empowerment with health improvement, this has not been within an UR context. As part of broader research on the economic evaluation of community empowerment activities, this paper examines how health gains can be generated through promoting empowerment as well as identifying whether feelings of empowerment are associated with residents personal characteristics or perceptions of their neighbourhood. Using 2011 Community Health and Wellbeing Survey (GoWell) cross-sectional data, ordinal logistic regression and simple linear regression analysis of 15 Glasgow neighbourhoods undergoing regeneration with 4302 adult householders (≥16 years old) was completed. Analyses identified strong associations ( P≥ 0.05) between empowerment and the mental health subscale of the SF12v2 and with several items of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) scale. Furthermore, residents’ who felt more empowered reported more positive attitudes towards their surroundings and housing providers. This concurs with recent evidence of the importance of residents’ psychological investments in their neighbourhood influencing their sense of place attachment. Such analyses present initial evidence of the value of investing resources within UR programmes to activities geared towards increasing residents’ empowerment as a means of producing those health gains often sought by more costly aspects of the programmes.
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Searle, Aidan, Lone Gale, Rona Campbell, Mark Wetherell, Karen Dawe, Nikki Drake, Colin Dayan, John Tarlton, Jeremy Miles, and Kavita Vedhara. "Reducing the burden of chronic wounds: Prevention and management of the diabetic foot in the context of clinical guidelines." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 13, no. 3_suppl (October 2008): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2008.008011.
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Objectives: Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot and venous leg ulcers are a major burden for health services. Our programme was developed to explore the psychological and behavioural factors that may influence both the incidence of chronic wounds and their progression. The present article focuses on two particular aspects of the programme: patient knowledge of diabetic foot ulceration and factors influencing foot-related behaviour in patients with and without foot ulcers; and patient and podiatrist perspectives of consultations for diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Two independent qualitative studies were undertaken: one with diabetic patients without a history of ulceration; and the other with diabetic patients with active ulceration and podiatrists treating these patients. Results: We found that patients may find it difficult understanding the rationale underlying prevention and treatment of foot ulcers; ulcerated patients may find it difficult to engage in the management of their foot ulcer outside consultations; and some podiatrists feel frustrated and unsupported in their attempts at empowering and building partnerships with patients. Conclusion: Patient and practitioner factors may contribute to the effective implementation of clinical guidelines regarding education, partnership building and shared decision-making. These findings are discussed in relation to patient education, partnership building and shared decision-making as recommended in NICE guidelines.
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Pourmarzi, Davoud, Andrew Smirnov, Lisa Hall, Gerard FitzGerald, and Tony Rahman. "‘I’m over the moon!’: patient-perceived outcomes of hepatitis C treatment." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 4 (2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20013.
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Understanding patient-perceived outcomes is crucial for assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. This study aimed to explore patient-perceived outcomes of receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). This study was a part of a mixed-methods case study of the Prince Charles Hospital program for improving access to HCV treatment in community settings. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with nine patients who were in different stages of their treatment for HCV. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Patients emphasised ‘having more energy’ when reporting improvements in their physical health following treatment. They also reported a newly developed sense of freedom and hope. Improved physical and mental health empowered them to start a healthy lifestyle and to practise self-protection from the risk of re-infection. Patients highlighted their desire to help other patients to receive treatment, which was connected to their experience of the services that they received and their perceived health outcomes. Patients expect and experience various outcomes that are related to the physical, psychological and social aspects of living with, and being cured of HCV. Emphasis on the short-term outcomes of receiving HCV treatment may improve HCV treatment uptake and adherence rates.
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Cheong, Ngiam, Morgan, Pek, Tan, Lai, Koh, Ong, and Ho. "Acute Health Impacts of the Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze Problem—A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183286.
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Air pollution has emerged as one of the world’s largest environmental health threats, with various studies demonstrating associations between exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Regional air quality in Southeast Asia has been seasonally affected by the transboundary haze problem, which has often been the result of forest fires from “slash-and-burn” farming methods. In light of growing public health concerns, recent studies have begun to examine the health effects of this seasonal haze problem in Southeast Asia. This review paper aims to synthesize current research efforts on the impact of the Southeast Asian transboundary haze on acute aspects of public health. Existing studies conducted in countries affected by transboundary haze indicate consistent links between haze exposure and acute psychological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity and mortality. Future prospective and longitudinal studies are warranted to quantify the long-term health effects of recurrent, but intermittent, exposure to high levels of seasonal haze. The mechanism, toxicology and pathophysiology by which these toxic particles contribute to disease and mortality should be further investigated. Epidemiological studies on the disease burden and socioeconomic cost of haze exposure would also be useful to guide policy-making and international strategy in minimizing the impact of seasonal haze in Southeast Asia.
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Ward, Mark, Niamh Clarke, Minjuan Wang, Christine A. McGarrigle, Céline De Looze, Aisling M. O’Halloran, and Rose Anne Kenny. "Study protocol for TILDA COVID-19 survey. Altered lives in a time of crisis: preparing for recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of older adults." HRB Open Research 4 (May 12, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13248.1.
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Background: Older adults are the most at-risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and among the most affected by measures put in place to prevent the spread of the virus. While the full effect of the public health measures, such as social distancing and wearing masks in public spaces, implemented since March 2020 are not yet known, it is expected that they will have a severely damaging effect on physical and psychological wellbeing. The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) has been researching the lives of older adults in Ireland since 2008 with data collection conducted at two-year intervals. With an established research infrastructure, TILDA was ideally placed to examine the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on older adults. The aim of this study is to document the lives of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand the effect of the pandemic and public health responses on their wellbeing. Methods: Data was collected from TILDA participants via self-completion-questionnaire (SCQ). The SCQ contains ten sections that capture information on many aspects of people’s lives during the pandemic including, changes in behaviour and social interactions, physical and psychological wellbeing indicators, healthcare utilisation, and exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Ethical approval was granted by the National Research Ethics Committee (NREC). Conclusions: Research findings will be shared in a variety of formats including research reports and briefs, presentations, and academic papers. Data will be archived in the Irish Social Science Data Archive (ISSDA) and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). As well as documenting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults, findings from this study will provide important information to policy-makers as we respond to the damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Panda, Shilpi Smita, and Nihar Ranjan Mishra. "Factors affecting temporary labour migration for seasonal work: a review." Management Research Review 41, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 1176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2017-0104.
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Purpose Seasonal labour migration is a common form of temporary migration where the work of the migrant labour depends on seasonal conditions and is performed only during that period of year. This paper aims to identify the factors and subfactors of temporary labour migration from the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an extensive review of the literature on temporary labour migration. Studies done from 1990 to 2016 were considered for review. The literatures from research articles, book chapters, working papers, conference papers and field-based project reports from various disciplines, like economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology and management studies were reviewed for critically analysing various factors affecting seasonal labour migration. Findings A total of five key factors and 60 subfactors of temporary labour migration were documented from previous studies. The findings of the study are organized under five thematic segments: economic factors, social factors, environmental factors, policy-related factors and psychological factors New aspects of seasonal migration were identified such as “role of labour contractors ”, “inter-generational mobility”, “social networks”, “grassroot politics”, “migrant’s relationship with the agents”, “labour registration process”, “market intervention” and “civil society intervention” after consultation with the subject experts and field study. Research limitations/implications The paper restricts itself to include aspects of temporary labour migration. Only the factors and subfactors affecting temporary migration are taken into purview. Further the findings of the paper can be empirically tested to know the significance of each factor and subfactor. Practical implications The paper has implications for better understanding of the temporary labour migration process in different context by focussing extensively on the factors of migration. The factors identified can be empirically tested in regional and local context, which would provide effective insights for policy formulation for the welfare and protection of the migrant workers. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to provide a holistic review for understanding and documenting various factors and subfactors that affect the process of temporary labour migration.
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Grazuleviciute-Vileniske, Indre, Lina Seduikyte, Armanda Teixeira-Gomes, Ana Mendes, Anatolijs Borodinecs, and Deimante Buzinskaite. "Aging, Living Environment, and Sustainability: What Should be Taken into Account?" Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051853.
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The aging population presents numerous challenges and the design and management of living environments are not an exception. This literature review and analysis brings together topics related to the living environment of the aging population and the concept of sustainability. The article presents the review of the existing design concepts that are applied to planning the environment for the elderly, including (i) design for all, (ii) universal design, and (iii) inclusive design. Furthermore, this review highlights the aspects of sustainability and the peculiarities of the aging population that should be taken into account in the design and management of their living environment. Key points related to sustainable aging are highlighted, and the possibility of complementing the existing design concepts with the concept of biophilic design is proposed in order to strengthen their social, psychological, and ecological aspects.
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Santisi, Giuseppe, Ernesto Lodi, Paola Magnano, Rita Zarbo, and Andrea Zammitti. "Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 5238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135238.
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Quality of life is a multidimensional concept, a construct influenced by objective and subjective factors that include the evaluation of functional, physical, social, and emotional aspects of the person. The recent contributions of positive psychology present the quality of life as a fundamental indicator for health promotion and prevention strategies. In the recent psychological studies about this topic, courage demonstrated to positively affect several work behavioral outcomes, personal identity, and prosocial actions. Courage promotes change, innovation, and coping skills to achieve aims, and it correlates positively with many individual resources. The aim of the study was to investigate, according to the positive psychology approach, the relationships between psychological capital and two dimensions of quality of life—life satisfaction and flourishing—with particular attention to the mediation function performed by courage. The research was attended by a convenience sample of 807 Italian workers, balanced by gender, belonging to public, private, and non-profit organizations, and recruited on a voluntary basis. Participants responded to a structured online questionnaire containing the following measures: Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Courage Measure, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Flourishing Scale. Cronbach’s alpha on each scale showed very good internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed according to a model of linear structural equations. In the first step, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the model fit of the measurement model; in the second step, we verified the mediation hypothesis through Process v.3.1. Finally, the correlations were implemented using SPSS 20.0. The results showed that, in general, psychological capital predicts life satisfaction and flourishing, with an indirect mediation effect of courage only on flourishing. Two main conclusions emerged from the study: flourishing and life satisfaction are representative indicators of the quality of life; courage emerges as an important psychological resource that supports the individual to face and manage the uncertainties of the risk society.
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Choi, Eunsoo, Eunji Kim, Inji Kim, and Incheol Choi. "Attitude Toward Social Enterprises: A Comparison between For-Profit and Social Enterprise Employees." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072720.
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Social enterprises, organizations that pursue social purposes while generating profits, have garnered attention recently as potential key players for a sustainable economy. However, research on the perception of social enterprises by lay people has been ignored even though positive reception of social enterprises is an important condition for their sustainability. In the present study, we compared for-profit enterprise employees (n = 200) and social enterprise employees (n = 162) and examined their differences in attitude toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises as well as the employees working for social enterprises. The results showed that for-profit enterprises overestimated that social enterprise employees were extrinsically motivated and underestimated their prosocial intentions. In addition, for-profit enterprise employees were less favorable toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises, including payment of high salaries for the social enterprise employees and using donations to run social enterprises. Interestingly, the difference between for-profit and social enterprise employees in their attitude toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises was explained by lay theories of altruism called “pure altruism.” The present research makes important contributions by identifying the psychological mechanisms that underlie individuals’ perceptions and attitude toward social enterprises.
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McGeechan, Grant James, Catherine Richardson, Kevin Weir, Lynn Wilson, Gillian O’Neill, and Dorothy Newbury-Birch. "Evaluation of a pilot police-led suicide early alert surveillance strategy in the UK." Injury Prevention 24, no. 4 (July 19, 2017): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042344.
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IntroductionThose bereaved by suicide are at increased risk of psychological harm, which can be reduced with the provision of timely support. This paper outlines an evaluation of a pilot police-led suicide strategy, in comparison to a coroner-led suicide strategy looking at the number, and length of time it takes for deaths to be recorded for each strategy. Additionally, the police-led strategy offers timely contact from support services for bereaved individuals. We examined what impact this offer of support had on the capacity of support services.MethodsA mixed methods evaluation compared how long it took for suspected suicides to be recorded using both strategies. The number of referrals received by support services during the pilot strategy were compared with those from previous years. A feedback focus group, and interviews, were held with key stakeholders.ResultsThe coroner strategy was more consistent at identifying suspected suicides; however, reports were filed quicker by the police. Bereaved individuals were willing to share contact details with police officers and consent for referral to support services which lead to increased referrals. The focus group and interviews revealed that the pilot police strategy needs better integration into routine police practice.ConclusionsThis strategy has the potential to deliver a real benefit to those bereaved by suicide; however, there are still aspects which could be improved.
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McCann, Edward, Gráinne Donohue, and Michael Brown. "Experiences and Perceptions of Trans and Gender Non-Binary People Regarding Their Psychosocial Support Needs: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Research Evidence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073403.
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People who identify as trans and gender non-binary experience many challenges in their lives and more interest is being paid to their overall health and wellbeing. However, little is known about their experiences and perceptions regarding their distinct psychosocial needs. The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate and synthesize the existing research evidence relating to the unique psychological and social experiences of trans people and identify aspects that may help or hinder access to appropriate psychosocial interventions and supports. The PRISMA procedure was utilized. A search of relevant databases from January 2010 to January 2021 was undertaken. Studies were identified that involved trans people, and addressed issues related to their psychosocial needs. The search yielded 954 papers in total. Following the application of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 18 papers were considered suitable for the systematic review. Quality was assessed using the MMAT instrument. Following analysis, four themes were identified: (i) stigma, discrimination and marginalization (ii) trans affirmative experiences (iii) formal and informal supports, and (iv) healthcare access. The policy, education and practice development implications are highlighted and discussed. Future research opportunities have been identified that will add significantly to the body of evidence that may further the development of appropriate health interventions and supports to this population.
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Tao, Hai, Md Arafatur Rahman, Ahmed AL-Saffar, Renrui Zhang, Sinan Q. Salih, Jasni Mohamad Zain, and Al-Anood M. Al-Hajri. "Security robot for the prevention of workplace violence using the Non-linear Adaptive Heuristic Mathematical Model." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203419.
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BACKGROUND: Nowadays, workplace violence is found to be a mental health hazard and considered a crucial topic. The collaboration between robots and humans is increasing with the growth of Industry 4.0. Therefore, the first problem that must be solved is human-machine security. Ensuring the safety of human beings is one of the main aspects of human-robotic interaction. This is not just about preventing collisions within a shared space among human beings and robots; it includes all possible means of harm for an individual, from physical contact to unpleasant or dangerous psychological effects. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, Non-linear Adaptive Heuristic Mathematical Model (NAHMM) has been proposed for the prevention of workplace violence using security Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC). Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is an area of research with a wide range of up-demands, future scenarios, and potential economic influence. HRC is an interdisciplinary field of research that encompasses cognitive sciences, classical robotics, and psychology. RESULTS: The robot can thus make the optimal decision between actions that expose its capabilities to the human being and take the best steps given the knowledge that is currently available to the human being. Further, the ideal policy can be measured carefully under certain observability assumptions. CONCLUSION: The system is shown on a collaborative robot and is compared to a state of the art security system. The device is experimentally demonstrated. The new system is being evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.