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Anciano, D. "Psychological aspects of headache." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356831.
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Broyles, Susan Elizabeth. "The relationship of chronic tension headache to individual and family stressors." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54771.
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Tension, or muscle contraction, headache is by definition associated with life stress. However, there has been relatively little empirical research on the role of naturally occurring stressors in causing tension headache. The current investigation sought to examine some psychological variables hypothesized to be related to chronic tension headache, particularly psychosocial factors. The temporal relationship of headache activity and stress was a major focus. A second purpose of the study was to investigate the family as a particularly salient environmental source of stress for the headache sufferer. Experimental subjects were 18 family pairs, with one member diagnosed as having chronic tension headache. Control subjects were 15 family pairs in which one member had recently sustained an orthopedic injury, resulting in pain. All subjects kept a 14-day diary, monitoring mood swings, the occurrence of stressful events, headache and other somatic complaints. Subjects participated in a semi-structured interview and completed questionnaires concerning depression, anxiety, physical complaints, life hassles, previous illness experiences, and family life. Analyses revealed moderate correlation between targets' average headache activity and average diary ratings of their own hassles and their families' hassle. Additionally, correlations between targets' average headache activity and their own average mood ratings and physical symptom ratings approached significance. Concerning temporal relationships, analyses revealed mild-to-moderate isomorphic correlations between target headache activity and diary ratings of target hassles. Cross-lagged correlations indicated daily headache fluctuations were also mildly-to-moderately related to target hassles from the previous day and the following day. Temporal results are discussed in terms of potential cause and consequence. Implications are discussed in terms of support for a multi-component model of chronic tension headache.Ph. D.
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Sardas, Isabela. "Cultural Differences in Pain Experience and Behavior among Mexican, Mexican American and Anglo American Headache Pain Sufferers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279369/.
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Review of previous research on cultural differences in pain experience and/or pain behavior revealed that cultural affiliation affects pain perception and response. Unfortunately, the many inconsistent findings in the literature on cultural differences in pain experience and behavior have made interpretations and comparisons of results problematic. These inconsistent findings could be attributed to variations in acculturation level among cultural groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate cultural differences in pain experience (assessed by McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Box Scale, the Headache Pain Drawing, and the Headache Questionnaire) and pain behavior (measured by determining medication use and interference of daily functioning due to headaches) among Mexican (n = 43), Mexican American (n = 36), and Anglo American (n = 50) female chronic headache pain sufferers. The contribution of acculturation to differences in pain experience and behavior among cultural groups was measured by the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans. The three cultural groups of women significantly differed on pain experience and pain behavior. Specifically, Mexican women experienced their headache pain more intensely, severely, and emotionally than Mexican American and Anglo American women. Furthermore, Mexican women were more willing to verbally express their pain than the other two groups. As for pain behavior, Mexican women took more medication and reported more severe inhibition of daily activities due to headaches than Mexican American and Anglo American women. Ethnic identity, ethnic pride, and language preference were factors in the acculturation process which contributed the most to women's chronic pain experience and behavior. The greatest variability occurred within the Mexican American group of women who perceived themselves as being more Mexican in attitudes and/or behaviors, but more similar to Anglo American in their pain experience and pain behavior. Results are explained using biocultural multidimensional pain theory, social learning theory, and acculturation theory.
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Bosco, Abelardo. "Cefaleia em crianças : sinal de vulnerabilidade ao stress : estudo comparativo em dois hospitais publicos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311489.
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Orientadores: Elisabete Abib Pedroso de Souza, Maria Valeriana de Leme Moura-RibeiroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o stress em crianças com cefaléia do tipo tensional e migrânea atendidas nos hospitais públicos HC/UNICAMP e Complexo Ambulatorial Ouro Verde. Também buscou relacionar a cefaléia com fatores psicossociais, ansiedade, depressão, variáveis demográficas e da própria doença. Foram selecionadas 60 crianças, considerando-se como critérios de inclusão : faixa etária entre 7 e 12 anos, estarem frequentando regularmente a escola, evolução do quadro de cefaléia igual ou superior a 6 meses, não apresentarem antecedentes de afecções neurológicas. Foram excluidos pacientes com processos infecciosos agudos, traumatismo crânio-encefálico recente, epilepsia, e transtorno psiquiátrico ou deficiência mental evidentes. O estabelecimento diagnóstico das categorias de cefaléia do Tipo Tensional ou Migrânea, seguiu os critérios propostos pela Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia ( 2004). A amostra foi homogênea com relação à idade, gênero, escolaridade, renda familiar, tipo e idade de início da cefaléia. Os sujeitos do HC//UNICAMP mostraram sintomas de cefaléia mais freqüentes (=9/mês) que os do Complexo Ambulatorial Ouro Verde. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Protocolo de Investigação Psicológica para Crianças com Cefaléia - versões para pais e crianças; Inventário de Sintomas de Stress Infantil ¿ ISS (Lipp et al, 1998); Escala de Auto-Avaliação para Crianças (Amaral e Barbosa, 1990); Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado - Forma C ( Biaggio,1983); Escala de Reajustamento Social (Elkind, 1981). Os resultados mostraram presença de sintomas de stress e de estressores psicossociais bem como a associação entre stress e migrânea significativamente maior no grupo do HC/UNICAMP do no Complexo Ambulatorial Ouro Verde. Ansiedade-traço e ansiedade-estado, assim como depressão estiveram presentes em ambos os grupos, mas não evidenciaram índices de significância inter-grupos. Houve associação significativa entre migrânea, stress e depressão para ambos os grupos. A exposição das crianças aos estressores psicossociais relacionados às contingências do contexto familiar ¿ preocupação, superproteção dos pais, dificuldade de relacionamento com os pais ¿ e também do contexto escolar - descritas como dificuldades de aprendizagem e repetências ¿ foram significativamente mais importantes para a amostra do HC/UNICAMP. Uma análise de contingências sobre a cefaléia para ambos os grupos mostrou que os antecedentes assistindo tv, realizando tarefas escolares, trabalhando e brincando, e o conseqüente interromper atividades na queixa, foram significativamente mais importantes para o controle do sintoma junto à amostra do HC/UNICAMP , enquanto que os conseqüentes faltar e sair mais cedo da escola foram significativos para as crianças do Complexo Ambulatorial Ouro Verde. Os relatos mostraram que o contexto familiar e escolar, atitudes parentais e relacionamentos interpessoais são importantes estressores na infância, tanto na cefaléia tensional como na migrânea, e que a dicriminação do stress e seus determinantes colabora no diagnóstico e tratamento da cefaléia na infância
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess stress in children suffering from tension and migraine headaches, treated at public hospitals such as HC/UNICAMP and Ouro Verde Ambulatory Complex. We also tried to associate headaches with anxiety, depression, illness and demographic factors. The study sample consisted of 60 children who fulfilled the selection criteria: age between 07 and 12 years; regular school attendance; evolution of headache symptoms during a period of six months or more; no antecedents of neurological disorders. Patients with acute infectious processes, recent cranio-encephalic trauma, epilepsy and psychiatric disorders or evident mental deficiency were excluded. The criteria used for tension or migraine headaches are specified by the International Headache Society (2004). The study sample was homogeneous in relation to age, sex, schooling, family income, type of headache and age at onset. The subjects at HC/UNICAMP demonstrated more frequent symptoms (=9/ month) than those at the Ouro Verde Complex. The tools used were: a protocol for a Psychological Investigation of Children with Headaches ¿ for parents and children; Stress Inventory for Children (Lipp, 1987); Self-assessment Scale for Children (Amaral, 1989), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, form C (Spielberger, 1970; Biaggio, 1983), Social Readjustment Scale (Elkind, 1981). The results revealed the presence of stress symptoms, psychosocial stressors and a significant relationship between stress and migraine in the HC/UNICAMP group. Trait anxiety and state anxiety as well as depression were present in both groups, but with no inter-group significance. A significant association was observed regarding stress, migraine and depression at both hospitals, HC/UNICAMP and Ouro Verde Ambulatory Complex. Exposure of the children to psychosocial stressors related to the family context such as parent¿s preoccupation and overprotection, difficult parent-child relationships as well as difficulties at school regarding learning and failures were significantly more important in the HC/UNICAMP group. An analysis of the data on headaches in both groups demonstrated that antecedents such as watching TV, school homework, working, playing and consequently interrupting activities due to the complaint, were significantly more important for symptom control in the HC/UNICAMP sample, while the consequences of being absent and leaving school earlier were significant for the children at the Ouro Verde Ambulatory complex. These reports demonstrate that school and family context, parental attitudes and interpersonal relationship are important childhood stressors for tension and migraine headaches. Identifying stress and its determinants helps in the diagnosis and treatment of headaches
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Sjöstrand, Christina. "Clinical and genetic aspects on cluster headache /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-363-9/.
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Materazzo, Felicity. "The role of psychological distress and coping on headache activity and perceived adjustment in chronic headache : a controlled study /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmm425.pdf.
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Vazquez, Eduardo B. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SLEEP QUALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS PATIENTS." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/236.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic daily headache (CDH) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients present with different psychological and sleep quality characteristics. Sixty seven patients diagnosed with CDH according to Silberstein et al.s classification criteria were matched by age, sex, pain intensity, and pain duration with 67 patients who had a primary diagnosis of myofascial pain (MP), and 67 patients with a primary diagnosis of TMJ intracapsular pain (IC) according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. The CDH group was comprised of three mutually exclusive diagnostic groups, that is transformed migraine (n=35), chronic tension-type headache (n=26), and other CDH (n=6). All CDH sub-groups showed similar psychological and sleep quality profiles. All patients completed a battery of psychological and sleep quality questionnaires. The CDH and MP groups revealed higher levels of psychological distress than the IC group on most psychological domains. The MP group also revealed numerically higher levels of psychological distress in most psychological domains than the CDH group, although these differences where not statistically significant. We did not find statistically significant differences between the three groups on post traumatic stress symptoms either. Sleep quality was significantly worse in the MP group than in the CDH and IC groups. These results are discussed in the context of multimodal patient evaluation and treatments that are necessary for successful clinical management.
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Dooley, Gordon. "Psychological aspects of psoriasis." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6009/.
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Psoriasis is a skin condition characterised by raised, red, scaling patches that cover the body to varying degrees, with a prevalence of 1-3% in Caucasian populations. There is evidence that sufferers hospitalised for treatment of then psoriasis are more depressed and more anxious than controls (e.g. Fava et al, 1980; Lyketsos et al, 1985), but conflicting evidence about whether psoriasis outpatients are also more depressed and anxious. The research presented in this thesis examined depression and anxiety in a group of psoriasis outpatients and found statistically significantly higher depression and anxiety levels than in a group of matched controls. The relationship over tune between area of coverage of psoriasis, depression and anxiety was examined in another group of psoriasis outpatients. Using multiple regression analysis, change in area of coverage between two assessments was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety at the second assessment, once levels at the first assessment had been accounted for. Self- esteem was also examined in this way and was found to be significantly related to psoriasis area of coverage, where worsening psoriasis was associated with a lowering of self-esteem. There were statistically significant differences between males and females. Pain had not previously been examined systematically in psoriasis outpatients, but was higher than pain in matched controls in the first study reported in this thesis. Consequently the quality of pain was examined further, and found not only to be significantly related to psoriasis area of coverage, but also was described in terms which suggested a distinct character to psoriasis pain. Fluctuations in sleep quality were also found to be significantly associated with psoriasis area of coverage. Visual assessment of psoriasis area of coverage was shown to be unreliable, so a computer program (SKINMAP) was developed to allow psoriasis lesions to be mapped onto a computer which then calculates area of coverage. SKINMAP estimates were shown to be statistically significantly more accurate and reliable than visual estimates. Informal conversations with psoriasis sufferers suggested that they held firm views about their condition which often did not coincide with medical views. Lay beliefs about psoriasis in a group of sufferers were therefore investigated in detail. Sufferers showed quite high levels of knowledge about the condition, but the nature of some common misconceptions was investigated through the use of semi-structured interviews, and the results highlighted the need for better patient education.
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Marchant-Haycox, Susan Elizabeth. "Psychological aspects of hysterectomy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338863.
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Björling, Elin A. "Exploring stress and headaches in adolescent females /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7285.
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Seng, Elizabeth K. "Development of the Acute Medication Self-Efficacy Scale for Headache." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1344946467.
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Pritchard, M. L. "Psychological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381050.
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Colin, Jessica. "Psychological aspects of psychiatric hospitalisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2935/.
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This thesis contains a literature review and a qualitative research project. The purpose of the literature review was to examine recent literature on service user perspectives on seclusion, to explore the psychological impact of being secluded. Thirteen studies were identified, and their methodological quality was evaluated. The findings of the studies were examined and common themes were identified. Although some service users reported some positive aspects of seclusion, the overall consensus is that seclusion is distressing. This review suggests additional recommendations to those in the NICE guidelines, which may reduce the negative psychological impact of seclusion on service users. The research project investigated the experiential impact on inpatient nursing staff of caring for individuals with early psychosis, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five main themes were identified: 1) Working with uncertainty, 2) Feeling restricted, 3) The ward as a threatening environment, 4) “You’re like my bloody mother” - Working with younger patients, and 5) “Shut the doors and go home” - Coping and self-preservation. Working in the acute inpatient environment can be distressing for staff, however, participants in the study associated working with younger patients experiencing their first admission with closer emotional attachments and increased hope for recovery.
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Hughes, Kathryn. "Psychological aspects of criminal propensity." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25777/.
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The psychological aspects of propensity to offend are considered. The relationship between attitude, personality, and reported offending is explored. Some literature considers how attitude influences offending; others look at the relationship between personality and offending. The present thesis proposes that there is a complex relationship between all three. The Attitude to Offending Style Scale measures preferences towards hypothetical offending styles. Shultzs’ FIRO-B explores the structure of interpersonal personality. Finally, an adaptation of Youngs’ D42 (D45) explores styles and level of reported offending. 254 members of the general public complete each of these self-report scales. An SSA-I tests the construct validity and structure of the scales stated above. Multiple regression analyses explore the relationship between attitude and personality, and how these influence level of reported offending. The moderating role of interpersonal personality is also considered. The findings reveal that Attitudes are categorized as: Instrumental or Expressive high risk, and Low risk. Shultzs’ FIRO-B scale has four facets: Expressed Inclusion Expressed Control, Received Inclusion and Received Control. Finally, reported offending is categorised as More or Less serious, Instrumental or Expressive, and target Person or Property. Results show that variations in attitude and personality styles are related to level of reported offending. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between attitude and level of reported offending is moderated by level of ‘Received Control’. More specifically, when an individual shows a positive attitude towards Instrumental high risk crimes and feel ‘controlled by others’, their level of reported offending is also likely to be high. The presented research shows the value of considering attitudes towards offending, the moderating role of interpersonal personality, and how this relates to level of reported offending. The methods employed throughout the thesis demonstrate the strength and validity of self-report measures. Results are applicable to many areas, including direction and methods in future research. The findings can be applied to areas such as rehabilitation, interview techniques and preventative measures.
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McKenna, Laurence. "Psychological aspects of auditory disorders : cognitive functioning and psychological state." Thesis, City, University of London, 1997. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17413/.
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This thesis presents six studies concerned with the psychological status of people with audiological disorders, particularly tinnitus and hearing loss. Study One (Part I of the thesis) employed a structured interview and the General Health Questionnaire to investigate the emotional status of subjects with a variety of audiological symptoms. Psychological disorder was found to be more prevalent among subjects complaining of vertigo (64%) than among those complaining of tinnitus (45%); the prevalence of psychological disorder among subjects complaining of hearing loss was lower than among tinnitus subjects (27%). A higher prevalence of disturbance was found among subjects with multiple symptoms. A previous history of psychological distress correlated with current ratings of disturbance. Studies Two and Three (Part II) are concerned with the psychology of cochlear implantation. Methodological issues concerning psychological assessment in this context are discussed. Study Two uses Repertory Grid Technique to assess the psychological consequences of using an implant. Eight out of ten subjects reported important changes in psychological well-being related to their use of the device. Study Three identifies a group of subjects applying for an implant while having a non-organic hearing loss. The implications for the use of standardised assessment procedures are discussed. Studies Four, Five and Six (Part III) assess the cognitive functioning of subjects with tinnitus. Tinnitus subjects' performance on neuropsychological tests is compared with that of hearing impaired control subjects. Subjects were also assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). The emotional status of the subjects was assessed using the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory was also used in Study Six. The groups were not distinguished by a number of neuropsychological tests, however it was found, in Studies Four and Five, that Tinnitus subjects' performance on verbal fluency tests was Significantly poorer than the Control subjects, after hearing loss was controlled for. In Study Six it was found that both Tinnitus and Control subjects performed less well than expected on the STROOP test; this was more apparent in the Tinnitus group. The Tinnitus group also obtained higher CFQ scores in Studies Four and Five. Trait anxiety was a feature of the Tinnitus groups. The implications for the cognitive functioning of both tinnitus and hearing impaired subjects are discussed in terms of Baddeley's model of working memory. The importance of these findings for complaint about tinnitus and hearing loss are considered.
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Sambrook, Paul John. "Psychological aspects of dentofacial surgery patients." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dms187.pdf.
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劉輝儉 and Fai-kim Lau. "Sociological, psychological aspects of internet swearwords." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256338.
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Gumley, Andrew Ian. "Psychological aspects of relapse in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12115.
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Following a review of the relevant literature a Cognitive Behavioural treatment protocol for the prevention of relapse in schizophrenia is presented. This treatment protocol is investigated in a 12-month non-blind randomised controlled trial comparing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Treatment as Usual (CBT + TAU) versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) alone. Three studies of treatment outcome are described: relapse and admission, remission and social functioning, and psychological distress. 144 participants with a DSM-IV Schizophrenia spectrum disorder were randomised to receive either CBT + TAU (n = 72) or TAU alone (n = 72). 11 participants dropped out (6 from CBT + TAU, 5 from TAU alone) leaving a completers sample of 133. Participants were assessed at entry, 12-weeks, 26-weeks, and 52 weeks. CBT was delivered over two stages: a 5-session engagement phase which was provided between entry and 12-weeks, and a targeted CBT phase which was delivered on the appearance of early signs of relapse. Over 12-months CBT + TAU was associated with significant reductions in relapse and admission rate. The clinical significance of the reduced relapse and admission rate amongst the CBT + TAU group was investigated. First, receipt of CBT + TAU was associated with improved rates of remission over 12-months. Second, clinically significant improvements in social functioning were investigated. Again, receipt of CBT + TAU was associated with clinically significant improvements in prosocial activities. However, receipt of CBT + TAU was not associated with improvements in psychological distress over 12-months. The theory underpinning the cognitive behavioural treatment protocol predicted that negative appraisals of self and psychosis represent a cognitive vulnerability to relapse. This hypothesis was investigated during the present 2 Abstract study. After controlling for clinical, treatment and demographic variables, negative appraisals of self and entrapment in psychosis were associated with increased vulnerability to relapse, whilst negative appraisals of self were associated with reduced duration to relapse. Finally, an explorative study of changes in negative appraisals of psychosis and self over time, which were associated with relapsers versus non-relapsers from the TAU alone group, was conducted. This study found a strong association between the experience of relapse, increasing negative appraisals of psychosis and self, and the development of psychological co-morbidity in schizophrenia. Results of treatment outcome and theoretical analyses are discussed in terms of their relevance to the further development of psychological models and treatments for psychosis.
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Lau, Fai-kim. "Sociological, psychological aspects of internet swearwords /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25474169.
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Kennerley, H. A. "Psychological and social aspects of maternity blues." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371549.
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Steggles, Naomi. "Psychological aspects of genetic testing for cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271020.
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Robertson, Kevin. "Health-related psychological aspects of playing squash." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282785.
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Grunfield, Elizabeth Alice. "Psychological and psychophysical aspects of spatial orientation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367952.
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Najarian, B. "Psychological and physiological aspects of Raynaud's Phenomenon." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234981.
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Mayall, Mark Nicholas Alexander. "Child hostages : psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial aspects." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407460.
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Emery, Josephine Angela. "Psychological aspects of IVF : a prospective study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685728.
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McKenzie, Samantha L. "Psychological and social aspects of bariatric surgery." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4936.
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This portfolio has three parts. The first is a systematic literature review, in which the psychological and social factors associated with successful weight loss after bariatric surgery are reviewed. The second part is an empirical paper, which investigates the experiences of women who have successfully lost weight following bariatric surgery, specifically with reference to changes in self-concept. Seven women were interviewed and emergent themes were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine subthemes were identified, clustered into three superordinate themes: (1) 'obesity as socially unacceptable', (2) 'making a case for surgery', and (3) 'the slim self as socially acceptable'. Links to self-concept were made, and clinical implications were discussed. The third part of the portfolio comprises of the reflective statement and appendices.
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Cerna, Zuzana. "Psychological preparedness for breast cancer surgery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56522.pdf.
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PAZDA, SUSAN LYNN. "ANOREXIA NERVOSA, BULIMIA, AND OBESITY: BODY WEIGHT AND BULIMIA AS DISCRIMINATORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184177.
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This study hypothesized body weight and eating patterns to be important discriminators of psychological characteristics among eating disordered groups. A total of 146 bulimic and non-bulimic women from underweight (anorexic), normal weight, and overweight (obese) categories were examined. Based upon the theoretical and research literature reviewed, this study hypothesized locus of control, personal potency, self-esteem, and psychopathology to be central psychological characteristics in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and obesity. These variables were measured by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Semantic Differential Potency Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, respectively. The relative importance of these variables in the disorders was also addressed. Results showed women in the eating disordered groups examined to demonstrate the following psychological characteristics: (1) Non-bulimic anorexics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, and hysteria; (2) Bulimic anorexics--the greatest external locus of control, the lowest self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, depression, a preoccupation with somatic concerns, and hypofemininity; (3) Normal weight bulimics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression; (4) Non-bulimic obese--low self-esteem; and (5) Bulimic obese--low self-esteem, an external locus of control, thought disorder and depression. The primary conclusion drawn from this study is that bulimia is a better predictor of the psychological characteristics than body weight. Bulimia, across all weight categories, was associated with an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression. That there was little variability in personality characteristics associated with bulimia across weight categories emphasized the stability of the symptom constellation associated with this disorder. This study supported the view of the normal weight bulimic as psychologically similar to the bulimic anorexic. This study also supported the stance that simple obesity does not represent a unitary psychological disorder.
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McAteer, Susan Mary Elizabeth. "Sleep dependent memory consolidation during a daytime nap in adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45590229.
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Franks, Susan F. (Susan Faye). "Negative Psychological States: Predictors for Immunological Health." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332521/.
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Relationships of negative psychological conditions with general status of cell-mediated and humoral immune systems were investigated. A unique approach was utilized in that indexes representing multiple aspects of each branch of the immune system were employed to better indicate general immunological status. Differences in emotion-immune interactions between males and females were demonstrated. Results indicated a positive relationship between Trait Anger and Cell-Mediated Immunological Index. Particular criticisms of previous psychoneuroimmunological research were met by addressing sex differences and differences in various conditions of anger and depression, as well as through assessment of cumulative effects of negative emotions on immune system status. Directions for future research in eddressing similar issues are suggested. In general, results provide support for validity of mindbody interactionism and imply the need for revision of standard medical and psychological treatment.
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BENJAMIN, GEORGE ANDREW HOLMES. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN LAW STUDENTS AND LAWYERS: IMAGINED, INGRAINED, OR INDUCED? (STRESS, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, SCHOOL)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187941.
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The anecdotal literature suggests that the process of legal education impairs the maintenance of emotional well being in law students. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a cross-sequential research design to determine the effects of the law school process. Data was collected, using four standardized self-report instruments (Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and Hassle Scale), on subjects prior to and during law school, and after graduation. Prior to law school, subjects expressed similar psychopathological symptom responses as compared with the normal population. Yet during law school and after graduation symptom levels were significantly elevated. The implications of these results are presented.
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Fent, Randa. "The harmful effects of discrimination : a meta-analysis of research." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32824.
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This thesis is designed to examine the effects of discrimination on its target. It aims to investigate the psychological, physical, perceptual and behavioral responses that individuals exhibit when faced with racist, sexist and heterosexist as well as other types of discriminatory acts. Through meta-analytic procedures, findings from existing studies investigating the impact of discrimination on the target were gathered and their average effect sizes calculated. A total of 50 empirical studies were identified, from which 84 effect sizes were derived. Using homogeneity analysis techniques, the studies' effect sizes were compared and analyzed. The results show significant heterogeneity in the overall mean effect size (0.38) of discrimination. Subsequent moderator variable investigations indicated that among discrimination acts, sexism had the highest mean effect size (0.64), while among the responses to discrimination, the perceptual factor showed the highest mean effect size (0.65). Additional moderator variables' investigations resulted in significant differences between Canadian and American settings in terms of discrimination acts and responses.
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Harwood, Kate. "Women's parenting expectations and their influence on adjustment to parenthood." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0019.
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[Truncated abstract] The transition to parenthood places a number of emotional, physical, and cognitive demands on individuals. It is also a role that many individuals choose, enjoy, and derive benefit from. This research examined how women's parenting expectations influence their adjustment to parenthood. Taylor & Brown (1988, 1994) suggest that unrealistically optimistic expectations are associated with positive psychological adjustment. However, research examining adjustment during the transition to parenthood has demonstrated that unrealistic expectations pertaining to some aspects of parenthood can have a negative effect on adjustment (Belsky, 1985; Hackel & Ruble, 1992). The primary aims of this thesis were to examine the relationship between optimistic expectations and adjustment, taking into account a broader range of expectations than previous work, and to examine how adjustment is influenced if expectations are overly optimistic relative to experiences.
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楊慧蘭 and Wai-lan Victoria Yeung. "The importance of consensus assessment in speech act comprehension." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223813.
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Wong, W. C., and 黃偉祖. "Development of a Chinese version of the movement specific reinvestmentscale." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257471.
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Xia, Yifei, and 夏怡斐. "The effect of the presentation format of bonus scheme on investors' judements and voting decisions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202352.
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Malhotra, Neha Deepak. "Exploring the role of movement specific reinvestment during practice and performance of tasks of varying complexity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208559.
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Six experiments were conducted in order to examine the role of movement specific reinvestment in performance of a range of tasks of varying complexity under different performance contexts. The first experiment investigated the role of movement specific reinvestment in performance of a fundamental laparoscopic skill under time pressure. It was found that individuals with a lower propensity for movement specific reinvestment were able to meet task demands by performing faster under time pressure than individuals with a higher propensity for movement specific reinvestment. Although movement specific reinvestment is often treated as a uni-dimensional construct, it is comprised of two dimensions of conscious processing; movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing. These dimensions appear to exert a differential influence on performance in different contexts. The second experiment therefore investigated the differential influence of the two dimensions of movement specific reinvestment on performance of a fundamental laparoscopic skill early and later in practice and on performance of a more complex, cross-handed laparoscopy task. Movement self-consciousness was found to play a more dominant role early and later in practice of a relatively simple, fundamental, laparoscopic skill than conscious motor processing, which played a more dominant role in performance of a more complex, cross-handed laparoscopic skill. The third and fourth experiments examined the differential influence of the two dimensions of movement specific reinvestment on a complex golf-putting skill early and later in practice (Experiment 3) and under low- and high-anxiety conditions (Experiment 4). Experiments 3 and 4 also examined the kinematic mechanisms underlying the influence of the two dimensions on putting performance. Findings from Experiment 3 revealed that movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing positively influenced putting performance early in practice, when learners were consciously engaged in the control of movements. However, later in practice movement self-consciousness alone positively influenced putting performance. Analysis of kinematic measures suggested that reduced variability of both impact velocity and putter face angle at impact mediated the positive influence of both movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing on putting performance. Findings from Experiment 4 revealed that movement self-consciousness positively influenced performance in the low-anxiety condition (and appeared to reduce variability of impact velocity), but not in the high-anxiety condition. It was argued that the attention demanding nature of anxiety (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992) potentially subdued the influence of movement self-consciousness under high-anxiety conditions. The fifth experiment confirmed this proposition as the positive influence of movement self-consciousness on quiet standing performance was no longer evident when an attention demanding dual-task was performed concurrently with a primary quiet standing task. The final experiment examined the unique influence of the two dimensions on laparoscopic performance during practice and under anxiety in a real-world anxiety provoking situation, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) (Muldoon, Biesty, & Smith, 2014; Nasir et al., in press). The findings of the six experiments are discussed within the framework of the Theory of Reinvestment (e.g., Masters, 1992; Masters & Maxwell, 2008).published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Selwyn-Cross, Halina. "An examination of psychological issues in the pregnancy and birth process with reference to personal responsibility and control." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002062.
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This study examines the psychological issues of personal responsibility and control in the childbirth process. It examines the implications of the woman's preparation process and the choices she makes during pregnancy and childbirth. It also explores the way in which the birthing environment and the woman's interpersonal relationships affect her experience of personal control within the context of the childbirth period. Use was made of the case study research design. This qualitative design involved indepth exploration, of cases in which the women had recently given birth to their first child in the local hospital of a small town. The data analysis involved the use of a "reading guide", established by the researcher to allow for the examination of the data specifically in terms of the themes in question. Within the study the importance and value of the woman's accurate and sufficient preparation for the birth was seen to facilitate a realistic sense of predictability, which led to an increased awareness and ability of the woman to remain in control. This, along with the active participation of the husband and supportive network in the hospital, allowed for a sharing of the responsibility within the labour situation. This taking and appropriately yielding of control and responsibility had positive effects on the woman's experience of the event and for initial mother-infant bonding
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Black, Beverley Mary. "The role of emotional awareness in the retirement transition." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5645.
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This study examines the role of emotional awareness in the retirement transition. Retirement is viewed as one of the transitions in later life and has psychological consequences. It is an objective development and social-psychological transformation that is related to physical and psychological well-being. Research has shown that emotional awareness can have an impact on the retirement transition. A correlational research survey design was used for this study to determine and establish the role of emotional awareness, preparation and emotional responses in the retirement transition. Using a five-point Likert Scale, respondents were asked to score their responses to twenty-eight items. The questionnaire was distributed to retirees on the data bases of two financial companies that manage retirement funds. The SurveyMonkey application was used to distribute the survey to one financial company’s data base, and email was used for the other. Statistics such as means, relationships between factors, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings of this study demonstrate inconclusive evidence of emotional awareness in retirement. In addition to this, there were no significant findings regarding preparation for retirement or emotional response to retirement which indicates a neutral attitude to preparation and retirement, on average. There is a need for further future studies that include a more balanced sample representation of men and women, a comparative study based on different cultures to determine if differences exist in the experience of emotions in the retirement transition, and a field study in retirement homes and villages to corroborate the findings of this study.
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Tighe, Martin G. "Psychological aspects of recurrent abdominal pain of childhood." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262578.
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Sams-Iheme, Mira. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIEP15793.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women.
The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African- American women were administered. l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African- American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women.
Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Iheme, Mira Sams. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9821010.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine. whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women. The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African-American women were administered. Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African-American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women. Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Miles, Anne Elizabeth. "An investigation into psychological aspects of chronic pain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249347.
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Moody, Lesley Ann. "Psychological aspects of additional procedures following breast reconstruction." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6642.
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Aims: The main objective of this research was to compare psychological distress (anxiety and depression) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) between two groups of women: those who had undergone breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer (BR) and those who had undergone breast reconstruction and additional procedures (BR-AP). Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the possible reasons why women might undergo additional procedures following breast reconstruction. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective design was employed and data was collected at one time period only. Ninety seven patients were recruited (69.3% of the total patient cohort) who attended prearranged clinic appointments between August 2006 and February 2007 at a regional Breast Care Unit. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher in the BR-AP group compared to the BR group. This difference was not significant for anxiety, however it was approaching statistical significance for depression (p = 0.09). The BR-AP group had a significantly higher BID than the BR group (p = 0.045). There was some evidence that undergoing additional procedures predicted depression (p = 0.060) and BID (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Undergoing additional procedures following breast reconstruction may not lead to a positive psychological outcome in terms of anxiety, depression and body image dissatisfaction. In view of the cost that undergoing these procedures presents to the NHS, coupled with the assumption that they offer psychological benefits, further research that prospectively examines psychological aspects of women seeking additional procedures is strongly recommended. Knowledge gained from such research is likely to assist in the pre-operative assessment of these women.
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Miles, Jeremy N. V. "Psychological aspects of psoriasis : a statistical modelling approach." Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314246.
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Walder, Cristine P. "Psychological aspects of day-case surgery for children." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317582.
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Roberts, N. M. "Psychological aspects of rehabilitation in three orthopaedic populations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355238.
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Ryan, F. S. "Psychological aspects of dentofacial discrepancy and orthognathic treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1402348/.
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This mixed methods study, conducted in four sections, examined a number of key areas in relation to dentofacial discrepancy and orthognathic treatment: Chapter 1: Pre-treatment psychological characteristics of orthognathic patients This was a cross-sectional study using validated questionnaires to assess the pre-treatment psychological profile, personality, quality of life, and perceptions of appearance of 68 orthognathic patients. These factors were compared with normative values and significant differences were found between the patients and normative population for several psychological traits. Chapter 2: Impact, motivations, and expectations in relation to orthognathic treatment: A qualitative study This was a qualitative study exploring the impact of dentofacial deformity, orthognathic patients’ motivations for, and expectations of, treatment. Data were collected from 18 pre-treatment patients using in-depth interviews and these were analysed using the Critical Qualitative Theory method. The full range of impacts, motivations, and expectations was analysed and reported, together with a clinically useful typology of patients based on expectations. Chapter 3: Social anxiety in orthognathic patients This study involved assessing social anxiety in orthognathic patients. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale was used. As no UK normative data existed, initially a national survey was conducted of a random sample of 1196 individuals from the general UK population to establish norms for social anxiety with which to compare the cohort of 61 pre-treatment orthognathic patients. The results revealed that orthognathic patients had significantly higher levels of social anxiety than the general population. Chapter 4: Shared decision-making in orthognathic treatment There is increasing evidence that the extent to which patients are involved in their treatment decisions may affect outcomes. In this study, the extent to which clinicians involved 61 orthognathic patients in treatment decision-making was assessed using the OPTION scale. The results revealed overall low levels of shared decision-making and reasons for this are discussed.
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De, Andrade Ruaan Kriel. "The relationship between psychological capital and psychological well-being." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020096.
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A study of the available literature on Psychological WellQBeing and Positive Organisational Scholarship revealed that enormous potential existed for further research. This is a relatively new field with limited literature and research evidence available. It became very clear from the beginning that the relationships between these constructs could successfully be researched. It was therefore decided to embark on an academic research journey in order to contribute to the existing knowledge available on these constructs within the South African Private Healthcare Industry. This quantitative research was used to obtain more clarity about the relationships between the two constructs and to gather the responses from the research population. The research sample consisted of 152 nursing staff. Two questionnaires were integrated to develop the Nursing Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire and consisted of i) PsyCap Questionnaire developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio2007, and ii) Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire developed by Ryff 2000. A total of 152 nursing staff responded to an 87–item paperQbased questionnaire. Four research questions were formulated and covered the following: •The content, validity and portability of the measuring instruments; •The configuration of the various constructs; • Relationships between some of the variables . The content and the structure of the measuring instruments were assessed by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and) Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA). These assessments showed that the original measuring instruments are not portable to a culture which is different to the one where they were originally developed. The relationship between dimensions of Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap sense of achievement and optimism is a significant finding. The significance of the findings of this study and the contribution that it makes to the existing theory is seen in the importance of the portability of measuring instruments. Recommendations in this regard have been made in Chapter 5. Various findings have also highlighted the relationships between Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap. The importance of future research topics has been recommended.