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1
Sonnenberg, Stefanie. "Money and 'self' : towards a social psychology of money and its usage." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14192.
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This thesis contends that the subjective meanings and value attached to money may, in part, be a function of identity-related norms and values. This proposed relationship between identity issues and monetary attitudes/behaviour is explored across a series of methodologically diverse studies. It is argued that psychological approaches to money, despite their efforts to the contrary, frequently concur with traditional economic models of human behaviour in so far as they rest on similarly static, de-contextualised notions of the self. The research described here aims to substitute these implicit assumptions about the nature of selfhood with a social psychological account of the 'self and thus with an explicit focus on subjective identification processes, ha doing so, the present approach draws on the Social Identity tradition. First, findings from an exploratory interview study illustrate a) that identity concerns are central for people's understandings of money, b) that the relationship between money and selfhood is dilemmatic, and c) that money meanings and usage relate to identity across different levels of abstractions (i.e. personal, social, human). Second, a series of experimental studies (based on predictions derived from the Social Identity model of the self) shows that attitudes towards money can vary as a function of both social identity salience and the comparative context in which a given identity is salient. The association between social identification, specific identity contents and monetary attitudes is also addressed. Finally, an exploration of the relationship between identity concerns and decision-making processes within a Prisoner's Dilemma-type setting indicates that identity and the social knowledge derived from it play a crucial role, not only with regard to how people attempt to meet their goals in this context but also in terms of how these goals are defined. The broader implication of these findings with regard to 'rational choice' models of human agency are discussed.
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Viken, Kjetil. "Elasticity of Money as a Reinforcer: Assessing Multiple Compositions of Unit Price." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2234/.
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Behavioral economics is the integration of concepts from micro-economics into behavior analysis. Most of the research in behavioral economics has been done with non-human subjects and with drugs as reinforcers. This study represents an extension of previous research to assess money as a reinforcer with humans as subjects. The participants in this study solved math problems to earn money at various unit prices. Results indicate that demand of money adhered to the law of demand in that consumption decreased as unit prices increased. An underlying assumption is that consumption should be equivalent at different compositions of unit price. Replications of either the same or different compositions of unit price indicated that there were some discrepancies in consumption in this study.
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Wells, Casandra. "An integrative model of psychological and economic factors to better predict consumer saving behavior : theoretical foundations and an empirical investigation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29985.
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Williams, Jack Keith. "A Behavioral Economic Analysis of the Effects of Unit Price Sequence on Demand for Money in Humans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3107/.
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Three groups of participants were exposed to different unit price sequences. Unit prices for all groups ranged from unit price 1 to 21. Analyses of demand curves, response rates, session duration, and elasticity coefficients suggest that the sequence of exposure to unit prices can affect the elasticity of demand. In addition, the size of unit price contrast, direction of unit price change, and proximity to experimental milestones also may affect the consumption of monetary reinforcers.
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Hanley, Alice Marie 1960. "An exploration into compulsive buying behavior." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277234.
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This study was designed to explore the nature of compulsive buying behavior with respect to self esteem and money attitude variables. Conjointly, a newly developed screening device, the Compulsive Buying Scale, was used to test its ability to discern compulsive buying tendencies amongst consumers. Comparison was made with participating members of intact compulsive buying help groups and "normal" consumers. Compulsive buyers were found to significantly differ from normal consumers on variables tested. Compulsive buyers were found to have lower self esteem with money attitudes reflecting obsession with money and its perceived power and prestige. Likewise, compulsive buyers differed significantly on the Compulsive Buying Scale adding support to the validity of the scale.
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Burgoyne, Carole B. "The meanings of money." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292071.
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Dooley, Gordon. "Psychological aspects of psoriasis." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6009/.
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Psoriasis is a skin condition characterised by raised, red, scaling patches that cover the body to varying degrees, with a prevalence of 1-3% in Caucasian populations. There is evidence that sufferers hospitalised for treatment of then psoriasis are more depressed and more anxious than controls (e.g. Fava et al, 1980; Lyketsos et al, 1985), but conflicting evidence about whether psoriasis outpatients are also more depressed and anxious. The research presented in this thesis examined depression and anxiety in a group of psoriasis outpatients and found statistically significantly higher depression and anxiety levels than in a group of matched controls. The relationship over tune between area of coverage of psoriasis, depression and anxiety was examined in another group of psoriasis outpatients. Using multiple regression analysis, change in area of coverage between two assessments was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety at the second assessment, once levels at the first assessment had been accounted for. Self- esteem was also examined in this way and was found to be significantly related to psoriasis area of coverage, where worsening psoriasis was associated with a lowering of self-esteem. There were statistically significant differences between males and females. Pain had not previously been examined systematically in psoriasis outpatients, but was higher than pain in matched controls in the first study reported in this thesis. Consequently the quality of pain was examined further, and found not only to be significantly related to psoriasis area of coverage, but also was described in terms which suggested a distinct character to psoriasis pain. Fluctuations in sleep quality were also found to be significantly associated with psoriasis area of coverage. Visual assessment of psoriasis area of coverage was shown to be unreliable, so a computer program (SKINMAP) was developed to allow psoriasis lesions to be mapped onto a computer which then calculates area of coverage. SKINMAP estimates were shown to be statistically significantly more accurate and reliable than visual estimates. Informal conversations with psoriasis sufferers suggested that they held firm views about their condition which often did not coincide with medical views. Lay beliefs about psoriasis in a group of sufferers were therefore investigated in detail. Sufferers showed quite high levels of knowledge about the condition, but the nature of some common misconceptions was investigated through the use of semi-structured interviews, and the results highlighted the need for better patient education.
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Marchant-Haycox, Susan Elizabeth. "Psychological aspects of hysterectomy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338863.
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Anciano, D. "Psychological aspects of headache." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356831.
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Wang, Xijing. "The psychological effects of money : objectification, outcome maximization, and agency." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057149/.
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As one of the greatest inventions, money has brought profound changes and convenience to economic trading. However, when it comes to interpersonal relationships, money could have a dark underbelly. A growing number of empirical studies have convergingly revealed that money results in unethicality. The aim of this dissertation was to uncover the underneath social cognitive mechanism. In particular, it was proposed that objectification and more broadly outcome maximization were the driving force. Indeed, in the first set of experiments (Exp. 1-5), it was found that love of money led to objectification. In particular, people with a motivation towards money, either demonstrated via their monetary attitudes or temporarily activated by an experimental manipulation, tended to view and treat social targets as tools for their goal attainment (Exp. 1-2), Meanwhile, they denied the mind of irrelevant others, including human, anthropomorphic objects, and animals (Exp. 3-5). In the second set of experiments (exp. 6-11), it was further demonstrated that people’s behaviours were guided by the principle of outcome maximization in economic games in which money, rather than candy (control condition), acted as the mode of exchange. Specifically, participants’ decision-making was less affected by the emotions of their counterplayers when such information was irrelevant to maximizing their gain (Exp. 6-9). Instead, they showed an increased level of strategic consideration, and this effect was due to their motive to maximize their outcome (Exp. 10 and 11). In the final set of experiments (Exp. 12-14), the link between money and agency was demonstrated. As such, assigning economic value to robots shaped the agency (but not experience) people perceived in these targets (Exp. 12 and 13), which unfortunately did not grant them moral rights (Exp. 14). These findings made significant contributions to the money literature both in terms of the empirical findings and the paradigms employed.
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Hughes, Kathryn. "Psychological aspects of criminal propensity." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25777/.
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The psychological aspects of propensity to offend are considered. The relationship between attitude, personality, and reported offending is explored. Some literature considers how attitude influences offending; others look at the relationship between personality and offending. The present thesis proposes that there is a complex relationship between all three. The Attitude to Offending Style Scale measures preferences towards hypothetical offending styles. Shultzs’ FIRO-B explores the structure of interpersonal personality. Finally, an adaptation of Youngs’ D42 (D45) explores styles and level of reported offending. 254 members of the general public complete each of these self-report scales. An SSA-I tests the construct validity and structure of the scales stated above. Multiple regression analyses explore the relationship between attitude and personality, and how these influence level of reported offending. The moderating role of interpersonal personality is also considered. The findings reveal that Attitudes are categorized as: Instrumental or Expressive high risk, and Low risk. Shultzs’ FIRO-B scale has four facets: Expressed Inclusion Expressed Control, Received Inclusion and Received Control. Finally, reported offending is categorised as More or Less serious, Instrumental or Expressive, and target Person or Property. Results show that variations in attitude and personality styles are related to level of reported offending. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between attitude and level of reported offending is moderated by level of ‘Received Control’. More specifically, when an individual shows a positive attitude towards Instrumental high risk crimes and feel ‘controlled by others’, their level of reported offending is also likely to be high. The presented research shows the value of considering attitudes towards offending, the moderating role of interpersonal personality, and how this relates to level of reported offending. The methods employed throughout the thesis demonstrate the strength and validity of self-report measures. Results are applicable to many areas, including direction and methods in future research. The findings can be applied to areas such as rehabilitation, interview techniques and preventative measures.
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Pritchard, M. L. "Psychological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381050.
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Colin, Jessica. "Psychological aspects of psychiatric hospitalisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2935/.
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This thesis contains a literature review and a qualitative research project. The purpose of the literature review was to examine recent literature on service user perspectives on seclusion, to explore the psychological impact of being secluded. Thirteen studies were identified, and their methodological quality was evaluated. The findings of the studies were examined and common themes were identified. Although some service users reported some positive aspects of seclusion, the overall consensus is that seclusion is distressing. This review suggests additional recommendations to those in the NICE guidelines, which may reduce the negative psychological impact of seclusion on service users. The research project investigated the experiential impact on inpatient nursing staff of caring for individuals with early psychosis, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five main themes were identified: 1) Working with uncertainty, 2) Feeling restricted, 3) The ward as a threatening environment, 4) “You’re like my bloody mother” - Working with younger patients, and 5) “Shut the doors and go home” - Coping and self-preservation. Working in the acute inpatient environment can be distressing for staff, however, participants in the study associated working with younger patients experiencing their first admission with closer emotional attachments and increased hope for recovery.
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McKenna, Laurence. "Psychological aspects of auditory disorders : cognitive functioning and psychological state." Thesis, City, University of London, 1997. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17413/.
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This thesis presents six studies concerned with the psychological status of people with audiological disorders, particularly tinnitus and hearing loss. Study One (Part I of the thesis) employed a structured interview and the General Health Questionnaire to investigate the emotional status of subjects with a variety of audiological symptoms. Psychological disorder was found to be more prevalent among subjects complaining of vertigo (64%) than among those complaining of tinnitus (45%); the prevalence of psychological disorder among subjects complaining of hearing loss was lower than among tinnitus subjects (27%). A higher prevalence of disturbance was found among subjects with multiple symptoms. A previous history of psychological distress correlated with current ratings of disturbance. Studies Two and Three (Part II) are concerned with the psychology of cochlear implantation. Methodological issues concerning psychological assessment in this context are discussed. Study Two uses Repertory Grid Technique to assess the psychological consequences of using an implant. Eight out of ten subjects reported important changes in psychological well-being related to their use of the device. Study Three identifies a group of subjects applying for an implant while having a non-organic hearing loss. The implications for the use of standardised assessment procedures are discussed. Studies Four, Five and Six (Part III) assess the cognitive functioning of subjects with tinnitus. Tinnitus subjects' performance on neuropsychological tests is compared with that of hearing impaired control subjects. Subjects were also assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). The emotional status of the subjects was assessed using the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory was also used in Study Six. The groups were not distinguished by a number of neuropsychological tests, however it was found, in Studies Four and Five, that Tinnitus subjects' performance on verbal fluency tests was Significantly poorer than the Control subjects, after hearing loss was controlled for. In Study Six it was found that both Tinnitus and Control subjects performed less well than expected on the STROOP test; this was more apparent in the Tinnitus group. The Tinnitus group also obtained higher CFQ scores in Studies Four and Five. Trait anxiety was a feature of the Tinnitus groups. The implications for the cognitive functioning of both tinnitus and hearing impaired subjects are discussed in terms of Baddeley's model of working memory. The importance of these findings for complaint about tinnitus and hearing loss are considered.
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Sambrook, Paul John. "Psychological aspects of dentofacial surgery patients." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dms187.pdf.
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劉輝儉 and Fai-kim Lau. "Sociological, psychological aspects of internet swearwords." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256338.
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Gumley, Andrew Ian. "Psychological aspects of relapse in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12115.
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Following a review of the relevant literature a Cognitive Behavioural treatment protocol for the prevention of relapse in schizophrenia is presented. This treatment protocol is investigated in a 12-month non-blind randomised controlled trial comparing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Treatment as Usual (CBT + TAU) versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) alone. Three studies of treatment outcome are described: relapse and admission, remission and social functioning, and psychological distress. 144 participants with a DSM-IV Schizophrenia spectrum disorder were randomised to receive either CBT + TAU (n = 72) or TAU alone (n = 72). 11 participants dropped out (6 from CBT + TAU, 5 from TAU alone) leaving a completers sample of 133. Participants were assessed at entry, 12-weeks, 26-weeks, and 52 weeks. CBT was delivered over two stages: a 5-session engagement phase which was provided between entry and 12-weeks, and a targeted CBT phase which was delivered on the appearance of early signs of relapse. Over 12-months CBT + TAU was associated with significant reductions in relapse and admission rate. The clinical significance of the reduced relapse and admission rate amongst the CBT + TAU group was investigated. First, receipt of CBT + TAU was associated with improved rates of remission over 12-months. Second, clinically significant improvements in social functioning were investigated. Again, receipt of CBT + TAU was associated with clinically significant improvements in prosocial activities. However, receipt of CBT + TAU was not associated with improvements in psychological distress over 12-months. The theory underpinning the cognitive behavioural treatment protocol predicted that negative appraisals of self and psychosis represent a cognitive vulnerability to relapse. This hypothesis was investigated during the present 2 Abstract study. After controlling for clinical, treatment and demographic variables, negative appraisals of self and entrapment in psychosis were associated with increased vulnerability to relapse, whilst negative appraisals of self were associated with reduced duration to relapse. Finally, an explorative study of changes in negative appraisals of psychosis and self over time, which were associated with relapsers versus non-relapsers from the TAU alone group, was conducted. This study found a strong association between the experience of relapse, increasing negative appraisals of psychosis and self, and the development of psychological co-morbidity in schizophrenia. Results of treatment outcome and theoretical analyses are discussed in terms of their relevance to the further development of psychological models and treatments for psychosis.
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Lau, Fai-kim. "Sociological, psychological aspects of internet swearwords /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25474169.
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Ghanem, Mohamed. "The Islamic concept of money and its financial implications." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683373.
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McKenzie, Samantha L. "Psychological and social aspects of bariatric surgery." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4936.
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This portfolio has three parts. The first is a systematic literature review, in which the psychological and social factors associated with successful weight loss after bariatric surgery are reviewed. The second part is an empirical paper, which investigates the experiences of women who have successfully lost weight following bariatric surgery, specifically with reference to changes in self-concept. Seven women were interviewed and emergent themes were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine subthemes were identified, clustered into three superordinate themes: (1) 'obesity as socially unacceptable', (2) 'making a case for surgery', and (3) 'the slim self as socially acceptable'. Links to self-concept were made, and clinical implications were discussed. The third part of the portfolio comprises of the reflective statement and appendices.
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Kennerley, H. A. "Psychological and social aspects of maternity blues." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371549.
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Steggles, Naomi. "Psychological aspects of genetic testing for cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271020.
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Robertson, Kevin. "Health-related psychological aspects of playing squash." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282785.
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Grunfield, Elizabeth Alice. "Psychological and psychophysical aspects of spatial orientation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367952.
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Najarian, B. "Psychological and physiological aspects of Raynaud's Phenomenon." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234981.
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Mayall, Mark Nicholas Alexander. "Child hostages : psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial aspects." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407460.
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Emery, Josephine Angela. "Psychological aspects of IVF : a prospective study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685728.
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Cerna, Zuzana. "Psychological preparedness for breast cancer surgery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56522.pdf.
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Cipriano, Pirgo Manuel. "Legal Aspects of Electronic Money: Financial Inclusion Instrument. The Peruvian Model." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119096.
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In the first part, the background of electronic money is explained, then it provides a detailed account of how it has evolved in Africa, where there has been a huge success, given the advantages and applications it has, and how it has been working. Elsewhere, other models of electronic money that are emerging in the world, such as Google Wallet, Apple Pay, and experiences in Peru as Wanda and Your Mobile Money.In the third part, some aspects of the recent regulation of electronic money in Peru are required by Act No. 29985, which regulates the basic characteristics of electronic money. Finally, it details the recent proposal that ASBANC has been working on through the Model Peru, as well as technological and regulatory risks that still must be faced.En una primera parte se explica los antecedentes del dinero electrónico, luego se pasa a exponer detalladamente de cómo éste se ha desarrollado en África, donde ha tenido un enorme éxito dadas las ventajas y aplicaciones que tiene, y la manera como viene funcionando. En otra parte se señalan otros modelos de dinero electrónico que vienen surgiendo en el mundo, tales como Google Wallet, Apple Pay, y experiencias en Perú como el de Wanda y Tu Dinero Móvil.En la tercera parte se precisan algunos aspectos de la reciente regulación del dinero electrónico en el Perú, mediante la Ley Nº 29985, que regula las características básicas del Dinero Electrónico. Finalmente se detalla la reciente propuesta que viene trabajando ASBANC, a través del Modelo Perú, así como los riesgos tecnológicos y regulatorios que aún se debe afrontar.
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Adler, Seth. "Biopsychosocial dynamics of money in relation to power, reason, emotion, and psychological depression /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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McAteer, Susan Mary Elizabeth. "Sleep dependent memory consolidation during a daytime nap in adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45590229.
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PAZDA, SUSAN LYNN. "ANOREXIA NERVOSA, BULIMIA, AND OBESITY: BODY WEIGHT AND BULIMIA AS DISCRIMINATORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184177.
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This study hypothesized body weight and eating patterns to be important discriminators of psychological characteristics among eating disordered groups. A total of 146 bulimic and non-bulimic women from underweight (anorexic), normal weight, and overweight (obese) categories were examined. Based upon the theoretical and research literature reviewed, this study hypothesized locus of control, personal potency, self-esteem, and psychopathology to be central psychological characteristics in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and obesity. These variables were measured by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Semantic Differential Potency Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, respectively. The relative importance of these variables in the disorders was also addressed. Results showed women in the eating disordered groups examined to demonstrate the following psychological characteristics: (1) Non-bulimic anorexics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, and hysteria; (2) Bulimic anorexics--the greatest external locus of control, the lowest self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, depression, a preoccupation with somatic concerns, and hypofemininity; (3) Normal weight bulimics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression; (4) Non-bulimic obese--low self-esteem; and (5) Bulimic obese--low self-esteem, an external locus of control, thought disorder and depression. The primary conclusion drawn from this study is that bulimia is a better predictor of the psychological characteristics than body weight. Bulimia, across all weight categories, was associated with an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression. That there was little variability in personality characteristics associated with bulimia across weight categories emphasized the stability of the symptom constellation associated with this disorder. This study supported the view of the normal weight bulimic as psychologically similar to the bulimic anorexic. This study also supported the stance that simple obesity does not represent a unitary psychological disorder.
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Keirnan, Elizabeth Carole, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Medicine, money and madness : conversations with psychiatrists - a postmodern perspective." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Keirnan_E.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/533.
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Foucault speaks of the formation of an individual’s identity, or the process of becoming someone else, as a worthy game. For postmodernists, it is considered a life-long process of reconstruction and re-evaluation. The identities that are the focus of this research are psychiatrists, but also the self. This research follows previous post-graduate research that reflected on knowledge, power, space, surveillance, the body and organisational control. The major questions of this earlier research was; “What constituted normality in the work place and who were the arbiters of this normality” Chapter one of this work - Psychiatrists in Post-modernity, introduces the research project through the research questions, motivation for the project and the challenges to be met. Chapter two is a theoretical chapter that presents Post-modern Philosophical Perspective and discusses the history of development of post-modern thought in social research. Chapter three – History, Myth and Reality, places today’s psychiatry in Australia, in historical context. Chapter four – People, Politics and Purpose, considers the current state of mental health policy in Australia. Chapter five – Methodology and Methods, considers the methodological debate in the social sciences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. Chapter six – Outcomes and Interpretation presents an interpretation of the research interviews and discusses the connections and possible meanings of the stories told by psychiatrists, within the context of the post-modern philosophical perspective. Chapter seven – Post-modern Psychiatry considers the question: is there or can there be a post-modern psychiatry? It takes the interpretations, connections and meanings from Chapter six and locates them in the wider social context of the Australian National Mental Health StrategyDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Franks, Susan F. (Susan Faye). "Negative Psychological States: Predictors for Immunological Health." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332521/.
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Relationships of negative psychological conditions with general status of cell-mediated and humoral immune systems were investigated. A unique approach was utilized in that indexes representing multiple aspects of each branch of the immune system were employed to better indicate general immunological status. Differences in emotion-immune interactions between males and females were demonstrated. Results indicated a positive relationship between Trait Anger and Cell-Mediated Immunological Index. Particular criticisms of previous psychoneuroimmunological research were met by addressing sex differences and differences in various conditions of anger and depression, as well as through assessment of cumulative effects of negative emotions on immune system status. Directions for future research in eddressing similar issues are suggested. In general, results provide support for validity of mindbody interactionism and imply the need for revision of standard medical and psychological treatment.
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Amor, Lynne. "What is the intimate experience of couples following the woman's cancer-related breast surgery?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/919.
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The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe and interpret the experience of couples following the woman's surgery for breast cancer, in order to gain an in depth understanding of how this mutilating surgery affects their everyday lives. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Australian women, and in most industrialised nations. Women in Australia have a one in fourteen lifetime risk of developing the disease. Little is known concerning what meanings this surgery brings to the intimacy experienced between partners. It is important to seek knowledge of the phenomenon of intimacy, how the couples understand it, and how breast surgery has affected it, if at all. Literature to date has focused on the psychological and physiological effects of mastectomy on women, with little attention given to the plight of partners. A phenomenological approach was chosen for the study, and a purposive sample of seven couples was selected for the interviews. Primary data was obtained from audio taped interviews and from participant observation. Data analysis followed the protocol outlined by Colaizzi (1978), and seeks to describe, interpret and extrapolate common themes and meanings from the data.
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BENJAMIN, GEORGE ANDREW HOLMES. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN LAW STUDENTS AND LAWYERS: IMAGINED, INGRAINED, OR INDUCED? (STRESS, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, SCHOOL)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187941.
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The anecdotal literature suggests that the process of legal education impairs the maintenance of emotional well being in law students. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a cross-sequential research design to determine the effects of the law school process. Data was collected, using four standardized self-report instruments (Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and Hassle Scale), on subjects prior to and during law school, and after graduation. Prior to law school, subjects expressed similar psychopathological symptom responses as compared with the normal population. Yet during law school and after graduation symptom levels were significantly elevated. The implications of these results are presented.
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Black, Beverley Mary. "The role of emotional awareness in the retirement transition." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5645.
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This study examines the role of emotional awareness in the retirement transition. Retirement is viewed as one of the transitions in later life and has psychological consequences. It is an objective development and social-psychological transformation that is related to physical and psychological well-being. Research has shown that emotional awareness can have an impact on the retirement transition. A correlational research survey design was used for this study to determine and establish the role of emotional awareness, preparation and emotional responses in the retirement transition. Using a five-point Likert Scale, respondents were asked to score their responses to twenty-eight items. The questionnaire was distributed to retirees on the data bases of two financial companies that manage retirement funds. The SurveyMonkey application was used to distribute the survey to one financial company’s data base, and email was used for the other. Statistics such as means, relationships between factors, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings of this study demonstrate inconclusive evidence of emotional awareness in retirement. In addition to this, there were no significant findings regarding preparation for retirement or emotional response to retirement which indicates a neutral attitude to preparation and retirement, on average. There is a need for further future studies that include a more balanced sample representation of men and women, a comparative study based on different cultures to determine if differences exist in the experience of emotions in the retirement transition, and a field study in retirement homes and villages to corroborate the findings of this study.
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Harwood, Kate. "Women's parenting expectations and their influence on adjustment to parenthood." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0019.
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[Truncated abstract] The transition to parenthood places a number of emotional, physical, and cognitive demands on individuals. It is also a role that many individuals choose, enjoy, and derive benefit from. This research examined how women's parenting expectations influence their adjustment to parenthood. Taylor & Brown (1988, 1994) suggest that unrealistically optimistic expectations are associated with positive psychological adjustment. However, research examining adjustment during the transition to parenthood has demonstrated that unrealistic expectations pertaining to some aspects of parenthood can have a negative effect on adjustment (Belsky, 1985; Hackel & Ruble, 1992). The primary aims of this thesis were to examine the relationship between optimistic expectations and adjustment, taking into account a broader range of expectations than previous work, and to examine how adjustment is influenced if expectations are overly optimistic relative to experiences.
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Fent, Randa. "The harmful effects of discrimination : a meta-analysis of research." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32824.
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This thesis is designed to examine the effects of discrimination on its target. It aims to investigate the psychological, physical, perceptual and behavioral responses that individuals exhibit when faced with racist, sexist and heterosexist as well as other types of discriminatory acts. Through meta-analytic procedures, findings from existing studies investigating the impact of discrimination on the target were gathered and their average effect sizes calculated. A total of 50 empirical studies were identified, from which 84 effect sizes were derived. Using homogeneity analysis techniques, the studies' effect sizes were compared and analyzed. The results show significant heterogeneity in the overall mean effect size (0.38) of discrimination. Subsequent moderator variable investigations indicated that among discrimination acts, sexism had the highest mean effect size (0.64), while among the responses to discrimination, the perceptual factor showed the highest mean effect size (0.65). Additional moderator variables' investigations resulted in significant differences between Canadian and American settings in terms of discrimination acts and responses.
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楊慧蘭 and Wai-lan Victoria Yeung. "The importance of consensus assessment in speech act comprehension." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223813.
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Wong, W. C., and 黃偉祖. "Development of a Chinese version of the movement specific reinvestmentscale." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257471.
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Xia, Yifei, and 夏怡斐. "The effect of the presentation format of bonus scheme on investors' judements and voting decisions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202352.
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Malhotra, Neha Deepak. "Exploring the role of movement specific reinvestment during practice and performance of tasks of varying complexity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208559.
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Six experiments were conducted in order to examine the role of movement specific reinvestment in performance of a range of tasks of varying complexity under different performance contexts. The first experiment investigated the role of movement specific reinvestment in performance of a fundamental laparoscopic skill under time pressure. It was found that individuals with a lower propensity for movement specific reinvestment were able to meet task demands by performing faster under time pressure than individuals with a higher propensity for movement specific reinvestment. Although movement specific reinvestment is often treated as a uni-dimensional construct, it is comprised of two dimensions of conscious processing; movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing. These dimensions appear to exert a differential influence on performance in different contexts. The second experiment therefore investigated the differential influence of the two dimensions of movement specific reinvestment on performance of a fundamental laparoscopic skill early and later in practice and on performance of a more complex, cross-handed laparoscopy task. Movement self-consciousness was found to play a more dominant role early and later in practice of a relatively simple, fundamental, laparoscopic skill than conscious motor processing, which played a more dominant role in performance of a more complex, cross-handed laparoscopic skill. The third and fourth experiments examined the differential influence of the two dimensions of movement specific reinvestment on a complex golf-putting skill early and later in practice (Experiment 3) and under low- and high-anxiety conditions (Experiment 4). Experiments 3 and 4 also examined the kinematic mechanisms underlying the influence of the two dimensions on putting performance. Findings from Experiment 3 revealed that movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing positively influenced putting performance early in practice, when learners were consciously engaged in the control of movements. However, later in practice movement self-consciousness alone positively influenced putting performance. Analysis of kinematic measures suggested that reduced variability of both impact velocity and putter face angle at impact mediated the positive influence of both movement self-consciousness and conscious motor processing on putting performance. Findings from Experiment 4 revealed that movement self-consciousness positively influenced performance in the low-anxiety condition (and appeared to reduce variability of impact velocity), but not in the high-anxiety condition. It was argued that the attention demanding nature of anxiety (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992) potentially subdued the influence of movement self-consciousness under high-anxiety conditions. The fifth experiment confirmed this proposition as the positive influence of movement self-consciousness on quiet standing performance was no longer evident when an attention demanding dual-task was performed concurrently with a primary quiet standing task. The final experiment examined the unique influence of the two dimensions on laparoscopic performance during practice and under anxiety in a real-world anxiety provoking situation, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) (Muldoon, Biesty, & Smith, 2014; Nasir et al., in press). The findings of the six experiments are discussed within the framework of the Theory of Reinvestment (e.g., Masters, 1992; Masters & Maxwell, 2008).published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Selwyn-Cross, Halina. "An examination of psychological issues in the pregnancy and birth process with reference to personal responsibility and control." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002062.
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This study examines the psychological issues of personal responsibility and control in the childbirth process. It examines the implications of the woman's preparation process and the choices she makes during pregnancy and childbirth. It also explores the way in which the birthing environment and the woman's interpersonal relationships affect her experience of personal control within the context of the childbirth period. Use was made of the case study research design. This qualitative design involved indepth exploration, of cases in which the women had recently given birth to their first child in the local hospital of a small town. The data analysis involved the use of a "reading guide", established by the researcher to allow for the examination of the data specifically in terms of the themes in question. Within the study the importance and value of the woman's accurate and sufficient preparation for the birth was seen to facilitate a realistic sense of predictability, which led to an increased awareness and ability of the woman to remain in control. This, along with the active participation of the husband and supportive network in the hospital, allowed for a sharing of the responsibility within the labour situation. This taking and appropriately yielding of control and responsibility had positive effects on the woman's experience of the event and for initial mother-infant bonding
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Tighe, Martin G. "Psychological aspects of recurrent abdominal pain of childhood." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262578.
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Iheme, Mira Sams. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9821010.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine. whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women. The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African-American women were administered. Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African-American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women. Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Sams-Iheme, Mira. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIEP15793.
Full textAbstract:
There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women.
The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African- American women were administered. l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African- American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women.
Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Miles, Anne Elizabeth. "An investigation into psychological aspects of chronic pain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249347.
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Moody, Lesley Ann. "Psychological aspects of additional procedures following breast reconstruction." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6642.
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Aims: The main objective of this research was to compare psychological distress (anxiety and depression) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) between two groups of women: those who had undergone breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer (BR) and those who had undergone breast reconstruction and additional procedures (BR-AP). Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the possible reasons why women might undergo additional procedures following breast reconstruction. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective design was employed and data was collected at one time period only. Ninety seven patients were recruited (69.3% of the total patient cohort) who attended prearranged clinic appointments between August 2006 and February 2007 at a regional Breast Care Unit. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher in the BR-AP group compared to the BR group. This difference was not significant for anxiety, however it was approaching statistical significance for depression (p = 0.09). The BR-AP group had a significantly higher BID than the BR group (p = 0.045). There was some evidence that undergoing additional procedures predicted depression (p = 0.060) and BID (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Undergoing additional procedures following breast reconstruction may not lead to a positive psychological outcome in terms of anxiety, depression and body image dissatisfaction. In view of the cost that undergoing these procedures presents to the NHS, coupled with the assumption that they offer psychological benefits, further research that prospectively examines psychological aspects of women seeking additional procedures is strongly recommended. Knowledge gained from such research is likely to assist in the pre-operative assessment of these women.
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Miles, Jeremy N. V. "Psychological aspects of psoriasis : a statistical modelling approach." Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314246.
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