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1
Leong, Choi Hong. "Measurement of non-suicidal self-injury for Chinese adolescents." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589387.
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Siwiec, Sebastian, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Emotional cycles maintaining trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) across subtypes." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3428.
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The emotions associated with initiating, maintaining, and reinforcing hairpulling disorder
(trichotillomania) were studied. Studies conducted have only looked at small community
or inpatient samples, and little is known about the interplay of hairpulling subtypes and
emotions. For this study, 427 participants completed an online questionnaire around their
hairpulling subtype, severity, emotions experienced by hairpulling, and comorbid anxiety
and depression. Using the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult
Version (MIST-A; Flessner, Woods, Franklin, Cashin, & Keuthen, 2008), this is the first
study to address the regulation of emotions across subtypes. Participants were divided as
either high- or low-focused and either high- or low automatic. Significant differences
between hairpulling subtypes and hairpulling severity were reported. Subtypes differed
in the severity they experienced emotions; individuals with high-focused pulling reported
more intense negative emotions, and a greater number of emotions regulated by pulling.
Positive emotions⎯happiness, relief, and calm⎯were also found to play a significant
role in reinforcing hairpulling. For high-focused subtypes, negative emotions before- and
after-pulling were associated with greater severity, indicating that altering negative
emotions via pulling plays an important role for high-focused subtypes. High-focused
subtypes also reported higher stress, depression and anxiety than either automatic
subtypes or the general population, and were found to have anxiety and depression
significantly associated with hairpulling severity and experiencing negative emotions that
initiated hairpulling. Clinical and treatment implications, study limitations, and areas of future research are discussedxviii, 227 leaves ; 29 cm
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Ranucci, Melissa B. "Self-inflicted and other-inflicted intentional burns versus unintentional burns: A comparison study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9046/.
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Burn injuries are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Intentional burn injuries are not well understood, and warrant study to improve adjustment and outcomes. The present study examined group differences between intentional and unintentional burn injuries, comparing individuals with self-inflicted (SIB; n=109) and other-inflicted (OIB; n=109) burns to an unintentional burn (UB) group. Compared to UB, those with intentional (SIB, OIB) burn injuries were more likely to be young, female, unmarried, unemployed, abuse substances, and have positive alcohol/drug screens at hospital admission. Individuals with intentional burns report more psychological distress, lower quality of life in some areas, and lower life satisfaction. When SIB and OIB were examined individually, OIB were more likely to be African American compared to SIB and UB. OIB also had more anxiety and paranoia than UB. SIB was more likely than OIB and UB to have had medical problems or psychiatric disorders and treatment prior to the burn injury. Those with SIB were 3 times more likely than UB to die in the hospital even after controlling for age, severity of burn, and inhalation injuries. Moreover, the SIB group had high rates of suicidal ideation at discharge and follow-up. Treatment implications for burn treatment providers were discussed.
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Ball, Melanie A. "Self-efficacy, hardiness, and the stages of exercise behavior change." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115738.
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Prior research involving self-efficacy, hardiness, and the stages of exercise behavior change has been limited. This study attempted to determine if differences existed in self-efficacy for exercise, hardiness, and the components of hardiness (control, commitment, and challenge) in individuals at the preparation, action, and maintenance stages of exercise behavior change. Stages of Exercise Behavior Change, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and the Personal Views Survey were used to assess the individuals' stage of exercise behavior, self-efficacy for exercise, hardiness and the components of hardiness levels. The researcher found significant differences in self-efficacy across the three stages of exercise behavior. Specifically, individuals in the preparation, or third stage of change, had significantly lower levels of self-efficacy than those in the action and maintenance stages. The researcher found no significant differences in hardiness, or the components of hardiness, across the preparation, action, and maintenance stages of exercise behavior change.School of Physical Education
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Meissner, Birte Linda. "Attitudes, beliefs and myths about suicidal behaviour : a qualitative investigation of South African male students." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80464.
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Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Suicidal behaviour is a serious public health problem. Globally and in South Africa a gendered pattern of suicide rates has been observed, with males being more likely to kill themselves than females. To date little quantitative and qualitative research is available on young male suicidal behaviour in South Africa. This study investigated the attitudes, beliefs and myths young male students hold about suicidal behaviour. Thirteen male university students (ages 20 to 25 years; with and without a history of suicidal behaviour), who volunteered to take part in the present study in response to an email invitation, were interviewed. The attitudes, beliefs and myths identified from the qualitative data are grouped into four themes: 'Moral acceptability of suicidal behaviour', 'Perceived causes and risk factors of suicidal behaviour', 'Perceived motives of suicidal behaviour', and 'Perceived prevention and protective factors of suicidal behaviour'. Besides these four themes, two underlying narratives are identified and discussed: (1) 'Apart or a part: Belonging and suicidal behaviour' is centred on the idea that perceiving oneself to be an integral part of a social system is protective against suicidal behaviour, while a thwarted sense of belonging increases vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. (2) 'Dying to be a man: (Re) negotiating masculinity and suicidal behaviour' is concerned with participants' views that men's relational position to hegemonic (socially most dominant) forms of masculinity is a factor in male suicidal behaviour. Participants regard hegemonic forms of masculinity to be both a part of the problem of suicidal behaviour and a potential solution to suicidal behaviour. These findings are interpreted through a social constructionist lens of gender as performance. Finally, implications of findings for future research, prevention and treatment are discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Selfmoordgedrag is 'n ernstige openbare gesondheidsprobleem. Wêreldwyd en in Suid-Afrika is mans meer geneig as vrouens om selfmoord te pleeg. Tot op hede is daar min kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsing beskikbaar van jong manlike selfmoordgedrag in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie studie ondersoek die houdings, oortuiging en mites oor selfmoordgedrag van jong manlike studente. Dertien manlike universiteitstudente (ouderdomme 20 tot 25 jaar, met en sonder 'n geskiedenis van selfmoordgedrag) het vrywillig aan die huidige studie deel geneem in reaksie op 'n e-pos uitnodiging. Die houdings, oortuiging en mites wat vanaf die kwalitatiewe data geïdentifiseer is, is in vier temas gegroepeer: 'Morele aanvaarbaarheid van selfmoordgedrag', 'Siening van die oorsake en risiko faktore van selfmoordgedrag', 'Waargenome motiewe van selfmoordgedrag', en 'Waargenome voorkoming en beskermende faktore van selfmoordgedrag'. Naas hierdie vier temas, is twee onderliggende temas geïdentifiseer en bespreeek: (1) 'Samehorigheid en selfmoordgedrag' is gemoeid met die idee dat om 'n integrale deel van 'n sosiale sisteem te wees is beskermend teen selfmoordgedrag, terwyl 'n persepsie van isolasie tot selfmoordgedrag kan lei. (2) 'Onderhandeling van manlikheid en selfmoordgedrag' is gemoeid met die deelnemers se sienings dat mans se verhouding tot hegemoniese vorme (sosiaal mees dominante vorme) van manlikheid 'n faktor in manlike selfmoordgedrag is. Deelneemers beskou hegemoniese vorme van manlikheid as beide 'n deel van die probleem en 'n moontlike oplossing vir selfmoordgedrag. Hierdie bevindinge is geïnterpreteer deur middel van 'n sosiale konstruksionistiese lens van geslag as prestasie. Die implikasies van die bevindings vir toekomstige navorsing, voorkoming en behandeling word ten slotte bespreek.
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Hanley, Alice Marie 1960. "An exploration into compulsive buying behavior." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277234.
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This study was designed to explore the nature of compulsive buying behavior with respect to self esteem and money attitude variables. Conjointly, a newly developed screening device, the Compulsive Buying Scale, was used to test its ability to discern compulsive buying tendencies amongst consumers. Comparison was made with participating members of intact compulsive buying help groups and "normal" consumers. Compulsive buyers were found to significantly differ from normal consumers on variables tested. Compulsive buyers were found to have lower self esteem with money attitudes reflecting obsession with money and its perceived power and prestige. Likewise, compulsive buyers differed significantly on the Compulsive Buying Scale adding support to the validity of the scale.
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Goldsmith, Janet Day. "The Effect of Psychological Gender and Self-monitoring on Leader Emergence and Leader Behavior." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4974.
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Three aspects of renal function were measured in the toad, Bufo marinus (N=lO): (1) effect of rate of blood volume expansion on renal functions (UFR; GFR; urine and plasma ion concentrations; and ion excretion rates), (2) effect of hypo- and hyperosmotic blood volume expansions on renal functions, and (3) role of GFR and tubular processes in the differential response of UFR under different osmotic expansion stresses. Renal responses to differential rates of blood volume expansion have not been investigated in amphibians. Rate responses will be analyzed considering effects: ( 1) during infusion (neural, or, short term regulation of extracellular fluid volume) and (2) post infusion (hormonal, or, long term regulation of extracellular fluid volume). Volume expansions were administered with hypoosmotic (0.4%) saline and hyperosmotic (1.4%) saline, and ranged in rate from 4.0 to 20.6 ml/kg/min. This protocol is designed to present volume regulatory mechanisms with increased volume stimuli and different osmotic stimuli. Overall, infusion rate had no significant effects on renal responses measured: urine flow rate (UFR); glomerular filtration rate (GFR); urine and plasma ion concentrations; natriuresis; or kaliuresis. This was true for the infusion period and for the observed post infusion period (90 min). Rate was correlated with GFR in the hypoosmotic group (r=0.30, p=0.04) and natriuresis in the hyperosmotic group (r=0.34, p=0.03). A significant positive correlation was observed between UFR and GFR. Relative to treatment, UFR differed significantly; GFR response was inherently similar despite differences at individual intervals, indicating UFR differences between the treatments is due to tubular processes. Responses to hypoosmotic infusion included a significant diuresis, natriuresis, and a decreased urine sodium concentration, relative to hyperosmotic infusion. At low UFRs the hyperosmotic group produced urine relatively concentrated in sodium. Urine sodium concentration and UFR were positively correlated in the hypoosmotic infusion group -- at high UFRs, kidneys were unable to produce a dilute urine.
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Tucker, Molly Salome. "The Role of Self-Criticism in Direct and Indirect Self-Harming Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248457/.
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a form of direct self-harm that involves willful damage to bodily tissue without suicidal intent; it includes behaviors such as cutting, burning, carving, biting, scraping, and scratching of the skin, as well as hitting and skin and scab picking. Engagement in NSSI has been shown to relate to a host of maladaptive states and outcomes, including depression, anxiety, poor emotion regulation, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Socially sanctioned forms of body modification (e.g. tattoos and piercings) have received less attention as potential self-harm outlets, but have been posited to represent similar physical outlets of emotional pain. Indirect self-harm, in contrast, can include behaviors such as substance abuse, disordered eating, participation in abusive relationships, and sexual risk-taking. Extant literature suggests that self-harm in either form is associated with higher levels of self-criticism than healthy adults endorse. However, few studies have examined self-criticism in each of these self-harming subgroups. Female participants were recruited online using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Results from the present study indicate that 1) direct self-harming individuals are considerably more self-critical than indirect self-harmers and control subjects, 2) those who engage in multiple forms of self-harm are more self-critical than those engaging in only one form, 3) self-criticism did not significantly predict self-harming behaviors, and 4) there are no significant differences in self-criticism based on developmental trajectory of self-harming behaviors. Additionally, individuals with body modification (e.g. tattoos, piercings) did not exhibit different levels of self-criticism than those without socially sanctioned alterations. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research of this nature are discussed.
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Schempp, Maia. "The relationship between physical self-efficacy and frequency, intensity, type and duration of physical exercise." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048393.
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The problem of the study was to measure the association between physical self-efficacy, using the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale, and frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise among mid-west college students who participated in regular physical activity.The role of physical self-efficacy on preventative health behaviors has been well established in the literature and is of interest to health educators. This study was designed to measure the strength of association between physical self-efficacy and the specific components of exercise.The sample consisted of Ball State students (n= 412) who completed an Exercise Behavior and Physical Self-Efficacy questionnaire. Multiple regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to measure associations.Levels of physical self-efficacy were most closely correlated with intensity of exercise participation (r2 = 0.15). Duration of exercise sessions was only slightly related (r2 = 0.01) and frequency was not found to be significant. Students who participated in the types of exercises which required the greatest amount of intensity also had the highest self-efficacy scores.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Cline, Mark H. (Mark Holley). "The Role of Self-Efficacy in Predicting Adherence/Compliance to Health Behavior Regimens." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332437/.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Self-Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 19 77) and adherence to health behavior prescription. A self report Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was developed to assess levels of efficacy. Dietary adherence was determined by self report as well as body composition assay and measurement of body weight. Levels of exercise compliance were assessed by self report in addition to a treadmill test.
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BRADEN, CARRIE JO GIFFORD. "SELF-HELP AS A LEARNED RESPONSE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS EXPERIENCE: A TEST OF FOUR ALTERNATIVE THEORIES (ADAPTATION, HELPLESSNESS, RESOURCEFULNESS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183879.
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The purposes of this study were: (a) to identify which of four competing theories best accounted for self help as a learned outcome of chronic illness experience, and (b) to generate a Self Help Model that could be used to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness. The concepts of severity of chronic illness, intimate dependency reinforcers, self induced dependency reinforcers, cue outcome independence reinforcers, enabling skill, self help and life quality were specified in a causal format that allowed a competitive test of four different theories. The theories tested were instrumental passivity theory, self induced dependency theory, an adaptation of learned helplessness theory and learned resourcefulness theory. The study utilized a causal modeling design to assess a five stage model. A judgment sample of 786 individuals having a diagnosis of arthritis or an arthritis related condition were mailed questionnaires. Two hundred seventy-eight subjects responded, a 36 percent return rate. Seven scales using a visual analogue response format indexed the theoretical concepts. Reliability and validity estimates were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the instruments. Model parameters were estimated using multiple regression statistical techniques. Residual analysis was conducted to estimate violations of the causal model and statistical assumptions. Factors from one theory, the learned resourcefulness theory, emerged as more credible than factors from any single other theory. However, the data did evidence factors from other theories that were significant. Self induced sick role reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of enabling skill (B = -.31 and B = -.12, respectively; R² = .11). Intimate dependency reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of self help (B = -.34 and B = -.24, respectively; R² = .19). These factors helped to identify environmental and intra-person contingencies that led to reduction in self help. The learned resourcefulness factor, enabling skill, demonstrated the mediating skills that worked to enhance self help (B = .44; R² = .29). The Self Help Model generated to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness explained 50 percent of the variance in perceived self help. Self help had a direct positive impact on life quality (B = .61; R² = .46). By knowing the factors influencing a patient’s self help response to chronic illness experience, the nurse is better able to plan more effective self help promoting interventions for individuals, or groups of patients. Nurses who promote a self help response in those having a chronic illness could improve their life quality.
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Edmonson, Jimmie R. "Hopelessness, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and Powerlessness in Relation to American Indian Suicide." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5509/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, residence, tribal affiliation, and perceived government control over tribal rights and the dependent variables of hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. These attitudes are then explored as to their relationship to possible feelings of powerlessness among American Indians. The survey instruments used are the Beck Hopelessness Scale consisting of 20 items (Beck, Weissman, Lester, and Trexler, 1974), (Reproduced by permission of publisher, Psychological Corporation), the Self-Efficacy Scale consisting of 30 items (Sherer, Maddox, Merchandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, and Rodgers, 1982) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Ronald W. Rogers), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale consisting of 10 items (Rosenberg, 1972) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Florence Rosenberg) and a demographic questionnaire consisting of 6 items. These instruments were administered to 60 American Indians that make up the sample population of 25 respondents from tribal lands (reservation setting) and 35 respondents from an urban setting. Statistical analysis consists of crosstabulations using Chi-Square and t-tests (used to verify Chi-Square) to determine the significance of the relationship of the independent variables to the dependent variables previously mentioned. Fifteen hypotheses (page 10) were tested to explore the relationships between the above independent variables and the dependent variables. Out of the 15 hypotheses that were investigated two were supported. The two hypotheses are hypothesis 10 and 11. Hypothesis 10 states; American Indians who live on a reservation have more hopelessness than those who live in an urban setting. This hypothesis was indicated to be marginal by Chi-Square analysis but when a t-test was conducted it was shown to be significant. Hypothesis 11 states; American Indians in urban residency will have more self-efficacy than reservation residents. While the data provided minimal support for the theory that hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem have a relationship to feelings of powerlessness and thus suicide in the American Indian population the outcome of the study provides pertinent data for future research.
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Zillmann, Nadine. "Relationships between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status in adolescents and adults." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0059.
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[Truncated abstract] Regular engagement in physical activity is proven to decrease the risk of numerous chronic diseases and to improve mental well-being. However, many children and adults around the world fail to engage in sufficient levels of activity required to produce health benefits, with reports showing physical activity levels still on the decline. Perhaps because of this increase in sedentary lifestyles, obesity has become one of the biggest public health threats in the 21st century. Furthermore, both obesity and physical inactivity are closely related to psychological health, and may play an important role in shaping self-perceptions and feeling of general well-being. '...' In the first study, physical status, physical activity levels, and social physique anxiety measures were obtained from an adolescent sample of 259 participants. Partial correlation analyses revealed that physical activity involvement was not directly linked with physical status; however, both factors were significantly associated with social physique anxiety, which suggested evidence of an indirect link between the two constructs. That is, analyses showed that poor physical status was associated with higher levels of physique anxiety, which in turn linked to low engagement in physical activity. In addition, age and gender effects emerged, revealing unique differences in the ways in which these three variables may be related. To cross-validate and further examine these relationships STUDY 2 extended the range of self-perception measures to include a multidimensional assessment of physical self-concept and a global self-esteem measure along with physique anxiety. These variables were assessed in a German adult sample (N = 229), again alongside measures of physical status and physical activity involvement. Consistent with STUDY 1, no direct link was found between physical status and levels of physical activity involvement. However, evidence of an indirect link did emerge as both variables were related to multiple dimensions of physical self-concept, thereby reinforcing and extending the findings from STUDY 1. Furthermore, age effects emerged for physical self-concept, which had not been confirmed in previous research on physical self-concept. STUDY 3 employed a longitudinal design and investigated changes in physical self-concept, global self-esteem and social physique anxiety before, during, and after participation in a 12-week weight management programme. Participants (N = 63) were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) cognitive-behavioural treatment only, (2) cognitive-behavioural treatment and exercise, and (3) non-treatment control. Statistical analyses revealed a small, but significant reduction in weight for members of both treatment groups. Relative to controls, both treatment groups also improved on a variety of physical self-concept dimensions. At the same time, however, significant group main effects suggested that a weight-loss program incorporating exercise involvement may provide physical self-concept benefits that go beyond those obtained with standard CBT regimes. Collectively, these studies add to the growing body of literature on the connections between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status. They also highlight the importance of involvement in habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan. Findings are discussed with regards to their contribution to the extant literature, and applied implications, limitations, and future directions are considered.
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Everman, Melinda K. "Self regulation, outcome expectancy value, and exercise role identity as predictors of exercise." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074551.
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A limited amount of research has been conducted on college students' physical activity levels. According to the 1996 Surgeon General's Report, only one fourth of young adults regularly exercise vigorously. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective exercise intervention programs for young adult populations. There has been no previous research using the variables of outcome expectancy value, exercise role identity, and self-regulation skills. The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship among self-regulation skills, outcome expectancy value, and exercise role identity as predictors of exercise levels. Subjects (n=1 83) represented a convenient sample of students from Personal Health classes at Ball State University. All subjects completed a four-part questionnaire divided into: self-regulation, outcome expectancy value, exercise role identity, and seven day recall. Results revealed that selfregulation and exercise role identity were predictors of vigorous activity, but not moderate activity. Outcome expectancy value was not significantly correlated with any of the dependent variables, except for male vigorous days. This study further support self-regulation and exercise role identity as predictors of physical activity.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Lacefield, Katharine. "Non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity in heterosexual and gay college students." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4619.
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The present study examined 100 gay and lesbian (LG) college students and 100 heterosexual students to determine whether group differences existed in frequency of and anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity. Non-erotic cognitive distractions is a descriptive term to include both self-evaluative behaviors related to physical performance and body image concerns, as well as additional cognitive distractions (e.g., contracting an STI or emotional concerns) during sexual activity. Participants, matched on gender (96 males and 104 females), age, and ethnicity, completed questionnaires assessing frequency and associated anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity, as well as measures of additional variables (e.g., religiosity and self-esteem). Results indicated that LG participants experience significantly more cognitive distractions and concomitant anxiety related to body image, physical performance, and contracting a disease or illness during sexual activity. With regard to gender differences, men reported more distractions related to contracting a disease or illness than women. An interaction effect was observed between sexual orientation and gender for body image-, disease-, and external/emotional-based distractions. It also was found that gay men, lesbians, and heterosexual women reported significantly more body image concerns than straight men. Implications of these findings are discussed.ID: 028916910; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-126).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Clinical Psychology
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Orsak, Katherine Cecil. "Factors Affecting Exercise Adherence among Participants, Nonparticipants and Dropouts of a Worksite Health and Fitness Program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277769/.
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This study examines the relationship between exercise adherence and several factors: self-motivation; attitudinal commitment; predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing (PER) factors; and barriers related to exercise. The sample (N=431) consists of employees at Texas Instruments, Incorporated in Dallas, Texas. The sample was placed into six comparison groups: high adherers, low adherers, nonparticipants who exercise, nonparticipants who do not exercise, dropouts who exercise and dropouts who do not exercise. Using a one-way ANOVA, the results show significance (p<.01) among the groups for: self-motivation and barriers. Attitudinal commitment and PER factors did not show significance. The results can be applied to worksite health programs to increase exercise adherence among employee populations.
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Panidi, Ksenia. "Essays to the application of behavioral economic concepts to the analysis of health behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209674.
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In this thesis I apply the concepts of Behavioral Economics to the analysis of the individual health care behavior. In the first chapter I provide a theoretical explanation of the link between loss aversion and health anxiety leading to infrequent preventive testing. In the second chapter I analyze this link empirically based on the general population questionnaire study. In the third chapter I theoretically explore the effects of motivational crowding-in and crowding-out induced by external or self-rewards for the self-control involving tasks such as weight loss or smoking cessation.Understanding psychological factors behind the reluctance to use preventive testing is a significant step towards a more efficient health care policy. Some people visit doctors very rarely because of a fear to receive negative results of medical inspection, others prefer to resort to medical services in order to prevent any diseases. Recent research in the field of Behavioral Economics suggests that human's preferences may be significantly influenced by the choice of a reference point. In the first chapter I study the link between loss aversion and the frequently observed tendency to avoid useful but negative information (the ostrich effect) in the context of preventive health care choices. I consider a model with reference-dependent utility that allows to characterize how people choose their health care strategy, namely, the frequency of preventive checkups. In this model an individual lives for two periods and faces a trade-off. She makes a choice between delaying testing until the second period with the risk of a more costly treatment in the future, or learning a possibly unpleasant diagnosis today, that implies an emotional loss but prevents an illness from further development. The model shows that high loss aversion decreases the frequency of preventive testing due to the fear of a bad diagnosis. Moreover, I show that under certain conditions increasing risk of illness discourages testing.
In the second chapter I provide empirical support for the model predictions. I use a questionnaire study of a representative sample of the Dutch population to measure variables such as loss aversion, testing frequency and subjective risk. I consider the undiagnosed non-symptomatic population and concentrate on medical tests for four illnesses that include hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer. To measure loss aversion I employ a sequence of lottery questions formulated in terms of gains and losses of life years with respect to the current subjective life expectancy. To relate this measure of loss aversion to the testing frequency I use a two-part modeling approach. This approach distinguishes between the likelihood of participation in testing and the frequency of tests for those who decided to participate. The main findings confirm that loss aversion, as measured by lottery choices in terms of life expectancy, is significantly and negatively associated with the decision to participate in preventive testing for hypertension, diabetes and lung disease. Higher loss aversion also leads to lower frequency of self-tests for cancer among women. The effect is more pronounced in magnitude for people with higher subjective risk of illness.
In the third chapter I explore the phenomena of crowding-out and crowding-in of motivation to exercise self-control. Various health care choices, such as keeping a diet, reducing sugar consumption (e.g. in case of diabetes) or abstaining from smoking, require costly self-control efforts. I study the long-run and short-run influence of external and self-rewards offered to stimulate self-control. In particular, I develop a theoretical model based on the combination of the dual-self approach to the analysis of the time-inconsistency problem with the principal-agent framework. I show that the psychological property of disappointment aversion (represented as loss aversion with respect to the expected outcome) helps to explain the differences in the effects of rewards when a person does not perfectly know her self-control costs. The model is based on two main assumptions. First, a person learns her abstention costs only if she exerts effort. Second, observing high abstention costs brings disutility due to disappointment (loss) aversion. The model shows that in the absence of external reward an individual will exercise self-control only when her confidence in successful abstention is high enough. However, observing high abstention costs will discourage the individual from exerting effort in the second period, i.e. will lead to the crowding-out of motivation. On the contrary, choosing zero effort in period 1 does not reveal the self-control costs. Hence, this preserves the person's self-confidence helping her to abstain in the second period. Such crowding-in of motivation is observed for the intermediate level of self-confidence. I compare this situation to the case when an external reward is offered in the first period. The model shows that given a sufficiently low self-confidence external reward may lead to abstention in both periods. At the same time, without it a person would not abstain in any period. However, for an intermediate self-confidence, external reward may lead to the crowding-out of motivation. For the same level of self-confidence, the absence of such reward may cause crowding-in. Overall, the model generates testable predictions and helps to explain contradictory empirical findings on the motivational effects of different types of rewards.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Chow, Chi-kin, and 周志堅. "Perceived self, parental and situational factors in physical activity participatory behavior of Hong Kong children and youth: a test of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29947431.
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Fritchel, Kellie Bree. "Mediators of self-destructive behaviors in women survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A structural model." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3364.
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The purpose of this project was to examine the predictors of risky sexual behaviors and poor eating behaviors for women who experienced childhood sexual abuse, including family hardiness, and depression in a structural equation model. A second group of those who had not been sexually abused as children was also tested using the same structural equation model.
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Mack, Kyle Garret. "Sour Grapes While You're Down and Out: Self-Serving Bias and Applicant Attributions for Test Performance." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3433.
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Recent research has shown that outcome favorability (Ryan & Ployhart, 2000) and perceived performance (Chan, Schmitt, Jennings, Clause, & Delbridge, 1998a) are key determinates of justice judgments, suggesting that self-serving bias is a critical mechanism in the formation of applicant reactions. However, organizational justice theory continues to be the dominant paradigm for understanding applicant reactions. Chan and Schmitt (2004) have suggested a far ranging agenda for research into reactions, which includes considering reactions in a longitudinal framework and considering the natural effect of time on reactions. The current study incorporates these theoretical approaches and addresses these gaps in the research by examining applicant reactions at four time points during and after a selection procedure. This study also uses a multi-dimensional measure of test taking motivation (TTM) based on expectancy theory which enables me to explicate the effect of test performance, expectations, and outcome feedback on each motivational component.
Using a sample of 227 student participants, this study provides evidence that an applicant's expectations regarding the selection outcome and the selection outcome itself have strong effects on fairness perceptions and TTM. Some key findings are the following: I) negative selection decisions and negative expectations tend to reduce fairness perceptions and TTM in applicants, while for the most part, positive expectations and positive selection decisions do little to increase these reactions and 2) valence, or the desire for the job, seems to be the motivational component most affected by the selection procedure. These findings have important implications for future research into applicant reactions.
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Liedtke-Hendrickson, Valette. "The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Health Locus of Control on Improvement in a Work Hardening Program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330824/.
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This study examined the effects of self-monitoring behavior and health locus of control on improvement in a work hardening program. The subjects included 22 male and 18 female outpatients in a hospital-based rehabilitation program. Subjects were classified as having an internal or external health locus of control, and were randomly assigned to either a self-monitoring or a non-self-monitoring group. Improvement was assessed via objective performance data and self-ratings of perceived improvement. The results indicated that individuals identified as having an internal health locus of control did not show greater gains in physical functioning or perceived improvement relative to externally oriented individuals. Additionally, those subjects participating in self-monitoring activities were no different from non-self-monitoring subjects in terms of improvement in exercise activities or perceived improvement. The results also indicated no interaction between health locus of control and the presence or absence of self-monitoring. It was suggested that other factors such as workman's compensation, pain patient characteristics, low self-concept, and severe stress may have proved more powerful influences on patient improvement than internal health locus of control or self-monitoring. It was also suggested that rehabilitation programs might benefit from creating structured environments in which patients receive frequent staff feedback and reinforcement for improvement. Monitoring small, discrete, easily attainable goals might prove more effective than monitoring mood, pain, etc. In addition, teaching specific internal health locus of control behaviors to patients may help them improve their self-concepts and progress. Further research is needed to explore the roles that pain patient personality characteristics, self-concept, and stress play in the progress of patients in a work hardening program.
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Steele, Natalie Anne. "The relationship between collegiate band members' preferences of teacher interpersonal behavior and perceived self-efficacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9826/.
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The first purpose of this study was to describe collegiate band members' preferred teacher interpersonal behaviors and perceptions of self-efficacy based on the gender, year in college, instrument, and major. The second purpose of the study was to measure the relationship between preferences of interpersonal teacher behavior and self-efficacy scores. The non-probability purposive sample (N = 1020) was composed of band members representing 12 universities from different regions of the United States. There were 4 large public, 4 small public, and 4 private universities that participated in the study. Participants completed 2 questionnaires, the Teacher Interaction Preference Questionnaire (TIPQ) and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the questionnaires. Results for the TIPQ showed that all sub-groups most preferred the dominant-cooperative behaviors, followed by submissive-cooperative behaviors, and least preferred the dominant-oppositional behaviors. Results for the SEQ showed subtle variations for all subgroups. Three Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the relationship between the three teacher interaction styles (dominant-cooperative, submissive-cooperative, dominant-oppositional) and students' perceived self-efficacy. Due to the possible over-use of the data with multiple correlations, a Bonferroni adjustment was made to avoid a Type I error (.05/3 = .016). A significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and dominant-cooperative with 22% shared variance. A significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and submissive-cooperative with 7% shared variance. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and dominant-oppositional with 5% shared variance. This study's results indicate that it may be beneficial for band directors to measure students' preferences and perceptions of teacher interpersonal teacher behavior in order to find ways to interact better with the students. In addition, due to the relationship between students' preferences of teacher interpersonal behavior and perceived self-efficacy, collegiate band directors may wish to examine their own behaviors to determine how they align with the students' preferences.
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Ryan, Michael F. "The effects of length of placement and parental contact on institutionalized juvenile offenders' self concepts." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/387.
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Figura, Andrea. "Psychological and psychosomatic aspects of bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity in adults." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19115.
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Das Krankheitsbild der Adipositas hat sich weltweit zu einem relevanten Gesundheitsproblem entwickelt. Die bariatrische Chirurgie wird zunehmend als wirkungsvolle Behandlung bei schwer ausgeprägter Adipositas eingesetzt. Jedoch ist über die Rolle psychologischer Variablen im bariatrischen Behandlungsverlauf noch wenig bekannt. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht Einfluss und Veränderung patientenberichteter Gesundheitsmerkmale in der chirurgischen Adipositastherapie. Dazu werden in einer naturalistischen Beobachtungsstudie Patienten mit schwerer Adipositas vor und im Durchschnitt zwei Jahre nach einer bariatrischen Operation (OP) befragt. Ziele der Arbeit sind 1) die Charakterisierung adipöser Patienten vor OP hinsichtlich bio-psycho-sozialer Variablen; 2) die Identifikation möglicher Einflussvariablen auf den gewichtsbezogenen Behandlungserfolg nach OP; 3) die Untersuchung von Auswirkungen der OP auf das Essverhalten; und 4) die Analyse von Veränderungen in der essstörungsbezogenen Psychopathologie und in der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach OP. Die Ergebnisse der bariatrischen Patienten werden im Vergleich zu denen konservativ behandelter Patienten betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Patienten mit bariatrischem Behandlungswunsch eine somatisch und psychisch belastete Patientengruppe darstellen. Die bariatrische OP führt im zweiten postoperativen Jahr zu einer nachhaltigen und klinisch bedeutsamen Gewichtsreduktion. Der präoperative Body-Maß-Index, das Bildungsniveau und aktives Problembewältigungsverhalten sind mit dem Gewichtsverlust nach OP assoziiert. Im Vergleich zur konservativen Behandlung berichten die Patienten, die sich der OP unterziehen, über stärker ausgeprägte Verbesserungen in ihrem Essverhalten und eine Steigerung ihrer Lebensqualität. Auf Basis der Befunde wird ein routinemäßiges Monitoring der somatischen und psychischen Situation der Patienten nach bariatrischer OP empfohlen, um die gezeigten Behandlungserfolge optimal zu sichern.Obesity has become a relevant global health problem. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity. However, while the number of operations performed continues to increase, the role of psychological variables throughout the bariatric surgery pathway remains uncertain. The present dissertation investigates the patient-reported health status as it impacts and results from bariatric surgery. In a naturalistic observational study, patients with severe obesity are assessed before and, on average, two years after the surgical treatment. Main aims are 1) to characterize obese patients prior to bariatric surgery in terms of biological, psychological and socio-demographic variables; 2) to identify possible predictors for the postoperative weight-related treatment success after bariatric surgery; 3) to examine changes in eating behaviors; and 4) to analyze changes in eating-related psychopathology and in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The outcomes of surgical patients are compared with those of conservatively treated patients for the same follow-up period. The findings show that bariatric surgery candidates represent a vulnerable patient group with high physical and psychological burden. In the second postoperative year after bariatric surgery, a sustainable and clinically meaningful weight reduction is achieved. The preoperative body mass index, education level and active coping behavior are associated with weight loss after surgery. Compared with conservative treatment, patients who undergo bariatric surgery report not only greater improvements in their eating behavior and eating-related psychopathology but also an increase in their HRQoL. Based on the results, the provision of a routine monitoring of the somatic and psychological situation of patients following bariatric surgery is recommended to secure longer-term treatment success.
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Wilcox, Susan E. "Improving the Definition of Exercise Maintenance: Evaluation of Concepts Related to Adherence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3195/.
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Physical activity has been demonstrated in the literature as an effective way to reduce the risk for development of chronic disease. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change has been developed as a means to predict and facilitate movement into healthier lifestyle behaviors. The model is centered on "stages of change", which describe a continuum of readiness to engage in a health behavior change. Stages contain temporal, qualitative, and quantitative characteristics. This was a six-month study that evaluated the effectiveness of stage-matched (theorized to be pertaining only to the maintenance stage of change) vs. generic (theorized to be pertaining to anyone, regardless of stage) newsletters in assisting subjects to attain the Maintenance stage of change. It also sought to identify further qualitative characteristics that can differentiate between the Action and Maintenance stages of change. Results indicated that monthly stage-matched newsletters were no more effective in helping subjects reaching Maintenance than were the generic newsletters. Exerciser self-schema was related to stages of change, but those relationships differed from baseline to six-month follow-up, indicating development of exerciser self-schema during the study period. Implications of this are discussed. Other concepts discussed included "structure" of change process, in that three new scores were developed and correlated with self-efficacy as well as intercorrelated. Motivation was also evaluated and compared across levels of success at adhering to exercise during a three-month period. Limitations of the study and implications are discussed.
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Schroeder, Charles Olin. "A Study of Perceived Leadership Styles of Vocational Administrators within Two-Year Postsecondary Institutions in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331125/.
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This study investigated effects of selected demographic variables and styles of leadership on the self-perceived leader effectiveness scores of vocational administrators at two-year postsecondary institutions in Texas. Demographic variables were type of institution represented, teaching experience, age, trade experience, administrative experience in vocational education, highest degree earned, institutional enrollment and vocational enrollment. Seventy-eight administrators were mailed copies of the Leader Behavior Analysis II—Self (LBA) and a demographic questionnaire. The LBA contained twenty supervisory situations. Respondents were to select the alternative approach that most closely resembled action they might take. Scoring determined the respondents' primary leadership styles and leader effectiveness scores. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine if selected demographic variables or primary leadership style was significant in determining a difference in their effectiveness scores. Primary leadership style and degree held were significant in determining leader effectiveness scores at alpha .05. It was determined that 84 percent of the administrators completing the questionnaire preferred the supporting style. None of the administrators preferred delegating or directing styles. Recommendations included studies using the LBA with supervisors in associations serviced by the institutions to provide an understanding of relationships between the leadership style of the administrators of training institutions and those of the associations served. Additional studies should be done to ascertain any differences in the self-perception of the administrators' leadership style and perceptions of their subordinates. A final recommendation included the implementation of programs to assist administrators in the utilization of the broader situational leadership approach.
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Cheung, Bik-ki, and 張碧琪. "Sport participation of Hong Kong secondary school students: relation to social, physical and academicself concepts and deviant behaviour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960765.
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Pitz, M. Diane. "ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276551.
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The relationships among psychosocial variables, adherence with self-care behaviors, and glycemic control in 90 men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were investigated. Patients completed the Basic Personality Inventory, Social Support Questionnaire, and Magnitude Estimation Inventory. Adherence scores were based on self-reports of adherence with six criteria congruent with satisfactory metabolic control. Glycemic control was measured by Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb) analyses. Results revealed no differences between diabetics and non-diabetic comparisons on dimensions of personality. There were differences between the non-adherent and self-reported adherent diabetics on three personality dimensions, ratings of satisfaction with social support, and items on the MEI. GHb was not systematically related to dimensions of personality, adherence, or social support. Implications for treatment were discussed and recommendations for the use of multiple measures for assessing adherence were made.
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Pitkethly, Amanda Jane. "Examining the role of self-regulated learning in adolescent physical activity behaviour." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/222.
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Introduction Physical activity (PA) engagement is highly beneficial for adolescents and although interventions are shown to be effective, participants often return to former PA levels once the intervention is removed. Adolescents may lack explicit training in psychological and behaviour change skills required to sustain PA behaviour changes, such as self-regulation. SR is a key process in psychological functioning and its failure can result in impulse control problems, such as a tendency not to engage in behaviours that require a delay of gratification such as physical activity. Purpose Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an approach that focusses on how to make improvements through a systematic method of learning how to adapt to ever changing environments, i.e. through planning, self-monitoring, effort, self-efficacy, self-evaluation and reflection. Study 1 examined the effectiveness of studies examining SRL variables in a PA context. Study 2 translated and validated an English language SRL questionnaire to measure SRL in a Chinese adolescent population. Study 3 assessed the contribution of SRL variables to PA in both Chinese and Scottish adolescent samples. In preparation for study 5, study 4 qualitatively assessed Chinese students’ motivation for and engagement in PA. Finally, study 5 taught SRL skills in a PA context with the aim of positively impacting on adolescent PA levels. Methods and Results In study 1 a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The majority of reviewed studies demonstrated a positive effect of SRL variables on PA. The review highlighted a lack of research conducted using SRL theory. Study 2 translated and validated a Chinese version of an SRL questionnaire with 315 (and cross-validated with 480) Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The short SRL-SRS-C was found to be a sufficiently reliable instrument to measure SRL in a Hong Kong Chinese adolescent population. In study 3, a cross-sectional study of 480 Hong Kong and 411 Scottish adolescents was conducted to assess the relationship SRL and physical activity. Results revealed that adolescents from Hong Kong and Scotland do not engage in sufficient PA to achieve the potential health benefits that PA can provide. Significantly more use of self-monitoring, self-evaluation and reflection was associated with significantly higher LTPA in Scottish adolescents. In both samples, SRL was weakly but significantly associated with higher PA, and self-efficacy and reflection played significant roles this SRL-PA relationship. Study 4 conducted two qualitative focus group interviews and found that most Chinese adolescents only engaged in PA during limited physical education classes. Most students were knowledgeable of the health benefits of PA, however, academic pressures and the effort required to overcome PA barriers was too great. Students propose that walking more and felt that novel ways to encourage PA, such as through WhatsApp, were worthwhile. Finally, study 4 used a quasi-experimental design with three groups (total n = 98) Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Peers modelled SRL skills and the learning was prompted either face-to-face or through Whatsapp. Meaningful, but not significant, mean value increases in PA and SRL were found. SRL was weakly but positive and significantly associated with PA, and reflection emerged as the key SRL component in the SRL-PA relationship. Conclusions SRL and PA are weak, but positive and significantly associated. Importantly, reflection has emerged as a significant predictor of adolescent PA. Adolescents with better SRL and reflective skills may be more aware of their strengths and weaknesses and able to translate this knowledge into future action. Considering that SRL skills are amenable to training, further experimental research should focus on teaching SRL strategies, particularly reflection, and assessing their impact on PA. SRL research in the adolescent PA area is promising but is at an early stage. Therefore, further research is recommended before strong conclusions can be made.
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Cahill, Clark Jennifer L. "String student self-efficacy and deliberate music practice: Examining string students' musical background characteristics, self-efficacy beliefs and practice behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9116/.
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This study examined the musical background characteristics, self-efficacy beliefs, and practice behaviors of string students auditioning for an all-region orchestra in one large South-Central district. Purposes of the study were: (1) to describe the musical backgrounds and self-efficacy beliefs of high school string students, (2) to measure the relationship between self-efficacy scores and performance achievement, and (3) to describe the practice behaviors and thoughts of high and low self-efficacy string students. Questionnaires were given to 101 high school string students; 65 competed in all-region orchestra. Descriptive data from the questionnaire revealed information such as how many took private lessons and that those who did tended to have a higher sense of perceived self-efficacy in relation to playing their string instruments. Other descriptive items asked questions such as whether or not students started in public school and how much they practiced outside of orchestra. The relationship of summed self-efficacy scores to a competition ranking was found to be statistically significant and inverse. For all string participants (n=65) Spearman's rho was, rs= -.37, (p=.001) with 14% of the variance explained (r2 =.14). This inverse relationship documents the linear trend for students with better rankings (lower ranking numbers) to also tend to have higher self-efficacy scores. Observation and interview data of 8 higher and 8 lower self-efficacy sub-group students were also analyzed. The higher self-efficacy sub-group students tended to use more cognitive practice strategies, while the lower self-efficacy sub-group tended to use dissimilar and less advanced strategies. Understanding string students' musical background experiences and characteristics and the possible relationship self-efficacy may have with practice and achievement could benefit certain students. Helping these students gain a higher sense of perceived self-efficacy in their musical endeavors, or obtain certain characteristics that successful students share, could possibly enable them to develop and understand more complex practice strategies and compete more confidently.
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Ch'ng, Amanda Majella. "Understanding the relationship between coping self-efficacy, coping behaviour and psychological wellbeing during recovery from stroke." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0228.
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Although self-efficacy has long been established as an important variable for psychological wellbeing across a range of contexts, coping self-efficacy, a subtype of self-efficacy specific to the function of coping, has only recently begun to receive research attention. In addition, despite support from both self-efficacy theory and coping theory, the relationship between coping self-efficacy and coping behaviour in the face of stressful events has not previously been considered. This thesis explores the importance of coping self-efficacy for psychological wellbeing in a new context, recovery after stroke, and investigates the relationship between coping self-efficacy and coping behaviour in the face of this stressor. Stroke was selected as a suitable context for this exploration given its high incidence, lengthy recovery period and the prevalence of significant post stroke psychological distress. The thesis explores four key questions: (i) is coping self-efficacy related to psychological wellbeing for people recovering from stroke, (ii) what types of coping behaviours are related to coping self-efficacy during recovery, (iii) does coping behaviour mediate the relationship between coping self-efficacy and psychological outcomes, and (iv) what is the role of individual dispositional traits (optimism and trait anxiety) in these relations. The implications of these relationships for clinical intervention were a secondary focus of the project.
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Dyckman, Frances Maria. "Domestic violence education and risk mitigation for prelicensure nursing students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2507.
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The purpose of this project is to develop a domestic violence consciousness raising-education program and a self-administered risk assessment for a population of community college nursing students. When the faculty became aware that attrition rates were rising and that a high number of requests to drop out of nursing school were disproportionately linked to recent incidences of domestic violence, a potential contributing cause of the high drop out rate was revealed.
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Stanford, Jacqueline, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Prevention of body concerns and risk behaviours in adolescent boys." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.093958.
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Overall, this thesis was designed to explore the nature of adolescent boys' body image, the effects of body image on body change strategies and psychological adjustment, and the factors that influence body image. The first study examined body image in 362 adolescent boys. Body image was considered in terms of attitudes to different body parts and attributes, including, lower, middle and upper body, as well as weight, shape and muscles. The relationships between Body Mass Index (BMI), body image, sociocultural messages, psychological adjustment and body change strategies, including strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles using food and exercise, drive for thinness, bulimic attitudes and behaviour, excessive exercise, food supplements to lose weight, increase muscles and steroids, were also investigated. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the role of body image, sociocultural messages and psychological adjustment to predict satisfaction with different body attributes and body change strategies. The findings from study one led to the development of a program aimed at preventing the development of unhealthy attitudes and behaviours among adolescent boys. Study two involved the implementation and evaluation of this prevention program. One hundred and twenty one boys participated in the program. The program was based on social-cognitive theory, and included a focus on accepting differences and the development of self-esteem. The boys who participated in the program indicated some change in existing attitudes and showed less development of risk behaviours relative to the control group. The implications of the findings from this thesis in relation to future research, as well as the prevention of adolescent boys' body image problems are discussed.
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Boyer, Brent Leonard. "Using the self-as-a-model with video editing in athletic performance." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/501.
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A study was designed in order to assess the effectiveness of a positive self-modeling strategy in increasing the performance of four University of the Pacific baseball players. A multiple baseline design across participants was used as a means of assessing the effectiveness of the self-modeling technique. Participants viewed edited positive self-modeling videotapes of their own batting performance. Measures were taken on: (a) the number of line drive hits; (b) ground ball hits; (c) the number of times the participant hit a ground ball, but was thrown out; (d) the number of times the participant hit a line drive, but it was caught; (e) swings and misses; (f) not swinging at a strike (called strikes); (g) not swinging at a ball (called balls); (h) the number of foul balls; and (i) the number of pop ups. In addition, batting averages were kept for game performance. It was expected that participants would show an increase in hits, a decrease in hit outs, a decrease in called strikes, an increase in called balls, a decrease in foul balls, and an increase in batting average when each participant began the positive self-modeling. The performance of those participants not yet viewing their positive self-modeling tape was not expected to show such improvement. Improvement was observed in three out of the four participants.
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Carrigan, Kayla. "To Weigh or Not to Weigh? Relation to Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviors Amongst Female Collegiate Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799536/.
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Collegiate and elite female athletes have been identified as a subpopulation at heightened risk for disordered eating and pathogenic weight management practices. It was hypothesized that this increases risk may be related to sport specific pressures (such as team conducted weigh-ins), or the use and frequency of self-weighing. It appears that mandatory, team conducted weigh-ins are not salient to female athletes in regards to experiencing internalization, body image concerns, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Results, however, indicate that frequency of engagement in self-weighing may be influential in the engagement of disordered eating symptoms. Specifically, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported significantly more internalization of general societal ideals and athletic body ideals. For body image concerns, athletes who weighed three or more times per week reported being more concerned with their body size/shape than all others. With respect to dietary behaviors, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported engaging in significantly more caloric restriction than did those who weighed less frequently. For negative affect, the athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported significantly higher levels of both anger and guilt. Finally for bulimic symptomatology, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times a week had significantly higher levels than those who weighed once or twice or not at all.
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Aqsa, Aqsa. "A self-determined perspective on organizational politics and work outcomes : exploring individual and contextual dynamics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1029.
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L’objectif de la recherche (dans le cadre de trois études empiriques) est d’expliquer comment la perception du contexte organisationnel politique peut être mobilisée pour améliorer la performance et la pro-activité des employés et pour réduire leurs intentions de démissionner. Notre approche théorique s’inscrit dans la théorie de l’auto-détermination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) et s’appuie sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (Hobfoll, 2002) ainsi la théorie dite de « Human Agency » (Bandura, 2006), et la science de la psychologie positive (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). Une étude quantitative est menée au Pakistan pour évaluer les conceptualisations formulées. Nos résultats révèlent que les employés ayant un capital psychologique élevé développent de manière durable des comportements conduisant à la performance et qu’ils demeurent proactifs dans des contextes organisationnels perçus comme fortement politiques. En même temps, ces employés subissent une vulnérabilité psychologique qui les pousse à démissionner. A l’opposé, la perception d’un contexte organisationnel politique offre aux employés politiquement doués une source d’opportunités qui satisfait leurs besoins psychologiques tout en maintenant leurs proactivités. Enfin, en prenant en compte les effets motivationnels du contexte organisationnel politique, nous avons trouvé que ce dernier gêne l’intériorisation de la motivation extrinsèque au travail. En conclusion, l’idée que les jeux politiques ne peuvent pas être éliminés dans les organisations, nous suggérons aux managers d’équiper les employés de ressources psychologiques et sociales afin d’obtenir un fonctionnement optimal à tous les niveauxThis dissertation (in a series of three empirical studies) seeks to explicate how perceived politics in organizations can be used for accomplishing effective employee performance and proactivity, and to lower employees’ intentions to quit. We ground our theoretical frameworks in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and also borrow support from conservation of resource theory (Hobfoll, 2002), human agency (Bandura, 2006), and the science of positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). A quantitative survey was conducted in Pakistan to assess the proposed conceptualizations. Our findings reveal interesting patterns of relationships. We find employees with high psychological capital hold a sustainability demeanor in their performance and proactive behavior, when encountering high perceived politics. At the same time, they experience a psychological vulnerability that drives them to quit. On the contrary, perceived politics presents politically skilled employees an opportunistic / challenging turf that satisfies their innate psychological needs and uphold their proactive activities. Lastly, with regard to the motivational effects of perceived politics, we find that perceived politics hinders the internalization of extrinsic motivation at work. We conclude that employees are an integral part of an organization constituency and their well-being implies an organization’s sustainability. Since, politics cannot be eliminated we suggest managers to equip employees with psychological and social resources for the sake of optimal functioning at all levels
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Popple, Helen. "A mixed methods investigation of perceptions of adulthood and gender : links to stereotyped and risky behaviours amongst young people in Kirkcaldy, Fife." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4496.
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Adolescence is a formative period of identity development. From the start of high school young people begin to direct their own development through peer selection and behavioural choices. During this time young people have the opportunity to engage in risky behaviours such as drinking alcohol, smoking, having unprotected sex and taking illegal drugs, for the first time. These behaviours amongst young people have been linked to a range of adverse health and wellbeing outcomes, both short and long term. This study seeks to improve understanding of eleven to fifteen year olds' behavioural choices through investigation of potential links to perceptions of adulthood and gender. In order to capture this more fully a mixed methods approach is used with a quantitative cross-sectional pupil survey and in-depth intergenerational family qualitative interviews. By exploring a broad range of age and gender stereotyped, and risky behaviours, this study seeks to provide better understanding of participants' perceptions, motivations and involvement in these behaviours. Results of the study demonstrate both gendered and age differentiated patterns of perceptions. Between eleven and fifteen years old, boys demonstrate more pronounced values attributed to masculine roles. Conversely, stereotyped feminine roles appear to decrease in appeal to girls. Fourth year girls perceive risky behaviours as considerably more relevant to them, than their male peers. Interviewed mothers were unsure of how best to manage their daughter's behaviours considering their own lack of experience and the apparently high value attributed to non-confrontational, friendship based, mothering. Current methods of teaching and intervening generally address mixed gender age-group classes. This research suggests in order to modify risk-taking behaviours a gender specific approach may be more effective.
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"Developmental trajectories of nonsuicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549451.
Full textAbstract:
非自殺性自傷行為（以下簡稱自傷行為）在青少年中是一種常見的但卻令研究者和心理治療師感到困惑的行為。青少年為何會自傷是研究的熱點，但研究者們對該問題仍然沒有獲得確實性的結論。為回答這一問題，本論文提出了一個關於自傷行為發展的整合性模型，其中包括自傷行為的三類風險因子：易感因子，特別誘發因子和保持因子。本研究的第一部分通過一個3期的追蹤研究來測試該模型。為了更詳細的瞭解青少年的自傷行為，本論文還進行了第二部分的訪談研究。在本研究的第一部分中，3,600名青少年（56.6%為女性）完成了關於自傷行為和其他與自傷相關因素的自我報告問卷，問卷分三次進行，每次間隔半年。結果表明自傷行為主要用於情緒調節。情緒反應性，不穩定的自我感和人際關係是自傷作為情緒調節工具的易感因素。行為衝動性，自我批評和同伴影響會特別誘發青少年的自傷行為。另外，負面情緒/想法和行為衝動性令青少年持續自傷。
在本研究的第二部分中，42名有反復性自傷行為的青少年參與了結構性訪談。參加者同樣將情緒調節作為自傷的最主要原因。負面情緒通常出現在自傷前和自傷過程中，正面情緒和自我覺知的負面情緒通常出現在自傷後。自傷後負面情緒顯著下降表明自傷成功完成了情緒調節作用。自傷後，青少年傾向于尋求朋友的幫助。
這些發現有助我們增強對青少年自傷行為發展的理解，也對診斷和治療自傷行為提供了重要的啟示。
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common and perplexing behavior among adolescents. The question why adolescents engage in this self-destructive behavior is a hotly-studied topic, yet conclusive answers to this question have not been reached. To address this question, this dissertation proposed an integrative model of the development of NSSI. In this model, three types of risk factors: predisposing factors, specific vulnerability factors and maintaining factors for NSSI were examined. In Part 1 of this dissertation, a 3-wave longitudinal design was used to test this model. To understand adolescents’ experience of NSSI in more details, Part 2 of this dissertation reported findings from structured interviews conducted with selected repetitive self-injurers.
In Part 1 of this dissertation, 3,600 adolescents (56.6% females) completed self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI and a comprehensive set of NSSI correlates for three waves over one and a half years. Results showed that NSSI mostly served the emotion regulation function. Emotion over-reactivity, unstable sense of self and relationship problems predisposed adolescents to adopt NSSI as an emotion regulation strategy. Behavioral impulsivity, self-criticism and peer influence served as specific vulnerability factors for NSSI. Unwanted emotions/thoughts and behavioral impulsivity also contributed to the maintenance of NSSI.
In Part 2 of this dissertation, 42 repetitive self-injurers completed individual structured interviews assessing their lived experience of NSSI. Participants again rated emotion regulation to be their primary reason for engaging in NSSI. Negative affects often occurred before and during NSSI, while positive and self-conscious negative affects often followed after NSSI. Negative affects significantly decreased after NSSI, suggesting that NSSI successfully accomplished the emotion regulation function. After NSSI, adolescent self-injurers tended to turn to their friends for help.
Findings of this dissertation enhanced our understanding of the development of NSSI among community adolescents. Conceptual and clinical implications of these findings were discussed.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
You, Jianing.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledge --- p.iv
List of Tables --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.viii
Overview --- p.1
Chapter Part 1: --- Tracking the Developmental Trajectories of Nonsuicidal Self-injury among Chinese Adolescents --- p.3
Introduction --- p.3
Method --- p.19
Results --- p.31
Discussion --- p.73
Chapter Part 2: --- Lived Experience of Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Adolescents --- p.87
Introduction --- p.87
Method --- p.90
Results --- p.93
Discussion --- p.114
General Discussion --- p.121
References --- p.128
39
"The prevalence and psychosocial correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894179.
Full textAbstract:
You, Jianing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-79).
Abstract also in Chinese.
List of Tables --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Method --- p.24
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.56
References --- p.65
40
Millingham, Kim Michelle. "A needs assessment of community support workers working in the field of self-injurious behaviour amongst adolescents." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4817.
Full textAbstract:
Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is recognised as a difficult behaviour to work/deal with and Community Support Workers (CSW‟s) who work with this behaviour may not have any formal training in the field of SIB. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the needs of CSW‟s working in the field of self-injurious behaviour amongst adolescents. A qualitative approach was used, the study was of an explorative nature and the researcher made use of purposive non-probability sampling to select respondents who were willing to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews with the researcher. This data was then analysed by the researcher making use of Creswell‟s spiral of analysis. The data collected was sorted into themes, sub-themes and categories and interpreted according to literature.
The study identified that there are specific needs amongst CSW‟s who work with adolescent SIB in the specific areas of support and education/training.Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
41
Tyler, James M. "Self-evaluation maintenance and impression management : behavior as a self-enhancement strategy to bolster self-esteem." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2399.
Full text
42
Way, Pamela Jo. "Redefining the muse self-regulatory aspects of creative behavior /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3086732.
Full text
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Rosen, Sharon. "The deliberate self-harm syndrome : an exploratory study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11180.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Psychology)The~present study is an exploratory investigation into the deliberate self-harm syndrome. Throughout the text, a distinction is made between other types of self-harm (for example, indirect self-harm such as alcohol abuse; "direct self-harm performed by a psychotic individual) and the self-harm performed within the deliberate self-harm syndrome (that is, direct, voluntary, non-lethal self-harm, performed by a non-psychiatric individual). The aim of this study is to foster an understanding of this syndrome and, accordingly, to facilitate acceptance of the individuals who suffer from this syndrome, without displaying the need to classify these individuals into any one particular psychiatric category. It is hoped that this aim is realised through a discussion of associated features and related.patterns of the syndrome. This research conducted an investigation of 21 individuals who appeared to fit into the syndrome. Three of the subjects were excluded from the study because their type of self-harm and/or their motivation for self-harming differed from those individuals who suffer from the deliberate self harm syndrome. Although some queries were made about the suitability of eight of the subjects, enough evidence has been put forward by the study to assume the possible existence of such a syndrome, and for the syndrome to be taken seriously. Many grey areas were discussed with regards to the criteria that should be considered when determining whether an individual fits into the syndrome or not. This merely serves to both highlight and confirm the point that it is not a rigid psychiatric category that is being proposed, but that there are, nevertheless, certain criteria that need to be considered when whether an individual deliberately self-harms, discussed in this study) determining or not (as even though there were certain limitations in the study (most of them being related to the study's exploratory point of departure) the researcher is of the opinion that the information provided in this study, should be treated with the respect that it deserves.
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"Bittersweet choice: picking the lesser of two evils for the sake of self-control." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894782.
Full textAbstract:
Li, Yanjie."July 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VII
INTRODUCTION --- p.1
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND --- p.3
THE SELF-CONTROL DILEMMA AND SELF-CONTROL STRATEGES --- p.3
JUSTIFICATION AND SELF-CONTROL --- p.5
THE LESS ATTRACTIVE = LESS HARMFUL INTUITION --- p.7
PR0P0SM0N DEVELOPMENT --- p.9
OVERVIEW OF STUDIES --- p.13
EXPERIMENT 1 --- p.14
OBJECTIVE --- p.14
METHOD --- p.14
RESULTS --- p.I5
MANIPULATION CHECK. --- p.15
CHOCOLATE CHOICE --- p.16
CHOCOLATE PREFERENCE --- p.17
DISCUSSION --- p.17
EXPERIMENT 2 --- p.19
OBJECTIVES --- p.19
METHOD --- p.19
RESULTS --- p.20
CHOICE TASK --- p.20
DISCUSSION --- p.22
EXPERIMENT 3 --- p.23
OBJECTIVES --- p.23
METHOD --- p.23
RESULTS --- p.25
MANIPULATION CHECK. --- p.25
DESSERT CHOICE --- p.25
DESSERT PREFERENCE --- p.27
DISCUSSION --- p.29
EXPERIMENT 4 --- p.31
OBJECTIVES --- p.31
METHOD --- p.31
RESULTS --- p.33
MANIPULATION CHECK. --- p.33
DESSERT CHOICE --- p.33
DESSERT PREFERENCE --- p.35
DISCUSSION --- p.37
GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.40
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS --- p.40
THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS --- p.41
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS --- p.44
LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.45
REFERENCES --- p.48
APPENDIX A --- p.54
EXPERIMENT 1 STIMULI USED IN THE CHOCOLATE TRUFFLE CHOICE TASK --- p.54
APPENDIX B --- p.55
EXPERIMENT 2 STIMULI USED IN TOE CHOICE TASK --- p.55
APPENDIX C --- p.56
EXPERIMENT 3&4 STIMULI USED IN THE DESSERT CHOICE TASK --- p.56
APPENDIX D --- p.57
EXPERIMENT 3 BRIEF SELF-CONTROL MEASURE --- p.57
APPENDIX E --- p.58
EXPERIMENT 4 STIMULI USED IN THE LAY THEORY MANIPULATION TASK --- p.58
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Smit, Hendrina Sophia. "Self-actualizing and acculturation amongst black personnel practitioners." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16062.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English, summary in English and AfrikaansAcculturation refers to a culture change as a result of continuous and firsthand contact between the minority culture and the majority culture. Through urbanization, the black person is exposed to the Western culture by means of integrated workplaces, schools and neighborhoods. During the acculturation process, distinct changes occur within the individual on interpersonal and intrapersonal levels. Self-actualization is a familiar concept in the Humanistic paradigm and refers to the notion of living to one's full potential in order to become the kind of individual one wants to be. This research aims to investigate the impact of acculturation on the level of self-actualization of black personnel practitioners. A sample of 218 black personnel practitioners was used, consisting of an equal number living in urban and rural areas. The results of this introductory study indicated that urbanized black personnel practitioners show a higher level of self-actualization than respondents residing in rural areas.
Akkulturasie verwys na 'n kultuurverandering as 'n uitvloeisel van deurlopende en eerstehandse kontak tussen die minderheidskultuur en die dominante kultuur. Deur verstedeliking word die swart persoon blootgestel aan die Westerse kultuur, asook deur integrasie in die werkplek, skole en woongebiede. Gedurende hierdie akkulturasieproses vind daar definitiewe veranderinge plaas in individue op inter- en intrapersoonlike vlak. Selfaktualisering is 'n bekende konsep in die Humanistiese paradigma en verwys no die strewe van 'n individu om sy volle potensiaal te bereik en daardeur die persoon te word wat hy graag wil wees. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel om die invloed van akkulturasie op die vlak van self-aktualisering van swart personeelpraktisyns te ondersoek. 'n Steekproef van 218 swart personeelpraktisyns is gebruik waarvan gelyke getalle woonagtig is in stedelike en landelike gebiede. Die resultaat van hierdie voorlopige ondersoek toon dat verstedelikte swart personeelpraktisyns 'n hoer vlak van self-aktualisering toon as respondente wat in landelike gebiede woon.
Industrial & Organisational Psychology
M. Comm. (Industrial Psychology)
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Wehmeyer, Welma. "'n Opvoedkundig-sielkundige ondersoek na selfmutilering by adolessente." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1776.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in Afrikaans and EnglishThe goal of this study is to understand the phenomenon of self mutilation by adolescents, with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, from an educational-psychological perspective. A literature study was undertaken to investigate the nature, classification, causes and treatment of self mutilation, as well as the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. The self mutilation of adolescents was placed within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory framework. The research results showed that selfmutilation, with adolescents with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, is a symptom of disharmonic intra- and interpsychic processes, as it is understood within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. Self mutilation is used as a coping mechanism to regulate unpleasant emotional experiences. The empirical study also showed that an impoverished educational climate contributes to the development of self mutilation by adolescents.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente, by wie daar nie ontwikkelings- of geestesgestremdheid aanwesig is nie, vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief te verstaan. Aan die hand van die literatuurstudie is die aard, klassifisering, oorsake en behandeling van selfmutilering, asook die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie verken. Die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie is as raamwerk gebruik waarbinne die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente ondersoek is. Die navorsingsresultate het aan die lig gebring dat selfmutilering, by adolessente by wie daar nie geestes- of ontwikkelingsgestremdheid teenwoordig is nie, 'n simptoom is van disharmoniese intra- en interpsigiese gebeure soos dit verstaan word binne die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie. Selfmutilering word gebruik as 'n verdedigingsmeganisme waarmee onaangename belewinge gereguleer word. Die empiriese studie het ook getoon dat 'n onbevredigende opvoedingsklimaat 'n groot bydrae lewer tot die ontwikkeling van selfmutilering by adolessente.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (with specialiation in Guidance and Counseling)
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Bertholomey, Megan Lee. "ALTERATIONS IN THE SEEKING AND SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO YOHIMBINE IN RATS SELECTIVELY BRED FOR HIGH ALCOHOL INTAKE." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2617.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Stress has been shown to contribute to alcohol drinking; however, inconsistencies in both the clinical and pre-clinical literature speak to the need for better paradigms to study this interaction. The present experiments compared animal models of the propensity to consume ethanol, the selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) rat lines, in their response to yohimbine on ethanol seeking and self-administration and anxiety-like behavior. The P and HAD lines consume similar amounts of ethanol, yet differ in apparent motivation to drink ethanol, in anxiety-like behavior, and response to stress in alcohol drinking. Therefore, it was of interest to determine whether stress may differentially affect ethanol-motivated behaviors between the P and HAD lines. Acute administration of yohimbine, an α-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist that increases anxiety and activate stress systems, increased operant ethanol self-administration and reinstatement of ethanol seeking in P rats, and free-choice ethanol drinking in both P and HAD rats. However, acute yohimbine administration decreased ethanol drinking when given limited access in the home cage, an effect that was diminished by extending the pre-treatment interval or increasing the number of ethanol exposure sessions. Yohimbine did not alter appetitive responding during a non-reinforced trial, nor did yohimbine alter the acquisition of free-choice ethanol drinking. Exposure to alcohol deprivation resulted in modest increases in ethanol intake, but yohimbine did not potentiate this effect. While acute yohimbine administration increased anxiety-like behavior, prior experience with repeated yohimbine exposures or with repeated deprivation periods did not. P rats were shown to be more active and less anxious and to display greater responding during a non-reinforced trial than HAD rats. Taken together, the results of these experiments demonstrate that the timing of yohimbine exposure relative to ethanol access is a critical component to determining its effects on ethanol seeking and self-administration and anxiety-like behavior. Further investigation into the parameters under which stress alters the motivation to seek and consume ethanol between these selectively bred lines is warranted, and future work that incorporates therapeutic agents aimed at reducing stress reactivity and alcohol drinking could elucidate effective strategies in the treatment of alcoholism.
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"成就目標、自我效能、價值及課堂環境與學業求助." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073797.
Full textAbstract:
李曉東.論文(博士)--香港中文大學, 2000.
參考文獻 (p. 199-210)
中英文摘要.
Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Li Xiaodong.
Lun wen (bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000.
Can kao wen xian (p. 199-210)
Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.
49
Johnson, Courtney Beth. "The roles of commitment and attributions on uninvolved partner responses to imagined sexual infidelity." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4858.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This study examined the roles of commitment and attributions in uninvolved partner responses to imagined sexual infidelity. Undergraduate students (N = 298) in dating relationships participated in a hypothetical sexual infidelity scenario in which they imagined their romantic partner engaged in sexual intercourse with someone else. Measured-variable path analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of commitment and attributions on negative emotional responses and predicted relationship continuation. The hypothesized conceptual model demonstrated poor fit to sample data. Through exploratory model building, an alternative model was generated that demonstrated good fit to sample data. A subset of commitment, investment, predicted negative affect. In addition, attributions predicted predictions of relationship continuation. Negative emotional responses were highly endorsed on a validated measure for emotional responses, the PANAS-X (Watson & Clark, 1994). Further, study findings highlight the importance of the use of a compliance check in assessing successful participant completion of imagined infidelity scenario. Unique study contributions include directions for further conceptual model development for this area of research as well as support for the use of compliance checks and careful selection of infidelity scenario.
50
Veale, Roberta. "Investigating the simultaneous influence of intrinsic and extrinsic cues an examination of the interaction between country of origin, price and selected sensory variables /." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38837.
Full textAbstract:
The research was undertaken to quantify the power of selected extrinsic (price and country of origin) and intrinsic cues (acid in chardonnay and fat in brie) on consumer evaluations of both experienced and expected product quality, and further, to measure the respective influences of objective knowledge, subjective knowledge and self-confidence on these quality assessments. The study also seeks to determine if a survey conducted measuring expectations of quality would yield comparable results with quality assessments based on actual product experience. The study was comprised of sensory experiments using full profile conjoint analysis experimental design to measure quality perception, followed by a survey where only product description profiles were provided. The analysis from both stages show findings that are remarkably similar in most respects. Results of the sensory experiment for chardonnay show both extrinsic cues tested to be more important than acid levels, while results for the survey show price maintained the strongest influence, with comparable expectations regarding the importance of country of origin and acid. For brie (both stages) consumer opinions were consistent; with price found the most influential; and while country of origin was considered relatively important, fat levels were more influential for both groups. Whilst for chardonnay (both stages) respondents held consistent beliefs regarding each acid level tested, for brie respondents experiencing the highest level of fat held an opposite view to respondents assessing quality based on their expected liking for this type of product. The influence of knowledge (objective and subjective) and self-confidence was found to be sporadic and weak, likely due to respondents’ general lack of objective knowledge in both stages of the survey. In the case of self-confidence, results are surprising given that respondents in both studies exhibited reasonably healthy degrees of self-confidence. The research provides important information to marketers seeking to exploit the most attractive aspects of their products and platform for a number of subsequent studies.Thesis(PhD)-- School of Commerce, 2007