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1
丁錫全 and Sik-chuen Dick Ting. "Relationship of psychotic symptoms to sex offending: a retrospective study of sex offenders with mentaldisorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558162.
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Briley, Joshua Paul. "Trauma Responses, Abuse History, and Exposure to Violence as Risk Factors in Adolescent Sex and Non-Sex Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4369/.
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Several risk factors have been identified for adolescent sex offenders and non-sex offenders. Such risk factors include physical and/or sexual abuse, and exposure to community and/or domestic violence. Additionally, the presence of disinhibitive factors, such as substance use and exposure to violent or pornographic media are also commonly reported in the backgrounds of both sex and non-sex offenders. Similarly, adolescent offenders have reported traumatic reactions to environmental factors such as abuse and violence. Similarities in exposure to the risk and disinhibitive factors described above between adolescent sex and non-sex offenders do not provide an explanation for why some adolescents commit sex offenses, whereas other adolescent offenders do not. This study investigated the discriminative ability of traumatic reactions as a risk factor between male adolescent sex and non-sex offenders. The inclusion of traumatic reactions increased the accuracy of risk factors distinguishing between sex and non-sex offenders. Thus, not only the presence of risk factors, but also the adolescent's reaction to the risk factors, are important predictors of whether he will commit a sexual offense.
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Carter, Megan N. "Adult and Juvenile Sexual Offenders: The Use of Violence and Fantasies." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1719.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a widespread and devastating problem in our society. Definitional challenges result in a broad range of prevalence rates for CSA varying from 60/0 to 62% for females and 30/0 to 31 % for males (Finkelhor, Araji, Baron, Browne, Peters, & Wyatt, 1986). Although CSA affects our nation's children in epidemic proportions, researchers have found little conclusive evidence regarding CSA precursors.
One promising area for exploring the etiology of CSA may be the differential patterns of sexual fantasies in juvenile and adult sex offenders. Abel, Becker, Mittleman, Cunningham-Rathner, Rouleau and Murphy (1987) found that more than 40% of non-familial child molesters reported the development of deviant sexual fantasies prior to sexually offending. Despite variations in offender subgroups, Marshall, Barbaree and Eccles (1991) found that 22% of the offenders experienced deviant fantasies prior to their first sexual offense. Unfortunately, the literature in this area has been quite limited despite its potential.
Understanding offender similarities and differences in adult and juvenile populations may be important due to the large proportion of the offender population who begin sexually offending as juveniles and due to the treatment modalities that may be implemented for developmentally different offenders. As many as 500/0 of adult sex offenders have reported sexually deviant behavior beginning in adolescence (Becker, 1988; Ferhenbach, Smith, Monastersky & Deisher, 1986; Marshall, Barbaree, & Eccles, 1991). Juveniles have also been identified as perpetrators in more than half of all cases (Fehrenbach, Smith, Monastersky, & Deisher, 1986).
This study investigates the relationship between offenders' sexual fantasies and their use of physical force to sexually offend. This investigation was also designed to examine the similarities and differences between adult and adolescent sexual offenders on these dimensions. Findings reveal an empirical relationship between offenders' fantasies and behaviors in sexual offending. It is anticipated that additional knowledge regarding potential relationships between fantasies and behaviors will assist in assessing and intervening with accused and convicted sexual offenders. Potential implications for clinical assessment and intervention into sexual abuse are discussed as well as the potential for understanding maintenance factors in the continuation of sexual abuse.
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Knox, Lee Anna. "Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Consideration of Attachment Deficits in the Etiology of Offending." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4143.
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Child sexual abuse is a serious and widespread problem that has been associated with a variety of short and long term consequences to victims, offenders, families, communities and society at large. In recent years, it has been recognized that up to 40% of sexual offenses occur at the hands of adolescent offenders (between 12-18 years of age). The literature suggests that early childhood familial experiences, specifically attachment deficits and experiencing abuse in childhood may be associated with offending behavior in adolescents. Important developments in attachment theory are reviewed and discussed as they relate to the etiology of offending behavior and resulting consequences. In this study, internal working models and the framework of Bartholomew's Four Category Model of Attachment (1991) are used to categorize participants based on their perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their supervisor (female caregiver) and personal histories of abuse. Study findings demonstrate that attachment style is significantly related to juvenile offender status (Sex Offender, Delinquent, and non-offending Comparison), and a significant number of Juvenile Sex Offenders report having suffered one or more types of childhood abuse. Finally, implications from this investigation are explored in regard to treatment and directions for future research are discussed.
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Sitney, Miranda. "The Role of Caregiver Disruption in the Development of Juvenile Sexual Offenders." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4474.
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In the last decade, it has been recognized that juveniles commit as much as 20% of all sexual offenses in the United States (DOJ, 2004). Research that attempts to understand why young people commit sex crimes points to an array of family factors that may uniquely contribute to the development of sexual offending over and above general juvenile delinquency. This study specifically examines disrupted caregiving, or receiving insufficient or substitute care, as a potential moderator in the relationship between offense status and caregiver-child relationship quality. Four distinct moderators were tested: gender of caregiver, biological relationship between caregiver and child, number of times the youth has changed caregivers, and child maltreatment history. Results indicate that juvenile sexual offenders have particularly poor relationships with their primary caregivers, and that caregiver gender, biological relationship between caregiver and child, and child maltreatment history act as moderators. Thus, while juvenile sexual offenders in general have poor relationships with their caregivers, those with male caregivers and those who have experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, have relationships that are even worse. In contrast, sexual offenders raised by non-biological caregivers showed better relationship quality than did youth raised by their biological parents. These findings suggest opportunities for early intervention, before caregiving is disrupted. Furthermore, additional supports may be offered to youth whose family structures suggest that they may be at increased risk.
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Gray, Stephen A. "Some psychometrically determined sequelae of sexual abuse in adolescent male victims." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/423.
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Knox, Lee Anna. "Attachment and Adolescent Offending: An Examination of the Links between Sexually Abusive Behavior and the Level of Attachment to Parents and Peers." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1634.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is recognized as a public health problem with consequences affecting all levels of the ecological model. In recent years it has been recognized that up to 40% of reported sexual offenses occur at the hands of adolescent offenders (Burton, 2000), who are defined as children aged 12-18 years. In recent years, research has suggested that attachment deficits contribute to sexual offending behavior in adolescence. The current study augments the sparse research with adolescent offenders and by exploring of the participant's perceived attachment to important others (mother/mother figures, father/father figures, and peers/friends). Participants included 101 Juvenile sex offenders (JSO) and 97 Juvenile Delinquents (JD) detained in Oregon Youth Authority (OYA) facilities during the summer of 2010. Significant differences were found in adolescents' attachment to father/father figures in both overall attachment and a perceived degree of trust. Additionally JSO also showed a higher level of alienation from father/father figures and lower in overall perceived degree of trust with all important others. These findings may provide an opportunity for early intervention strategies, as well as support programs designed to strengthen or develop connections between adolescent offenders and positive male role models to enhance the effectiveness of juvenile sex offender treatment.
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Tews, Hayley Lauren. "The Effects of Offender Age and Offender-Victim Relationship on Modus Operandi Strategies to Lure the Victim." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1040.
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Research on the modus operandi (“method of operation”) of child sexual abuse (CSA) offenders has been useful in informing successful prevention programs (LeClerc, 2009). However, a gap in the literature regarding the strategies offenders use to lure potential CSA victims still remains. The present study seeks to examine the effects of offender-victim relationship and offender age on the use of strategies to lure victims for the purpose of committing CSA. Data for this study is taken from a larger investigation which included 854 identified adolescent and adult CSA offenders from nine different states. A 2 X 2 MANCOVA analysis revealed significant group differences for the each of the subgroups of interest in their use of threats and coercion to lure victims for the purpose of committing CSA. More specifically, it was found that adolescent CSA offenders utilize threats and coercion with a greater frequency than adult CSA offenders and intra-familial CSA offenders utilize threats and coercion with a greater frequency than extra-familial CSA offenders. Follow up analyses at the item level indicated group differences on multiple items (i.e., specific strategies) comprising the subscales used. The implications of these findings for treatment and prevention work in this area are discussed, as are policy impacts. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided.
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O'Sullivan, Debbie Lee. "Understanding why male juveniles perpetrate: An exploratory study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2848.
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The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of why social workers believe a male juvenile would commit a sexual abuse act toward another child and how this juvenile should be understood within the social services system and society. Social workers believe interventions are needed once the abuse has occurred.
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McMunn, Patrick. "Psychological Characteristics of Sex Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6619.
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Current therapeutic treatment methods are ineffective in identifying at-risk sex offenders and reducing recidivism of known offenders, likely due to inadequate identification of specific traits of sex offenders. Previous research and prominent theories in the area of sex offender treatment, in terms of the biological foundation of substance abuse, behaviors of sex offenders, and the presence of aggression, helped to guide this research. Data about sex offenders were collected, as reported by mental health professionals who treat them and focused on three characteristics: maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviors, on which the research questions were formed to detect commonality. For this study, a phenomenological approach was chosen through a qualitative design and an 11-item open-ended questionnaire was developed with which 11 mental health professionals who treated sex offenders were interviewed. The audio was transcribed, the text was coded into the themes of the research questions, and the data was analyzed for commonality. The results indicate that all three traits in the research questions are common among sex offenders. The results of this research added to the framework of understanding of common behaviors among sex offenders and to positive social change by providing a clearer understanding of the three targeted behaviors. The information gathered from this qualitative research will guide larger-scale quantitative studies on the sex offender population, ultimately assisting sex offender treatment providers and forensic interviewers with more rapid identification of traits specific to sex offenders.
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Engelstatter, Mary T. "Self-blame, coping, perceived control and psychological symptoms in child sex offenders and batterers /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/engelstatterm/maryengelstatter.pdf.
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Wolff, Kathleen. "The Lived Experience of Remorse Among Male, Adolescent Offenders: A Phenomenological Inquiry." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22073.
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Remorse continues to play an important role in the legal system and in offender rehabilitation; yet, it remains an understudied concept. Research related to remorse at the phenomenological level is sparse and studies that focus on youthful offenders are nearly non-existent. The purpose of this study was to describe the essence of the lived experience of male, adolescent offenders, who have experienced the phenomenon of remorse in the context of their crimes. Colaizzi‟s descriptive, phenomenological approach to inquiry and analysis guided this qualitative study. Narratives from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 male, African American and European American, ages 16-18 year-old offenders placed in privately owned Residential Treatment Programs served as data. Eight clusters of themes and 18 themes emerged from the data and provided rich descriptions of the remorse experience among this population. Findings supported the positive and negative aspects of remorse noted in the literature. Implications for future nursing research, nursing practice, and policy were provided.
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McCoy, Marcia E. "Predictors of recidivism in a population of Canadian sex offenders, psychological, physiological, and offence factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26133.pdf.
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Moran, Thomas. "Moral development and moral action : a study of youthful offenders." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29027.
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This study was designed to explore possible relations between moral maturity and moral action by evaluating groups of delinquent and non-delinquent youth, and examining their relative position on multiple measures of moral maturity and criminality. Subjects were 60 male adjudicated juvenile offenders between the ages of 14 and 17, and 20 non-delinquent controls. All youth participated in a series of structured interviews used as a way of assessing their abilities on Kohlberg's moral reasoning, Turiel's social convention understanding, and Selman's social perspective taking measures, and were administered Hogan's socialization, empathy, and autonomy scales. The delinquent youth were assigned immorality ratings and further classified according to legal categories. Ratings for Hare's Psychopathy Checklist were obtained from primary therapists for the delinquents and from school counsellors for the non-delinquent comparison group.
The results revealed that as a group, delinquent subjects showed substantial developmental delays in their performances on measures of moral reasoning, social convention understanding, interpersonal awareness and indices of socialization and autonomy. Hogan's empathy measure also showed a trend in the same direction. The majority of the delinquent youth were found to score at a preconventional-concrete reasoning level and showed a general lack of social-moral character. Tests of communality among the six moral maturity measures produced distinct and internally consistent cognitive reasoning (i.e., moral reasoning, interpersonal awareness, and social convention understanding) and moral character (i.e., socialization, empathy, and autonomy) clusters which lend support to the claims of Brown, Harre, and Hogan regarding the multidimensionality of moral development. There was an expected inverse relationship between immorality and moral maturity for the low and moderate seriousness groups, and an inconsistent pattern for the high group. This later finding was interpreted as an artifact of the fact that those delinquents whose criminal acts were judged most immoral were particularly guilty of various sexual offenses.
The psychometric properties of the Psychopathy Checklist confirm its usefulness with adolescent populations. Three internally consistent factor scales emerged (i.e., motivational deficit, lack of ego strength, and behavioral deviation). While psychopathy was found to significantly correlate with immorality ratings, an unexpected positive relationship was also found between psychopathy and moral reasoning for the sex offender group.
Taken together, all of these results were interpreted in terms of Heider's theory of the psychology of action, which views behavior, in this case moral behavior, as a combination of "can" (i.e., moral reasoning competency) and "try" (i.e., moral character).Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Owens, Donald Phil. "An examination of elements in a healthy and an unhealthy theology and their psychological correlation with religious beliefs of non-violent sexual offenders /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1986.
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Funk, Russell. "MMPI and the juvenile sex offender Russell Funk." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3810.
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This study examined the effectiveness of the MMPI in identifying juvenile sex offenders. This study examined the hypothesis that previously identified subscales of the MMPI (i.e., Toobert et al. (1959) Pe scale and Dolan (1986) Ic scale) could be used in discriminating juvenile sex offenders (n=l 02) (and subgroups of juvenile sex offenders i.e., pedophiles n=79, and incest perpetrators n=41) from a control group of 40 juvenile offenders who had been adjudicated for non-sex related crimes. The study yielded results which indicate that the Pe subscale was not effective in discriminating pedophiles from non-pedophile sex offenders or from the control group. The results also indicated that the Ic subscale was not effective in discriminating incest perpetrators from non-incest sex offenders or the control group. The results from the data also indicate that the control group appeared more pathological than the sex offender group, based on their respective MMPI profiles. In addition, in comparison with previous research on adult sex offenders, there appears to be differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders when comparing mean two point code scores. Problems in defining subgroups were discussed. A lack of research in the area of juvenile sex offenders was identified and a strong recommendation for further research in this area was made.
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Cho, Wan-chi Valda, and 曹韻芝. "The sex-related effect on copings to negative affect." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50899594.
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Rumination is generally defined as a repetition of a theme in thoughts. Rumination has been consistently associated with psychopathologies. Among these psychopathologies, the relationship between depression and rumination is likely the most widely researched. Rumination was found able to predict onset of depression and duration of depressive symptoms. Rumination was also suggested to be a maladaptive coping to stress and distress, which enhance avoidant coping strategies and then further increase depression. Hence, understanding the neural basis of rumination would shed important insight into the mechanisms underpinning the regulation and dysregulation of emotion that would guide the development of cost-effective interventions.
Study One was conducted to understand the sex-related differences in the rumination subtypes’ relationships with negative affect and avoidance. Thirty-six healthy participants (23 females, 13 males) were recruited in the community. We found a positive association between brooding and negative affect in both males and females. We also found, as hypothesized, a positive association between brooding and avoidance, and a negative association between reflective pondering and depression in females. A negative association between reflective pondering and avoidance was also found in males. However, reflective pondering was found to be positively associated with depression in males in this study. The findings suggest a gender difference in their emotional regulation.
The brain structural correlation with this sex-related behavioral data was investigated through a voxel-based morphometry study. The sex-related difference of rumination subtypes and their relationship with negative affect, avoidance and brain volumes were explored. We found males having a larger gray matter volume over left anterior cingulate than females, and gray matter volume of this region was found to be associated with brooding in the literature. A significant interaction effect of gender and brooding was found over gray matter volume of left lateral parietal, while a significant interaction effect of gender and reflective pondering was found over gray matter volume of the several frontal regions. Consistent with the behavioral study findings, the left inferior temporal, left postcentral and right anterior cingulate were found to be associated with the significant associations between rumination and negative affect found in Study One. We also found the left inferior temporal and right precentral positively associated with brooding and behavioral-nonsocial avoidance in females. This was also found to be consistent with results from Study One.
In this study, the sex-related differences among rumination, negative affect and avoidant coping strategies were found to be correlated to the regional gray matter volumes. These findings do not only help us better understand the neural associates behind the sex-related behavioral differences often discussed and found in previous studies, they also give us further information and direction on the management plans of the emotional and avoidance problems associated with rumination.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Phillips, Susana M. (Susana Maria). "The relationship between sex steroid levels and memory functions in women." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28513.
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Memory function was examined in association with sex hormone levels in women. The results of the first study suggest that self-reports of memory problems were especially prevalent among women attending a menopause clinic compared to a nonpatient sample. In the following investigation, women given placebo after undergoing a bilateral oophorectomy showed decreases in memory performance, specifically on a paired-associate learning task, coincident with declines in estrogen levels. Significant improvements were found in estrogen-treated women pre- to postoperatively in the immediate recall of paragraphs, in association with supraphysiological estrogen levels. A final study on naturally-cycling women found a decline in visual memory performance during the menstrual compared to the luteal phase of the cycle. Visual memory scores were positively correlated with progesterone levels whereas paired-associate recall scores were positively associated with estradiol levels during the luteal phase. These results suggest that certain aspects of memory covary with changes in sex steroid levels in some women.
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McBride, Michelle L. "Individual and familial risk factors for adolescent psychopathy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ34588.pdf.
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NEAL, MARY ELIZABETH. "DIAGNOSTIC PREDICTION OF EATING DISORDER PATIENTS ON THE BASIS OF MEASURES OF PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS, FAMILY DYNAMICS AND TRADITIONAL SEX-ROLE BELIEFS (ANOREXIA NERVOSA, BULIMIA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183900.
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This study explored three areas believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis and presenting clinical picture of the eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Measures of personal effectiveness, family dynamics, and traditional sex-role beliefs were assessed in groups of restricted anorexics, bulimic anorexics, normal weight bulimics and controls. Control subjects manifested the highest degree of psychological adjustment, resourcefulness, and self-direction, while restricting anorexics obtained the lowest score on this measure. Bulimics experienced the highest degree of personal effectiveness of the patient groups, with bulimic anorexics falling in-between restricting anorexics and bulimics. Control subjects also reported that they felt more independent, accepted and tolerated in their family than any of the eating disorder groups. Bulimic subjects scored closest to controls on this measure, with bulimic anorexics experiencing the least degree of acceptance, tolerance and independence of all groups. Finally, control subjects defined themselves in a more traditionally masculine role than did any of the eating disorder groups. Restricting anorexics were most likely to describe themselves as passive, submissive, constricted and sensitive; bulimic subjects were more likely to endorse such self-descriptive adjectives as assertive, uninhibited, self-confident and competitive. Bulimic anorexics perceived themselves to be less traditionally feminine than did restricting anorexics, but more than bulimics or controls. The results of this study support the theory that ego deficits contribute to the development of eating disorders.
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Scheck, B. Joann. "MMPI discrimination of incest offenders : a validity study of the IC, SV, and PE subscales." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3701.
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Kneidinger, Linda M. "Contact behavior in sport : functional components and analysis of sex differences." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28787.
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Jackson, Shelly Lynn. "Adult student perceptions of traditionally sex-typed toys." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4327.
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studies have examined children's toy preferences as they relate to sex-role development. However, studies have failed to examine the dimensions of the toys themselves. Because adults purchase the majority of toys children receive, this study sought to determine adult student perceptions of children's traditionally sex-typed toys. Eighty-one participants rated ten selected toys. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed five underlying dimensions. The five dimensions included Productive Play, Sociability, Structure, Gender, and Age. It was discovered that the Gender dimension was less salient than both the Productive Play and Sociability dimensions. The dimensions pertaining to each toy are discussed.
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Liu, Yan Yu Tracy. "Talking about offensive advertising in focus group contexts : a discursive approach to attitudes, gender, and communication." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1420.
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Hill, S. Kristian. "Gender differences in the strategic the [sic] use of self- reported handicaps." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941720.
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The hypothesis that self-handicapping is used differentially by men and women was examined in a naturalistic setting. It was expected that the importance of an exam would be a better predictor of self-handicapping for men, whereas stress was predicted to be a better indicator of self-handicapping for women. College students were assessed the class period prior to a mid-term exam. Participants completed a packet of questionnaires that assessed level of stress, self-handicapping tendencies, anticipated handicaps, perceived importance of the exam, the consequences of their performance (i.e. success or failure), and expected performance. The results did not support the hypotheses. However, there is some evidence that the process of self-handicapping is different for men and women. Discussion focuses on explanations for the lack of hypothesized gender interactions, the self-protective utility of self-handicapping and construct validity of the Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS).Department of Psychological Science
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Martínez, Catena Ana. "Cambio terapéutico y eficacia del tratamiento psicológico de los agresores sexuales = Therapeutic change and effectiveness of psychological treatment of sex offenders." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399174.
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En la actualidad los delitos de abuso y agresión sexual generan un gran rechazo y alarma social a la vez que son conductas prohibidas y castigadas penalmente en la inmensa mayoría de los países. Pese a que los delitos sexuales tienen una prevalencia baja en relación al resto de delitos conocidos, su gravedad y los severos daños que causan a las víctimas (generalmente mujeres y niños) los convierten en conductas criminales de alto riesgo. De ahí que la investigación especializada haya dirigido una gran atención a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la génesis de la agresión sexual y sobre su posible prevención y tratamiento.
Hasta el momento se han descrito numerosos déficits y carencias personales y sociales vinculados al inicio y desarrollo de la agresión sexual, tales como baja autoestima, dificultades de control emocional, déficits de comunicación y de relación interpersonal, aislamiento social, experiencias de victimización, etc. necesidades Algunos de estos elementos, a los que se ha denominado criminógenas (o factores de riesgo dinámicos), son susceptibles de mejora a través de una intervención psicológica adecuada. Por este motivo, las necesidades criminógenas suelen constituir los objetivos principales de los programas de tratamiento con agresores sexuales.
En coherencia con ello, actualmente existen numerosos programas de tratamiento para agresores sexuales dirigidos a promover en los individuos cambios y mejoras en factores de riesgo dinámicos, de cariz cognitivo, actitudinal, emocional y conductual. Por lo que se refiere al tratamiento de los agresores sexuales en los centros penitenciarios españoles, desde 1996 se aplica el Programa de Control de la Agresión Sexual (PCAS), que incluye ingredientes terapéuticos de necesidad criminógena como los siguientes: entrenamiento en relajación mecanismos de defensa; desarrollo de la empatía con la víctima; etc. muscular; restructuración cognitiva; conciencia emocional.
Según se ha concluido en la investigación sobre reincidencia delictiva tanto nacional como internacional, los programas de tratamiento de agresores sexuales tienen una eficacia significativa aunque de tamaño moderado. No obstante, pese a que la participación de los delincuentes sexuales en los tratamientos parece reducir su reincidencia delictiva, todavía se desconoce en gran medida el proceso individual de cambio y mejora terapéutica de los agresores sexuales que podría vincularse finalmente a una menor reincidencia.
Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es la evaluación de la eficacia terapéutica del Programa de Control de la Agresión Sexual aplicado en los centros penitenciarios españoles. En esta dirección, los objetivos específicos planteados en este estudio son los siguientes: (a) revisar la investigación científica sobre las principales necesidades criminógenas de los agresores sexuales, con la finalidad de evaluar en qué medida los programas de tratamiento contribuyen a la solución de dichas necesidades y a la mejora terapéutica de los agresores; (b) explorar la existencia de diversas tipologías de agresores sexuales en función de sus necesidades criminógenas o de tratamiento; y, por último, (c) evaluar el cambio y la mejora terapéutica en una muestra de agresores sexuales tras su participación en el programa de tratamiento.
En consonancia con los objetivos planteados en esta Tesis Doctoral, presentada como compendio de publicaciones, se integran aquí cinco estudios sobre la evaluación y el tratamiento de los agresores sexuales encarcelados en España. Las principales conclusiones que se derivan de los estudios realizados son las que siguen.
En primer lugar, tras la revisión de la bibliografía científica efectuada sobre necesidades criminógenas y tratamiento, se ha podido constatar que el Programa de Control de la Agresión Sexual aplicado en España es susceptible de promover cambios y mejoras en las necesidades terapéuticas de los agresores sexuales que podrían disminuir su riesgo delictivo. Paralelamente, se ha comprobado que pueden establecerse categorías y tipologías de agresores sexuales en función de la intensidad de sus necesidades criminógenas, orientadas a facilitar la aplicación del tratamiento.
Por otro lado, se ha observado una tendencia hacia el incremento de la motivación para el cambio de los agresores sexuales a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo del tratamiento, desde estadios de cambio menos avanzados a estadios más avanzados.
Y finalmente, ha podido concluirse que la participación de los agresores sexuales en un programa de tratamiento promueve la disminución de sus necesidades criminógenas y su mejora terapéutica global. Sin embargo, como en toda investigación sobre eficacia terapéutica, deben tenerse en cuenta diversas limitaciones que se han destacado a lo largo de los diferentes estudios compendiados y de esta Tesis Doctoral en su conjunto.
En síntesis, aunque los resultados de estas investigaciones deben interpretarse con cautela, la conclusión general que puede extraerse es que el programa de tratamiento de agresores sexuales aplicado en las prisiones españolas favorece en los individuos mejoras terapéuticas vinculadas a la reducción de su futura conducta delictiva.Nowadays, sexual abuse or sexual assault crimes generate a great rejection and social alarm, since they constitute as prohibited and criminally punishable acts in the vast majority of countries. Although sexual offenses have a low prevalence in comparison with other known offenses, they need to be considered high-risk criminal behaviours due to their severity and the serious harm they cause the victims (usually women and children). So far, numerous personal and social deficits and deficiencies related to the onset and development of sexual aggression have been described, such as low self-esteem, emotional difficulties, communication and interpersonal deficits, social isolation, victimization experiences, etc. In relation to this, there are currently numerous treatment programs for sex offenders aimed at promoting changes and improvement in individuals’ cognitive, emotional, behavioural and attitude-related dynamic risk factors. Since 1996, the Sexual Offending Control Program (SOCP) is applied in Spanish penitentiary centres. For all of the above, the main purpose of this Doctoral Thesis is the assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of the Sexual Offending Control Program applied in Spanish prisons. Accordingly, the specific objectives of this study are: (a) to review the scientific research on the main criminogenic needs of sex offenders in order to evaluate the extent to which treatment programs contribute to offenders’ therapeutic improvement and related needs; (b) to explore the existence of different typologies of sexual aggressors according to their criminogenic or treatment needs; and, finally, (c) to evaluate change and therapeutic improvement in a sample of sex offenders after their treatment participation. In line with the objectives outlined in this Doctoral Thesis, presented as a compendium of publications, five studies on the assessment and treatment of sex offenders imprisoned in Spain are included. In summary, although the results of these studies need to be interpreted with prudence, the general conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sexual Offending Control Program implemented in Spain is likely to promote changes and improvement in the sex offenders’ therapeutic needs, which could reduce their criminal risk.
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Walker, Amanda L. "Working with sex offenders and those individuals with a learning disability : the importance of psychological factors in the delivery of care." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3156/.
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This research study explores the importance of psychological factors in the delivery of care to individuals who are sex offenders and may have a learning disability. This is achieved through two different ways. A literature has been undertaken to question what the psychological impact is to those working with sex offenders. Findings showed that several potential harmful effects exist, which can be increased or reduced through a selection of moderating and protective factors. The authenticity of these outcomes is restricted by various methodological limitations which are described. The empirical study explores staff attitudes to working with sex offenders who have a learning disability. This cross-sectional study showed the importance of a staffs qualification, emotional response and level of burnout in determining their attitudes. Clinical implications, methodological limitations and future studies are provided. Finally a brief public domain paper provides a summary of these papers and offers recommendations for clinical practice.
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Lauffer, Patricia Louise 1961. "THE EFFECT OF GENDER, GENDER ROLE, AND WEIGHT TRAINING ON SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY CATHEXIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276469.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the self-concepts and body cathexis of both males and females engaged in an eleven week weight training course and to examine if differences in gender role would influence the relationship of strength to self-concept and body cathexis. Each group (weight trainers versus controls) was administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Body Cathexis Scale. Strength measures were obtained. Group by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the groups and genders. Gender role by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the androgynous and masculine typed males and females. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of strength to body cathexis and self-concept. Results indicated pre- and post differences between and among the groups and genders and the genders and the gender roles.
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Malhotra, Damini. "Psychological Stress Reactivity and Recovery: The Role of Cognitive Appraisals, Ethnicity and Sex." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12158/.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the role of sex, ethnicity and cognitive appraisals, separately and in combination, on the physiological stress response. One hundred and eight undergraduate students from two North Texas universities participated in the study. They were subjected to a laboratory stressor and heart rate, peripheral temperature and cortisol levels were measured pre-, during-, and post- stressor. Perceived stress and cognitive appraisals were measured via self-report. Multivariate analysis of variance tests were conducted to analyze the main and interaction effects during baseline, reactivity and post-stress recovery. Results indicated some significant main effects for sex and ethnicity but no consistent pattern of results or interactions among variables were revealed. The study's implications and areas of future research are discussed.
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Botha, Ilza. "Female sexuality and body image during pregnancy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14741.
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Bibliography: leaves 406-467.This explorative study, partially based on the psychological and developmental perspectives, evaluated female sexuality and body image during pregnancy and the postnatal period. A cross-sectional and longitudinal research design was used. Several female (n = 208) and male ( n = 84) subsamples were evaluated. Assessment included a Biographical Questionnaire, Female and Male Sexuality Scales rated on 3- and 5- point scales, and the Rorschach Inkblot Test, scored for Barrier and Penetration responses. Parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques were employed in the cross-sectional data analysis. The biographical background of the subjects was homogeneous. Predominantly all of the women were educated, had planned their pregnancies, attended prenatal classes and were informed about the process of pregnancy. Chi-square tests on the single items measuring female sexuality, from prior to conception to during pregnancy, and after childbirth, showed a significant decline in females' sexual satisfaction and in the intensity with which they experienced orgasms. Excluding the retrospective data, a significant decline was found on female sexual desire and enjoyment during pregnancy and during the postnatal period. Physiologically related reasons were commonly associated with declined sexual desire. Few pregnant or postnatal women abstained from sexual intercourse or introduced coital methods and positions unfamiliar to them. A factor analysis of the single sexuality variables revealed four factors, Sexual Responsivity, Sexual Orgasmic Ability, Multiple Orgasmic Ability and Sexual Motivation. The data subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant linear downward trend of Female Sexual Responsivity over the gestation period and after childbirth. The conclusion is drawn that female sexuality I specifically referring to the psychological dimension (Factor 1) was not related to a specific trimester (or stage). No significant differences were evident on the physiological dimension of female sexuality referring to Orgasmic Ability or Sexual Motivation. Female body image was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The descriptive analysis showed that pregnant women felt overweight, and unacceptable by social standards, yet they viewed these bodily states as temporary. The projective account of body image yielded no significant differences. The conclusion was drawn that women consciously rejected their pregnant body image, but subconsciously it formed part of their identity. Expectant fathers only experienced a significant decline in sexual satisfaction and initiated less sexual activity during their wives' pregnancy. It was concluded that male sexuality was minimally affected by their partner's pregnancy. Finally, pregnancy was found to be a natural and positive event.
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Morgan, Charles P. "A phenomenological investigation of the experience of being a male counsellor relative to issues of sex and gender roles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ34591.pdf.
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DeAngelo, Joseph M. "A psychological and behavioral analysis of child sex offenders the use of expert search warrants in the criminal investigation of acquaintance molestation /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/JDeAngelo2007.pdf.
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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.
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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.
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Goldsmith, Janet Day. "The Effect of Psychological Gender and Self-monitoring on Leader Emergence and Leader Behavior." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4974.
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Three aspects of renal function were measured in the toad, Bufo marinus (N=lO): (1) effect of rate of blood volume expansion on renal functions (UFR; GFR; urine and plasma ion concentrations; and ion excretion rates), (2) effect of hypo- and hyperosmotic blood volume expansions on renal functions, and (3) role of GFR and tubular processes in the differential response of UFR under different osmotic expansion stresses. Renal responses to differential rates of blood volume expansion have not been investigated in amphibians. Rate responses will be analyzed considering effects: ( 1) during infusion (neural, or, short term regulation of extracellular fluid volume) and (2) post infusion (hormonal, or, long term regulation of extracellular fluid volume). Volume expansions were administered with hypoosmotic (0.4%) saline and hyperosmotic (1.4%) saline, and ranged in rate from 4.0 to 20.6 ml/kg/min. This protocol is designed to present volume regulatory mechanisms with increased volume stimuli and different osmotic stimuli. Overall, infusion rate had no significant effects on renal responses measured: urine flow rate (UFR); glomerular filtration rate (GFR); urine and plasma ion concentrations; natriuresis; or kaliuresis. This was true for the infusion period and for the observed post infusion period (90 min). Rate was correlated with GFR in the hypoosmotic group (r=0.30, p=0.04) and natriuresis in the hyperosmotic group (r=0.34, p=0.03). A significant positive correlation was observed between UFR and GFR. Relative to treatment, UFR differed significantly; GFR response was inherently similar despite differences at individual intervals, indicating UFR differences between the treatments is due to tubular processes. Responses to hypoosmotic infusion included a significant diuresis, natriuresis, and a decreased urine sodium concentration, relative to hyperosmotic infusion. At low UFRs the hyperosmotic group produced urine relatively concentrated in sodium. Urine sodium concentration and UFR were positively correlated in the hypoosmotic infusion group -- at high UFRs, kidneys were unable to produce a dilute urine.
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Barry, Monica Anne. "Understanding youth offending : in search of 'social recognition'." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2022.
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This thesis, whilst taking a predominantly criminological topic as its subject matter, incorporates other sociological and social psychological debates around youth transitions, power relations, youth culture and capital. In so doing, this thesis attempts to come to terms with the wider problems faced by young people who become embroiled in offending. It argues that the transition to 'adulthood' is heavily implicated in the fact that most offending occurs in late childhood and youth. This study asked 20 young women and 20 young men about why they started and stopped offending and what influenced or inhibited them in that behaviour as they grew older. What these young people suggested was that their decision to offend - or not offend - was very much based on their need to feel included in their social world, through friendships in childhood and through wider commitments in adulthood. The process of moving through the transitional arrangements from childhood, through youth, to adulthood seems to run parallel with the process of starting offending, maintaining such behaviour over a period of time and eventually stopping offending in favour of greater conventionality and stability. This analysis of the parallel paths between the process of youth transitions and the process of offending draws on the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, in particular that of capital accumulation. But it goes further in suggesting the need to take into account not only capital accumulation but also capital expenditure and power imbalances - power imbalances based not only on class distinctions, as Bourdieu suggests, but also on age and status.
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Dolan, Mary S. "The MMPI : a subscale (Ic) for the identification of male incest offenders." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3406.
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The MMPI has been used extensively for the clinical assessment of deviancy among sexual offenders. In order to derive a diagnostic scale for the specific identification of male incest offenders, an item analysis, using MMPI data from offenders, compared MMPI data from a nonoffending control sample. The item analysis results were cross validated with MMPI data from a separate sample of incest offenders. Eleven MMPI items were found to be critical in discriminating male incest offenders from nonoffenders, and these items comprise the Ic experimental scale. On the basis of the Ic scale, male incest offenders evidence characterological disturbances in the form of pervasive feelings of psychological and social inadequacy.
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Ruggiero, Karen M. "The social psychological consequences of being a victim of discrimination." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26076.
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This thesis describes a program of research aimed at examining the social psychological consequences of being a victim of discrimination. An experimental paradigm was developed to determine if, and to what extent, disadvantaged group members perceive the discrimination that confronts them. Women were asked to react to negative feedback after receiving information about the probability that they had been discriminated against. When discrimination was made ambiguous, subjects minimized their personal experience with discrimination and attributed their failure to themselves. A second experiment investigated the role of perceived control as a potential cause of minimization of personal discrimination. The results indicated that disadvantaged group members were reluctant to blame their performance on discrimination because in so doing, they were placing control for their outcomes in the hands of others rather than themselves. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the on-going victimization of disadvantaged group members.
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Olney, Cynthia Ann. "THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATOR GENDER, NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION STYLE, AND RESPONDENT GENDER ON MANAGERS' TASK AND SOCIAL ATTRACTIVENESS (WORKING WOMEN)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275426.
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McGuirl, Kerry Elizabeth. "Gender differences regarding the idealized sex partner." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115755.
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College student men (n = 185) and women (n = 244) rated how desirable certain characteristics are in an ideal sex partner within a long-term relationship. They reported personal beliefs and predictions about the other gender's preferences. Of the twenty-six items that comprised each measure, factor analyses yielded five subscales: Communication/Openness, Physical Attractiveness, Knowledge/Skill, Take Control, and Response/Drive. As hypothesized, men placed greater emphasis than did women on Physical Attractiveness and Response/Drive, whereas women, more than men, believed Knowledge/Skill was important. Men and women differed completely on what they thought was important to each other. Furthermore, men recognized that there were gender differences on all subscales but Knowledge/Skill, whereas women recognized gender differences on all subscales. When the actual responses of men and women were compared with the beliefs that each had about the other, results showed that both genders underestimated the importance the other placed on Communication/Openness and overestimated that of Physical Attractiveness. Results are discussed with regard to implications for counselors.Department of Psychological Science
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Barrett, Redfern Jon. "Queer friendship : same sex love in the works of Thomas Gray, Anna Seward, Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43030.
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Balshem, Howard. "AIDS-Preventative Behaviors and the Psychological Costs of Behavior Change." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4705.
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This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.
These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.
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Simonich, Heather K. "Sex differences in social support among cancer patients." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1222834.
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Social support is likely to play an especially important role in coping with a cancer diagnosis as it presents a unique set of stressors to the individual. The purpose of this study was to examine biological sex differences in the perceived availability of three modes of social support (emotional, instrumental, and informational), source of support (friends vs. family), and social support seeking behavior in a population of cancer patients. The sample included 71 men and 71 women who had been diagnosed with cancer within two years of the start of the study. No significant sex differences were found in social support seeking; however, results revealed that women perceived greater availability of emotional support as well as greater support from friends on all modes of social support than did men. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Gross, Amanda. "A Correlative Study of Gender and Social Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3143/.
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This study examines the concepts of social style and gender to determine if a relationship exists between the two constructs. The hypotheses suggested a direct relationship between the categories of the BSRI (masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated) and the Social Style Analysis (driver, amiable, expressive, and analytical). Ninety-four participants completed two self-report surveys. Chi-square analysis performed on the data found a significant relationship between feminine and amiable as well as androgynous and expressive. While the analysis suggested that masculine/driver and undifferentiated/analytical were not independent, the relationship found was not significant.
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Carville, John Anthony. "The effects of obesity and gender on selection of therapist and expectations about the therapeutic process." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/957.
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Van, Wyk Stephanie Anne. "From incarceration to successful reintegration : an ethnographic study of the impact of a halfway house on recidivism amongst female ex-offenders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86401.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the psychological and social reasons for recidivism among women offenders of the law and explores the impact halfway houses could have on reducing recidivism in SA. Despite the problem of high crime and offender recidivism in SA there is a lack of research into projects within the country that are attempting to address the situation. This paper ascribes to be an authentic voice from one who has had the unique opportunity of observing the SA prison system from within, over a period of 15 years, and one who has sought to assist ex-offenders in their reintegration from prison to society by providing support once outside of prison over the past 10 years. The thesis is auto-ethnographic in design and method. This research examines the reasons for criminal acts among women and seeks to investigate and determine the unique complexities surrounding women and crime. A high prevalence of sexual and physical abuse is corroborated as common precursors to conduct problems in female offenders, while mental ill health is found to be marked among women in prison. Recommendations are made for the establishment of halfway houses in SA and strategies are suggested for the development of such halfway houses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die sielkundige en sosiale redes vir residivisme onder vroue oortreders van die wet en ondersoek die impak wat halfweghuise kan hê op die vermindering van residivisme in Suid-Afrika. Ten spyte van die probleem van hoë misdaad en residivisme in Suid-Afrika is daar nie baie geskryf oor projekte in die land wat probeer om die situasie aan te spreek nie. Hierdie verhandeeling is geskryf om 'n outentieke stem te wees van ‘n persoon wat ‘n unieke geleentheid het om die Suid-Afrikaanse gevangenis stelsel van binne af te sien oor 'n tydperk van 15 jaar, en wat poog om die probleem wat ex-oortreders vind met herintegrasie uit die tronk deur middel van ondersteuning buite die tronk vir die afgelope 10 jaar. Die verhandeling is outo-etnografies in ontwerp en metode. Hierdie tesis neem die redes in ag van kriminele dade onder vroue en poog om die unieke kompleksiteit rondom vroue en misdaad te ondersoek. Die navorsing staaf 'n hoë voorkoms van seksuele en fisiese mishandeling as 'n gemeenskaplike voorloper probleem in vroulike oortreders. Geestesgesondheid is waar geneem onder vroue in die tronk. Die idee van halfweghuise in die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap is op die been gebring. Die artikel stel verder strategie vir die ontwikkeling van die halfweghuise in Suid-Afrika voor.
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Tenty, Crystal Renee. "Sex Work and Moral Conflict: Enhancing the Quality of Public Discourse Using Photovoice Method." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3005.
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This thesis uses an advocacy/participatory framework and moral conflict theory to examine the opposing ideas: and interests of parties involved in the issue of prostitution on 82nd Avenue in Portland, Oregon. It locates areas of contention within the larger dominant feminist discourse, which views sex work as either a form of violence and exploitation or as a form of legitimate free-contract labor. The thesis shows how the intractable moral conflict between these differing feminist theories and values can be mediated using participatory data collection techniques.
Ethnographic data was collected and analyzed from 11 women working in the sex industry in Portland, highlighting voices commonly left out of the conflict. Participants were given cameras and invited to photo-document their individual and community's needs and aspirations through the qualitative, arts-based research method, photovoice. An exhibit of these photographs was displayed as an art exhibit at several locations throughout the Portland area. Data collection methods also included a review of local media sources collected between September 2007 and April 2009, and field notes gathered from participatory and non-participatory observations at public town hall forums. Close analytic attention is given to the perspectives of those marginalized populations of sex workers excluded from the dialogue on issues that directly affect them.
This thesis demonstrates ways in which community-based, participatory research, such as the use of photovoice method, can empower marginalized individuals to affect change within their community. The exhibit of photovoice data was used to enhance communication among individuals and groups involved in an intractable moral conflict about sex work in Portland. This thesis argues that photovoice method has potential for increasing the quality of public discourse to manage moral conflicts or to discover resolutions suitable to the needs and desires of multiple stakeholders.
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Sauer, Eric M. "The imposter phenomenon : locus of control, sex, level of education, generation status, age and race in a college population." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/770940.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impostor phenomenon (IP), an internal feeling of intellectual phoniness that was originally discovered in a group of highly successful women (Clance & Imes, 1979), by administering Harvey's IP Scale, Ratter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (LOC) and a demographic questionnaire to 126 college students (73 women and 53 men). The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between the impostor phenomenon locus of control, gender, level of education, generation status, age and race. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between the impostor phenomenon and locus of control. No other constructs were found to be significantly related to the impostor phenomenon.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Nel, René. "An industrial psychological review of factors and barriers that are keeping women from reaching top positions in the modern workplace." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53267.
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Hofmeyr, Doreen Grace. "Die invloed van 'n vasektomie op die seksuele satisfaksie van die getroude man." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51711.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many men are of the opinion that a vasectomy will have a detrimental effect on their sexual satisfaction, which is why this convenient method of contraception is often ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a vasectomy had any effect on important aspects of a marriage, such as sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, communication and frequency of sexual intercourse. An experimental group and two control groups were used and data were collected by means of a biographical questionnaire and two questionnaires which were applied before and five months after the vasectomy. Results indicated no significant difference between the before and after measurements regarding sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, communication and frequency of sexual intercourse. It was also revealed that although strong correlations were found between marital satisfaction, communication and sexual satisfaction, a weak correlation was found between frequency of sexual intercourse and the other measured variables.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeiemansmeendat 'n vasektomie hul seksuele satisfaksie nadelig sal beïnvloed en daarom word hierdie gerieflike geboortebeperkingsmetode dikwels oor die hoof gesien. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of daar na 'n vasektomie veranderinge plaasgevind het in belangrike huweliksaspekte van die man, naamlik seksuele satisfaksie, huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie in die huwelik en frekwensievan seksuelegemeenskap. Daar is van 'n eksperimentele groep en twee kontrolegroepe gebruik gemaak. Data is ingesamel deur middel van fn biografiese vraelys en twee vraelyste wat in 'n voor-meting en vyf maande na die vasektomie toegepasis. Resultatetoon dat daar geen beduidende verskil is tussen die voor- en na-metings wat betref seksuele satisfaksie, huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie in die huwelik en frekwensie van seksuele gemeenskap nie. Daar is ook gevind dat alhoewel die verbande tussen huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie en seksuele satisfaksie sterk positief is, daar 'n swak verband bestaan tussen frekwensie van seksuele gemeenskap en die ander gemete veranderlikes.
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Becker, Maria L. "Assessing depression in women : is the BDI-II biased?" Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1167792.
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Stoppard (1989) contended that cognitive behavioral etiological explanations of depression were biased and utilized androcentric standards to determine an individual's vulnerability to depression. Stoppard's theory has been supported in part by scientists who have tested the gender role hypothesis of depression. This hypothesis proposes an overlap between social conceptualizations of depression and women. Research supporting this prediction has demonstrated a positive association between criteria for depressive disorders and prevailing feminine gender roles (e.g., Cook, 1990; Fisher, 1989; Landrine, 1988; Rothblum, 1983). The current project further investigated the gender role hypothesis of depression and Stoppard's (1989) criticism of Beck's cognitive theory of depression. Using a six-point Likert rating scale, a sample of 453 undergraduates evaluated items on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in terms of how typical each item was of men and women. Responses were factor analyzed and assessed in relation to conceptualizations of women's gender roles and established criteria for depression. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a two-factor solution that accounted for 29 percent of the total variance among the BDI-II items. Based on the patterns in participants' responses, these two factors were labeled "Depression" and the "Absence of Depression." Further, the "Depression" factor was comprised of items more typical of women, while the "Absence of Depression" factor appeared to contain more items typical of men. Both of these factors were found to possess satisfactory internal reliability. Supplementary analyses suggested male and female participants did not differ in their ratings of the "Absence of Depression" factor. Both perceived this factor as typical of men. In contrast, males and females varied in their assessment of the "Depression" factor. Females rated the "Depression" factor higher than males, indicating that this factor was more typical of women. Multiple regression analyses also suggested that gender-related personality traits (e.g., instrumental & communal) and beliefs about discrimination against women differentially contributed to predicting responses to the "Depression" and the "Absence of Depression" factors. Theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications are offered for all of these results in the hopes of eliminating the overlap between social conceptualizations of depression and women, and enhancing the accurate identification, treatment, and investigation of depression.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services