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Salzberger, Thomas. "Attempting measurement of psychological attributes." Frontiers Media S.A, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00075.
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Measures of psychological attributes abound in the social sciences as much as measures of physical properties do in the physical sciences. However, there are crucial differences between the scientific underpinning of measurement. While measurement in the physical sciences is supported by empirical evidence that demonstrates the quantitative nature of the property assessed, measurement in the social sciences is, in large part, made possible only by a vague, discretionary definition of measurement that places hardly any restrictions on empirical data. Traditional psychometric analyses fail to address the requirements of measurement as defined more rigorously in the physical sciences. The construct definitions do not allow for testable predictions; and content validity becomes a matter of highly subjective judgment. In order to improve measurement of psychological attributes, it is suggested to, first, readopt the definition of measurement in the physical sciences; second, to devise an elaborate theory of the construct to be measured that includes the hypothesis of a quantitative attribute; and third, to test the data for the structure implied by the hypothesis of quantity as well as predictions derived from the theory of the construct. (author's abstract)
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Earle, Fiona. "The construct of psychological fatigue : a psychometric and experimental analysis." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8307.
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Fatigue is a familiar and commonplace occurrence, but attempts to investigate the nature of fatigue have been inconclusive. Following more than a hundred years of extensive research, the construct is still ill-defined. This has resulted in a series of different strands of research, producing results concomitant with each researcher's own idea of what constitutes fatigue. Two central questions remain unresolved: (1) what sort of a construct is fatigue? and (2) should fatigue be conceptualised as a single, one dimensional state, generated by a range of different conditions, or a multidimensional state, incorporating a number of distinct but related states? There is an implicit assumption within the literature (and every-day language) that there is more than one 'type' of fatigue. However, there is currently no theoretical model which outlines the types of fatigue which should be incorporated in a theoretical framework and which explains the relationships between these fatigue types. The work presented in this thesis represents an attempt to address these issues using both psychometric and experimental approaches. Preliminary work investigated the psychometric basis for a unitary or multidimensional construct. This separately addressed the constructs of state and trait fatigue and, on the basis of the findings, state and trait multiple fatigue questionnaires were developed. A series of four experiments were then carried out which manipulated different types of work to facilitate an investigation of the dynamic development of fatigue. The first three experiments focused on the separate effects of mental and physical fatigue, and the final experiment considered the nature of their interaction.Both experimental and psychometric analyses supported the proposition of a multidimensional construct. The evidence in support of a multidimensional construct of trait fatigue was particularly strong. However, while the evidence in support of a multidimensional construct of state fatigue was less convincing, the experimental manipulations of different types of workload did produce states of fatigue that were subjectively different and also different patterns of fatigue after-effects.
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Brown, Allison Rebecca. "An examination of the construct validity of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (4.10 MB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters//brownar/brownar_masters_04-20-2010.pdf.
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Fulmer, Russell Dwight. "The relationship between inspiration as a psychological construct, temperament, and positive affect." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/356.
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DaFonseca, Alexis M. "Assessment of extant measures of critical consciousness:Toward a cohesive psychological construct conceptualization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron160709359741592.
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Sheard, Michael. "A construct validation approach to mental toughness in sport : a positive psychological perspective." Thesis, Teesside University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425977.
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Yim, Hong Kit Anderson Rolph E. "Psychological empowerment of salespeople : the construct, its inducement, and consequences on customer relationships /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2981.
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Chambers, Timothy. "Personal constructs on resilience in swimming." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0023.
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[Truncated abstract] Resilience is a concept that originated from behavioural science; a branch of research aimed at explaining unexpected benign or malignant outcomes associated with human development. It is a psychological construct that encompasses both cognitive and behavioural responses to negative situations and appears to exist at both an individual and group level. As a concept, resilience receives considerable attention from researchers within developmental psychology fields, who primarily identify numerous risk and protective factors. Within sport, however, researchers have demonstrated a preference for the examination of more traditional concepts, such as coping strategies. Moreover, few investigations in either domain employ a cogent theoretical framework to guide the research. Therefore, the present research program utilises Personal Construct Psychology (PCP; Kelly, 1955) principles to direct the proposed research. PCP is a theory about theories that emphasised our underlying ambition to make sense of the world, the events people encounter and themselves. According to Kelly, PCP is guided by the fundamental postulate and 11 corollaries. The PCP research template employed by the current research program promotes the utilisation of multimethod designs (i.e., qualitative and quantitative investigations) in order to understand and facilitate the development of resilience in swimming. Three research investigations are proposed to examine resilience in swimming, and are structured according to PCP. Each investigation is outlined below. Study 1. An interview protocol based upon key elements of Kelly s (1955) psychotherapy retrospective interview protocol was employed to elicit an understanding of resilience in swimming. Fourteen interviews were scheduled with elite Australian swimmers and swimming coaches, utilising the interview schedule. ... Study 3. The aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a resilience intervention for youth swimmers. Utilising the data generated from the first study, a resilience enhancement program was designed and delivered to 16 developmental swimmers over a period of three months. Resilience was measured pre, during and post intervention, and three months after the intervention. Resilience was also measured on an age and ability matched control group (n = 20), at the same time points. Results revealed improvements in resilience for the experimental group following the completion of the resilience program. In summary, the present research program employed a PCP (Kelly, 1955) research template to guide the aforementioned studies of resilience. The data collected from the research investigations contributed considerable knowledge to the resilience concept, and the sport psychology field. The qualitative study was the first of its kind to examine the concept in swimming, revealing several elements and process pertaining to resilience that later formed the foundations for the resilience intervention. General conclusions propose that future research combine psychological measurement of resilience and more traditional sport psychology concepts, in addition to the development of a sport specific psychometric measure of resilience.
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McFarland, Richard G. "Seller influence tactics (SITs) in the buyer-seller dyad : developing the construct, its antecendents, and consequences." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29584.
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Wu, Lan. "Excessive Buying: The Construct and a Causal Model." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102006-004620/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Sheth, Jagdish, Committee Member ; James, Lawrence, Committee Member ; Allvine, Fred, Committee Member ; Malhotra, Naresh, Committee Chair ; Ulgado, Francis, Committee Member.
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Grezmak, Tiffany. "Construct Validation of the Cleveland Adaptive Personality Questionnaire using the Personality Assessment Inventory." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1619442899037883.
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Zolten, Avram J. (Avram Jeffery). "Construct Use and Self-Aspect Change in Recovery From Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Personal Construct Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278306/.
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Cognitive ratings that use bipolar constructs based upon similarity and contrast have been shown to be biased towards the similarity pole in approximately a 62/38 ratio. This bias has also been known to shift in the contrastive direction for individuals who have psychiatric problems. This quantitative measure of cognitive change has a potential for characterizing cognitive changes that occur during the disease process, including recovery from disease. The present study investigated changes in self-aspect ratings and bipolar construct use in adult male veterans who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results indicated that treatment
subjects' self-aspect and construct ratings were more negative than controls'. Results also indicated that all subjects rated core interpersonal self-aspects closest to the expected bias, while self-aspects related to cardiac recovery problems were rated in the most contrastive direction. The results finally suggested that the greatest degree of change for the treatment subjects were in emotionally generated constructs. The results suggested a preliminary validation for characterizing cognitive changes in the disease process by measuring shifts in bipolar construct ratings.
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Bodkin, Charles D. "The adaptive behavior construct and its effect on salesperson performance." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54769.
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Salesperson performance has been heavily researched in the marketing literature. Previous research has identified various personality traits, salesperson behaviors, and situational characteristics that affect salesperson performance. Results indicate that no single approach to the study of salesperson performance is sufficient by itself.
This study investigated the interactions among personality, situational, and behavioral characteristics of salespeople, and their effect on salesperson performance. Since the adaptive behavior construct has been cited as a key determinant to understanding these interactions, an examination of the adaptive behavior-performance relationship was undertaken. A model of adaptive selling behavior was developed and empirically tested.
An analysis of the data suggests that adaptive behavior (e.g., salesperson planning process) affects salesperson performance. ln addition, several of the situational characteristics (i.e., sales position characteristics, customer variables, salesperson-customer relationship, personal resources, and managerial variables), utilized in this study, were found to affect both adaptive behavior (i.e., salesperson planning process and customer interaction) and salesperson performance.
The results of this study provide theoretical, methodological, and substantive implications concerning the adaptive behavior to performance relationships. The study concludes with suggested directions for future research.Ph. D.
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Horton, Marvin D. "Construct validity of a new scale to measure dysfunctional separation-individuation in late adolescence." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1272421.
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Walker, Tammy L. "Empathy : a discursive psychological exploration of the construct within the context of the therapeutic relationship." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28426/.
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Introduction: Empathy is considered to be an important therapist offered condition. Historically the exploration of empathy has employed quantitative methodologies. It is argued that these methodologies cannot capture the socially constructed nature of psychological concepts and instead regard empathy as problematic due to its inconsistently applied definition. Objectives: This study aimed to explore therapists' discourse around empathy by employing a qualitative methodology and acknowledging the importance of context. A further objective was to encourage a theoretical and methodological shift in the way that psychological concepts are conceptualised and investigated. Design: A discursive psychological approach was taken in the analysis of data from discussion groups. Method: Discourse was collected from two discussion groups conducted at an NHS Primary Care Trust: the first with a group of clinical psychologists and the second with a group of cognitive behaviour therapists. In addition some documentary information was collected from the research site in order to contextualise the service. Results: In both discussion groups, empathy was considered fundamental to the therapeutic relationship between the client and therapist. Therapists constructed empathy in two ways: as a limited therapist experience and as a quality that might develop over time. Further patterns emerged in the data; the clinical psychologists made frequent use of case studies whereas the cognitive behavioural therapists cited research evidence and made use of theoretical models. Discussion: The results are discussed with reference to a particular model of discursive psychology where the activity done through discourse is emphasised. It is argued that through particular constructions of empathy, therapists were working up their professional accountability. It is suggested that therapists work up their constructions of empathy as factual and therefore indisputable through discursive devices, identified as the use of case studies and research evidence.
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Loos, Victor Eugene. "Communication and Conflict in Marital Dyads: A Personal Construct Approach." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332170/.
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A typology of marital dyads derived from Kelly's (1955) Personal Construct Psychology was used to investigate the communicative behaviors of married companions. Four groups based on Kelly's Commonality (dyadic similarity) and Sociality (dyadic understanding) corollaries were contrasted: similar-understanding, dissimilar-understanding, similar-misunderstanding, and dissimilar-misunderstanding couples. It was expected that dyadic understanding would contribute more to self-disclosure, cooperative involvement, and marital satisfaction than dyadic similarity. Furthermore, it was anticipated that couples high in understanding and low in similarity would represent optimally functioning couples, as evidenced by disclosure, satisfaction, and involvement with each other. Sixty-three married couples who had known each other at least two years completed questionnaire items assessing demographic variables, marital satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and self-reported communication behaviors (Partner Communication Inventory, Dyadic Disclosure Inventory). Each spouse also completed an 8 X 8 Repertory Grid and predicted the mate's responses on the Rep Grid. Subjects then participated in three different audio-taped discussion tasks (an informal conversation, a consensus decision-making task, and a role-played conflict-resolution scene) which were rated for avoidant, competitive, and cooperative responses, as well as overall self-disclosure. Although understanding facilitated disclosure in conflict situations and similarity fostered marital satisfaction, communicative behaviors generally reflected the joint influence of both similarity and understanding. Dissimilar-understanding couples were intensely involved with each other and freely disclosed, but were not highly satisfied. Similar-understanding couples were the most content and had the greatest sense of validation as a couple. Similar-misunderstanding couples restricted their relationship by attempting to avoid expected confrontations. Dissimilar-misunderstanding couples viewed themselves in a socially desirable light, tried to maintain congenial, nonintimate interactions, and were moderately contented. Implications for therapeutic programs, for Kelly's theory, and for future research were discussed.
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McCarty, Joseph C. "The construct validity of the behavior assessment system for children." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1213150.
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The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), Parent and Teacher Rating Scales (PRS and TRS). Six samples were considered, including the Normative General and Clinical Samples for each measure (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992). Another pair of samples were taken from a database of a Georgia hospital (PRS n = 130, TRS n = 108). The Normative Clinical Sample of TRS scores was multicollinear, and was not used.Five models were designed for each measure: a single factor solution, the theoretical model of the BASC, and three adaptations of the scoring system. Using AMOS, these models were fit to the samples. Only the theoretical model met minimum standards for adequate fit. Multi-sample analyses with different combinations of parameter restrictions were conducted to determine which aspects of the theoretical model's factor structure accounted for the most sample variance. When fit to both normative samples of PRS scores, all aspects of the factor solution were found to contribute. For all other runs, it was found that error, unique, and factor variances contributed the most to the factor solution. This suggests that the relationship of variables/scales to the factors/composites in this model could be improved. It is suggested that practitioners disregard composite scores, and that the authors/publishers of the BASC consider using regression weights to formulate composite scores in the scoring program.Department of Educational Psychology
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Naude, Jonelle. "Reconstructing paedophilia: an analysis of current discourses and the construct of close relationships." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3048.
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Thesis (MSc (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.There is a growing need for research to facilitate a better understanding of paedophilia. This study aims to make a contribution in this regard by providing an analysis of current discourses in paedophilia research as well as a phenomenological exploration of how the male paedophile constructs his close relationships with children. Analysis reveals how the dominant positivist approach to paedophilia research embeds and perpetuates moral and often prejudicial positions that in turn influence the validity of empirical findings and theory, and tend to marginalise contradictory evidence. In an attempt to circumvent these obstacles, it is argued that the psychological need to form close relationships is a universal one.
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Farnsworth, Jacob K. "An Exploration of the Criterion and Construct Validity of the Self-Compassion Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699856/.
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Past research indicates that self-compassion has positive implications for psychological health and functioning. However, as a newly specified construct, the literature regarding self-compassion could benefit from a more thorough validation of the primary scale used in this area of research, the Self-Compassion Scale. In the present study, structural path analysis (using Amos) was used to explore the criterion validity of the SCS with four variables which have been theorized to be relevant to self-compassion (caregiver emotional responsiveness, fear of emotion, internalized spirituality, and achievement goal orientation). Initial hypothesis testing indicated support for the path model, with the exception of achievement goals which were not significantly associated with self-compassion. Trimming these paths in a subsequent analysis improved model fit. Interestingly, further analyses of the model indicated that the pairing of participant and parent gender produced substantial differences in path coefficients. Next, correlational and factor analytic methods were used to test the construct validity of the SCS. Correlational analyses found adequate convergent construct validity but some lack of divergent validity between SCS dimensions and conceptually similar constructs (i.e., fear of emotion, social connectedness and self-criticism). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor model fit the data better than the one-factor model proposed by the author of the SCS. The incremental validity of the two-factor model was supported by incorporating a two-factor SCS in the path analysis. In sum, these findings generally support the criterion validity of the SCS through meaningful associations with theoretically relevant variables but cautions that these associations are strongly influenced by gender. It is also strongly recommended that a two-factor model of the SCS be explored in further research to ascertain its incremental utility for understanding self-compassion’s positive effects on psychological health.
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Ortiz, Garzón Eliana. "Malestar psicológico, construcción del sí mismo, estructura y conflictos cognitivos en estudiantes de psicología = Psychological distress, self-construction, structure and cognitive conflicts in psychology students." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404877.
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El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es identificar las características de malestar psicológico, construcción del sí mismo, estructura y conflictos cognitivos en una muestra de estudiantes de Psicología en comparación con los datos ya disponibles de una muestra comunitaria y otra clínica. Así mismo, se pretenden explorar las diferencias según el género y el nivel de estudios, y evaluar la estabilidad de las medidas derivadas de la técnica de la rejilla interpersonal. Igualmente, se busca explorar la relación entre las medidas cognitivas evaluadas, el nivel de autoestima, los síntomas depresivos y las medidas que indican malestar psicológico. En el estudio participó una muestra incidental de 430 sujetos, distribuidos en tres grupos diferentes: 183 estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universitat de Barcelona, 117 voluntarios de una muestra comunitaria y 131 participantes de una muestra clínica.
Los resultados confirman que los estudiantes y la muestra comunitaria presentan puntuaciones similares en las medidas cognitivas, en el malestar psicológico, los síntomas depresivos y el nivel de autoestima. Comparativamente, la muestra clínica presenta puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en la discrepancia yo-ideal y yo- otros, el nivel de indefinición y el porcentaje de constructos dilemáticos. Se encontró una tendencia a una mayor presencia de constructos dilemáticos en la muestra clínica, mientras que la presencia de dilemas implicativos fue similar entre los estudiantes y la muestra clínica. Como era esperable, se presentó más sintomatología depresiva y un mayor nivel de psicopatología general en la muestra clínica. No se hallaron diferencias significativas según el género ni la edad en ninguna de las medidas evaluadas. Con respecto al nivel de estudios, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de constructos dilemáticos, en el funcionamiento general y los síntomas depresivos, con puntuaciones más elevadas en los estudiantes de grado con respecto a los de posgrado. En el análisis correlacional destaca la relación directa entre el malestar psicológico y los síntomas depresivos, y la relación inversa entre estos últimos y el nivel de autoestima. Finalmente se constata la estabilidad de los índices de la TRI mediante el método test- retest.The objective of this doctoral thesis is to identify the characteristics of psychological distress, self-construction, cognitive structure and cognitive conflicts in a sample of college students compared with available data from community and clinical samples. Likewise, differences according to gender and academic level are analyzed and the stability of measures derived from the interpersonal repertory grid technique (RGT) is evaluated. Also, the relationship between cognitive measures, self-esteem level, depressive symptoms and psychological distress will be explored. In the study, an incidental sample of 430 subjects was used, distributed into three different groups: 183 college students of Universitat de Barcelona, 117 volunteers of the community sample and 131 participants of clinical sample. The results show that student and community samples scored similarly on cognitive measures, psychological distress, depressive symptoms and level of self- esteem. Comparatively, the clinical sample reveals scores which are significantly higher in the self-ideal and self-others discrepancy, the indefinition level and the percentage of dilemmatic constructs. A tendency of a greater presence of dilemmatic constructs in the clinical sample was found, while the presence of implicative dilemmas was similar between students and the clinical sample. As expected, there were more depressive symptoms and a greater level of general psychopathology found in the clinical sample. There were no significant differences found between gender and age in any of the variables evaluated. Regarding the level of studies, significant differences were found in the percentage of dilemma constructs, in general functioning and depressive symptoms, with higher scores in undergraduate students than in postgraduate students. The correlational analysis emphasizes the direct relationship between psychological distress and depressive symptoms, and the inverse relationship between depression and self- esteem level. Finally, the stability of the RGT indices is verified by the test-retest method.
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Chang, Edward C., Olivia D. Chang, Jerin Lee, Abigael G. Lucas, Minqi Li, K. Malulani Castro, Savannah Pham, et al. "Going Beyond Ethnoracial Discrimination and Social Support in Accounting for Psychological Adjustment: Evidence for the Importance of Hope as a Positive Psychological Construct in Multiethnoracial Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5499.
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In the present study, we examined the role of ethnoracial discrimination, social support (viz., family & friends), and hope (viz., agency & pathways) in accounting for negative psychological adjustment (viz., worry & depressive symptoms) and positive psychological adjustment (viz., vitality & life satisfaction) in a sample of 203 (164 females & 39 males) multiethnoracial adults. Results of conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that beyond ethnoracial discrimination and social support, the inclusion of hope was found to augment the prediction model of psychological adjustment. Within the hope set, agency was found to be uniquely associated with adjustment. Pathways was found to be uniquely associated with positive indices of psychological adjustment. The present findings are the first to highlight the significance of hope in multiethnoracial adults. Some implications of the present findings for understanding psychological adjustment in multiethnoracial adults are discussed.
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Baxter, James Foster. "Construct validation of common format biodata within the public sector." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2338.
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Biographical data inventories (biodata) have one of the best predictors of job performance criteria for over 100 hundred years. Similarly, CommonFormat Biodata (CFB) inventories have also demonstrated their ability to predict certain performance criteria. There are two common themes and tow common sub-themes typically associated with CFB intruments, Education, experience, time, and specificity respectively. The major purpose of this paper was to employ a confirmatory factor analysis strategy to construct and validate a CFB inventory.
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Cordiano, Tori Jo Sacha. "Construct Validity of the Affect in Play Scale - Brief Rating (APS-BR)." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1239897798.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 30 July 2009) Department of Psychology Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Nauheimer, Elke. "Trait Emotional Intelligence : evaluating the theoretical construct, its relationship to other psychological variables, and potential interventions to enhance it." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/595266.
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Research suggests that there are now two distinct approaches to Emotional Intelligence (EI): ability and trait. To date, however, the literature indicates that the construct remains poorly defined and not always adequately measured. Focusing on trait EI, the current thesis identifies a number of research questions that centre on what it is that defines EI in relation to existing definitions and other constructs, namely, happiness, self-esteem, mood and personality. Moreover, a programme of empirical study investigates whether a training intervention can enhance levels of EI and thus contribute to the emerging applied field of enquiry. This has been achieved through the employment of a series of studies. The initial study used the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to generate a definition of EI, which directed this thesis towards alignment with the trait approach. The second study aimed to identify correlations and explore possible predictor variables through the application of Pearson’s r and Hierarchical Regression analysis. Moreover, a Mediation and Moderation analysis investigated whether EI has a mediating or moderating role when combined with other predictors. Two further experimental studies examined whether EI could be experimentally enhanced through a programme of relaxation and positive thinking when compared with a control group engaged in a non-demanding reading task. The results of the first study produced a definition of EI that included descriptions of work-related qualities with the second study yielding results of high correlations between EI, happiness and self-esteem, which were also identified as predictor variables. EI was found to act as a mediator and moderator. Analysis of Variance generated results for the first experimental study that showed overall non-significant interactions. To investigate beyond these findings, the second programme showed that the training programme induced positive changes. It was concluded that, overall, the results contribute to a definition beyond existing definitions of EI, demonstrating EI’s strong associations particularly with happiness, self-esteem and, its mediating and moderating role with other predictors. Primarily, the results from the second experimental study demonstrate the potential of EI in the applied field, including education, work and health.
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Moosajee, Shaheda. "Exploring the construct-related validity of the personal-social subscale of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-extended revised (GMDS-ER)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/572.
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Child assessment has become imperative today as parents and teachers recognize the need for early diagnostic assessments to adequately cater for children’s’ diverse and growing needs so that children can benefit from services and attention in a psychological or educational setting. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales, an established and well-researched instrument is reported to be one of the most carefully designed measures of child development . Studies in various parts of the world have demonstrated that the Griffiths Scales are applicable to diverse populations and that they tap experiences that are common to different cultures. The recent revision and restandardisation of the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) has necessitated investigations into its psychometric properties. In view of the important role that assessment measures play in the early identification of developmental delays, it is important that assessment measures are reliable and valid for their intended purpose(s). This study, which is part of a larger research project, attempted to explore and add further evidence of the construct validity of one of the six Subscales of the GMDS-ER, namely the Personal-Social Subscale (Subscale B). An exploratory-descriptive design using a triangulation approach was utilized to explore the construct validity of the Personal-Social Subscale. A nonprobability purposively selected sample of 18 experts working with children participated in the facet analysis to identify the constructs underlying Subscale B (the qualitative aspect of the study). The sample for the quantitative aspects of this study (i.e., the empirical validation of the identified constructs) was collected as part of the broader restandardisation and represented a stratified random sample of 1026 children between the ages of 3 and 8 years from across the United Kingdom and Eire. Three measures, namely a biographical questionnaire, the GMDS-ER and a construct evaluation form were used to gather the qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was analysed by means of facet analysis and literature control. The quantitative data was analysed by using exploratory common factor analysis using oblique (DQUART) rotation to empirically verify the qualitatively identified construct model by specifying a onefactor solution for each underlying construct.
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Gucciardi, Daniel F. "Mental toughness in Australian football." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0007.
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[Truncated abstract] At the commencement of this research project in February 2005, there was a paucity of empirical investigations that focused on understanding the psychological construct of mental toughness in sport (Bull, Shambrook, James, & Brooks, 2005; Fourie & Potgieter, 2001; Jones, Hanton, & Connaughton, 2002). Although impressive, the available literature did little in offering consensus in terms of a definition and operationalising the construct in a consistent manner as well as understanding those factors contributing to its measurement and development. The absence of theoretically guided research, in particular, was noted as a major limitation of this research. The potential significance of mental toughness for performance excellence combined with the conceptual confusion and lack of rigorous empirical research highlighted the need for further research on mental toughness in sport. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis was to examine issues pertaining to the understanding, measurement, and development of mental toughness in sport, using personal construct psychology (Kelly, 1955/1991) as the guiding theoretical framework. Australian football was chosen as the context to explore these issues. In the opening empirical chapter, two qualitative manuscripts in which Australian football coaches perspectives on mental toughness and those factors contributing to its development are reported. Three central themes for understanding mental toughness in Australian football were generated: characteristics (self-belief, motivation, tough attitude, concentration and focus, resilience, handling pressure, personal values, emotional intelligence, sport intelligence, and physical toughness); situations (e.g., injuries, success); and behaviours (e.g., superior decision-makers, consistent performance). '...' In the final empirical chapter, two manuscripts in which the effectiveness of two different psychological skills training programs in enhancing mental toughness among youth-aged (15's) Australian footballers are reported. The first presents a quantitative analysis while the second presents a qualitative analysis. Multisource ratings (self, parent, and coach) of the AfMTI and self-reported resilience and flow indicated more positive changes in mental toughness, resilience, and flow than the control group. Similar patterns in the findings were evident across rating sources. Interviews with several players and one of their parents as well as the coaches generated their perceptions on the benefits of participating in the program (e.g., increased work ethic, tougher attitudes) and the processes by which the program had an effect (e.g., self-awareness; self-monitoring; self-regulation; and multi-perspective discussions) as well as suggestions for program improvement (e.g., parent and coach education programs). In summary, the results of the five studies presented in this thesis provide a comprehensive account of issues pertaining to the understanding, measurement, and development of mental toughness in Australian football. The findings are supportive of several aspects of previous research but also extend this line of inquiry in a number of ways. It is my hope that other researchers will be stimulated to engage in further research extending what is presented here and that practitioners will use this information to inform their professional endeavours.
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Gronau, Annemarie Imke [Verfasser], and Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Englmaier. "Autonomy in the workplace : Conceptualization and application of a social psychological construct in organizational economics / Annemarie Imke Gronau ; Betreuer: Florian Englmaier." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206878193/34.
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Bell, Emily K. "Assessing schizoid asociality in schizophrenia: determining the construct validity of two self-report scales." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1405606546.
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Cable, Donald Alfred James. "The Psychological Contract: The Development and Validation of a Managerial Measure." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2661.
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The research objective was to develop, through two phases involving development and validation, a measure of the psychological work contract for managerial level employees. The psychological contract is the unwritten implicit contract that forms in the minds of employees and contains the obligations and expectations that they believe exists between themselves and the organization. In the first and qualitative phase of the study, a structured interview procedure resulted in the collection of 651 responses from a convenience sample of 35 managers from seven New Zealand organizations. Responses related to what these managers believed they were obligated to provide the organization (perceived organizational expectations), and what they believed the organization was obligated to provide them (their expectations). Content analysis of these 651 statements resulted in the development of two initial measures of the psychological contract (employee obligations, organization obligations). The employee obligations measure (perceived organizational expectations of the employee) contained 16 items, and the organization obligations measure (employee expectations of the organization) contained 23 items. In the second and quantitative phase of the study, and using the same criteria for participation as for phase one, a convenience sample of 124 managers from 13 New Zealand organizations completed questionnaires. The questionnaires included the measures of psychological contract content developed in phase one of the study, and 8 organizational psychology variables to be included in a nomological network. The nomological network included intention to quit, perceived organizational support, work and job involvement, job satisfaction, career plateau, organizational commitment, person-organization fit, and 2 performance measures. A separate questionnaire covering job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour was completed by 94 of the participants' managers. Of the 54 relationships predicted in the nomological network, 41 were significant. Of the 13 non-significant relationships, 10 involved relationships with the two performance measures. The measures of the psychological contract were subjected to a construct validation process involving two steps. The first step involved item and factor analysis. Factor analysis of the two measures of the psychological contract revealed two factors in each. One factor, termed relational obligations and reflecting a collective interest between the employee and the organization, included the items that were believed to influence more directly the relationship between managers and the organization. This factor included items such as be committed to the job (an employee obligation) and provide a physically and socially safe environment (an organizational obligation). The other factor, termed transactional obligations and reflecting a self/other interest on the part of the employee, included the items that were believed to be of a more direct employment transactions nature. This factor included items such as stay true to your own values and beliefs (an employee obligation) and provide professional and personal support (an organizational obligation). In the second step of the validation process, the measures of the psychological contract were embedded into the nomological network and their relationships with the ten variables in that network were tested. Of the ten hypothesised relationships, only one emerged as significant, that being the relationship between the organization obligations component of the psychological contract and person-organization fit. Minimal support for construct validity of the measures of the psychological contract was provided confirming that further effort will be required before complete construct validity may be claimed for the measured. Although the contribution the research makes to the field of knowledge may be limited, it does provide some validation of existing measures of the psychological contract, developed in other studies using different samples. The present findings increase our knowledge of the content of the psychological contract for managers. Additionally, a methodological framework has been established for continuing research into the content of psychological contracts, including an exploration of the relationship between content and fulfilment, along with a structure for comparing the psychological contract of disparate occupational groups. The most likely explanation for the hypotheses not being fully supported is that it is fulfilment (or conversely breach or violation) of the psychological contract, rather than the content of the contract per se, that is related to the variables in the nomological network. Whilst the hypotheses were based on research that considered fulfilment of the contract, this study focussed on the content of psychological contracts. The reasons for basing the hypotheses on research that considered fulfilment, the influence of this decision on hypothesis testing, and other possible explanations for the hypotheses not finding greater support, are explored. The limitations of the study, and possible directions for future research, are discussed.
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McConkey, C. William (Charles William). "The Effect of Comparative Well-Being on the Perceived Risk Construct: a Study of the Purchase of Apparel." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330710/.
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The purpose of this research was to examine how the intervening variable of comparative well-being (which is how persons view their age, financial resources, and health compared to others of their own age) will enhance the significance of the relationship between selected demographic and psychographic variables and perceived risk. Specifically, the research investigated the structural relationship between comparative well-being in four different statistical models: (1) as an independent predictor of perceived risk; (2) as an intensifier of the psychographic and demographic predictors of perceived risk; (3) as a covariate of perceived risk; and (4) finally, as a jointly dependent variable with perceived risk. This approach was pursued in an effort to enhance the traditional marketing use of demographic and psychographic variables in predictingconsumer buying behavior.
The data for this study were gathered as part of a national consumer-panel mail survey utilizing approximately 3,000 households. The research instrument was a self-administered questionnaire which collected demographic, psychographic, and perceived risk information from purchasers of apparel wear. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The findings have identified the importance of how consumers position themselves in society, based on their locus of external involvement (community and social activity) and how satisfactory their position is in their social structure as measured by comparative well-being (perceived age, income, and health). The research results challenge the value of using only age and income as predictor variables for perceived risk, in that no significant relationships were found between age, income, and perceived risk. However, comparative well-being was found to intensify these relationships, in addition to functioning as an independent variable and a covariate in the perceived risk relationship. Also, it was found that respondents with higher degrees of comparative well-being perceived less risk, whereas, more socially active respondents were high-risk perceivers.
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Parker, Kathy L. "Construct validity of the Differential Ability Scales with a mentally handicapped population : an investigation into the interpretability of cluster scores." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1019480.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) with a mentally handicapped population. The DAS is an individually administered, standardized test of intelligence. The stated purposes of the DAS are to provide a composite measure of conceptual reasoning abilities for classification and placement decisions and to provide a reliable profile of relative strengths and weaknesses for diagnostic purposes. With these goals in mind, it follows that this cognitive measure would be used often with mentally handicapped students. The DAS was developed using an hierarchical model based upon exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The model assumes that ability measures or subtests will load on a general factor g and will form subfactors at a lower level. The model also assumes that as children get older, the number of subfactors will increase because of development and differentiation of abilities. How mentally handicapped children would fit into this model was the subject of the current research.Using a sample of 100 mildly and moderately handicapped children ages 8 years, 0 months to 17 years, 5 months, confirmatory factor analysis was used to explore the factor structure of the DAS with this population. Three separate models were investigated: Model I, in which a one factor solution was proposed, Model II, in which two factors, Verbal Ability and Nonverbal Ability, were proposed, and Model III, in which three factors, Verbal Ability, Nonverbal Reasoning Ability, and Spatial Ability, as proposed by the test's authors, were investigated. Results of the analyses support the use of a one factor interpretation when using the DAS with mentally handicapped students. In practice, only the broadest score, the General Conceptual Ability Score (GCA), can be interpreted with confidence. Further, case study investigation illustrates the inconsistencies encountered in scoring at the lower end of the norms, as well as in using the outof-level procedure proposed by the test's authors.Department of Educational Psychology
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Curlin, Caroline. "Prediction of Verbal Dominance Behaviors using Constructivist Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500956/.
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This study assessed how Constructivist theory accounts for verbal dominance. Conversations of rotating dyads were tape recorded, then coded for measures of dominance. Subjects completed a trait dominance scale and a constructivist personality test. Interpersonal rankings of dominance were found to be more consistent with observed behavior than trait dominance scores. Extreme trait dominance scores were associated with a constructivist measure indicating maladjustment. Dyads identified as more resistant to change were found to use fewer verbal control strategies; male/male dyads were characterized by direct, functional interactions. Dyads that were highly comfortable with one another utilized fewer verbal control methods. Lastly, interactions in which participants reported unfamiliar self-experiencing utilized higher levels of verbal control. Implications for group processing, assessment of dominance and sex differences are discussed.
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Povey, Jenny-Louise. "Exploring the construct-related validity of the eye and hand coordination subscale of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended revised (GMDS-ER)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/661.
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To constantly add to our understanding of child development, a valid, comprehensive, well-researched measure is needed. The recent revision and standardisation of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales - Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) has necessitated investigations into its psychometric properties. This measure is used to identify developmental delays in children and critical decisions may be made, hence it is imperative that this measure be deemed both reliable and valid. This study aimed to contribute to the broader restandardisation project and focussed on gathering qualitative and quantitative construct-related validity evidence for one of the six Subscales of the GMDS-ER, namely the Eye and Hand Coordination Subscale (Subscale D). An exploratory descriptive method using a triangulation approach was used to explore the construct-related validity evidence of the Eye and Hand Coordination Subscale. A non-random purposively selected sample of 6 experts, who had worked at least 10 years with children assessing and evaluating the domain of eye-hand coordination, participated in a facet analysis to identify the underlying dimensions tapped by the Eye and Hand Coordination Subscale. The sample for the quantitative aspects of this study, the empirical validation of the construct model, was collected as part of the broader restandardisation and represented a stratified sample of 1026 children between the ages 24 months and 96 months from across the United Kingdom and Eire. Three measures, namely a biographical questionnaire, the GMDS-ER and a construct evaluation form were used to gather the qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was analysed by means of a facet analysis and literature control which included examining other tests or subtests that tapped eye-hand coordination skills. The quantitative data was analysed by means of exploratory common factor analysis using oblique (DQUART) rotation in order to verify the qualitatively identified construct model by specifying a one-factor solution for each underlying construct. While literature suggests that eye-hand coordination is multidimensional in nature the facet analysis revealed that the tasks tapped by Subscale D were not tapping complex skills aside from eye-hand coordination. The facet analysis thus revealed that all the items tap the eye-hand coordination of fine motor tasks and that these items could be grouped into two categories, using writing utensils and object manipulation. The results from the factor analysis confirmed that the items on Subscale D have one underlying construct and further exploration confirmed that these items could in fact be grouped into two categories. The coefficients of congruence for SES and gender were satisfactory and thus the construct model was validated across these groups as well. The study has provided extensive qualitative and quantitative evidence for the construct-related validity of the Eye and Hand Coordination Subscale of the GMDS-ER, thus validating its use as a sound measure of eye-hand coordination development in children aged 2 to 8 years. The content coverage however, seemed to indicate that the tasks required do not adequately cover all the facets of eye-hand coordination and some of these item types are tapped by the other Subscales in the measure. Hence, should the Subscale be used as an independent assessment of eye-hand coordination, the eye-hand coordination development of the child would have a narrow focus. In addition, in reviewing the variety of tasks in the two sections for the older and younger child, the researcher noted that while section III tapped a variety of skills, section IV only focused on skills associated with drawing, copying and writing. A review of the age appropriateness of the items and the item analysis results from the revision seemed to indicate that some of the items assessing the older child may need to be revised. Further, the researcher suggested that the revision should consider adding additional dimensions to the tasks assessed. Overall, it is the researcher‟s opinion that this Subscale was not given adequate attention during the revision process and should future revisions occur, the recommendations from this study should be considered.
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Låstad, Lena. "Job insecurity climate : The nature of the construct, its associations with outcomes, and its relation to individual job insecurity." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118979.
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Work is an essential part of most people’s lives. With increasing flexibility in work life, many employees experience job insecurity – they perceive that the future of their jobs is uncertain. However, job insecurity is not just an individual experience; employees can perceive that there is a climate of job insecurity at their workplace as well, as people collectively worry about their jobs. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the job insecurity climate construct and how it relates to work- and health-related outcomes and to individual job insecurity. Three empirical studies were conducted to investigate this aim. Study I investigated the dimensionality of the job insecurity construct by developing and testing a measure of job insecurity climate − conceptualized as the individual’s perception of the job insecurity climate at work − in a sample of employees working in Sweden. The results indicated that individual job insecurity and job insecurity climate are separate but related constructs and that job insecurity climate was related to work- and health-related outcomes. Study II examined the effects of individual job insecurity and job insecurity climate on work- and health-related outcomes in a sample of employees working in a private sector company in Sweden. The results showed that perceiving higher levels of job insecurity climate than others in the workgroup was associated with poorer self-rated health and higher levels of burnout. Study III tested the relationship between individual job insecurity and job insecurity climate in a sample of Flemish employees. The results indicated that individual job insecurity is contagious, as individual job insecurity predicted perceptions of job insecurity climate six months later. In conclusion, by focusing on perceptions of the job insecurity climate, the present thesis introduces a new approach to job insecurity climate research, showing that employees can perceive a climate of job insecurity in addition to their own individual job insecurity and, also, that this perception of the job insecurity climate at work has negative consequences for individuals and organizations.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Hopkins, David E. Verfasser], and Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Lösel. "Constriction, Psychological Isolation and Identification with the Hercules Figure Among Angry/Hostile Adolescent Males who have Suffered Attachment Trauma: A Personal Construct Study / David E. Hopkins. Betreuer: Friedrich Lösel." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016569033/34.
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Rosmarin, David Hillel. "The creation of a psychometric instrument to measure the religious Jewish construct trust in God : a first step towards researching the relationship between religious Jewish beliefs and psychological variables /." Ann Arbor, MI : University Microfilms, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/preview/MQ84089.
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Jane, Emily Claire. "Psychology for engaging vulnerable young people : the role of the community educational psychologist in supporting professionals who work with young people." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/117466.
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Paper 1: The process of engagement is essential in practice with young people at risk of social exclusion. The elements of success in building this relationship are explored to some extent in the therapeutic literature, but do not necessarily cross the discipline divide to provide clear guidance for youth work practice. This paper explored the elements of success in engaging with vulnerable young people from the perspectives of eleven vulnerable young people and ten practitioners using Personal Construct Psychology methods to elicit and compare perceptions of the process of engagement. Professionals’ personal theories of the causation and prevention of a commonly occurring case study were also investigated for their relationship to the personal constructs guiding their practice. It was found that young people prioritised the affective elements of the relationship, but that pragmatic considerations were also of high importance to them. In contrast, professionals prioritised a commitment to young person well-being, followed by factors supporting the well-being of the practitioner including self reflection. Implications for practice include an appreciation of the factors important to young people, such as genuine warmth and affect, and pragmatics that make a worker more accessible such as ad hoc availability and approachability. Paper 2: Vulnerable young people access services such as Youth Services and Youth Offending Services. Professionals in this sector have limited access to Educational Psychology. Educational Psychologists are increasingly working outside traditional settings in Community Educational Psychology roles, however more evidence is needed to illustrate the diverse possibilities of practice. This paper explores the role and perceived impact on practice of a Community Educational Psychologist coaching six, monthly sessions of Solution-Focused peer supervision with three professional peer groups from Youth Services, Youth Offending Services and Police Youth Intervention. Personal construct shifts regarding the elements of success in engaging with vulnerable young people were measured pre- and post-intervention along with role and impact themes identified through observation diaries and post-intervention semi-structured interviews. Findings included the importance of the non-intervention specific elements of the psychological supervision, the impact of Solution-Focused techniques as both a tool and process for professional development, and recommendations for further support for professionals working with vulnerable young people.
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Gerety, Christine A. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS, DICTATORS AND THE WORLD PRESS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin960909595.
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Saunders, Stacy M. "Differentiating young adult social smokers on psychological constructs." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=886.
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Godkin, Natasha. "Jangle Fallacy: Is Grit Distinct from Other Psychological Constructs?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3779.
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This paper assessed the redundancy of the construct of grit (Crede, Tynan, Harms, 2017) compared to other similar constructs using structural equation modeling to remove the effect of measurement error. A series of models regressed grit and its subdomains (passion and perseverance of effort) on self-control, conscientiousness, achievement striving, and resilience. The R-squared values for these models ranged from 0.62 to 0.89. It is concluded that the concept of grit is mostly redundant with other constructs and is therefore an example of a Jangle fallacy (Kelley, 1927). The unique aspect of grit is mostly related to its passion subdomain. The latent correlation between the passion and perseverance of effort subdomains was r = 0.19. Further, it was found that several popular measures failed to conform to their intended factor structure.
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Moyo, Seretse. "A preliminary factor analytic investigation into the first-order factor structure of the fifteen factor questionnaire plus on a sample of black South African managers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1536.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisations in open market economic systems aspire to optimally utilize the scarce resources at their disposal so as to maximize profits. To achieve this goal, the human resources function is tasked with the responsibility to acquire and maintain a competent and motivated workforce in a manner that would add value to the bottom-line. Selection thereby becomes a critical human resources management intervention in any organisation in as far as it regulates human capital movement into and through the organisation. To be able to make informed selection decisions, industrial-organisational psychologists and human resources practitioners need valid and reliable information on predictor constructs to allow them to make accurate predictions of the criterion construct. This provides the essential justification for the primary objective of this study which was to undertake a factor analytic investigation of the first-order factor structure of the Fifteen Factor Questionnaire Plus (15FQ+) on a sample of Black South African managers. The data used in this study was drawn from the database of Psymetric (Pty) Ltd with the permission of Psytech SA. The sample comprised 241 Black managers assessed by Psymetric (Pty) Ltd between 2002 and 2006. Item- and dimensionality analyses were performed on the 15FQ+ subscales to assess the success with which they represented the underlying personality constructs. The outcome of both the item and dimensionality analyses showed that although the items in each of the subscales seemed to be representing the underlying personality construct, they were not without problems. A spectrum of goodness-of-fit statistics was used to assess the measurement model fit. The model‟s overall fit was found to be good. The model parameter estimates, however, gave some reason for concern. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the claim made by the 15FQ+ authors that the items included in each subscale reflect specific personality dimensions is tenable. The magnitude of the estimated model parameters, however, suggests that the items generally do not reflect the latent personality dimensions they were designated to reflect with a great degree of success. The items are reasonably noisy measures of the latent variables they represent. Based on these findings, this instrument should be used with caution, particularly on groups different from the UK samples on which it was originally developed and standardised. This study expands our understanding of this measure. Its findings should guide future research on a larger, more representative sample from the same target population to give credence to, or to refute these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisasies in „n vrye-mark ekonomiese stelsel streef daarna om die skaars hulpbronne tot hul beskikking optimal aan te wend ten einde wins te maksimeer. Om hierdie doel te bereik word die menslike hulpbronfunksie getaak met die verantwoordelikheid om ‟n bevoegde en gemotiveerde werksmag te verkry en in stand te hou op ‟n wyse wat waarde tot die onderneming voeg. Keuring word daardeur ‟n kritieke menslike hulpbronintervensie in enige organisasie in so verre dit die beweging van menskapitaal in en deur die organisasie reguleer. Ten einde ingeligte keuringsbesluite te kan neem, benodig bedryfsielkundiges en menslike hulpbronpraktisyns betroubare en geldige inligting oor voorspellerkonstrukte om hul in staat te stel om akkurate voorspellings van die kriteriumkonstruk te maak. Dit bied wesenlik die regverdiging vir die primêre oogmerk van hierdie studie, naamlik om „n faktoranalitiese ondersoek van die eerste-orde faktorstruktuur van die Fifteen Factor Questionnaire Plus (15FQ+) op „n steekproef swart Suid Afrikaanse bestuurders te onderneem. Die data wat in die studie gebruik is, is verkry uit die databasis van Psymetric (Pty) Ltd met die toestemming van Psytech SA. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 241 swart bestuurders wat tussen 2002 en 2006 deur Psymetric (Pty) Ltd getoets is. Item- en dimensionaliteitontledings is op die 15FQ+ subskale uitgevoer ten einde die sukses vas te stel waarmee hul die onderliggende persoonlikheidskonstrukte verteenwoordig. Die resultate van beide die item- en die dimensionaliteitontledings het aangedui dat ofskoon die items van elke subskaal die onderliggende persoonlikheidskonstruk skyn te verteenwoordig, was hulle nogtans nie sonder probleme nie. ‟n Spektrum passingsmaatstawwe is gebruik om die pasgehalte van die metingsmodel te beoordeel. Die model se algehele passing was goed. Die skattings van die model parameters het egter wel rede tot kommer gegee. Die resultate van die bevestigende faktorontleding dui daarop dat die aanspraak van die ontwikkelaars van die 15FQ+ dat die items wat in elke subskaal ingesluit is spesifieke persoonlikheidsdimensies reflekteer, wel houbaar is. Die grootte-orde van die geskatte modelparameters dui egter daarop dat die items oor die algemeen nie die persoonlikheidsdimensies wat hul ontwerp is om te reflekteer met groot sukses reflekteer nie. Die items is redelik raserige metings van die latente veranderlikes wat hul verteenwoordig. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge behoort hierdie instrument met omsigtigheid gebruik te word, veral op groepe wat verskil van die VK steekproewe waarop die instrument ontwikkel en gestandaardiseer is. Die study dra by tot ons begrip van die instrument. Die bevindinge van die studie behoort toekomstige navorsingop 'n groter, meer verteenwoordigende steekproef uit dieselfde teikenpopulasie te rig ten einde die onderhawige bevindinge te steun of te weerlê.
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West, Tyler. "Interdependent Self-Construal: A Link to Psychological Resilience." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1224.
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In the course of figuring out one’s identity, the proactive manner in which an individual defines one’s self or builds one’s character is an important aspect of the venture. Markus and Kitayama (1991) described and contrasted interdependent self-construal and independent self-construal, two forms of self-construction. This paper presents the theoretical link between interdependent self-construal and psychological resilience. Identity development is viewed through the interdependent self-construal perspective and it is explained how interdependence provides an individual with more and better opportunities for identity development. Through a conceptual tie to self-compassion, interdependent self-construal may be a key component to experiencing psychological resilience.
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Darwent, Katherine M. "Individual Differences in Travel Across Psychological Distances." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343680514.
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Wefald, Andrew J. "An examination of job engagement, transformational leadership, and related psychological constructs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/976.
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Bietra, Danielle. "Examing Positive Psychological Constructs in the Context of 12-Step Recovery." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/85.
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Twelve step organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous are free, community-based fellowships. Such organizations are the most widely sought recovery management options, surpassing professional treatment. The emerging evidence base suggests that involvement in such organizations is associated with positive substance-related outcomes (e.g., abstinence). Relatively speaking, however, far less is known about whether or not involvement is associated with other meaningful psychosocial constructs. The current study examined gratitude, meaning in life, life satisfaction, personal growth, and various other recovery and psychosocial constructs in a sample of self-identified NA members (N = 128) from 26 U.S. states, ranging in age from 22 to 64 years. The primary aim of the present study was to psychometrically evaluate and refine four distinct positive psychology instruments (i.e., Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ – 6), Meaning in Life Scale (MLQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Personal Growth Initiative Scale (PGIS)). The current study contained three phases. First, the psychometric properties of each instrument were examined within an Item Response Theory measurement framework. The Rating Scale Model was used to evaluate the each instrument using WINSTEPS 3.74.01. With the exception of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (which did not conform to an IRT measurement model), each instrument was iteratively refined based on statistical and clinical considerations, resulting in the collapse of response options and the removal of poorly fitting items. These refinements improved the psychometric properties of each instrument, resulting in a more reliable, accurate, and efficient way to measure gratitude, life satisfaction, and personal growth in clinical samples. Second, items from the GQ – 6, SWLS, and PGIS were examined concurrently using the PROC IRT procedure in SAS to explore whether the constructs were distinct from one another. Results provide support that gratitude, life satisfaction, and personal growth are unique and distinct constructs. Last, the study examined several recovery-related correlates of gratitude, life satisfaction, and personal growth. Hierarchical regression models assessed whether abstinence duration and other recovery-related variables accounted for significant incremental variance in gratitude, life satisfaction, and personal growth, over and above several covariates. As a block, abstinence duration and recovery predictors accounted for significant incremental variance in all of the constructs. These data suggest ongoing recovery involvement in 12-step organizations may be associated with positive outcomes beyond abstinence. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Ferenczi, Nelli. "The antecedents and psychological outcomes of perceived rejection from one's heritage culture." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11309.
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What factors predict whether we perceive rejection from our heritage culture? Few studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of intragroup marginalisation – perceived rejection due to not conforming to the expectations of one’s heritage culture – in spite of its implications for the psychological functioning of bicultural individuals. The broad aims of this thesis are twofold: to provide a holistic insight into the predictors of intragroup marginalisation and, in turn, to investigate its impact on psychological adjustment and functioning. The General Introduction reviews existing acculturation and marginalisation research and situates intragroup marginalisation within the Social Identity Theory framework. It is noted that previous research on the marginalised experiences of bicultural individuals has centred on either their choice of dis-identifying with their heritage culture, or being prevented from identifying with the heritage culture by the mainstream culture. The role of the heritage culture in-group in rejecting non-conforming members has largely been neglected. The predictors of this perceived rejection from one’s heritage culture were chosen because of their importance in shaping interpersonal interactions and goals: attachment orientations, selfconstrual, and conservation values. In addition, perceived cultural distance between the heritage and mainstream cultures was included as a factor which may heighten the tension between one’s cultural identities. To provide broad insight into the detrimental impact of intragroup marginalisation, outcome variables were chosen that represent general psychological functioning: psychological adjustment (conceptualised as acculturative stress, subjective well-being, and flourishing), an integrated bicultural identity, and extreme progroup behaviour. Study 1 found that anxious and avoidant attachment orientations were associated with greater intragroup marginalisation and, in turn, with lower psychological adjustment. Study 2 experimentally primed attachment representations; results further supported the link between chronic attachment orientations and decreased intragroup marginalisation. Study 3 further supported the link between attachment avoidance and anxiety and increased intragroup marginalisation. Furthermore, support was found for the indirect effects of avoidant attachment through intragroup marginalisation on greater endorsement of extreme pro-group behaviours. Study 4 increased the cognitive accessibility of independent and interdependent self-construals through a priming manipulation. Primed interdependent self-construal exerted a protective effect against the link between intragroup marginalisation and poor psychological adjustment and a conflicted bicultural identity, whilst primed independent self-construal was linked with increased intragroup marginalisation, and, in turn, decreased psychological adjustment. Study 5 indicated that valuing security and perceiving cultural distance decreased intragroup marginalisation, whilst valuing tradition marginally increased perceptions of intragroup marginalisation. Study 6 examined intragroup marginalisation experiences longitudinally. Results indicated that an increase in intragroup marginalisation from Time 1 to Time 2 was associated with an increase in acculturative stress. The General Discussion reviews the general findings, discusses implications for bicultural individuals, and sets further directions for research.
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Suto, W. M. Irenka. "Psychological constructs of financial decision making capacity : implications for adults with learning disabilities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428665.
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Truxillo, Catherine Ingels. "The effects of emotional disclosure on fitness and fitness-related social psychological constructs /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Sekol, Ivana. "Bullying in adolescent residential care : the influence of psychological constructs and background factors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609813.
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Siddaway, Andrew P. "Explaining and predicting psychological problems : the joint importance of positive and negative constructs." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26911.
Full textAbstract:
Positive Clinical Psychology (PCP) argues that positive and negative psychological constructs are jointly important for explaining psychological problems. “Positive” constructs have been explicitly focused on by positive psychology researchers and “negative” constructs have been explicitly focused on by mental health researchers. This thesis examines the relationship between positive and negative constructs in relation to four psychological problems: depressive symptoms (Chapter 2), anxiety-problems (Chapter 3), suicide attempts (SAs) (Chapter 4 and 5), and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (Chapter 4 and 5). Clarifying how psychological problems are most appropriately conceptualised has implications for definitions, diagnostic criteria, measurement, and clinical interventions. This thesis provides evidence that some constructs form bipolar continua, having a positive pole and a negative pole, whilst other constructs do not. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate that well-being and calmness respectively form continua with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, Chapters 4 and 5 demonstrate that SA and NSSI cognitions do not form a continuum with another construct. Results indicate that positive and negative constructs appear to have different relationships to one-another depending on the construct under investigation. Constructs that are common in the general population – such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, well-being symptoms, and calmness symptoms – appear to be bipolar, having a positive and a negative pole. Psychological constructs that are rare in the general population and which specifically characterise psychological problems (rather than being an extreme manifestation of a common psychological experience) – such as SA and NSSI cognitions – appear to be unipolar. The replication of scientific findings also features strongly throughout this thesis. Each chapter may therefore have a timely bearing on the emerging “replication crisis” literature.