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Journal articles on the topic 'Psychological constructs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Olderbak, Sally, and Oliver Wilhelm. "Overarching Principles for the Organization of Socioemotional Constructs." Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419884317.

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Psychological scientists have intensively studied how people handle emotions and navigate social situations for more than a century. However, advancements in our understanding of socioemotional constructs have been hampered because of challenges in assessment. Several measurement problems have been identified; however, we want to bring attention to a potentially larger problem. Many operationalizations and measures of socioemotional constructs are poorly embedded within the larger body of psychological research, hampered by jingle and jangle fallacies. Jingle fallacies occur when assessment tools are assumed to measure the same construct but in practice measure different constructs. Jangle fallacies occur when assessment tools are assumed to measure different constructs but in practice measure the same construct. Both fallacies are primarily due to a qualitative divide between a construct’s definition and how it was measured. We discuss this issue, identify examples of jingle and jangle fallacies, and conclude with recommendations.

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Waldeck, Daniel, Luca Pancani, Andrew Holliman, Maria Karekla, and Ian Tyndall. "Adaptability and psychological flexibility: Overlapping constructs?" Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 19 (January 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.002.

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Osorio, Alfonso. "Insufficiency of psychological constructs in education in altruism." Educación y Educadores 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/edu.2010.13.1.8.

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CRIPPA, G. "Psychological constructs involved in white-coat phenomenon." American Journal of Hypertension 15, no. 4 (April 2002): A83—A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02500-1.

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Slaney, Kathleen L., and Donald A. Garcia. "Constructing psychological objects: The rhetoric of constructs." Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 35, no. 4 (November 2015): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/teo0000025.

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Branco, Angela U. "Constraints on the Universality of Psychological Constructs." Culture & Psychology 2, no. 4 (December 1996): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x9600200408.

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7

Nesselroade, John R., Denis Gerstorf, Sam A. Hardy, and Nilam Ram. "Focus Article: Idiographic Filters for Psychological Constructs." Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective 5, no. 4 (December 4, 2007): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15366360701741807.

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Molenaar, Peter C. M. "Commentary on “Idiographic Filters for Psychological Constructs”." Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2009): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15366360802715353.

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Heikoop, Daniël D., Joost C. F. de Winter, Bart van Arem, and Neville A. Stanton. "Psychological constructs in driving automation: a consensus model and critical comment on construct proliferation." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 17, no. 3 (October 29, 2015): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2015.1101507.

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Payne, Stephanie C., John F. Finch, and Trueman R. Tremble. "Validating Surrogate Measures of Psychological Constructs: The Application of Construct Equivalence to Archival Data." Organizational Research Methods 6, no. 3 (July 2003): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428103254455.

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Harms, Peter D., and Fred Luthans. "Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital." Journal of Organizational Behavior 33, no. 4 (February 6, 2012): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1785.

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Mieda, Takahiro, Tadahiro Shimotsukasa, and Atsushi Oshio. "Types of explanation and causation using psychological constructs." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 2PM—004–2PM—004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_2pm-004.

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Sheard, Isobel, Melissa Ellen Burnett, and Helen St Clair-Thompson. "Psychological distress constructs in police with different roles." International Journal of Emergency Services 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-06-2018-0033.

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Purpose Police personnel report relatively high rates of mental health difficulties, and are at an increased risk of experiencing stress, burnout, secondary traumatic stress and anxiety as a result of the nature of their work and may also experience low compassion satisfaction. However, it is likely that the prevalence of psychological distress varies across roles. The purpose of this paper is to explore psychological distress, in a large sample of police personnel, examining differences between individuals in a number of police roles. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire assessing experience of mental health problems, perceived stress, compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress), compassion satisfaction and anxiety was administered to 602 police personnel, who were classified into one of ten roles (24/7 officers, communications, firearms, crime, resolution without deployment, neighbourhood, custody, safeguarding, operations and other roles). Differences based on role and the requirement for shift work were then examined. Findings 24/7 officers had higher compassion fatigue and lower compassion satisfaction than individuals in a number of other roles. Firearms officers had lower levels of perceived stress and anxiety. Resolution without deployment officers reported higher secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue. The findings also revealed that respondents who partake in shift work showed higher levels of perceived stress. Originality/value This is the first study to the authors’ knowledge to investigate experience of mental health problems and reports of psychological distress in different roles within a UK police force. The findings have important implications, for example, in terms of identifying groups who may be particularly at risk from psychological distress.

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Hill, Aaron D., Margaret A. White, and J. Craig Wallace. "Unobtrusive measurement of psychological constructs in organizational research." Organizational Psychology Review 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2013): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041386613505613.

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15

Joiner, Thomas E., and M. David Rudd. "Toward a categorization of depression-related psychological constructs." Cognitive Therapy and Research 20, no. 1 (February 1996): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02229243.

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Fryling, Mitch J., and Linda J. Hayes. "Psychological Events and Constructs: An Alliance with Smith." Psychological Record 59, no. 1 (January 2009): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395653.

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Chambers, William V. "MEASUREMENT ERROR AND CHANGES IN PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1985.13.1.29.

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Personal construct psychologists have suggested various psychological functions explain differences in the stability of constructs. Among these functions are constellatory and loose construction. This paper argues that measurement error is a more parsimonious explanation of the differences in construct stability reported in these studies.

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Sugiyono, Sugiyono, Djemari Mardapi, and I. Gusti Putu Suryadarma. "Developing assesment instruments for the sensory acceptability of food products." Research and Evaluation in Education 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v3i1.13940.

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The study investigated the constructs and characteristics of physiological, psychological, and sensory instruments. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, physiological instrument, psychological instrument, and sensory instrument. The expert judgment conclusions were calculated by means of Aiken formula; the instrument construct validity was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis by the goodness-of-fit test at the significance level of 0.05; the reliability estimate by generalizability with a G-study coefficient ≥ 0.7 and an ICC coefficient ≥ 0.7; and the instrument characteristics were analyzed by D-study. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the physiological instrument consisted of nine constructs: four constructs of psychological instrument and five constructs of sensory instrument; (2) three instruments had good face validity, content validity and construct validity, supported by the empirical evidence at p > 0.05; (3) the reliability estimate of the three instruments was good and the reliability estimate was supported by empirical evidence with G coefficients of > 0.7 and ICC coefficients of > 0.7, (4) the three instruments had characteristics that might be appropriate to be used by the university students of culinary program and the vocational high school students of culinary program.

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Xian, Rachel. "Conditioning Constructs: A Psychological Theory of International Negotiated Cooperation." International Negotiation 26, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 319–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-bja10025.

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Abstract Political psychology and social constructivism exist in an “ideational alliance” against realism; however, both have overlooked behavioral conditioning, the basis of animal learning. Through six stages situated in international negotiation behaviors, the theory of Conditioning Constructs shows how behavioral conditioning can take parties from specific to diffuse reciprocity, rationalist to constructivist cooperation, and crisis to durable peace. In stages 1, 2 and 3, parties use negotiated agreements to exit prisoner’s dilemmas, continuously reinforce cooperation during agreement implementation, and satiate to rewards as initial implementation finalizes. In stages 4, 5 and 6, parties receive fresh rewards with new negotiations, undergo intermittent reinforcement with periodic agreements thereafter, and finally attribute cooperative behavior to actor constructs. Conditioning Constructs demonstrates that agency is possible in socially constructed structures through willful participation in conditioning through negotiation; and that, while Anatol Rapoport’s tit-for-tat strategy is suited to initial cooperation, intermittent reinforcement better preserves late-stage cooperation.

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Amenumey, Edem K., and Andrew Lockwood. "Psychological Climate and Psychological Empowerment: An Exploration in a Luxury UK Hotel Group." Tourism and Hospitality Research 8, no. 4 (October 2008): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/thr.2008.34.

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The purpose of this study was to identify aspects of employees' work environment that were related to their feelings of psychological empowerment in a luxury hotel group. Data were collected through the administration of a self-completed questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factors analyses were run to purify the scales measuring the two constructs before testing the relationship using structural equation modelling. The results here, which form part of a larger study, suggest that the four dimensions of psychological climate identified (Managerial Support, Customer Orientation, Internal Service, and Information/Communication) positively influenced employees' feelings of psychological empowerment, conceptualised as a three-dimensional construct (Meaning, Influence, and Competence), with clear implications for managerial policy and practice.

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Garcia, Danilo, Elisabetta Sagone, Maria Elvira De Caroli, and Ali Al Nima. "Italian and Swedish adolescents: differences and associations in subjective well-being and psychological well-being." PeerJ 5 (January 12, 2017): e2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2868.

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BackgroundOne important aspect of subjective judgments about one’s well-being (i.e., subjective well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) is that cultural features, such as, nationality seem to shape cognitive judgments about the “the ideal life.” In this comparative study we examined differences in subjective well-being and psychological well-being between Italian and Swedish adolescents and tested if the relationship between the three constructs of subjective well-being (i.e., satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being was moderated by the adolescents’ nationality.MethodItalian (n= 255) and Swedish (n= 277) adolescents answered to the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being. Differences between samples were tested using a Multiple Analysis of Variance. We also conducted a multiple group analysis (Italy and Sweden) using Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the relationship between all three subjective well-being constructs and psychological well-being.ResultsItalian adolescents scored significantly higher in satisfaction with life than Swedish adolescents. Additionally, across countries, girls scored significantly higher in negative affect than boys. In both countries, all three constructs of subjective well-being were significantly associated to adolescents’ psychological well-being. Nevertheless, while the effect of the relationship between affect and psychological well-being was almost the same across countries, life satisfaction was more strongly related to psychological well-being among Swedish adolescents.ConclusionsThe present study shows that there are larger variations between these two cultures in the cognitive construct of subjective well-being than in the affective construct. Accordingly, associations between the cognitive component, not the affective component, of subjective well-being and psychological well-being differ between countries as well.

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Grigoryan, L. K., A. A. Khaptsova, and O. V. Poluektova. "The Challenges of Adapting a Questionnaire to a New Cultural Context: The Case of Studying Group-Based Guilt and Shame in Russia." Cultural-Historical Psychology 14, no. 1 (2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2018140111.

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With the majority of social-psychological research still being conducted in Western countries, researchers from non-Western countries often adopt existing theories, constructs, and instruments that are not necessarily applicable to the contexts they are interested in. This paper discusses problems that might arise when transferring psychological constructs and instruments from one cultural setting to another. We use the case of a study of group-based guilt and shame in Russia that was carried out by the research team. First, we briefly discuss the original study and the problems we encountered while conducting it. We then analyze the results of eight in-depth semi-structured interviews that followed up the original study. Finally, we conduct a thematic analysis of Facebook commentaries (N=98) that participants left after filling out the original questionnaire. Based on these analyses, we suggest a checklist for researchers who plan to study a psychological construct that wasn’t studied in a given cultural context before. With this paper, we hope to highlight the importance of thorough and comprehensive adaptation of psychological constructs and instruments to new cultural settings.

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23

Uglanova, I. L., I. V. Brun, and G. M. Vasin. "Evidence-Centered Design method for measuring complex psychological constructs." Современная зарубежная психология 7, no. 3 (2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2018070302.

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The article describes validation process of the diagnostic tool for monitoring assessment of socio-emotional habits in elementary school. The tool is based on the Big Five model and includes three scales: Goal achievement, Cooperation and Emotional control. Two validation researches have been conducted, both on third-grade students from Moscow and Tatarstan elementary schools. Preliminary research (N=1318) examined the construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and methods of Modern Test Theory have confirmed hypothecated factorial structure. Subsequent research (N=2559) proved criterion validity of the questionnaire: it showed expected level and direction of correlation with the results of reading and mathematical skills testing. Presented questionnaire can be used for group monitoring assessment of socio-emotional development in elementary school.

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Taymoori, Parvaneh, Mahdi Moshki, and Daem Roshani. "Facilitator Psychological Constructs for Mammography Screening among Iranian Women." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15, no. 17 (September 15, 2014): 7309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7309.

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Campbell, Paul, Annette Bishop, Kate M. Dunn, Chris J. Main, Elaine Thomas, and Nadine E. Foster. "Conceptual overlap of psychological constructs in low back pain." Pain 154, no. 9 (September 2013): 1783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.035.

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STRACHAN, ERIC, and WILLIAM SPAULDING. "Psychological and psychopathological constructs relevant to involuntary psychiatric treatment." Journal of Mental Health 12, no. 5 (January 2003): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638230310001603492.

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Ideno, Takashi, Yuki Tamari, and Kazuhisa Takemura. "Implicit Measure of Psychological Constructs Using Line Drawing Technique." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 83 (September 11, 2019): 3A—009–3A—009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_3a-009.

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Guinn, Bobby. "Psychological Constructs of Activity Readiness in High Functioning Elderly." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 25, no. 3-4 (February 12, 2001): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v25n03_10.

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Enns, Carolyn Zerbe. "On Teaching about the Cultural Relativism of Psychological Constructs." Teaching of Psychology 21, no. 4 (December 1994): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2104_1.

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This article describes limitations of a Western, individualistic perspective on psychological theory and proposes a multicultural approach to the study of personality. The first part of the article summarizes recent research and theory regarding how personality may be differentially shaped by individualistic and collectivist cultures. The second part of the article describes strategies for teaching about the impact of culture on personality.

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ALLENDEN, NICOLE, PETER BOMAN, AMANDA MERGLER, and MICHAEL J. FURLONG. "Positive psychology constructs as predictors of depression in retirees." Ageing and Society 38, no. 5 (December 29, 2016): 995–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16001410.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether five positive psychological constructs (self-efficacy, gratitude, grit, hope and optimism) had a combined effect on levels of depression. The co-occurrence of these psychological factors, defined as an example of covitality, was examined in relation to predicting lower levels of depression. Participants were 278 retirees living in Brisbane, Australia. Each participant completed either an online or hard-copy self-report, related to positive psychological functioning. A standard multiple regression found that self-efficacy, grit, optimism and hope were individually all significant predictors of depression (small effect sizes); however, the combinatorial relation of all these four factors with depression was substantial (R2 = 0.34; large effect size). Gratitude was not a significant predictor. While no causality can be inferred from this cross-sectional study, having a combination of positive psychological factors might have an effect on levels of depression in retirement.

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Corral-Verdugo, Victor, Fernanda I. García, Cesar Tapia-Fonllem, and Blanca Fraijo-Sing. "Sustainable Behaviors and Perceived Psychological Restoration." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2012.2.186.

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This study was aimed at exploring one potential psychological benefit of sustainable behaviors: the perceived psychological restoration (PR) associated to engaging in pro-environmental activities at both the physical and social levels. PR involves the recovery of lost psychological resources (attention, positive mood states, psychological wellbeing) mostly caused by attentional fatigue and stress, while sustainable behavior constitutes a set of actions aimed at the protection of natural and social resources. One-hundred- and thirtyseven individuals living in a Northern Mexican city participated in a study assessing four instances of sustainable behavior: altruistic, proecological, frugal, and equitable actions. In addition, four dimensions of a construct related to the perceived psychological restorative effects of sustainable behaviors were measured: being away, fascination, extent and compatibility, assumedly resulting from pro-environmental and pro-socialactions. Using structural equation modeling, the first four constructs were aggregated into a higher-order factor (sustainable behavior), while the rest of the constructs constituted a second higher-order factor (perceived restoration). These two higher-order factors resulted highly and significantly associated, indicating that practicing actions of environmental and social conservation might likely result in the restoration of lost psychological functions. These results reinforce the idea that sustainable behavior produces positive psychological consequences.

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Arslan, Gökmen. "Positive psychological traits, school functioning, and psychological adjustment in elementary schoolchildren." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 29, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2018.24.

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AbstractThe present study explored the associations among positive psychological traits, school functioning, and psychological adjustment of elementary schoolchildren. Participants included 392 children in Grades 6–8 attending a Turkish public elementary school. There were 48.2% (189) female and 51.8% (203) male participants, and they ranged in age from 11 to 14 years (M= 12.83,SD= .94). Findings of the study indicated that youths with high positive psychological traits reported higher levels of prosocial behaviour, school belonging and academic achievement, and lower levels of externalising and internalising problems. Path analysis outcomes revealed that the positive psychology constructs had significant and large associations with prosocial behaviour, school belonging, internalising and externalising problems, as well as small-to-large associations with student academic achievement. Overall, the combination of these positive traits, namely covitality, had stronger associations with youths’ school functioning and psychological adjustment than the constructs that comprise covitality. The outcomes suggest substantial associations between positive psychological traits and youths’ school-based and psychological characteristics.

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Elkins, Gary R., William I. Fisher, Aimee K. Johnson, Cassie Kendrick, Lauren Koep, Jennifer Bunn, and Michelle Perfect. "Initial Development of a Brief Measure of Psychological Distress." Psychological Reports 110, no. 1 (February 2012): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.pr0.110.1.218-226.

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This paper addresses the preliminary development, construct validity, and psychometric properties of a brief self-report measure of psychological distress. 40 items were originally generated by doctoral level psychologists for use in the preliminary clinical sample. Inpatients from a psychiatric unit ( N = 125) completed the items, and a principal-components analysis with a direct oblimin rotation was used to evaluate construct validity. The study indicated a four-factor solution, using the constructs of Depression, Hopelessness, Anxiety, and Anger, with good estimates of reliability. After evaluation of factor structure, item analyses, and reliability estimates, a redacted 19-item scale was identified.

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Millstein, Rachel A., Jeff C. Huffman, Anne N. Thorndike, Melanie Freedman, Carlyn Scheu, Sonia Kim, Hermioni L. Amonoo, Margot Barclay, and Elyse R. Park. "How Do Positive Psychological Constructs Affect Physical Activity Engagement Among Individuals at High Risk for Chronic Health Conditions? A Qualitative Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0295.

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Background: Positive psychological constructs (eg, optimism, positive affect) may help people engage in physical activity, though the details of these relationships and their directionality have not been studied in depth in people with cardiovascular risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use qualitative research to explore the relationships of positive psychological constructs with physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Participants with metabolic syndrome and low physical activity from an academic medical center completed semistructured phone interviews about associations between physical activity and positive psychological constructs, and perceptions about benefits, motivation, and barriers to physical activity. Results: The participants (n = 21) were predominantly older (mean age = 63 y) white (95.2%) women (61.9%). Engaging in physical activity was commonly associated with enjoyment, energy, relaxation, accomplishment, and determination. Experiencing positive psychological constructs like enjoyment, energy, connectedness, optimism, and determination also helped them engage in physical activity. Perceived benefits, facilitators, and barriers of physical activity engagement were noted. Conclusions: The participants at high risk for chronic diseases described many specific positive psychological constructs that both promote and result from physical activity. Testing ways to increase positive psychological constructs may be a novel way to help people at high risk of chronic diseases become more active.

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Huen, Jenny MY, Eliza SY Lai, Angie KY Shum, Sam WK So, Melissa KY Chan, Paul WC Wong, YW Law, and Paul SF Yip. "Evaluation of a Digital Game-Based Learning Program for Enhancing Youth Mental Health: A Structural Equation Modeling of the Program Effectiveness." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 4 (October 7, 2016): e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5656.

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BackgroundDigital game-based learning (DGBL) makes use of the entertaining power of digital games for educational purposes. Effectiveness assessment of DGBL programs has been underexplored and no attempt has been made to simultaneously model both important components of DGBL: learning attainment (ie, educational purposes of DGBL) and engagement of users (ie, entertaining power of DGBL) in evaluating program effectiveness.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe and evaluate an Internet-based DGBL program, Professor Gooley and the Flame of Mind, which promotes mental health to adolescents in a positive youth development approach. In particular, we investigated whether user engagement in the DGBL program could enhance their attainment on each of the learning constructs per DGBL module and subsequently enhance their mental health as measured by psychological well-being.MethodsUsers were assessed on their attainment on each learning construct, psychological well-being, and engagement in each of the modules. One structural equation model was constructed for each DGBL module to model the effect of users' engagement and attainment on the learning construct on their psychological well-being.ResultsOf the 498 secondary school students that registered and participated from the first module of the DGBL program, 192 completed all 8 modules of the program. Results from structural equation modeling suggested that a higher extent of engagement in the program activities facilitated users’ attainment on the learning constructs on most of the modules and in turn enhanced their psychological well-being after controlling for users’ initial psychological well-being and initial attainment on the constructs.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence that Internet intervention for mental health, implemented with the technologies and digital innovations of DGBL, could enhance youth mental health. Structural equation modeling is a promising approach in evaluating the effectiveness of DGBL programs.

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Tay, Louis, and Andrew T. Jebb. "Establishing Construct Continua in Construct Validation: The Process of Continuum Specification." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 1, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515245918775707.

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Many areas of psychological science rely heavily on theoretical constructs, such as personality traits, attitudes, and emotions, and many of these measured constructs are defined by a continuum that represents the different degrees of the attribute. However, these continua are not usually considered by psychologists during the process of scale development and validation. Unfortunately, this can lead to numerous scientific problems, such as incomplete measurement of the construct, difficulties in distinguishing between constructs, and compromised evidence for validity. The purpose of the current article is to propose an approach for carefully considering these issues in psychological measurement. This approach, which we term continuum specification, is a two-stage process in which the researcher defines and then properly operationalizes the target continuum. Defining the continuum involves specifying its polarity (i.e., the meaning of its poles, or ends) and the nature of its gradations (i.e., the quality that separates high from low scores). Operationalizing the continuum means using this definition to develop a measure that (a) sufficiently captures the entire continuum, (b) has appropriate response options, (c) uses correct procedures for assessing dimensionality, and (d) accounts for the underlying response process. These issues have significant implications for psychological measurement.

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Singh, Jitendra Kumar. "Psychological Strength in Military Set up: Current Status and Future Direction." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13403.

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The paper is an attempt to critically examine the application of some the constructs in vogue of positive psychology with special reference to psychological strength. Dwelling on the application of positive psychology in American army it tries to highlight the application of some of the key psychological strength constructs which are being used to train the soldiers of American army. With reference to India the paper advocates for looking into the indigenous constructs of psychological strength rooted in religio-philosophical traditions of India and its implication in contemporary context. It identifies some of the indigenous constructs of psychological strength which have been empirically investigated in the recent past. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the outcomes studies undertaken to profile psychological strength at different levels of leadership in Indian army. Instead of following American model of psychology, the paper strongly advocates for bringing out a culturally sensitive model of psychological strength applicable to Indian socio-cultural set up. Replication of the method used in the present study is suggested to study psychological strength of other sectors of the country

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Maiolino, Nadia Brittany, and Nicholas A. Kuiper. "Integrating Humor and Positive Psychology Approaches to Psychological Well-Being." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.753.

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In this study we investigated how individual differences and personality constructs taken from the positive psychology and humor domains of psychology may play an important role in psychological well-being. Participants completed measures assessing trait gratitude, savoring, and humor styles; along with several positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect, depression, and anxiety). We first examined the degree of empirical and conceptual overlap among the personality constructs from these two domains. Here, we found that higher levels of gratitude and savoring were associated with higher levels of self-enhancing and affiliative humor, whereas higher levels of aggressive and self-defeating humor were primarily associated with lower levels of gratitude. Subsequent regression analyses indicated that the positive psychology construct of gratitude was predictive of several different indices of positive and negative well-being, whereas savoring was most predictive of greater positive affect. In addition, these regression analyses also revealed that the humor styles of self-enhancing and self-defeating humor provided a significant increase in the prediction of several positive and negative indices of well-being, above and beyond the effects attributable to the positive psychology constructs alone. These findings were then discussed in terms of developing a broader and more integrated theoretical approach to the understanding of psychological well-being.

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Muldoon, Orla T., and Jacqueline Reilly. "Career choice in nursing students: gendered constructs as psychological barriers." Journal of Advanced Nursing 43, no. 1 (June 11, 2003): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02676.x.

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Franić, Sanja, Denny Borsboom, Conor V. Dolan, and Dorret I. Boomsma. "The Big Five Personality Traits: Psychological Entities or Statistical Constructs?" Behavior Genetics 44, no. 6 (October 27, 2013): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-013-9625-7.

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Salwen, Jessica K., Ingrid A. Solano, and K. Daniel O’Leary. "Sexual Coercion and Psychological Aggression Victimization: Unique Constructs and Predictors of Depression." Partner Abuse 6, no. 4 (2015): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.6.4.367.

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Sexual coercion of women is a common problem in couples that is often conceptualized as a facet of sexual assault or as a form of psychological aggression. Because psychological aggression is consistently linked to depressive symptoms, the researchers evaluated the unique contribution of sexual coercion victimization in the prediction of depressive symptoms beyond the variance explained by psychological aggression victimization. Sample 1 consisted of women living with a partner for at least a year and parenting a young child, whereas Sample 2 consisted of undergraduate students in relationships of at least 6 months. Overall, 27.4% of the women in Sample 1 and 22.8% of the women in Sample 2 reported experiencing sexual coercion victimization. Across both samples, depressive symptoms and psychological aggression victimization were significantly greater in women who experienced sexual coercion victimization. In addition, sexual coercion victimization and psychological aggression victimization each contributed significantly and uniquely to the prediction of depressive symptoms. Thus, although related to psychological aggression victimization, sexual coercion in an intimate relationship is a distinct construct. Implications for assessment, prevention, and couple therapy are discussed.

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Oja, Brent D., Minjung Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, and Christos Anagnostopoulos. "Conceptualizing A-HERO for sport employees’ well-being." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-10-2018-0084.

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Purpose In an attempt to promote sport employees’ well-being, the purpose of this paper is to examine the more traditional constructs of psychological capital (i.e. hope, efficacy, resiliency and optimism) and to feature the inclusion of authenticity, an often overlooked construct, among sport employees. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is designed to create an expanded sport employee psychological capital construct, labeled A-HERO, and a subsequent theoretical model to improve their well-being. Findings In detailing a conceptual model of A-HERO for well-being, the model includes and explains the relationships among sport employee antecedents (i.e. sport employee identification, pride and passion), an organizational contextual variable (person–organization fit), and an important employee and organizational outcome (i.e. employee well-being) in contemporary sport organizations. Research limitations/implications A-HERO offers a necessary first step for future theoretical research and empirical applications to improve sport employees’ well-being. Originality/value By elucidating the role of authenticity at work with traditional psychological capital constructs in the current sport industry, this paper stimulates sport business and management scholars to validate empirically the A-HERO construct and examine proposed relationships for an improved prediction of sport employees’ well-being.

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Biswas, Soumendu. "Behavioral and attitudinal outcomes of psychological contract violation." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-05-2015-0082.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the interactive effects of psychological contract violation (PCV) and leader member exchange (LMX) on workplace behaviors and attitudes. Another purpose of this research was to contribute to the existing literature pertaining to PCV and organizational cynicism in the context of managerial employees working in India. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 237 managerial-level employees and 156 of their immediate supervisors of seven organizations in India. A questionnaire comprising 36 items pertaining to the study constructs was administered. The reliability of the instrument was verified through item analyses. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to establish the instrument’s construct validity. Study hypotheses were tested and competing models were compared using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. Findings – All scales were found to have acceptable reliability estimates. A CFA established that the manifest variables loaded significantly on their latent constructs and that the latter were empirically distinct. This established the scales’ construct validity. The results of the SEM procedures indicated that all study hypotheses could be accepted as statistically significant. Also, the moderator variable had a quasi-interactive impact on the criterion variables. Originality/value – This research is among the first of its kind to examine the variables of PCV and organizational cynicism among managerial employees working in India. It may also be one of the few meso-level investigations in extant literature examining the interaction between an individual (PCV) and a group (LMX) level variable and its impact on workplace behavior (organizational citizenship behavior) and attitudes (organizational cynicism).

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Goldsmith, Ronald E., Ronald A. Clark, and Barbara A. Lafferty. "Tendency to Conform: A New Measure and its Relationship to Psychological Reactance." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3 (June 2005): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.591-594.

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This study assessed the relationship between two important constructs in social psychology, conformity and psychological reactance, which are suggested to be negatively related, i.e., a person higher in the tendency to conform will score lower on psychological reactance and vice versa. The two constructs were measured by multi-item self-report scales, the Therapeutic Reactance Scale of Dowd, et al. and a new tendency to conform scale constructed for this study. Data from a survey of 423 undergraduate students were used to test the hypothesis that scores on the scales were negatively correlated. The hypothesized relationship was positively supported by a significant but only moderately sized correlation ( r = -.32, p < .001).

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Medvedev, Oleg N., and C. Erik Landhuis. "Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life." PeerJ 6 (June 1, 2018): e4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4903.

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Background Existing definitions of happiness, subjective well-being, and quality of life suggest conceptual overlap between these constructs. This study explored the relationship between these well-being constructs by applying widely used measures with satisfactory psychometric properties. Materials and Methods University students (n = 180) completed widely used well-being measures including the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. We analyzed the data using correlation, regression, and exploratory factor analysis. Results All included well-being measures demonstrated high loadings on the global well-being construct that explains about 80% of the variance in the OHQ, the psychological domain of Quality of Life and subjective well-being. The results show high positive correlations between happiness, psychological and health domains of quality of life, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Social and environmental domains of quality of life were poor predictors of happiness and subjective well-being after controlling for psychological quality of life. Conclusion Together, these data provide support for a global well-being dimension and interchangeable use of terms happiness, subjective well-being, and psychological quality of life with the current sample and measures. Further investigation with larger heterogeneous samples and other well-being measures is warranted.

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Mattei, Josiemer, Amanda C. McClain, Luis M. Falcón, Sabrina E. Noel, and Katherine L. Tucker. "Dietary Acculturation among Puerto Rican Adults Varies by Acculturation Construct and Dietary Measure." Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy174.

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Abstract Background The role of acculturation in dietary behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States remains unclear. Discrepancies may be explained by variations in acculturation constructs or ethnicity-specific dynamics. Objective We aimed to compare relations between 3 different acculturation constructs with dietary quality and patterns among Puerto Ricans in the mainland United States. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data with 1194–1380 Puerto Ricans, aged 45–75 y. Acculturation was measured with the use of a language-based scale (0–100; higher score denotes more English use), a psychological-based scale (0–50; higher score denotes stronger US orientation), and years living in the mainland United States. Diet quality scores (higher scores denote healthier diet) were defined with the use of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MeDS). Three dietary patterns were previously derived with the use of principal components analysis. Adjusted multivariable regression models tested the association of each acculturation construct with diet quality score or pattern. Interaction terms were included for income or education status. Results Psychological-based acculturation, but not the other constructs, was positively associated with AHEI (β ± SE: 0.013 ± 0.004; P = 0.002) and MeDS (0.009 ± 0.005; P = 0.041). Income, but not education, moderated this association (P = 0.03), with higher diet quality observed with higher income (>$25,000) and stronger US orientation. All constructs were inversely associated with a traditional dietary pattern, with the language-based scale being stronger (z score β ± SE: −0.160 ± 0.032; P < 0.0001) than the psychological-based scale (−0.097 ± 0.028; P = 0.001) or years living in the mainland United States (−0.058 ± 0.028; P = 0.041). No associations were observed for the Western or sweets/desserts patterns. Conclusions In Puerto Rican adults, stronger psychological US orientation was associated with higher diet quality, particularly with higher income. More Spanish use, stronger psychological Puerto Rican orientation, and shorter length of mainland-US residency were associated with traditional dietary patterns. Appropriate diet-related acculturation constructs should be carefully considered among Hispanics/Latinos. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958.

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Hussein, Jeylan W. "The social–psychological and phenomenological constructs of spirituality in the culture of dhikr in Eastern Ethiopia." Culture & Psychology 24, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x16672415.

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The paper sets out to offer social-psychological and phenomenological constructs of spirituality in the culture of dhikr in eastern Ethiopia at a micro-ethnography of faith based therapy (FBT). For analytical purpose, the paper draws on hermeneutics. This is the theory and method that places greater emphasis on the way humans deploy linguistic and cultural symbols to represent, organize and frame religion and other complex experiences. The paper focuses on how dhikr producers deploy various interpretive repertoires to construct the psychological, interactional, emotional, behavioural, imaginative and perceptual dimension of spirituality. The paper indicates that the Hararghe Oromo’s dhikr culture is a hermeneutic exercise that involves cognitive and analytical engagement with the exoteric meanings as well as the esoteric meanings of the world. One can thus take dhikr as a socio-cultural site for analysing the nature of hermeneutically conveyed social–psychological constructs of religion and spirituality. The paper offers also the epistemological and conceptual implications of the study.

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McCrae, Robert R., Paul T. Costa, and Ralph L. Piedmont. "Folk Concepts, Natural Language, and Psychological Constructs: The California Psychological Inventory and the Five-Factor Model." Journal of Personality 61, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00276.x.

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Odağ, Özen, and Katja Hanke. "Revisiting Culture." Journal of Media Psychology 31, no. 4 (October 2019): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000244.

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Abstract. Culture is an important dimension to consider in media psychological scholarship, though to date little media psychological research exists that takes culture into account. This paper systematically reviews existing studies of the relationship between culture and media uses/processes/effects and identifies six fields of research: uses and gratifications, social identity, acculturation, diaspora communication, cross- and intercultural communication, and international media markets. The majority of this research is fragmented to the extent that separate approaches and findings of the two pillar disciplines of media psychology (psychology and communication) are not integrated: the social identity and acculturation literature approaches the relationship between culture, media uses/processes/effects from an exclusively psychological angle, using predominantly psychological theories and quantitative methods. Diaspora communication, inter-and cross-cultural communication, and international media markets research is dominated by communication theories and qualitative methods. A theoretical model is presented that integrates concepts of culture into media psychological scholarship on both a supra-individual macro-level (drawing on constructs such as individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance) and an individual micro-level (drawing on constructs such as social identity, self-construals, values, and beliefs).

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Alkahtani, Nasser Saad, M. M. Sulphey, Kevin Delany, and Anass Hamad Elneel Adow. "A Conceptual Examination about the Correlates of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) among the Saudi Arabian Workforce." Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040122.

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Psychological capital (PsyCap), which is considered a higher-order construct, is composed of hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience. The importance of PsyCap stems from the fact that it has the propensity to motivate individuals in their accomplishment of organizational tasks and goals. The concept is related to many behavioral concepts including: subjective well-being, social capital, employee engagement, and emotional intelligence. The majority of the research literature on PsyCap has originated from the West, and limited literature exists about its antecedents and consequences among the Saudi population. Studies undertaken in Saudi Arabia must take into account unique cultural aspects. The present work attempts to identify the contribution that could emerge from the relationship of PsyCap, with constructs like subjective well-being, social capital, and employee engagement, considered through the prism of culture. It also recognizes the influence of, and upon, the external environment. Going beyond the replication of earlier studies, the present work considers the constructs to have a yin-yang relationship. The study presented a model of comprehensive framework emerging from the relevant literature to bring out the complex connections between PsyCap and other constructs. It also emphasized the importance of culture on the identified constructs, and its implication on contribution and performance. The proposed framework needs to be further tested by academics, researchers, and practitioners to confirm its practical implications in industry.

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