Dissertations / Theses: 'PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES'

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Махнева, Т. Б., and T. B. Makhneva. "Исследование совладающего поведения молодежи, играющей в онлайн-игры : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/99995.

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Объектом исследования явилось совладающее поведение и его основные особенности. Предметом исследования стали особенности совладающего поведения у молодежи, склонных к зависимости от онлайн-игр. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (61 источник) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик и рисунки с результатами по заявленным методикам. Объем магистерской диссертации 96 страниц, на которых размещены 18 рисунков и 8 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме совладающего поведения. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию социально-психологических особенностей периода молодости, социально психологических особенностей молодежи, склонной к зависимости от онлайн-игр. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: опросник «Способы совладающего поведения» Лазаруса, опросник Плутчика – Келлермана – Конте. Тест для диагностики механизмов психологической защиты, опросник социально-психологической адаптации, СПА (Test of Personal Adjustment), тест Кимберли Янг на интернет-зависимость, диагностика гейм-аддикции (Кочетков Н.В.). Также в главе представлен статистический анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутой гипотезе, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.
The object of the research was coping behavior and its main features. The subject of the research is the coping behavior of young people prone to addiction to online games. The Master's dissertation consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (61 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms and pictures with the results according to the declared methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 96 pages, which contain 18 figures and 8 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, determines the object and subject of the research, formulates the main hypothesis, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The sections devoted to the study of the indicators of the structural components of school adaptation and their interrelationships in fifth grade students are presented. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on coping behavior. The sections devoted to the study of the socio-psychological characteristics of the period of youth, the socio-psychological characteristics of young people prone to addiction to online games. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It is a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the questionnaire "Methods of coping behavior" by Lazarus, the questionnaire of Plutchik - Kellerman - Conte. Test for the diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, questionnaire of socio-psychological adaptation, SPA (Test of Personal Adjustment), Kimberly Young test for Internet addiction, diagnosis of game addiction (Kochetkov N.V.). The chapter also provides a statistical analysis of the research results. Conclusions from Chapter 2 include the main findings of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypothesis put forward, substantiates the practical significance of the study and describes possible prospects for the further development of this problem.

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Tam, Kim-pong, and 談儉邦. "Tolerance of diverse opinions delays worldview defense." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26659372.

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Janger, Darren S. "The Collective Overuse of Antidepressants as a Psychological Defense Inhibiting Soul Opportunities." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750296.

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It is not the existence of depressive symptomology, but understanding the function and effect that should be central in how to best support patients. Even in cases of milder depression, phase-of-life issues, or adjustment-related depressive episodes, the myth of a magical pill, here an antidepressant, appeals to the human desire for cessation of whatever unpleasantness may be arising. As a collective, clinicians may be placating clients’ psychological defenses and natural desire to suppress or dissociate at the expense of allowing a soulful opportunity to work through and resolve challenges. Utilizing a primarily hermeneutic approach, the author contemplates various studies supporting psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, and combined therapies. Ultimately, the case is made for decision-making processes that place higher value on the greater context of potential soul opportunities for resolution and healing as well as individuation and growth.

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Ho, Mun-yin Samuel. "Psychological aspects of pain and ego defense in cancer and hand-injured patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29688693.

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Kramer, Greg M. Heilbrun Kirk. "Plea bargaining recommendations by criminal defense attorneys : legal, psychological, and substance abuse rehabilitative influences /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/734.

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Taborda, Anna Lucia de Camargo Gargiulo. "Aspectos da resistência do aluno de medicina na busca por auxílio psicológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-24022016-114439/.

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Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre os alunos do primeiro ao sexto ano do curso de medicina da FMUSP e como manifestam a resistência na busca por auxílio psicológico. Método: aplicação dos Inventários de Depressão (BDI) e Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e Questionário aos alunos matriculados no ano de 2012 na Faculdade de Medicina da USP, bem como do Teste de Apercepção Temática àqueles que preencheram os critérios de resistência à busca de auxílio psicológico. Resultados: Dos 1.034 alunos matriculados na graduação em 2.012, 439 (42,46%) responderam adequadamente o BAI e BDI, sendo que desses, 13,4% sujeitos apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade em nível Leve e 5,5% em nível Moderado. Dentre os 437 Inventários de Depressão respondidos, 16,0% indicaram nível Leve e 4,1% Nível Moderado de depressão. Não houve diferença significativa entre os gêneros em relação aos níveis de depressão e ansiedade encontrados. Dos 82 sujeitos que apresentaram ansiedade em nível Leve e Moderado, 56 (68,3%) afirmaram ter demanda por algum tipo de serviço em saúde mental, mas apenas 12 (14,5%) estavam em tratamento. Dos 87 sujeitos que apresentavam sintomas depressivos em nível Leve e Moderado, 58 (66,7%) apresentaram demanda para tratamento psicológico e somente 17 (19,6%) estavam em terapia. Foram enviadas 109 Cartas-convites aos sujeitos que revelaram interesse em buscar auxílio psicológico e não buscaram e aos que apresentaram sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em nível moderado para participarem do Teste de Apercepção Temática, mas compareceram a essa atividade apenas 7 sujeitos, todos com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em níveis mínimo e leve. Foram aplicadas 5 pranchas do TAT a esses sujeitos que, de forma geral, revelaram sentimentos que em sua maioria eram negativos ou pessimistas. As ansiedades prevalentes foram as paranoides e as relacionadas ao desempenho de tarefas, as defesas mais percebidas foram a maníaca e a racionalização, a integração do ego variou entre fraca, razoável e boa e a adequação do superego apontou para um superego exigente e rígido. Conclusão: A maioria dos alunos de medicina com ansiedade e depressão em níveis Leve e Moderado apresentou resistência para buscar auxílio psicológico. A resistência se manifestou em dois níveis: um mais intenso, que impede o sujeito de perceber sua doença, seus sintomas e seu próprio sofrimento psíquico; e em um nível menos intenso, em que o sujeito percebe sua doença e/ou sintomas e reconhece a necessidade de buscar auxílio, mas não o procura. A resistência parece estar relacionada a um modo de \"ser\" idealizado, associado a um superego rígido e exigente e compartilhado e perseguido pelo corpo discente
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among first-to-sixth year medical students of FMUSP and how they resist to seek mental health support. Methodology: This study used cross-setional survey data from a representative sample of undergraduated medical students (N= 439) that answered Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a Supplemental Questionnaire. The students that scored positively for depression and anxiety and those who demand for psychological treatment but had not accessed any mental health service were invited to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Results: Of the 1,034 undergraduate students attending the medical school in 2012, 439 (42.46%) responded adequately BAI and BDI, and of them, 13.4% students had symptoms of anxiety in Light Level and 5.5% in Moderate level. Among the 437 BDI that were considered in this survey, 16.0% indicated Light Level and 4.1% Moderate Level of depression. Considering gender, there was no significant difference in the levels of depression and anxiety. Of the 82 students with anxiety in Light and Moderate Level, 56 (68.3%) reported demand for some kind of service in mental health, but only 12 (14.5%) were receiving treatment. Of the 87 subjects with depressive symptoms in Light and Moderate Level, 58 (66.7%) considered seeking for mental health care and only 17 (19.6%) were in therapy. 109 students who have shown interest in seeking psychological help and have not sought and those who had depressive and anxiety symptoms in moderate level were invited to participate to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), but only 7 students attended this activity, all with symptoms of anxiety and depression in minimum and light levels. The TAT was used in a reduced version of 5 pictures and, in general, the students\' answers revealed negative or pessimistic feelings. The paranoid anxieties were prevalent and related to performance tasks. The manic and rationalization were the most observed psychic defenses. The ego showed a variation from poor to fair good integration and the superego were pointed as demanding and rigid. Conclusion: Most medical students with anxiety and depression in Light and Moderate levels showed resistance to seek psychological help. The resistance was manifested in two levels: the more intense, which prevents the student to perceive their disease, symptoms and their own psychological distress; and a less intense level, that allows the students to perceive their illness and / or symptoms and recognizes their needs to seek help, but prevents them accessing mental health services. The resistance seems to be associated to idealized way of \"being\", shared by this student population

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Kelly, Lynsey. "How do criminal defence barristers work with psychological distress throughout the courtroom process?" Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4538/.

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Whilst a significant proportion of those coming through the Magistrates’ Court have mental health difficulties and associated social disadvantage and vulnerability, there would appear to insufficient resources to meet their needs. Eight criminal defence barristers, who received no professional training in mental health, were interviewed about their experience of working with these clients. Thematic analysis of data, from a critical realist epistemological position, generated two themes. “Working with clients’ mental health difficulties” describes how mental health is constructed, identified, and defended; the systemic issues that may compromise the defence; barristers’ attempts to mitigate harm and manage distress; and finally, barristers’ own distress. “Professional anxiety” captures how barristers are strained by their recognition of a flawed system; conflicting obligations to the court and their client; and pressures of poor resources, feeling very responsible, and needing to present an illusion of confidence. A discussion of these results included consideration of the potential for a medicalising narrative to lead to legal paternalism (subjugating the client’s autonomy in an attempt to act in their “best interests”); and the deprivation of defence options; possibly representing unintended human rights violations. Barristers found clients with mental health needs were particularly emotionally taxing, desired training to work with them, and suggested that these clients were vulnerable to wider discrimination and inequalities in the criminal justice system. Concerns were raised by the barristers’ significant risk factors for “burnout” (a state of psychological stress), and the implications of this for both their emotional well-being, and the risk of exposing their clients to financially driven unethical behaviour. Systemic changes, informed by clinical psychology, were recommended, including training for barristers.

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Africa, Adelene R. "An analysis of psychological and legal conceptions of the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13901.

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Bibliography: leaves 59-62.
The defence of non-pathological capacity presents challenges for both law and psychology because it acknowledges that psychological factors other than mental illness, are grounds for complete exculpation. In this sense, South African law differs from its Anglo-American counterparts as it recognises that non-pathological factors playa role in negating criminal responsibility. Legal and mental health professionals are instrumental in the application of the defence, but both case law and literature reflect differences in the way in which the defence is understood and applied. Disagreement within and between disciplines adds to the controversial nature of the defence. This study examines the interpretation and practical application of the defence by mental health professionals and lawyers. It explores how participants' understanding of the defence informs its application in practice. A sample of ten participants including mental health professionals (comprising psychologists and psychiatrists) and lawyers (comprising advocates) was chosen, in order that a comparison be drawn between the two groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted so as to enable in-depth exploration of issues regarding conceptions of criminal responsibility, the role of expert testimony and the conceptual understanding and application of the defence.

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Cowlin, Justin Lee. "Why do Things Fall Apart? : A Psychological Analysis of Okonkwo's Personality and his Ultimate Demise in Chinua Achebe's Novel Things Fall Apart." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8552.

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There are very few works not associated with the Western canon to have received as much attention as Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart (Ogbaa 1). However, contrary to the many post-colonial interpretations of this novel, this essay employs a psychoanalytical literary approach to discuss the cause of the protagonist’s eventual demise, based on the premise that human behaviour is driven by an unconscious process. Consequently, this essay argues that following the ego’s inability to repress the infantile demands of the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious self, ever more compulsive, repetitive and neurotic behaviours are displayed. Furthermore, this essay argues that Okonkwo’s relationship to his mother plays a significant role in explaining the tense relationship with his own father and sons. Subsequently, the protagonist’s self-confidence turns to pride and his masculinity develops into totalitarian rule leading to uncontrollable rage, Okonkwo’s world literally falls apart.

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Pryde, Nia A. "The adult consequences of childhood psychological maltreatment : a study of object relations, internalized shame, and defence style." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-adult-consequences-of-childhood-psychological-maltreatment--a-study-of-object-relations-internalized-shame-and-defence-style(e9dcd0b1-748d-4c37-8c48-f1a1e2b529d2).html.

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SECTION 1 The Adult Consequences of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment: A Study of Object Relations, Internalized Shame, and Defense Style Childhood psychological maltreatment has recently emerged in the literature as a form of child abuse that has long-term mental health consequences affecting the child, adolescent, and adult. Psychological maltreatment is increasingly regarded as a core construct in all child maltreatment. Whereas its impact has been recognized in terms of its psychopathological sequelae, there is only limited understanding of the mechanisms by which psychological maltreatment in childhood comes to affect the adult. This study was undertaken with a view to elucidating the issue. A developmental and object relations paradigm was adopted, focusing on the impact of psychological maltreatment on object relations characteristics, the experience of internalized shame, and the use of cognitive defence mechanisms. The design compared a severe group of psychologically maltreated individuals with those who had experienced no maltreatment or less severe maltreatment with respect to their performance on measures of object relations, shame, self-esteem, and defence style. The severe group was distinguished by greater object relations deficits, higher internalized shame, lower self-esteem, and an immature defence style. Psychological maltreatment was also found to have a significant association with these phenomena. These results clearly point toward mediation hypotheses in future investigations. The implications of the study were discussed in terms of allocating a more central role to psychological maltreatment in all child maltreatment, and giving more attention in therapy to self and self-other phenomena. SECTION 2 ETHICS PROPOSAL An Investigation of Adult Cognitive, Affective, and Interpersonal Phenomena In Relation to Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Recent research indicates that abuse in childhood is associated with adult psychopathology. There is a growing consensus that the concept of psychological maltreatment, which comprises the cognitive, affective, and interpersonal aspects of child abuse, is a core issue in all child maltreatment. A research study is proposed with a view to investigating some of the cognitive, affective, and interpersonal phenomena that may be relevant to the development of adult sequelae in victims of childhood psychological maltreatment. The proposal comprises an introduction to the study, together with a discussion of the aims and plan of investigation. The appendices include information for participants and the questionnaire booklet. SECTION 3 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and its Developmental Consequences The review of the literature focuses on the cognitive, affective, and interpersonal phenomena that have been linked with childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology. The concept and definition of psychological maltreatment, its role as a core issue in child maltreatment, and issues in measurement are discussed. Studies of the ii consequences of childhood psychological maltreatment are reviewed, indicating its association with a wide range of problems and conditions. The development of the child is considered in light of the impact of psychological maltreatment on the emerging sense of self and self in relation to others. This is discussed with reference to object relations and the development of mental representations of early experiences with attachment figures; the occurrence of shame in the child-parent relationship and its internalization as part of the child's identity; and the role of cognitive defences in protecting the developing self and regulating painful affect. SECTION 4 RESEARCH STUDY The Adult Consequences of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment: An Investigation of Object Relations, Internalized Shame, and Defence Style The evidence is summarized with respect to the psychopathological consequences of psychological maltreatment, including its effects on the child's development in terms of object relations, internalization of shame, and the employment of defensive strategies. A research study is described in which these effects were investigated with adult participants. It was observed that severely maltreated participants demonstrated greater object relations deficits, a higher level of internalized shame, lower self-esteem, and an immature defence style in comparison with participants who had experienced no, or less severe, psychological maltreatment. It was also noted that psychological maltreatment had a significant relationship with these phenomena. The potential impact of psychological maltreatment on interpersonal functioning and sense of self-worth may be inferred from this study. The conceptualization of psychological maltreatment as a core construct in all child maltreatment was supported. SECTION 5 CRITICAL REVIEW Critical Review of the Large Scale Research Project The background to the research study is described and its foundation in clinical practice. A commentary is provided on the processes involved and issues arising in the progressive stages of the study: in particular, the theoretical conceptualization of the research, its operationalization in terms of methodology, and the evaluation of outcome. The results of participants who scored high on the objective measure of psychological maltreatment but who denied it as an experience are discussed. This study points the way to a mediation design in future research. It also underlines the significant role of child-rearing in the development of psychopathology. SECTION 6 The general appendices comprise notes for contributors to the journals selected for the literature review and research study, a letter of approval from the School of Psychology Research Ethics Committee, and the word count.

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Salander, Pär. "Qualities in the short life : psychological studies relevant to patient and spouse in malignant glioma." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96905.

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This thesis deals with psychological issues concerning patients with malignant gliomas, and their spouses. There is no known medical cure, and the patients have a limited survival expectancy. Therefore studies evaluating new treatment modes, an overall supportive atmosphere, and attempts to avoid imposing unnessesary strain are necessary. Thirty consecutive patients with astrocytomas, grade III-IV, were included in a clinical trial with estramustine phosphate in addition to conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy. Both the patients and their spouses participated in the present study which aimed at a deeper understanding of the psychological processes relevant to their situation. By means of repeated thematically structured interviews, patients and spouses were followed separately during the entire course of the disease process. In addition to these interviews, all patients were assessed with a mini-mental examination, and five-month survivors were tested with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Questionnaires on reaction to the diagnosis and assessing psychosocial well-being were also administered to the patients. The interviews were analysed with grounded theory methodology and the findings were juxtaposed to concepts in psychoanalysis and coping theory. The main finding was that the patients, despite or owing to their severe medical situations, showed a marked capacity to create protection and hope. By means of biased perception they created an 'illusion' that palliated their strain. This finding is related to object-relational psychoanalysis with obvious implications for the crucial discussion on telling bad news. Another finding was that the spouses displayed different crisis trajectories depending on the overall status of their partners. Different senses of the relationship were related to different modes of coping. Especially spouses to patients with personality changes were put under severe strain and ought to be acknowledged by medical staff. Patients with no obvious deficits five months after termination of primary treatment nevertheless evidenced, at neuropsychological testing, a pronounced deficiancy in long-term memory, but no clear impairment in global intellectual capacities. Estramustine phosphate was found to have a negative impact on sexuality and might be one causative agent behind the decline in long-term memory, but these adversive effects did not seem to affect psychosocial well-being. The selective reminding technique proved to be sensitive in detecting deficits and is recommended in future clinical trials affecting the CNS.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1996, härtill 5 uppsatser.

digitalisering@umu

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Hinsenkamp, Lucas Daniel. "Compensatory Bolstering: Uncertainty or Threat?" The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1433501651.

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Fairweather, Angela. "The moderating role of meaning and defense mechanisms in the association between child sexual abuse and romantic relationship dysfunction." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002495.

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Thurwanger, Michael L. "Comparative research into credibility attributed to uniformed versus non-uniformed defense sources." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033638.

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The U.S. Department of Defense employs both uniformed military personnel and non-uniformed civilian employees as information sources. The objectives of this study was to determine whether students, acting in the role of journalists, attributed greater credibility to uniformed or non-uniformed spokespersons and whether a difference in attribution could be measured when the topic being briefed was more specifically related to the military mission.Seventy undergraduate journalism students were randomly assigned to four groups and exposed to one of four videotaped press briefings. Two briefings announced the outbreak of hostilities involving U.S. forces or award of a major construction contract. Each of the announcements was delivered by a uniformed military public affairs officer or by a spokesperson in civilian business suit.Following the briefings, students evaluated the source using semantic differentials first developed by Berlo, Lemert and Mertz (1969) and prepared questions exactly as they would ask them following the spokesperson's prepared statement. The semantic differentials were analyzed using ANOVA. The follow-on questions were coded using methodology similar to that used by Einsiedel (1974) and evaluated using the "Coefficient of Imbalance" proposed by Janis and Fadner (1949). This second method was employed to determine whether data obtained and analyzed using the Coefficient of Imbalance would validate results obtained through the use of more traditional semantic differentials.Neither method resulted in findings which would suggest a statistically significant difference in the credibility attributed to the defense source by the student-journalists in any of the four treatments.
Department of Journalism

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Moutoussis, Michael. "Defensive avoidance in paranoid delusions : experimental and computational approaches." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defensive-avoidance-in-paranoid-delusions-experimental-and-computational-approaches(e36dbfcf-9341-43a0-be41-087f9b22d994).html.

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This abstract summarises the thesis entitled Defensive Avoidance in Paranoid Delusions: Experimental and Computational Approaches, submitted by Michael Moutoussis to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, in 2011.The possible aetiological role of defensive avoidance in paranoia was investigated in this work. First the psychological signiﬁcance of the Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR) was reappraised. The CAR activates normal threat-processing mechanisms that may be pathologically over-activated in the anticipation of threats in paranoia. This may apply both to external threats and also to threats to the self-esteem.A temporal-difference computational model of the CAR suggested that a dopamine-independent process may signal that a particular state has led to a worse-than-expected outcome. On the contrary, learning about actions is likely to involve dopamine in signalling both worse-than-expected and better-than-expected outcomes. The psychological mode of action of dopamine blocking drugs may involve dampening (1) the vigour of the avoidance response and (2) the prediction-error signals that drive action learning.Excessive anticipation of negative events might lead to inappropriately perceived high costs of delaying decisions. Efforts to avoid such costs might explain the Jumping-to-Conclusions (JTC) bias found in paranoid patients. Two decision-theoretical models were used to analyse data from the ‘beads-in-a-jar’ task. One model employed an ideal-observer Bayesian approach; a control model made decisions by weighing evidence against a ﬁxed threshold of certainty. We found no support for our ‘high cost’ hypothesis. According to both models the JTC bias was better explained by higher levels of ‘cognitive noise’ (relative to motivation) in paranoid patients. This ‘noise’ appears to limit the ability of paranoid patients to be inﬂuenced by cognitively distant possibilities.It was further hypothesised that excessive avoidance of negative aspects of the self may fuel paranoia. This was investigated empirically. Important self-attributes were elicited in paranoid patients and controls. Conscious and non-conscious avoidance were assessed while negative thoughts about the self were presented. Both ‘deserved’ and ‘undeserved’ persecutory beliefs were associated with high avoidance/control strategies in general, but not with increased of avoidance of negative thoughts about the self. On the basis of the present studies the former is therefore considerably more likely than the latter to play an aetiological role in paranoia.This work has introduced novel computational methods, especially useful in the study of ‘hidden’ psychological variables. It supported and deepened some key hypotheses about paranoia and provided consistent evidence against other important aetiological hypotheses. These contributions have substantial implications for research and for some aspects of clinical practice.

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Holstein, Jaymee Elizabeth Liddle Becky J. "Thriving in adult children of alcoholics a comparison of collegiate ACOAs and non-ACOAs on measures of psychological mindedness and defense mechanism style /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/HOLSTEIN_JAYMEE_32.pdf.

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Byers, Constance S. (Constance Susan). "Transactional Risk Factors and Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Impact of Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Defense Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935809/.

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The relationship of coronary-prone behavior, hostility, and defense style to atherosclerosis was examined. Subjects were 1,271 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974 and 1980. Type A behavior was assessed using both the Structured Interview and Jenkins Activity Survey. The Cook and Medley Hostility scale and Byrne's Repression-Sensitization scale, both subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, were employed to measure hostility and defense style. The results revealed no significant association between the disease end-points CADSEV, history of myocardial infarction, and history of angina pectoris and either the Structured Interview Type A, hostility, or repression-sensitization, Jenkins Activity Survey defined Type B's, however, were found to more frequently complain of angina. It was suggested future research employ longitudinal or process designs to focus on adaptive functioning from a transactional and developmental perspective which may serve to promote coronary resistance.

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Rose, William B. (William Burford). "The Introduction of Robotic Technology: Perceptions of the Work Force of an Aerospace Defense Company." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330596/.

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This dissertation examines the effect that the introduction of an advanced manufacturing technology, specifically robotics, has on the work force of an aerospace defense company. In this endeavor, there are two main objectives. First, this study determines whether workers feel that their jobs are threatened by the introduction of robotic technology. Secondly, the research compares the degree to which workers from different labor types feel this threat. A review of the literature reveals that the technical factors involving manufacturing technology have been thoroughly examined and discussed, but the effect that they have on the work force has been somewhat neglected. This dissertation develops ten hypotheses to ascertain the perceived threat to job security for workers within an aerospace defense company. This study is based on an employee survey that examined the employee's perceived threat to job security by the introduction of robotics. The primary research was obtained from employees within an aerospace defense company through the use of questionnaires in a three phase approach. The first phase utilized a pretest that sampled the questionnaire prior to the company-wide solicitation. The second phase administered the questionnaire to the three labor types within the work force. Phase three consisted of data reduction and the comparison of the primary data to the research hypotheses. The results of the study concluded that workers closer to the robotic technology (hands-on employees) felt more threatened about their job security than workers more removed from the technology (support personnel and management). It was further found that the hands-on workers felt that the major factor that lead to the introduction of robots was the desire to lower labor costs while support personnel and managers felt that the major factor that lead to the introduction of robots was due to increasing productivity. Additional hypotheses tested in this study include the effect that robots have on the perceptions of the work force toward the company's employment level, worker apprehension and reaction, training, safety, health, and competition.

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Young, Sharon Y. "Zookie: A program on self protection for pre-school age children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/389.

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Hester, Amanda Spicer. "Juror perceptions of a woman who killed her abusive husband effects of wife's psychological diagnosis, husband's history of alcoholism, and documentation of domestic violence /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04012009-164826.

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Preuss, Gregory S. "It's Different When I Do It: Self-Protection Affects Construals of Negative Behaviors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307559459.

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Dembeck, Terri L. "Dynamics of Collective Sensemaking and Social Structuring Action Nets| An Organizational Ethnography Within the Military Health System's Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557559.

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Organizational perception and conception of interactions and relationships vary over time and space. This study focused on the capacity within and between healthcare organizations to collectively make sense of ambivalent and ambiguous environments in the context of social structuring actions (Czarniawska, 2008; Johnson, 2009; Weick, 1995). The purpose was to develop narrative frames from which a deeper understanding could be developed of how collective sensemaking is enacted through reciprocal and reflective interorganizational relationships during the final phases of an intended multiorganizational integration endeavor (Barki & Pinsonneault, 2005; Oliver, 1990). This study explored and described collective sensemaking as recognizable patterned social structuring actions that surfaced during integration efforts within the Military Health System's Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury.

A narrative approach illustrated emergent social processes. In the process of collaboration, ongoing generative conversations (Taylor & Van Every, 2000; Hardy, Lawrence, & Grant, 2005; Weick, 2004) affected the relationships between collective sensemaking and social structuring. An interpretive constructionist perspective revealed practices involving the interplay of assignment of meaning (signification), reducing equivocality and integration; formation of a sense of community, establishing structures and norms (legitimation); and the effects of collaboration and power (domination) distribution (Giddens, 1984; Weick, Sutcliffe, & Obstfeld, 2005).

More than 24 months of embedded observation aided the researcher's awareness of ongoing narrative dynamics of collaborative actions setting the conditions for the emergence of interorganizational relationships (Harquail & King, 2010; Hatch, 1997; Hatch & Schultz, 2002) and embodied practices (Varela, Thompson, & Rosch, 1991). Throughout experiences of collective sensemaking, organizations interpose mini-narratives as evidence of reciprocal patterns of social structuring revealing cooperative behaviors interweaving coordinated actions and setting conditions for the structuring of collaborative integrating nets of collective action. This supports both Carniawska's (2008) and Weick's (1995) theory of organizing during collective sensemaking as enacted processes within relational conceptualizations and perceptions. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of collective sensemaking and social structuring; moreover, they incorporate the new paradigm of enaction (Kuhn, 1996; Stewart, Gapenne, & Di Paolo, 2010) as embodied sensemaking into organizational theory.

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Bassols, Ana Margareth Siqueira. "Estresse, ansiedade, depressão, mecanismos de defesa e coping dos estudantes no início e no término do curso de medicina na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104141.

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A presente tese aborda o tema da saúde mental do Estudante de Medicina da UFRGS, em dois momentos chave, a entrada no curso (1º ano) e a saída (6º ano), usando metodologia transversal. Um dos seus objetivos foi comparar os níveis e prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão na entrada e saída do curso médico. No primeiro estudo, um total de 232 alunos (110 do primeiro ano, 122 do sexto ano) completou o questionário, com taxa de resposta de 73,8% no primeiro e de 62,6%, no sexto ano. Na amostra, 50,4% dos entrevistados eram do sexo masculino (56,4% do primeiro ano e 45,1% dos alunos do sexto ano). Sintomas de ansiedade foram relatados por 30,8% dos alunos do primeiro ano e de 9,4% dos alunos do sexto ano (p < 0,001). Estudantes do sexo feminino foram mais afetadas pela ansiedade do que os estudantes do sexo masculino. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação aos sintomas depressivos, com escores médios de 8,02 ± 6,14 e 6,62 ± 5,23 pontos na escala BDI em respondentes do primeiro e sexto ano, respectivamente. Nenhum dos sujeitos da amostra exibiu um nível grave de sintomas depressivos. O modelo final de regressão demonstrou associação entre sintomas depressivos e tabagismo (RR 3.12, 95% CI 1,30-7,51) e entre os sintomas depressivos e insatisfação com o curso (RR 4.32, 95% CI 2,34-7,97). Evidenciou-se a presença de maior ansiedade no início do curso, o que sugere a necessidade de serem desenvolvidas estratégias de cuidado nesse momento critico, de forma a auxiliá-los a lidar com a ansiedade. O achado de maior prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade nas mulheres da amostra deve ser levado em conta em futuras abordagens e intervenções preventivas neste grupo. O segundo artigo, avaliando estresse e coping, demonstrou alta prevalência de sintomas de estresse, que foram significativamente maiores nos alunos do primeiro ano do que no grupo do sexto ano (49,1% x 33,6%; p = 0,018). No modelo multivariado as seguintes variáveis foram significativamente associadas com o stress na amostra: ano do curso (1º ano > 6º ano), renda familiar (renda mais baixa > renda mais alta), a satisfação com o curso (insatisfeito > satisfeito) e o uso de fuga-esquiva como estratégia de coping (associação positiva). Assim como ocorre em relação a sintomas de ansiedade, é necessário auxiliar os alunos que estão iniciando o curso médico a contarem com ajuda psicológica para lidar com situações de estresse associadas a este período de forma mais madura do que a encontrada. Por fim, o terceiro artigo, visando avaliar a associação entre níveis de ansiedade e intensidade de uso de mecanismos de defesa nos alunos, relata que as analises multivariadas mostraram que mecanismos de defesa neuróticos e imaturos estavam associados à presença de ansiedade (p < 0,001). Os dados encontrados no estudo apontam que alunos do curso médico que apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade utilizaram significativamente mais mecanismos de defesa neuróticos e imaturos do que os que não tinham esses sintomas. A autora da presente tese não considera a possibilidade de que a educação médica ocorra sem estresse, pois alguma pressão pode incentivar a produtividade e o aprendizado. Entretanto, seu excesso pode prejudicá-lo. Os programas de graduação médica devem ser examinados de forma crítica para avaliar possibilidades de garantir que o estresse se mantenha num nível manejável. Assim, planos de prevenção, atenção e estratégias de apoio psicológico a este grupo devem ser desenvolvidos em nosso meio, com o objetivo de educar e profissionalizar jovens que escolheram dedicar suas vidas a uma área tão desafiante.
The present thesis broaches the subject of mental health of the Medical Student of the UFRGS, at two key moments, at the beginning of the course (1st year) and when finishing (6th year), using cross-sectional methodology. One of its aims was to compare the prevalence levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms when entering and leaving the medical course. In the first study, a total of 232 pupils (110 of the first year and 122 of the sixth year) filled in a questionnaire, with a response rate of 73.8% in the first year and 62.6% in the sixth. In the sample, 50.4% of those interviewed belonged to the male gender (56.4% in the first year and 45.1% of the sixth year students). Anxiety symptoms were reported by 30.8% of first year students and 9.4% of sixth graders (p < 0.001). Female students were more affected by anxiety than male students. There was no significant difference between groups regarding depressive symptoms, with mean scores of 8.02 ± 6.14 and 6.62 ± 5.23 points in the BDI scale in participants of the first and sixth years respectively. None of the subjects in the sample showed serious levels of depressive symptoms. The final regression model demonstrated an association between depressive symptoms and smoking (RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.30 - 7.51) and between depressive symptoms and dissatisfaction with the course RR 4.32, 95% CI 2.34 - 7.97). The presence of increased anxiety at the beginning of the course was evident, which suggests the need to develop care strategies for that critical moment, to help them deal with anxiety. The finding of a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the female population of the sample must be taken into account in future approaches as well as preventive interventions in this group. The second article, assessing stress and coping, demonstrated a high prevalence of stress symptoms, that were significantly higher in the first year students than in those of the sixth year group (49.1% x 33.6%; p = 0.018). In the multivariate model, the following variables were significantly associated with stress in the sample: year of the course (1st year > 6th year), family income (lower income > higher income), level of satisfaction with the course (unsatisfied > satisfied) and the use of avoidance/escape as a coping strategy (positive association). As it happens in relation to anxiety symptoms, it is necessary to aid students who are beginning the medical course, to be able to count with psychological help to deal with stressful situations, associated with this period, in a more mature way than what was found. Finally, in a third article, aiming to assess the association between levels of anxiety and the intensity of use of defense mechanisms in students, the multivariate analysis showed that neurotic and immature defense mechanisms were associated with the presence of anxiety (p < 0.001). The data found in this study indicate that medical students who showed symptoms of anxiety used more neurotic or immature defense mechanisms that those students who did not present these symptoms. The data found in the study indicate the beginning of the medical course as critical for the expression of anxiety symptoms, as compared to the ending point of the course. Defense mechanisms against anxiety still show themselves as immature at this time. The author of the present thesis does not consider the possibility that medical education might take place without stress, since some pressure can encourage productivity and learning. However, too much can detract from them. Undergraduate medical programs should be examined critically to assess possibilities to ensure that stress is maintained at a manageable level. Prevention programs, attention care and psychological support strategies for this group should be developed among us, aiming to educate and professionalize young people who have chosen to devote their lives to such a challenging area of learning.

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Nkewu, Zingcwengile. "Impact of psychological wellbeing and perceived combat readiness on willingness to deploy in the SANDF : an exploratory study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86413.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is deploying locally, regionally and internationally for peacekeeping operations and tasks other than peacekeeping. It is imperative that it succeed in these missions in order for the country, region and the world to develop. However, in order for the SANDF to realize success those responsible for the task of peacekeeping have to be combat ready, and particularly perceive themselves to be combat ready, they have to measure high on psychological wellbeing and should have no psychosocial and/or psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and social dysfunction, but must have a high level of willingness to deploy. SANDF deployment in Africa is voluntary and depends on those members who are willing to deploy to extract Africa out of the mire of squalor and poverty and conflict. It is only when there is peace that development and proper governance can be achieved, hence the need to use the SANDF as a foreign policy tool to bring about peace in Africa. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of psychological wellbeing (PWB) general health (GH) and perceived combat readiness (PCR) on willingness to deploy (WD) in the SANDF. A non-experimental, exploratory study was employed this study. Participants were drawn from the Army (n=465) from the rank of private to colonel. Participants completed valid reliable instruments measuring PWB; PCR; GH; and WD. PWB was measured in terms of self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, purpose in life, environmental mastery, and personal growth. PCR was measured in terms of family support, confidence (in all its dimensions), morale, and cohesion and unit discipline. GH was measured in terms of somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. WD was measured by using 12 questions with a sample question such as: “In the event of an invasion by an enemy force into the RSA, to what extent will you be willing to go into combat?” Correlation analysis was done to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine which of the independent variables contributed most to WD of members of the SANDF The results revealed a significant positive relationship between PWB (and its dimensions, except self-acceptance and positive relations with others) and WD, and PCR (and its dimensions, except unit disciple) and WD. GH was annulled for its potential not to explain any variance in the model because almost all participants scored zero on all subscales. The multiple regression analysis was in line with correlation results showing that total PCR (strongest predictor) made a significant contribution in explaining and predicting WD. PWB made a contribution in explaining and predicting WD, but not as strong as PCR. The PCR dimensions that individually contribute significantly in explaining and predicting WD are self-confidence, horizontal cohesion and confidence in the leader. The conclusion that is drawn from this study is that total PCR and total PWB contribute to willingness to deploy.

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Sokolovsky, Aline Roche. "Avaliação dos mecanismos de defesa na entrevista lúdica diagnóstica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183137.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como que psicólogos de Orientação Psicanalítica realizam a avaliação dos Mecanismos de Defesas de crianças durante a Entrevista Lúdica Diagnóstica. Foram conduzidos dois momentos de entrevistas, sendo que o primeiro caracterizou-se por uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre a técnica de Entrevista Lúdica Diagnóstica e sobre os mecanismos de defesas com 19 psicólogas. No segundo momento, foi realizada a apresentação de um vídeo – caso clínico – de uma sessão de Entrevista Lúdica Diagnóstica para duas psicólogas, que deveriam identificar momentos de uso de mecanismos de defesa. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado de acordo com a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os resultados indicaram que as participantes, possuem em média 27,15 anos de formadas, sendo que 100% possuíam curso de especialização em Psicologia, 78,94% mestrado, 21% doutorado e 42,10% possuíam Formação Psicanalítica. Os autores/teóricos que embasam a atuação dessas profissionais mais citados foram: Melanie Klein, Donald W. Winnicott, Arminda Aberastury, Sigmund Freud, Antonino Ferro e Wilfred Bion. A análise de conteúdo das falas das entrevistadas apontou para sete categorias, a saber, “Influência do Tripé Psicanalítico na Avaliação dos Mecanismos de Defesa”, “Expressão e Identificação dos Mecanismos de Defesa na Prática Clínica”, “Uso da Entrevista Lúdica Diagnóstica para Avaliar os Mecanismos de Defesa”, “Dificuldades de Explicar o Modo de Avaliação dos Mecanismos de Defesa”, “Forma Como os Pacientes Lidam com os Mecanismos de Defesa”, “Adequação dos Mecanismos de Defesa à Faixa Etária e Sexo” e “Materiais Utilizados na Avaliação dos Mecanismos de Defesa”. Algumas refletem a dificuldade das participantes em expressar de forma didática o surgimento dos mecanismos de defesas na entrevista com crianças ou, até mesmo, de saber identificar os mecanismos de defesas que são fundamentais para estabelecer o funcionamento de crianças durante as sessões. Outras ressaltam a importância de conhecer profundamente as etapas do desenvolvimento infantil para poder identificar e analisar a pertinência dos mecanismos de defesas que se fizeram presentes. Os achados nessa pesquisa vão ao encontro da teoria de autores clássicos e contemporâneos, no entanto, a escassez de estudos ficou evidente, ainda mais quando relacionado com a importância dos mecanismos de defesas na vida infantil e sua expressão no brincar durante a Entrevista Lúdica Diagnóstica.
The present study aimed to investigate how Psychoanalytic psychologists investigate the mechanisms Defenses in children during a Diagnostic interview. We conducted two stages of interviews, the first of which was characterized by a interview about the technique of Diagnostic interview and the mechanisms defense with 19 psychologists. In the second, there was the presentation of a tape - case study - a session Diagnostic interview for two psychologists, who should identify times of use of defense mechanisms. The content of the interviews was analyzed according to the technique of content analysis of Bardin (2011). The results indicated that the participants have an average of 27.15 years of formed, and 100 % had specialization course in Psychology, 78.94 % master's degree, 21 % doctorate and 42.10 % had Psychoanalytic Training. The authors / theorists that support the work of these professionals most frequently cited were: Melanie Klein, Donald W. Winnicott, Arminda Aberastury, Sigmund Freud, Antonino Ferro and Wilfred Bion. The content analysis of the interviews carried out pointed to seven categories , namely , "Influence of the Psychoanalytic Tripod rating Defense Mechanisms" , "Expression and Identification of the Mechanisms of Defense Clinical Practice", "Use of Diagnostic Interview for Assessing Ludic Mechanisms of Defense", "Difficulties in Explaining Mode Evaluation of Defense Mechanisms", "Shape How Patients Cope with the Defense Mechanisms", "Adaptation of Defense Mechanisms for Age Group and Gender" and "Materials Used in assessment of Defense Mechanisms". Some of the participants reflect the difficulty in expressing didactically the emergence of defense mechanisms in the interview with children or even to know identify defense mechanisms that are fundamental to establish the functioning of children during the sessions. Others emphasize the importance of knowing deeply the stages of child development in order to identify and examine the relevance of defense mechanisms that were present. The findings in this research are in the theory of classical and contemporary authors, however, the scarcity of studies was evident, especially when considering the importance of defense mechanisms in early life and its expression in play during Diagnostic Interview.

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Busch, Hillevi. "When pain remains : Appraisals and adaptation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6992.

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Stadler, Karien. "The influence of an experimental Ropes Course Development programme on the self-concept and self-efficacy of the young career officer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50162.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The tendency to use adventure-based training as an intervention medium for the improvement of the self-concept has grown rapidly over the past few years. However, research results on the effect of adventure-based training on participants' self-concepts are very contradictory. Some studies revealed significant positive improvements, while others revealed no significant differences in pre- and post-measures. The effect of adventure training on the self-concept in the military context has so far not yet been investigated in South Africa. A sound self-concept is of critical importance to young career officers, as it enables them to function with self-confidence in both their work environment and their community roles. They enter the military environment as late adolescents, which implies that the successful mastering of specific developmental tasks such as the formation of identity or self-concept, is a prerequisite for their dynamic functioning in the world of work. The aim of this study was to determine whether adventure training can indeed be utilised to enhance the self-concepts and self-efficacy of young career officers in the South African National Defence Force. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and post-post-test was used to determine the effect of a Ropes Course Development Programme on the self-concepts of young career officers. Subjects for the experimental group were selected from the young career officer population at the Military Academy (n=33) and subjects for the control group were selected from the young career officer population at the SA Army Gymnasium (n=32). Two measuring instruments were administered, during three time intervals, namely the Self-description Questionnaire III and the General Self-efficacy Scale. From the results it can be concluded that the control group did not change much during the eight-week-period of the study. Only three significant withingroup changes occurred, namely in the scores of the mathematical skills selfconcept sub-scale, in the scores of the total academic self-concept and the GSE scale. All three measurements showed a significant increase for the pretest to post-post-test time interval. The experimental group showed a number of changes between pre-test and post-test, as well as pre- and post-test to post-post-test time intervals. The SOOIII sub-scales with declining scores were the participants' self-concept regarding their verbal skills (post- to post-post-test) and academic ability (preand post-test to post-post-test). The total academic self-concept score was also significantly lower from post-test to post-post-test measurement. Scores that were positively affected over time were their self-concepts regarding their relations with parents (for pre-test to post-test), religion (for pre-test to posttest and maintained to post-post- test), the total non-academic self-concept (pre- to post-test) and the total general self-concept score (from pre- to posttest). The experimental group did not change with regard to their GSE scores. The most evident between-group differences were observed during the postpost- test on the verbal skills, academic ability, and total academic selfconcept scores (control group> experimental group), and relations with same sex self-concept scores (experimental group> control group). A significant relationship between the total SOOIII score and the GSE scale over the three time periods was observed. Highly significant r-values were obtained for both groups on all but one measurement. The final conclusion is that the Ropes Course Development Programme was not an effective intervention medium to enhance the self-concepts and selfefficacy of young career officers. There is still a need for scientific research to motivate adventure-based programmes as training intervention in the South African military context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die neiging om avontuurgerigte opleiding as ingreep vir die ontwikkeling van die selfkonsep te gebruik, het die afgelope paar jaar ingrypend toegeneem. Navorsingsresultate rakende die invloed van avontuurgerigte opleiding op deelnemers se selfkonsepte is egter teenstrydig. Sekere studies het beduidende positiewe verbeteringe aangedui, terwyl ander weer geen beduidende verskille in voor- en na-toetse getoon het nie. Die uitwerking van avontuuropleiding op die selfkonsep, is tot dusver nie binne militêre konteks in Suid-Afrika ondersoek nie. 'n Positiewe selfkonsep is van kritiese belang vir jong beroepsoffisiere, aangesien dit hulle bemagtig om met selfvertroue in sowel hul werksomgewing as hul gemeenskapsrolle te funksioneer. Hulle betree die militêre omgewing tydens adolessensie, wat impliseer dat die suksesvolle bemeestering van bepaalde ontwikkelingstake soos identiteitsvorming of die vorming van 'n selfkonsep 'n voorvereiste is om effektief in die werksomgewing te funksioneer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of avontuurgerigte opleiding wel gebruik kan word om die selfkonsepte en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te bevorder. 'n Kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp met 'n voortoets, na-toets en na-na-toets is gebruik om die invloed van 'n Toubaan Ontwikkelingsprogram op die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van die jong beroepsoffisiere te bepaal. Proefpersone vir die eksperimentele groep is geselekteer vanuit die groep jong beroepsoffisiere by die Militêre Akademie (n=33) en proefpersone vir die kontrolegroep is vanuit die jong beroepsoffisierpopulasie by die SA Leërgimnasium geselekteer (n=32). Twee meetinstrumente is tydens drie geleenthede geadministreer, naamlik die "Self-description Questionnaire III" (SDQIII) en die General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE). Van die resultate kan afgelei word dat die kontrolegroep nie veel verander het tydens die agt weke periode van die studie nie. Slegs drie beduidende binne- groep veranderinge het plaasgevind, naamlik in die wiskundige vaardigheid selfkonsep subskaal, in die totale akademiese selfkonsep en die Algemene Selfdoeltreffendheidtelling. AI drie tellings dui op 'n beduidende toename vir die voor-toets tot na-na-toets tydsinterval. Die eksperimentele groep het 'n beduidende aantal veranderinge getoon tussen voor- en na-toets, sowel as voor- en na-na-toets. Die SDQIII subskale wat 'n afname in tellings getoon het, was die deelnemers se selfkonsepte aangaande hulle verbale vaardighede (na-toets tot na-na-toets) en akademiese vaardigheid (voor en na-toets tot na-na-toets). Die totale akademiese selfkonseptelling was ook beduidend laer tussen die na-toets en na-na-toets meting. Tellings wat positief oor tyd beïnvloed was, was hulle selfkonsepte ten opsigte van verhoudings met ouers (vir voor-toets tot natoets, godsdiens (vir voortoets tot na-toets en in stand gehou tot na-na-toets), die totale nie-akademiese selfkonsep (voor- tot na-toets) en die totale algemene selfkonseptelling (van voor- tot na-toets). Die eksperimentele groep het nie ten opsigte van hulle GSE tellings verskil nie. Die mees klaarblyklike tussen-groep verskille in tellings is waargeneem tydens die na-na-toets met betrekking tot verbale vaardighede, akademiese vermoë, en totale akademiese selfkonseptellings (kontrole groep > eksperimentele groep) en selfkonsep betreffende verhoudinge met dieselfde geslag (eksperimentele groep> kontrole groep). 'n Betekenisvolle verband tussen die SDQIII en die GSE skale is oor die drie tydperke heen waargeneem. Hoogs beduidende r-waardes is vir albei groepe op alle metings waargeneem, met die uitsondering van een meting. Die finale bevinding dui daarop dat die Toubaan Ontwikkelingsprogram nie 'n effektiewe ingreep was om die selfkonsepte en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere te verbeter nie. Daar bly dus steeds 'n behoefte aan wetenskaplik gefundeerde navorsing om die waarde van avontuurgerigte opleidingsprogramme in die Suid-Afrikaanse militêre konteks te motiveer.

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Barros, Alcina Juliana Soares. "Associações entre reações contratransferenciais desencadeadas por agressores sexuais, mecanismos de defesa e trauma vicário em psiquiatras e psicólogos forenses." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179706.

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A avaliação de criminosos sexuais por psiquiatras e psicólogos forenses consiste em atividade específica que envolve desafios intelectuais e emocionais aos peritos. Esses profissionais trabalham diretamente com indivíduos que cometeram atos graves, que violaram o corpo e as emoções de suas vítimas, de modo profundo, estando expostos ao risco de trauma vicário, um subtipo de trauma psicológico indireto. Pouco se sabe, entretanto, sobre as repercussões desse tipo de avaliação na vida pessoal e profissional dos peritos. Assim, a tese aqui apresentada tem o objetivo de examinar as associações entre sentimentos contratransferenciais desencadeados por criminosos sexuais, mecanismos de defesa e manifestações do trauma vicário em psiquiatras e psicólogos forenses. A primeira etapa desse trabalho consistiu na revisão da literatura acerca de contratransferência e sua expressão no setting pericial, mecanismos de defesa e trauma vicário, tendo sido realizado um estudo exploratório com peritos psiquiatras. Ao se verificar que a versão brasileira da escala de avaliação de trauma vicário - a Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS) – ainda não se encontrava disponível, um estudo foi realizado para sua tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação aparente. Em seguida, o estudo principal, com delineamento transversal e utilizando métodos mistos, foi conduzido com 56 psiquiatras e psicólogos forenses brasileiros, entre outubro de 2016 e maio de 2017. Reações contratransferenciais, mecanismos de defesa e trauma vicário foram avaliados usando a Escala de Avaliação de Contratransferência (ACS), o Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) e a TABS, respectivamente. A grounded theory (GT) foi utilizada na análise qualitativa, através de um questionário auto-aplicado, a fim de compreender a influência da avaliação de agressores sexuais na vida profissional e pessoal dos peritos. Correlações positivas foram identificadas entre sentimentos de indiferença e trauma vicário e entre mecanismos de defesa imaturos e trauma vicário. Essas correlações foram muitos fortes no subgrupo de peritos sem história de psicoterapia pessoal. A investigação qualitativa demonstrou que ocorreram mudanças na identidade profissional dos peritos, na visão de mundo e nas crenças relacionadas à segurança e confiança. Concluiu-se que estratégias específicas maladaptativas de enfrentamento, tais como sentimentos de indiferença e defesas imaturas, durante a avaliação de criminosos sexuais, estiveram associadas com manifestações de trauma vicário em psiquiatras e psicólogos forenses.
The assessment of sex offenders by forensic psychiatrists and psychologists consists in a specific activity that involves intelectual and emotional challenges to experts. These professionals work directly with individuals who have committed serious acts that violated the body and emotions from their victms, in a profound way, being exposed to the risk of vicarious trauma (VT), a subtype of indirect psychological trauma. Little is known, however, about the implications of this type of assessment in personal and professional lives of experts. Thus, the thesis presented here aims to examine the associations between countertransference reactions aroused by sex offenders, defense mechanisms and manifestations of vicarious trauma in forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. The first step of this work consisted in a review of literature about countertransference and it’s expression in a forensic setting, defense mechanisms and vicarious trauma, and we have conducted an exploratory study with forensic psychiatrists. Since it was verified that a Brazilian version of the assessment scale of vicarious trauma - the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS) - was not yet available, a study was performed for its translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation. Then, the main study, using a cross-sectional design and mixed methods, was conducted with 56 Brazilian forensic psychiatrists and psychologists, between October 2016 and May 2017. Countertransference reactions, defense mechanisms and vicarious trauma were assessed using the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS), the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ- 40) and the TABS, respectively. The grounded theory (GT) was used in qualitative analysis, by means of a self-report questionnaire, in order to understand the influence of the assessment of sexual aggressors in professional and personal life of experts. Positive correlations were found between feelings of indifference and vicarious trauma and between immature defense mechanisms and vicarious trauma. These correlations were very strong in a subgroup of experts without a history of personal psychotherapy. Qualitative data showed changes in the professionals’ identity, worldview and beliefs related to safety and trust. It was concluded that specific maladaptive coping strategies such as feelings of indifference and immature defenses during the assessment of sex offenders were associated with manifestations of vicarious trauma in forensic psychiatrists and psychologists.

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Wallin, Lämsä Camilla, and Marie-Louise Joyce. ""En kugge i krigsapparaten" : Bibliotekens roll i svensk kris- och krigsberedskap." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414087.

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In this thesis we explore the idea presented in the Swedish National Library Strategy (2019) to tie the public libraries closer to the nation’s total defense system. The purpose of the study has been to understand which problem this idea was formulated as a solution to and how the suggestion is problematized by information science professionals, using critical discourse analysis methods developed by Carol Bacchi. Our material consists of the finalized National Library Strategy, its first draft from 2018, and the referral responses by various interested parties, as well as interviews with 15 public librarians, library directors, and scholars of information science. We discuss how the psychological defense relates to the librarian’s statutory duty to facilitate citizen participation in deliberative democracy and to counteract misinformation. We also ask how the library professions might be affected by an active involvement in future civil defense efforts. Our results show that the National Library Strategy construes the idea as a security problem by portraying our society as affected by growing political tensions, rapidly spread misinformation, and chaos, making the total defense suggestion into a meaningful solution. In our interviews with information professionals, some respondents viewed the total defense as an extension of their work to advocate democracy and intellectual freedom, whereas others perceived ethical tensions and incongruity between the two missions, referring to traditional library ideals of political neutrality and independence. All respondents based their reflections of the total defense idea on the importance of deliberative democracy and the library’s prominent place in promoting it, but with differing perspectives of its relationship to the total defense system as either problematic or emblematic. Drawing on these results, we argue that a total defense mission is compatible with librarians’ professional ethics and statutory democracy advocacy, as long as libraries can continue to foster free opinion formation and unbiased information evaluation independent from state interests during wartime and times of crisis. This is a two years master's thesis in library and information science.

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Silva, Josenildo José da. "O papel da sublimação no estudo freudiano do fenômeno religioso: uma releitura." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1319.

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O ser humano continua sendo a espécie diferenciada em meio a uma natureza tão vasta. Seu destaque lhe advém da sua capacidade de abstrair-se do dado imediato, de refletir sobre o mesmo e de lhe conferir significados. Esta sua posição, no entanto, não lhe coloca num lugar privilegiado de centralidade, ou ainda de primazia frente aos outros seres com os quais convive. Impõe-lhe, ao contrário, uma responsabilidade de cuidado sobre todo o cosmos. Por isso, ele está sempre buscando sentidos para o que lhe está em derredor. Entre os inúmeros caminhos trilhados pelo homem nesta busca de significação do mundo, tem sobressaído na contemporaneidade, como um elemento cada vez mais presente e atuante na vida das pessoas, a dimensão religiosa espiritual. Para além de todas as profecias de sua gradativa, mas inexorável, superação/eliminação da história humana e, também, contradizendo as muitas afirmativas feitas a seu respeito pelos vários processos de secularização, ela se encontra em nosso meio com nuances algumas vezes mais intensos e, em outros momentos, menos significativos. No entanto, sempre está presente. Nosso trabalho se apresenta como uma proposta de releitura psicanalítica deste fenômeno, a Religião, que ocupou na construção teórica de Sigmund Freud um lugar bastante significativo, revelando-se como uma realidade que lhe era verdadeiramente inquietante, o que se demonstra pelo número de suas aparições desde os seus primeiros construtos psicanalíticos até às vésperas de sua morte. Ainda que, declarando-se um ateu convicto, S. Freud sempre buscou uma compreensão mais acurada do fenômeno religioso e suas implicações na vida dos sujeitos humanos. Será possível à Religião constituir-se ao ser humano contemporâneo como um caminho sublimatório, em meio a tantos outros, que lhe auxilie na construção de sua subjetividade? O presente estudo foi realizado através de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico dos principais textos de Sigmund Freud referentes à sublimação e ao fenômeno religioso, bem como de estudos realizados por importantes psicanalistas atuais e alguns sociólogos da religião. Nossa pesquisa pretendeu alcançar uma maior compreensão do conceito de sublimação na metapsicologia freudiana tendo em vista sua aplicação na releitura da experiência religiosa nos escritos de Sigmund Freud, superando, desta forma impasses entre as áreas da Psicanálise e da Religião e construindo, ao mesmo tempo, espaços de diálogo e mútuo enriquecimento entre os referidos campos de conhecimento do sujeito humano.
The human being remains as the differentiated species among such a vast nature. Its distinction comes from its ability to abstract itself from the immediate data, to reflect about it and give it meanings. This position, however, does not place him in a privileged place of centrality, or even of primacy over other beings with whom he coexists. It imposes, on the contrary, a responsibility of care over the whole cosmos. Therefore, he is always searching for meanings to what is around him. Among the countless paths that men have gone through during this search for meaning of the world, nowadays there is an element that is getting more and more present and active on the daily lives of people: the religious spiritual dimension. In addition to all the prophecies of its gradual but inexorable overcoming/elimination from human history, and also contradicting the many affirmations made about it by the various processes of secularization, it finds itself in our midst with nuances sometimes more intense and, at other times, less significant. However, it is always present. Our work is presented as a proposal of psychoanalytic re-reading, based on the concept of sublimation, of the religious phenomenon, which occupied very significant place in the theoretical construction of Sigmund S. Freud, revealing itself as a reality that was truly disturbing to him, which is demonstrated by the number of appearances since his first psychoanalytic constructs until the eve of his death. Even declaring himself a "convicted atheist," Freud has always sought a more accurate understanding of the religious phenomenon and its implications in the lives of human subjects. Is it possible for Religion to constitute the contemporary human being as a sublimatory way, among so many others, to assist it in the construction of its subjectivity? The present study was carried out through a bibliographical research of Sigmund Freud's main texts referring to sublimation and religious phenomena, as well as studies carried out by important current psychoanalysts and some sociologists of religion. Our research aimed to reach a greater understanding of the concept of sublimation in Freudian metapsychology in view of its application in re-reading religious experience in Sigmund Freud's writings, thus overcoming impasses between the areas of Psychoanalysis and Religion and, at the same time, Spaces of dialogue and mutual enrichment between the mentioned fields of knowledge of the human subject.

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Shinga, Gladness Ntokozo. "Factors involved in combat readiness with hardiness as a mediator: an exploratory study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97837.

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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The continued and ever growing involvement of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) to complex peacekeeping operations over the African continent has opened a platform in the academic field to better sharpen the SANDF’s performance and contribution to achieve peace in Africa. Previous deployments to various African countries has tested the SANDF’s level of preparedness. Although the organisation gives effort to train its forces to reach the desired level of combat readiness, the nature of the operations to which soldiers partake in has proven to be more demanding. This study was driven by the need to explore and provide a broader perspective of what constitute combat readiness. Utilising the SANDF, the study aimed to explore the relationship between the soldier’s relationship with the spouse (RWS) and the soldier’s relationship with the unit (RWU), and hardiness as a possible mediator variable to combat readiness (CR). Previous research and theories were explored to provide a theoretical background for the study variables. A non-experimental controlled inquiry was used to test the hypothesised relationship among the variables. A sample of 363 participants (across ranks, gender and race) was randomly selected from South African Infantry Battalion Group mobilising for a deployment to Sudan. Hypothesised relationships among the independent variables, mediator variable and dependent variable was determined using the correlational analysis (Spearman correlation). Partial Least Squares (PLS) – measurement and structural model was used to test the study model for combat readiness. The results showed significant correlations between the soldier’s RWS and CR. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between soldier’s RWU and CR. Partial mediation was explained by the path coefficients from RWU>hardiness>CR. No full mediating effect was found. The results also showed insignificant correlations between soldiers RWS and hardiness (rather than between soldier’s RWS and CR. These results were in support to previous research and proved to add insight to future research on CR.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Geen opsomming beskikbaarbaar nie.

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Amir, Kiaei Yalda. "The Relationship between Metacognition, Self-Actualization, and Well-Being among University Students: Reviving Self-Actualization as the Purpose of Education." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1367.

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This non-experimental, correlational study (N = 513) examined the relationships among self-actualization, well-being, and metacognition. Need-satisfaction and non-defensiveness were also tested as mediators in the relationship between metacognition and self-actualization. A battery of paper-and-pencil self-report measures was administered to a sample of undergraduate and graduate students in a public university in South Florida. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling for mediational analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The results largely supported the hypotheses with only a few exceptions. Students who demonstrated higher level of self-actualization experienced higher well-being as well (the result of this hypothesized relationship was equivocal for parent students, n = 61). Moreover, need-satisfaction and non-defensiveness were found to be significantly and positively associated with self-actualization, providing preliminary supporting evidence for Maslow’s (1968) and Rogers’ (1951, 1961) theories of self-actualization. In addition, students with higher levels of general metacognitive competence were more likely to demonstrate higher level of need-satisfaction, non-defensiveness, self-actualization, and well-being (the result of the third hypothesized relationship was equivocal for female immigrant education students, n = 78). Further, metacognition and need-satisfaction, and metacognition and non-defensiveness shared common variance in predicting self-actualization. The relationship between metacognition and self-actualization was mediated by need-satisfaction and non-defensiveness, except for non-education students (n = 201), for whom no mediational effect was detected by non-defensiveness. In sum, the findings imply that general metacognitive competence, which can be taught as a set of skills, theoretically contributes to students’ self-actualization and well-being. This study provides support for a conceptual model of self-actualization, which introduces this phenomenon as a goal-oriented process that is essential to students’ well-being and can be attained by exercising metacognition. The discussion of the findings highlights implications of this study for theory, research, and practice as a guide for scholars, researchers, and practitioners in the field of education and psychology.

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Luce, Lauri D. (Lauri Diane). "The Relationship Between Level of Security Clearance and Stress in Engineering and Design Personnel." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504111/.

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The present study investigated the relationship between level of security clearance in engineering occupations and stress. A total of 63 male employees in the field of engineering and design with varying levels of security clearance employed by a large Southwestern defense company participated in the study. Data was obtained utilizing the Engineering Stress Questionnaire which measures sources of stress, work locus of control, social support, job difficulty, job characteristics, perceived stress, and demographic variables. T-tests revealed no statistically significant differences between employees with low security clearances and high security clearances with regard to perceived stress level. However, correlational support was found for hypotheses involving social support, job difficulty, job characteristics, sources of stress, and perceived stress. Path analysis was performed to investigate the impact of variable relationships.

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Elman, Kim. ""NI ÄR PROPAGANDA!" : Ett bidrag till det psykologiska försvaret." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5843.

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This study investigates the possibility of implementing national psychological defence measures utilizing social media. These measures are understood as an exercise of political power and are contextualised in the contemporary global information arena using Castells theory of communication power in the network society, while employing PSYOPS methodology to further understand the tactical dimensions. It also attempts to evaluate the prevalence of ”filter bubbles” and the potential hindrance such may be to successful implementation. Results show that key audiences can be reached and effectively influenced through the use of social media advert targeting systems and open source, fact-based information campaigns.

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Edlmann, Tessa Margaret. "Negotiating historical continuities in contested terrain : a narrative-based reflection on the post-apartheid psychosocial legacies of conscription into the South African Defence Force." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012811.

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For a 25-year period during the apartheid era in South Africa, all school-leaving white men were issued with a compulsory call-up to national military service in the South African Defence Force. It is estimated that 600 000 men were conscripted between 1968 and 1993, undergoing military training and being deployed in Namibia, Angola and South Africa. The purpose of this system of military conscription was to support both the apartheid state’s role in the “Border War” in Namibia and Angola and the suppression of anti-apartheid resistance within South Africa. It formed part of the National Party’s strategy of a “total response” to what it perceived as the “total onslaught” of communism and African nationalism. While recruiting and training young white men was the focus of the apartheid government’s strategy, all of white South African society was caught up in supporting, contesting, avoiding and resisting this system in one way or another. Rather than being a purely military endeavour, conscription into the SADF therefore comprised a social and political system with wide-ranging ramifications. The 1994 democratic elections in South Africa heralded the advent of a very different political, social and economic system to what had gone before. The focus of this research is SADF conscripts’ narrations of identity in the contested narrative terrain of post-apartheid South Africa. The thesis begins with a contextual framing of the historical, social and political systems of which conscription was a part. Drawing on narrative psychology as a theoretical framework, the thesis explores discursive resources of whiteness, masculinities and perceptions of threat in conscripts’ narrations of identity, the construction of memory fields in narrating memories of war and possible trauma, and the notions of moral injury and moral repair in dealing with legacies of war. Using a narrative discursive approach, the thesis then reflects on historical temporal threads, and narrative patterns that emerge when analysing a range of texts about the psychosocial legacies of conscription, including interviews, research, memoirs, plays, media reports, video documentaries, blogs and photographic exhibitions. Throughout the thesis, conscripts’ and others’ accounts of conscription and its legacies are regarded as cultural texts. This serves as a means to highlight both contextual narrative negotiations and the narrative-discursive patterns of conscripts’ personal accounts of their identities in the post-apartheid narrative terrain. The original contribution of this research is the development of conceptual and theoretical framings of the post-apartheid legacies of conscription. Key to this has been the use of narrative-based approaches to highlight the narrative-discursive patterns, memory fields and negotiations of narrative terrains at work in texts that focus on various aspects of conscription and its ongoing aftereffects. The concept of temporal threads has been developed to account for the emergence and shifts in these patterns over time. Existing narrative-discursive theory has formed the basis for conscripts’ negotiations of identity being identified as acts of narrative reinforcement and narrative repair. The thesis concludes with reflections on the future possibilities for articulating and supporting narrative repair that enables a shift away from historical discursive laagers and a reconfiguration of the narrative terrain within which conscripts narrate their identities.
Also known as: Edlmann, Theresa

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Mielcarek, Romain. "L'influence limitée de la communication militaire française sur le récit médiatique de la guerre en Afghanistan (2001-2013)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG003/document.

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L’Afghanistan a été au début du XXIème siècle l’opération majeure des armées françaises. C’est aussi une période tout au long de laquelle la stratégie de communication de cette institution se développe. La communication militaire, partagée entre un volet opérationnel sur le théâtre, un volet institutionnel au sein des armées et un volet politique au cabinet du ministre, s’est avérée un exemple original en matière de relations publiques. Nourris d’éthique et d’une forte conviction, les communicants ont opté pour une pratique plus tournée vers l’ouverture d’un dialogue avec les journalistes plutôt que vers la quête de résultats. En résulte une satisfaction relative du travail accompli dans ces deux groupes, sans que l’un ou l’autre n’ait dû renoncer à remplir sa propre mission. Le récit médiatique est relativement équilibré, même s’il est de plus en plus négatif au fil des années qui passent. Mais il contient également toute la symbolique valorisante de soldats dévoués et persévérants, soucieux de remplir leur mission
In the early XXIst century, Afghanistan was the major operation for french armed forces. All along that period, communication strategy of that institution has evolved, to face the standards of time and requirements of a professionalizing force. Military press relations, shared between communication about operations on the field, institutionnal communication inside the armies and a political communication in the minister’s office, has been an original example of public relations. Fostered by ethic and a strong conviction, press officers have opted for an open dialogue with journalists rather than for a search of outcomes. The result is a relative satisfaction of work done in those two groups, without any obligation for both of them to renounce to its own objective. Ensue a media narrative relatively balanced, even if it goes more and more negative over the years. Journalists reach that way their information duty by disclosing dysfunctions of this operation. But it also contains every positive symbols about devoted and persistents soldiers, concerned with fulfilling their mission

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Tahvonen, Eryk Emil. "Perpetrators & Possibilities: Holocaust Diaries, Resistance, and the Crisis of Imagination." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07272006-000412/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Jared Poley, committee chair; Alexandra Garbarini , Hugh Hudson, committee members. Electronic text (169 p.). Description based on contents viewed Apr. 30, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-169).

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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.

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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.

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Marks, Michael John. "Avoidant attachment and automatic vs. controlled components of psychological defense /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3269971.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4834. Adviser: R. Chris Fraley. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-78) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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40

廖立宇, Li-Yu Liao, and 廖立宇. "「Defense」or「Self-cultivation」：Cross-cultural Perspectives on Psychological Coping Strategies to Death." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g5vdxw.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
103
Terror management theory proposes that people often adopt defensive mechanisms, such as suppressing thoughts about death and protecting unique cultural worldviews unconsciously, to enhance self-esteem and overcome fear-of-death. Nonetheless, recent empirical studies and meta-analyses concluded that TMT cannot be verified and is not applicable in non-Western cultures, there are some limitations of TMT in predicting and explaining individuals’ fear-of-death in non-Western cultures. To solve this issue, this study put TMT in the Mandala Model of Self（an universal structure which describes human mind and action）and compared the cultural background of TMT with the Chinese traditions, then point out that there are such different ways facing to death in traditional Chinese society. For example, “thinking more about death in the consciously,” “making harmonious relationships between oneself and others, like family, mate, friends…” lead to the heightened cognitive accessibility of death and meaning of life in a Confucian society. 478 participants in Taiwan（represent the traditional Chinese Confucianism characteristics）were recruited for this study. The process of recalling near-death experiences was used to manipulate the participants’ feeling of mortality, then some following death-related situational judgment questions were asked in order to measure the participants’ concepts of coping strategies when faced the feeling of mortality. As predicted, results showed that the fear-of-death reducing process in Confucian society is different from that in Western cultures. People in a Confucian society usually think more about death in the conscious mind and dedicate their lives making harmonious relationships between themselves and others to reduce the fear-of-death. According to recent empirical studies and meta-analyses, TMT is no longer a universal theory as we once believed. As such, we need to take the issue of cultural tradition into consideration while conducting culture-inclusive fear-of-death studies. This study seeks to explain how cultural tradition impacts an individual’s concept of death and to generate new interests in culture-inclusive psychological theories on the topic of fear-of-death in the hope of finding better solutions.

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Munteanu, Mircea Alexandru. "The relationship between psychological types and ego defense mechanisms : subtitle a correlational study." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13665.

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This research project is an exploration of the relationship between psychological types, as derived from Carl Gustav Jung's theory, and ego defense mechanisms, as conceptualized by psychoanalytical theorists ranging from Sigmund and Anna Freud to George Vaillant. The two sets of constructs (4 bipolar typological dimensions and 24 defense mechanisms) were measured using two established self-report instruments: the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Form M (MBTI) and the 88-item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Recruited mostly from a university setting, 213 participants completed the two instruments and answered a few basic demographic questions regarding their age, gender, and education. Given the differing reports in the literature regarding the psychometric characteristics of the DSQ, a principal components analysis was used in Study 1 in order to identify the factor structure of the instrument based on this sample. That preliminary study revealed three conceptually meaningful factors identified as: Maladaptive Defense Style, Neurotic Defense Style, and Adaptive Defense Style. In Study 2, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to identify the contribution made by the psychological type variables and the demographic variables (as predictors) to the explanation of variance in participants' scores on each defense factor and each defense mechanism (as outcome). As hypothesized, knowledge of participants' psychological type increased the ability of regression models to explain and predict respondents' scores on the ego defense measure, when compared to models based only on the demographic variables. Among the significant findings: the Sensing - Intuiting dimension discriminated between the Maladaptive and the Adaptive Defense Styles, with higher Sensing scores being associated with higher scores on the Maladaptive Defenses, such as: Hypochondriasis, Isolation of Affect, Projection, and Splitting. Higher scores on Intuition were associated with higher scores on the Adaptive Defenses, such as: Humour, Sublimation, and Suppression. Introversion was positively associated with the Maladaptive Defense Style, as were the responses of younger participants. The Thinking - Feeling dimension discriminated between lower and higher scores, respectively, on the Neurotic Defense Style. Gender differences were also identified, with males scoring higher on Denial, Isolation of Affect, Omnipotence-Devaluation, and Splitting, as well as on the Maladaptive Defense Style in general. No clinically significant interaction effects were detected. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are also discussed.

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Lowry, Rosamund. "Copying styles and defense mechanisms in adults vicariuosly exposed to violent crime : an explorative study." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/262.

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The primary objective of this research was to initiate exploratory research into the coping styles and defense mechanisms of adults vicariously exposed to violent crime. This research focused on determining the presence, nature and complexity of symptoms in those vicariously exposed to violent crime. Gaining an understanding of the coping styles and defense mechanisms that individuals who are vicariously exposed to violent crime adopt was also a central focus of this study. A psychodynamic theoretical framework was employed. Situating this research within a broader theory of coping was also necessary. Zeidner and Endler's (1996) integrative conceptual framework was used to understand the coping styles that one adopts as being both dispositional and contextual. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with seven respondents (Wengraf,2001). Ulin et al.'s (2002) method of qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze and interpret data. Emotion-focused coping was found to be the prominent form of coping used by the respondents. It appeared that when problem-focused coping fails to alleviate the individual's anxiety, they then engage in emotion focused coping. Two forms of emotion focused coping were identified: adaptive and pathological emotion focused coping. With regards to vicarious trauma symptoms, a variety of five symptoms were evident across the transcripts. It is also necessary to emphasize that respondents experienced variable combinations of symptoms and generally did not experience all of such symptoms. It was concluded that in the presence of the vicarious exposure to violent crime, participants utilized various defense mechanism (such as: splitting, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization and suppression) which inform their coping style and their experience of symptoms of vicarious trauma.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

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Sullivan, Rosemary. "A different kind of fantasy group dynamics and psychological change in male batterers /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/16008.

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Mogale, Phillemon Matsapola. "A psychological well-being profile for junior leaders in the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27002.

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The research focused on constructing a psychological well-being profile for flourishing practices for junior leaders by establishing the relationship between junior leaders' dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations, and organisational commitment) and the flourishing attribute (positive psychological functioning). A nonprobability purposive sampling quantitative method was applied to a sample of South African National Defence Force (SANDF) personnel in Gauteng (N = 458) at junior leadership levels to explore the statistical relationship between their dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations, and organisational commitment) and the flourishing attribute (positive psychological functioning) attribute. Multiple regression analyses indicated the dispositional attributes with the exception of emotional affect as significant predictors of the flourishing variable. The structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated a good fit of the data with the correlation-derived measurement model. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that age, race, gender and years of service as significant moderators of the relationship between the participants‘ dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations and organisational commitment) and flourishing (positive psychological functioning) attribute. Tests for mean differences discovered that participants differed in terms of their age and race. The study made a significant contribution to the bulk of knowledge in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology. On a theoretical level, the study deepened the understanding of the individual and cognitive, affective, conative and relations management dimensions of the hypothesised psychological well-being profile. On an empirical level, the study developed an empirically tested psychological well-being profile that informs flourishing practices for individual junior leaders and organisational levels. On a practical level, dispositional and flourishing practices that inform the dimensions of the psychological well-being profile were recommended.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
Ph. D. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

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Yann, Liou Gow, and 劉國彥. "The Influences of Cognition of Organizational Change and Psychological Counseling on Vigor: A Case of Artillery Air Defense Troops." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57827985002213961671.

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碩士
南台科技大學
高階主管企管碩士班
100
The Department of Defense is trying to implementing a policy of reduction in manpower while at the same time increasing efficiency in its operations. This involves organizational change to reach the goal of organizational restructure and modernization. Over the last few years, vacant positions and decrease in manpower as well as the shift of officer positions to NCO positions have resulted in an insufficiency of manpower in foundation troops. The Artillery Air Defense units are responsible for air defense and national security, however they are forced to face a complicated and varying environment, so that the issue of the cognition of organizational change and vigor is worthy of attention. The purposes of this study is to research the influence of the cognition of organizational change on vigor in Artillery Air Defense troops, using psychological counseling as a moderator, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 226 of them were valid. The results showed as followed: 1. The cognition of organizational change has a positive impact on vigor. 2. Psychological counseling has a positive impact on vigor. 3. Psychological counseling will moderate the relation between cognition of organizational change and vigor. Keywords: cognition of organizational change, psychological counseling, vigor

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Pokroy, Raylene. "Defense mechanisms utilized by patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6764.

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M.A.
The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) differed from non- IBS clients in terms of their defense mechanisms. Although irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders encountered by primary care physicians and gastroenterologists, it is one of the least well understood. Part of the reason for this is the lack of real consensus of opinion regarding the nature of the complaint (Read, 1985). Today it is widely agreed that irritable bowel syndrome is a psychosomatic disorder, that is, a disorder of physiological functioning and anatomical structure, which are determined for most part by psychological factors (Lachman, 1972; Moser, 1986). Evidence linking psychological variables to gastrointestinal disorders is surprisingly sparse, and all too often confusing and contradicting. Such conflicting results probably reflect the many methodological weaknesses common to all areas of study (Bennett, .1989). Although evaluation of the impact of psychological interventions on both symptomatic and psychological relief has been pursued, its findings provide tangential support for the importance of psychological disorders. Nevertheless, these studies have shown a consistency of positive results not found in the etiological research (Read, 1985). Using a variety of techniques, most with the therapeutic goal of stress reduction, psychological therapy has been shown to produce. symptomatic relief, increase periods of remission, and to reduce the impact of stress resulting from severe symptomatic flare ups in IBS (Bennett, 1989). In .addition, most IBS patients may not identify their gut symptoms in psychological terms. Therefore, they inappropriately and repeatedly subject themselves to unnecessary, expensive and harmful medical procedures in search of an organic cause. Further research into the psychological factors of IBS, including the defense mechanisms underlying it may lead to a reduction in type of anxiety (Folkman, Lazarus, Gruen & DeLongis, 1986). The ways in which people cope with intense emotions may have a significant effect on their psychological and physical health. StresS factors and the suppression of emotions, for example through defense mechanisms, are thought to be especially relevant in the etiology and exacerbation of psychosomatic illness (Ogden & Von Sturmer, 1984). The role that defense mechanisms play in the development of IBS forms the cornerstone of the present research.

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Johnson, Valerie Victoria Tigno Herbold John R. Gimeno David. "The association between stress and physical fitness testing in the 2005 Department of Defense population survey." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467326.

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Murphy, Peter Joseph. "Readiness, resilience, and readjustment: a psychological investigation of human factors across the deployment cycle of contemporary peace support operations." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49293.

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Contemporary peacekeeping missions are complex, demanding, and potentially hazardous. There is general agreement that psychological factors are crucial to effective individual and collective performance of the military personnel deployed in support of these missions. This research has examined the human dimensions associated with capability, functioning, and health across the deployment cycle. The aim of this research was to increase understanding of the psychological issues associated with peace support operations at the individual, group, and organisational levels. The study applied precepts of the transactional model of stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to the context of military deployment on peace support operations. The overarching Human Dimensions of Operations model for this research incorporated stressor, buffer, and outcome components within the multi-level structure of the military organisation and across the stages (pre, peri, post) of deployment. Participants were Canadian and Australian military personnel deployed on Peace Support Operations. The dissertation comprised seven chapters. Chapter One provided an introduction to the psychological challenges posed by peace support operations and the research opportunities these missions afford. The second chapter detailed the methodology and psychometric evaluation of several measurement scales that were developed as part of this research in order to address the unique characteristics of peace support operations. Each of the six scales examined proved to have a meaningful component structure and adequate subscale reliabilities. The third chapter was devoted to an examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of psychological climate factors, the Unit Climate Profile (UCP), which was the cornerstone instrument of this research. The UCP demonstrated a robust, multi-dimensional structure that was conceptually concordant with its theoretical development and design. In addition, the component structure of the UCP changed in meaningful ways according to its level of analysis - individual or group. The next three chapters examined human dimension constructs at different stages of deployment, notably psychological readiness for operations, psychological resilience during deployment, and readjustment following return from deployment. In Chapter Four, the most compelling structural model that examined collective psychological readiness demonstrated that perceptions of readiness at the group level, along with effective senior leadership, could significantly impact morale. The results in Chapter Five revealed that leadership both buffered the immediate impact of stressors, and also fostered meaning and morale, thereby reducing strain. Positive aspects of deployment and the personal meaning assumed to be derived from these experiences were also found to bolster morale significantly during deployment. In Chapter Six, the stressors specific to the postdeployment transition phase, rather than stressors encountered during deployment, had the strongest impact on postdeployment adjustment. Social support and a positive psychological climate in the unit (particularly evidenced by cohesiveness and caring behaviour by proximal leaders) moderated the impact of homecoming stressors. A concluding chapter summarised the dissertation and discussed its practical significance and avenues for the dissemination of its findings. Broadly, the outcomes demonstrated that an understanding of the human factors in military units within the context of the stressors-strain relationship can provide potentially useful information to commanders who want to enhance the well-being, performance, and commitment of Service members deployed on peace support operations.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- School of Psychology, 2008

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Hammond, Valerie Jean. "The systems psycho-dynamic manifestations in a self-managing corporate group." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2107.

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This research explored the systems psycho-dynamics or group dynamics manifesting in meetings of a self-managed group within a bank. It also investigated the influence of these dynamics on the group's intra- and intergroup relationships.. The literature review explored the dynamics manifesting in groups in general, and reviewed relevant research that has been conducted. A qualitative study explored how these dynamics are manifesting in this group and how they are influencing the intra- and intergroup relationships. The results indicate that there are complex system psycho-dynamics manifesting in this self-managed group. They are influencing its intra- and intergroup relationships and rendering the group less effective in terms of its achieving its primary task.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
MA (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

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Καραγιάννης, Παναγιώτης. "Η λειτουργία των μηχανισμών άμυνας στη συμβουλευτική διαδικασία στο πλαίσιο της προσωποκεντρικής προσέγγισης. Case study: περιστατικά βιντεοσκοπήμενων συνεδριών του Τμήματος Ψυχοθεραπείας του Νοσοκομείου "St George" του Λονδίνου με τίτλο "Psychological defence mechanisms". Μετάφραση από την αγγλική γλώσσα στην ελληνική και υποτιτλισμός." Thesis, 2005. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3529.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES'

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