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Journal articles on the topic 'PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 July 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Polyakova, O. B., and A. V. Paleckiy. "The Influence of Psychological Defenses on the Psychological Masks of Military Personnel." Uchenye Zapiski RGSU 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-5323-2020-19-3-23-31.

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the article proves that the use of active forms of work (exercises and games) aimed at relieving tension, increasing self-regulation and self-knowledge, developing communication skills, empathy and reflection, and techniques for relieving situational tension and regulating emotional states contributes to the leveling of maladaptive psychological defenses, but does not significantly affect the use of psychological masks. In the experimental group, after a course of training aimed at the formation of adaptive psychological defenses of servicemen, it was revealed: reduction to a low level of such psychological defenses as avoidance, isolation, hypochondria, maladaptive psychological defenses, denial, passive aggression, behavioral response, primitive idealization, restraint, fantasy, reaction formation; raising to the average level of avoidance as the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication; raising to a high level of such psychological defenses as foresight, rationalization, sublimation.

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2

Kuznetsova, O. V., and I. V. Petrushova. "Interrelation of Psychological Defense Mechanisms and Time Perspective during Middle Adulthood." Psychological-Educational Studies 10, no. 1 (2018): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2018100103.

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The article discloses the problem of connection of psychological defense mechanisms and time perspective during middle adulthood. The research was conducted considering the modern ideas of psychological defense mechanisms and time perspective of the personality. As a result of the stating experiment the data confirming existence of correlation between defense mechanisms, temporal orientation, extent of future perspective and event saturation of the different temporal periods have been obtained. High tension psychological defenses and some primitive psychological defenses are associated with a focus on the negative past and fatalistic present; this combination characterizes the personality as insufficiently mature. More primitive defenses are connected with adverse temporal orientation (the negative past and the fatalistic present), more mature - with favorable orientation (future). Results of the study can be used in psychological counseling in order to enhance personal development and social adaptation.

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3

Bibace, Roger, David Marcus, Debra Thomason, and E. Anne Litt. "Teaching Psychological Defenses: An Interactive Computerized Program." Teaching of Psychology 14, no. 1 (February 1987): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1401_9.

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An interactive computerized teaching program with which students learn to analyze behaviors as examples of psychological defense is described. Students are presented with a short paragraph describing a fictional situation in which a defensive behavior is enacted. These behaviors are analyzed in terms of actor-action-object propositions. The transformations in these three terms generate psychological defenses such as projection and reaction formation. Students' satisfaction with the program and their subsequent performance in identifying defense mechanisms indicated that it was useful for developing analytic skills.

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4

Archer, V. E. "Psychological defenses and control of AIDS." American Journal of Public Health 79, no. 7 (July 1989): 876–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.79.7.876.

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5

Sammallahti, Pirkko, Pirkko Lehto-Salo, Hanna Mäenpää, Inkeri Elomaa, and Veikko Aalberg. "Psychological defenses of young osteosarcoma survivors." Psycho-Oncology 4, no. 4 (December 1995): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.2960040405.

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6

LA COUR, PETER. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES OF DANISH MEDICAL STUDENTS." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 190, no. 1 (January 2002): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200201000-00006.

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7

Ivzāns, Igors, and Sandra Mihailova. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN HEALTHY SAMPLE: A PILOT STUDY RESULTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 25, 2018): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3283.

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This article aims to define what kind of relationship exists between pathological traits and defense mechanisms. Primary data, collected from 14th until 30th of March in 2017, was used in this research. Thirty participants (57 % males) in the age of early adultness (from 25 to 39 years, M = 29.9, SD = 3.33) filled in two questionnaires: The Multidimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Perepjolkina, Koļesņikova, Mārtinsone, & Stepens, 2017) and Defense mechanisms questionnaire (Subbotina, 2017). Six of eight analyzed defense mechanisms (repression, regression, rationalization, displacement, denial and psychological projection) showed statistically significant correlation with at least one pathological personality trait both on facet and on domain level. Some weak (p > .05) correlations were found between some personality traits and two left defense mechanisms: reaction formation and sublimation. Most of correlations were with neurotic defenses according to Vaillant (1992) classification, in particular with repression and displacement. All together 26 traits correlated with neurotic defenses. With other defenses, just a few traits correlated – three traits with mature defenses, two traits with immature defenses and two with psychotic defenses. Received results need to be validated in the future studies and may be useful for clinical psychologists for better understanding of their clients.

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8

Soshkin, P. A. "Protective overcoming behavior in naval professionals with signs of occupational burnout." Marine Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-2-74-79.

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Purpose. Evaluation of protective overcoming behavior in naval professionals with (or without) signs of occupational burnout.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 250 naval professionals aged from 25 to 45 years. Subjects were divided into two groups — without (group 1 (n=91 men)) and with (group 2 (n=159 men) signs of occupational burnout who showed strategies and models of coping behavior, psychological defense mechanisms by set of psychodiagnostic tests.Results and discussion. It was found that naval professionals without signs of occupational burnout use more constructive strategies and behavior patterns when coping with stress — active, prosocial and indirect behavior strategy and they represent significantly higher values of developed psychological defenses in comparison with individuals with signs of occupational burnout who use passive, asocial and direct behavior strategies.Conclusion. In order to prevent occupational burnout in surveyed individuals, it is advisable to conduct training in use of constructive coping and the best psychological defenses.

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9

Robson, Gregory J. "Two Psychological Defenses of Hobbes’s Claim Against the “Fool”." Hobbes Studies 28, no. 2 (October 27, 2015): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-02802003.

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A striking feature of Thomas Hobbes’s account of political obligation is his discussion of the Fool, who thinks it reasonable to adopt a policy of selective, self-interested covenant breaking. Surprisingly, scholars have paid little attention to the potential of a psychological defense of Hobbes’s controversial claim that the Fool behaves irrationally. In this paper, I first describe Hobbes’s account of the Fool and argue that the kind of Fool most worth considering is the covert, long-term Fool. Then I advance and critically assess two psychological arguments according to which the Fool’s policy of self-interested covenant breaking is prudentially irrational. The first argument holds that, taken together, the deep guilt from early-stage covenant breaking, the cumulative guilt from continued covenant breaking, and the high statistical risk of detection during high-volume covenant breaking (which increases greatly when one is desensitized to guilt) render the Fool’s policy irrational. The second argument holds that the Fool’s policy is irrational because it puts him at risk of adopting a psychologically intolerable view of his fellow covenanters and, specifically, the extent to which they can be trusted.

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10

Panasenko, E. A., and I. S. Morozova. "THE PARAMETERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CORRELATION TO THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (November 26, 2016): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-4-176-180.

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The article features the problem of correlation between the parameters of psychological defenses and personality characteristics of students. It was found that if the person, when resolving difficult life situations, has resorted to the use of defense mechanisms, such as repression, regression, compensation, substitution or jet formation, this leads to a decrease of flexibility of behavior and refusal to accept themselves as is, an increase of the dependence on the opinion of others, and prevents adequate perception of time. The article defines the dominant mechanisms of psychological defenses among first-year students, such as the mechanism of "projection", "denial" and "intellectualization ". It is proved that self-actualized individuals change their behavior in accordance with the situation and demonstrate a natural expression of emotions and feelings, asking others for support.

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11

Oliensis, David G. "Rational Fears, Irrational Defenses: Psychological Obstacles to Peace." Digest of Middle East Studies 1, no. 2 (April 1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00213.x.

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12

Roze, Janis. "Biopsychology of mimicry games and human psychological defenses." New Ideas in Psychology 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-118x(85)90048-0.

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13

Popova, L. M., and T. S. Pukhareva. "Protective and coping behaviour of representatives of socionomic professions with different professional experience." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 7 (September 9, 2021): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-7-199-204.

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The results of a theoretical and empirical study of psychological defenses and coping strategies of behaviour among employees of social service institutions are presented. The following methods were used in diagnostic procedures: “Life style Index” (R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman) and “Methods of coping behavior” (R. Lazarus and S. Folkman). As a result of the study, the respondents revealed the intensity of psychological defenses of the type “intellectualization”, “reactive education”, “denial” and coping strategies “problem solving planning”, “positive reassessment” and “search for social support”. The correlations of psychological defenses and coping strategies of respondents are interpreted. The specific differences of protective-coping behaviour among employees with different professional experience are shown: employees with up to ten years of experience are more inclined to compensated behaviour, and employees with ten years of experience or more – to self-control, a rational approach to solving difficulties, a responsible attitude to what is happening. The results of the study may be useful in the placement of personnel, in career counseling, in the framework of discourses on professional psychology. And further study of psychological defenses and coping strategies will help to understand the specifics of the professional identity of employees of a socionomic profile.

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14

Weintraub, Lisa. "Inner-city Post-traumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 25, no. 2 (June 1997): 249–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539702500203.

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For the first time, psychiatrists have explicitly recognized the connection between urban violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Using the new DSM-IV definition, this article reexamines the use of the PTSD insanity defense in inner-city criminal cases. After investigating the extent to which inner-city defendants meet the criteria of PTSD, the author outlines how the legal system has applied the PTSD insanity defense in criminal cases and explores the policy implications of those defenses. The author concludes that although many inner-city defendants can meet the medical and psychological criteria of PTSD, the legal system should not encourage such defenses. Instead, the author advocates using knowledge about inner-city PTSD to design creative crime-prevention strategies.

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15

Nicolas, Michel, and Ahmed Jebrane. "Relationships between Coping Strategies and Defense Mechanisms in Sport Performance." Psychological Reports 103, no. 3 (December 2008): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.3.735-744.

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In an exploratory study, the relationships between two major concepts in psychological adjustment, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were investigated. Sport competition is an example of a real-world context in which people's responses to stressful situations can be investigated. The extent to which participants reported different uses of coping strategies and defense mechanisms was assessed in terms of performance. 26 elite kayakers were classified into one of two groups, depending on the discrepancy between their standard performance and their performance in competition. Correlations were found among the coping strategies of seeking social support, positive reappraisal/planful problem solving, and mature defenses and between the coping strategy of distancing/avoidance and immature defenses. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses confirmed a significantly different use of coping strategies and defense mechanisms between the two performance groups. In light of these findings, certain recommendations in terms of methodology and application are warranted. Coping strategies and defense mechanisms should be studied to improve adjustment to sport performance.

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16

Makaricheva, E. V., and M. S. Burguvan. "Psychological characteristics of patients with primary dysmenorrhea." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-760.

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Aim. To study the psychological characteristics of women with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods. We examined 77 women of childbearing age, divided into the main (40 women) and control (37 women) groups. The criterion for inclusion in the main group was a clinically confirmed diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea with a regular menstrual cycle. The exclusion criteria were an organic gynecological pathology, a diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea and an irregular menstrual cycle. The criterion for inclusion in the control group was absolute painlessness of menstruation and the absence of gynecological diseases. The survey was conducted using psychodiagnostic techniques: a method for self-assessment of anxiety, rigidity, and extroversion; test Express diagnosis of the level of self-esteem; a technique for studying accentuation of personality traits; test-questionnaire of psychological defense mechanisms Life Style Index; questionnaire Methods of coping behavior, statistical methods. Also, a specially developed questionnaire was used, including questions related to socio-psychological parameters, as well as the nature and intensity of pain. Results. Significant differences between the groups characterizing coping strategies were found: distance (p 0.002); escape-avoidance (p 0.029); psychological defenses: denial (p 0.006), regression (p 0.011). The subjects of the main group were characterized by significantly high anxiety levels (p 0.020) with the average score 47.21.15 corresponding to a hyperanxious and low self-esteem (p 0.001) with the average score 30.11.43 compared to women in the control group: 42.71.53 average anxiety level and 27.41.31 normal self-esteem. Conclusion. The features of the relationship of the psychological characteristics of women with primary dysmenorrhea were revealed; it was proved that the subjects of the main and control groups differ in the features of coping behavior, psychological defenses and accentuation of personality traits, and also have reliably distinguishable levels of anxiety and self-esteem.

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17

Lynch, Robin M. "Unmasking the Abuse: Psychological Defenses in Child Custody Disputes." Journal of Child Custody 12, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2015): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2015.1102671.

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18

Mahalik, James R., Robert J. Cournoyer, William DeFranc, Marcus Cherry, and Jeffrey M. Napolitano. "Men's gender role conflict and use of psychological defenses." Journal of Counseling Psychology 45, no. 3 (July 1998): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.247.

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19

No authorship indicated. "Review of The Fantasy Bond: Structure of Psychological Defenses." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, no. 5 (May 1987): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/027192.

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20

Fisher, Harwood. "Negation and logic in psychological defenses: A biopsychological perspective." New Ideas in Psychology 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-118x(85)90049-2.

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21

Erkhova, M. V., and L. G. Shumkova. "Study of Peculiarities of Coping Behavior of Cadets- Pilots of Civil Aviation." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-214-229.

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The article substantiates the relevance of the study and development of coping behavior of future civil aviation pilots in the context of their higher professional education. The results of the study are presented, the purpose of which was to determine strength of coping strategies used by cadet pilots in difficult life situations, as well as their types of psychological defenses that «trigger» the mechanism of evading prompt and constructive solutions to personal and professional problems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a stressoriented approach to coping (R. Lazarus, S. Folkman). This approach studies the phenomenon of coping in terms of effectiveness and inefficiency of human interaction with stress factors. As an empirical research method, testing was selected according to the questionnaire «Strategies for coping behavior» developed by a group of scientists from the laboratory of clinical psychology of St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute named after V. M. Bekhterev, and the questionnaire of types of psychological defense (R. Plutchik in adaptation of L. I. Wasserman, O. F. Eryshev [et al]). The effectiveness of these methods is confirmed by the results of their application in examination of various categories of tested persons, by retest reliability, internal and external validity. To determine presence or absence of a linear relationship between a number of values of «Confrontation» coping strategy (as, in our opinion, the most destructive strategy in flight conditions) and a series of values of the most pronounced types of psychological defenses of the respondents identified in the study, the method of parametric statistics was applied, calculation of the Pearson correlation criterion. Based on assessment of strength of the correlation between the coping strategy «Confrontation» and psychological defenses «Regression», «Projection», and «Substitution», the degree of their influence on the nature of interaction of pilots in the flight and cabin crew and on flight safety in general was analyzed.

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22

He, Yan-Feng, Chie-Peng Chen, and Rung-Jiun Chou. "The Key Factors Influencing Safety Analysis for Traditional Settlement Landscape." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123431.

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The secure layout of traditional settlements is key to their sustainability. The criteria and assessment framework for spatial safety have not yet been systematically summarized, and their safety assessment criteria and dimensions have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aims to develop the constructs, assessment framework, and relational network, and analyze the association among and roles of key criteria of the spatial safety of traditional settlements using the Delphi method, DANP (DEMATEL (Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory)-based ANP (Analytic Network Process) method), and IPA (Importance–Performance Analysis) for case studies. Based on the results, this study extracted the localized elements of traditional settlements to create special local settlements. This study found that: (1) the dimensions of spatial safety include spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects, and 16 criteria, eight of which are key criteria; (2) religious beliefs are important and have mutual influence on the organization and source of other criteria; (3) the use of IPA found that key criteria together makes up safe living places. Spiritual defense combines trust with the sense of belonging; the physical defense constructs a spatial environment; and behavioral defense involves daily life activities. Spiritual defense consists of psychological consolation and has a complementary relationship with physical defense. Behavioral defense has a social organizational system, which it reflects in spiritual and physical defenses. The spiritual, physical, and behavioral defenses are related to each other, and are reflected in the psychological, spatial, and living aspects. Overall, when taken together, the spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects of the spatial safety criteria of settlements construct safe living places.

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23

Sorin, A. V. "Analytical Work with a Teenager Close-Up (A Case Study)." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 24, no. 1 (2016): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240109.

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Three psychoanalytical sessions of a teenager with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are described. BPD is interpreted as an independent syndrome, characterized by a specific background, which needs certain strategies of psychological assistance. Characteristics of this syndrome and related psychological defense mechanisms are described. Strategy, tactics and technique of consulting are based on the goal — to enhance the quality of client’s adaptation to reality, which is not identical to the experience acquired in the family. Theoretical basis of consulting is object relations theory; the idea of containment is regarded as a determinant of overcoming primitive defenses and reconstruction of integral perception of reality by borderline personality.

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24

Gavrichkova, A., N. Kravtsova, A. Gerets, G. Terekhova, Yu Mikhailova, and E. Milovidova. "Psychosomatic Behavior Style of Patients With Syphilis in Connection With Their Psychological Defenses." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/62/19.

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The article presents the results of the clinical and psychological study of the styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of syphilis (30 people) took part in the research. The following methods were used: questionnaire “Lifestyle index” by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H. R. Conte; questionnaire of psychosomatic behavior styles by V. М. Byzova, A. E. Loviagina, E. I. Perikova; “Individually typological questionnaire” by L. N. Sobchik; the projective technique “Drawing of a Man”. The patients of the selected group demonstrate the predominance of cognitive and behavioral styles of psychosomatic behavior and such psychological defenses as projection, denial, rationalization. Types of connections that were determined between styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses: the direct connection of the cognitive (r=0.317, P<0.05) and behavioral (r=0.657, P<0.01) styles of psychosomatic response with rationalization; moderate positive connection between the behavioral style of psychosomatic behavior and repression (r=0.380, P<0.05) as well as regression (r=0.398, P<0.05); reverse connection (r= −0.327, P<0.05) between the emotional style of psychosomatic behavior and displacement.

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25

Tsygankov, D., E. Agasaryan, and D. Terekhova. "Psychological Defenses in Patients with Comorbid Panic Disorder and Alcoholism." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71300-8.

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The aim of this study was to examine psychological differences between various groups of patients with comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism (n = 214). We investigated the use of defense mechanisms by life style index of R. Plutchik. Patients of first group (who experienced there first panic attack during withdrawal of alcohol and then has stopped use of alcohol) significantly higher used projection, displacement and repression. Patients, who have originally suffered from panic attacks which they tried to release with the alcohol (second group), significantly higher used projection. Patients who experienced panic attacks only during ingestion of alcohol (third group), significantly higher used denial and repression. Patients with panic attacks during clinical remission of alcohol addiction, who used alcohol to weaken the panic symptoms, which resulted in the heavy alcoholism recurrence (fourth group), significantly higher used repression, projection and denial. So, there were differences between groups on preferred defense mechanisms. the results of the study can help in understanding the pathogenesis of comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism.The study is supported by the President's grant ÌÊ-2670.

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26

Kuftyak, Elena Vladimirovna. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES AND COPING STRATEGIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: SEX DIFFERENCES AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH." SOCIAL WELFARE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 1, no. 10 (December 18, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/sw.v1i10.502.

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<p>The article represents the research, analysed the reviewing of defensive mechanisms and coping strategies in the context of the mental health of pre-school children of different gender. The results obtained through study point to differentiation of psychological defence and coping strategies mechanisms based on gender and the condition of mental health. It is revealed that mentally healthy pre-school age children prefer to use effective and socially upheld coping-strategies, which reduce the pressure through socially upheld behaviour patterns (e.g., through the decent “children’s activity” – play, walk and etc.). Mentally healthy girls more often focus on overcome the difficulties within themselves. Boys, who have emotional symptoms, as usual prefer the destructive emotional expression strategy, that lets to ease the tension. Boys with the low level of anxiety are oriented to the passive distraction, while girls focus on the social contacts. Received results can be used for development of psychological prevention of mental health offences programmes</p>

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27

Faliova, Olena, Anna Kolchyhina, and Yuliia Bilotserkivska. "The Features of Psychological Defenses of Women with Different States of Family Functioning and Family Interaction." Problems of Modern Psychology : Collection of research papers of Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, no. 50 (November 2, 2020): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2020-50.211-235.

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28

McQueen, Amy, Paul R. Swank, and Sally W. Vernon. "Examining patterns of association with defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening." Journal of Health Psychology 19, no. 11 (July 17, 2013): 1443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105313493649.

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To reduce negative psychological affect from information or behavior that is inconsistent with one’s positive self-concept, individuals use a variety of defensive strategies. It is unknown whether correlates differ across defenses. We examined correlates of four levels of defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening. Cross-sectional surveys were completed by a convenience sample of 287 adults aged 50–75 years. Defenses measures were more consistently associated with individual differences (especially avoidant coping styles); however, situational variables involving health-care providers also were important. Future research should examine changes in defenses after risk communication and their relative impact on colorectal cancer screening.

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29

Corti, Lillian. "Colonial Violence and Psychological Defenses in Ferdinand Oyono'sUne vie de boy." Research in African Literatures 34, no. 1 (March 2003): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2003.34.1.44.

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30

Cote, Stephanie, and S. E. Wolfe. "Evidence of mortality salience and psychological defenses in bottled water campaigns." Applied Environmental Education & Communication 17, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1533015x.2017.1399836.

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31

Dubin, William R. "The Role of Fantasies, Countertransference, and Psychological Defenses in Patient Violence." Psychiatric Services 40, no. 12 (December 1989): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.40.12.1280.

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32

Shapiro, Shanti, and George Dominiak. "Common Psychological Defenses Seen in the Treatment of Sexually Abused Adolescents." American Journal of Psychotherapy 44, no. 1 (January 1990): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.1.68.

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33

Kuzenko, Svetlana Sergeevna. "Professional deformation and psychological defense of the personality of a practicing psychologist at different stages of professional activity." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-C (December 30, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-c631p.94-99.

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The study aims to identify the features of professional deformation in practicing psychologists at different stages of professional development and the way to avoid burnout with the help of psychological defenses. The author used the following research methods: questionnaire survey, polling, quantitative and qualitative data analysis; as well as the following statistical methods: descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient. For the mathematical processing of the data, the author used the Microsoft Excel and Statistica 17.0 software, Cattell's 16-factor personality questionnaire, the Giessen questionnaire of psychosomatic complaints, V.V. Boyko's method of diagnosing the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication, and the Rosenzweig frustration test. Having defined the professional deformation of a psychologist as changes in their professional development, the author identified signs of professional deformation, such as emotional burnout, low empathy, average (closer to low) level of adaptation to the social environment, reactions with a fixation on self-defense, intropunitive reactions in case of obstacles, and the use of "Deflection" defense mechanism.

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34

Gori, Alessio, Eleonora Topino, Letizia Palazzeschi, and Annamaria Di Fabio. "Which personality traits can mitigate the impact of the pandemic? Assessment of the relationship between personality traits and traumatic events in the COVID-19 pandemic as mediated by defense mechanisms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251984.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on the lives of people around the world and could be a risk factor for mental health diseases. This study aimed to explore the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying patterns related to post-traumatic symptoms by considering personality and defensive styles. Specifically, it was hypothesized that neuroticism was negatively associated with impact of event, as opposed to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness traits. The mediation role of mature, neurotic, and immature defenses in these relationships was also investigated. This study involved 557 Italian individuals (71.3% women, 28.7% men; Mage = 34.65, SD = 12.05), who completed an online survey including the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Forty Item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) and Ten Item Personality Inventory. Results showed a nonsignificant effect for extraversion and openness on impact of event. The negative influence of neuroticism was instead confirmed in a partial parallel mediation involving significant effects from immature and neurotic defenses in the indirect path. Finally, agreeableness and conscientiousness delineated two protective pathways regarding impact of event, determining two total parallel mediation models in which both these personality traits were negatively associated with immature defensive styles, and conscientiousness was also positively related to mature defenses. These findings provide an exploration post-traumatic symptom patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving the big five personality traits and defense mechanisms. These results may be useful for developing interventions, treatments, and prevention activities.

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Eriksson, Sture. "Impact of the Environment on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006839.

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The underlying causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) can be related to biologic factors, such as changes in brain morphology and neurotransmitter functions, and to personal factors, such as previous personality, psychological defenses, and coping strategies. We must also consider the extent to which environmental factors contribute to the etiology of BPSD.

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V.V., Plokhikh, Yakovleva T.A., and Maier Yu.V. "FUNCTIONAL CONNECTION OF THE CRAVING FOR MUSIC WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES OF STUDENTS." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2020-1-7.

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Bogdanova, Maria V., Irina A. Rusyaeva, and Anastasia O. Vyelgzhanina. "Gender and age aspects of child psychological defenses in child-mother relationships." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 9, no. 3 (2016): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2016.0310.

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Fabrikant, Craig. "Review of The fantasy bond: Effects of psychological defenses on interpersonal relations." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 26, no. 2 (1989): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0085431.

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Corti, Lillian. "Colonial Violence and Psychological Defenses in Ferdinand Oyono's Une vie de boy." Research in African Literatures 34, no. 1 (2003): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2003.0005.

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Doctors, Shelley R. "On The Impact of Psychotherapy on Psychological Growth: The Waning of Defenses." Psychoanalysis, Self and Context 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24720038.2020.1803876.

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Sammallahti, P., M. Kannisto, and V. Aalberg. "Psychological defenses and psychiatric symptoms in adults with pediatric spinal cord injuries." Spinal Cord 34, no. 11 (November 1996): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1996.121.

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Chugunova, N. A., B. A. Yasko, and L. V. Pokul. "Features of lifestyle index in patients with borderline and benign ovarian tumors." Medical alphabet 4, no. 33 (January 23, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-33(408)-57-60.

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The originality of the profile of psychological defenses (c, LSY) of women suffering from borderline and benign ovarian tumors is considered. The concepts of constructive LSY profile and non‑constructive LSY profile are introduced. It is shown that the most pronounced tendency to constructive ego‑defenses is among patients with benign ovarian tumors, which is directly related to the process of restoration of their reproductive potential. In patients representing groups of borderline ovarian tumors, the complexity of the course of the disease, the insufficient success of reproduction is accompanied by subjectively reduced self‑esteem, frustration, which is reflected in the predominance of the non‑constructive profile of LSY.Conclusion. The psychological portrait of patients with benign ovarian tumors, characterized by various types of protective behavior, it is advisable to consider when planning the management of this patient population.

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Хаптанова, Valentina Khaptanova, Ильин, Vladimir Ilin, Гольменко, Aleksandr Golmenko, Выговский, and Evgeniy Vygovskiy. "THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE INCIDENCE OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS AND THE SYNDROME OF PROFESSIONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL DISADAPTATION." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23732.

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The impaired adaptation is a dynamic condition, structurally comprising the combination of independent components: the syndrome of professional-psychological disadaptation (SPPD) (psychological component), morbidity (somatic component), and psychosomatics, including the interaction of the above components. Thus, a psychological compo-nent is the initial phase, and a somatic one, to a more marked degree, leading to further disruptions in the increase of psychological disorders and morbidity, i.e. disadaptation. The study found that the highest rates of the syndrome of professional psychological disadaptatiion are noted in the group with work experience of 0–5 years. The cause is a long period of not working in their specialty, which leads to a decrease in self-regulation, psychological defenses, general theoretical and practical professional level.Preventive work in the organization should focus on psychological trainings, refresher courses or the introduction of mentoring.

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Osimo, Bruno. "On psychological aspects of translation." Sign Systems Studies 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2002): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2002.30.2.15.

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Translation science is going through a preliminary stage of selfdefinition. Jakobson’s essay “On linguistic aspects of translation”, whose title is re-echoed in the title of this article, despite the linguistic approach suggested, opened, in 1959, the study of translation to disciplines other than linguistics, semiotics to start with. Many developments in the semiotics of translation — particularly Torop’s theory of total translation — take their cue from the celebrated category “intersemiotic translation or transmutation” outlined in that 1959 article. I intend to outline here the contributions that the science of translation — following a semiotic perspective opened by Peirce and continued by Torop — can gather from another discipline: psychology. The “totalistic” approach to translation provided by Torop can be more deeply enforced by applying to it the consequences deriving from the psychological insight offered by the concept of “interpretant” as mental sign; the perceptual interpretation of the prototext; reading and writing as intersemiotic translation processes; unlimited semiosis as interminable analysis; primary and secondary process in dreams and in other kinds of translation; metaphor and disambiguation as mental processes; the defenses activated when translation criticism (review) and self-criticism (revision) are made.

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Sarno, I., F. Madeddu, and K. L. Gratz. "Self-injury, psychiatric symptoms, and defense mechanisms: Findings in an Italian nonclinical sample." European Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (April 2010): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.007.

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AbstractIntroductionThis study provides data on the rates, characteristics, and correlates of self-injury (SI) in an Italian nonclinical sample, a population previously unexamined within the SI literature. This study examined the associations between SI and defense mechanisms, as well as the differences between self-injurers (episodic and recurrent) and non self-injurers with regard to the severity and variety of their psychiatric symptoms and psychological distress.Materials and methodsFive hundred and seventy-eight university students (82.5% female; mean age = 22.3; S.D. = 3.4) were administered a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the “Deliberate Self Harm Inventory” for SI, the Response Evaluation Measure-71 for defense mechanisms, and the “Symptom Checklist-90-Revised” for psychological distress and psychiatric symptoms.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen participants (20.6%) reported having engaged in SI at least once during their lifetime. Individuals with recurrent SI (SI ≥ 5) reported significantly higher levels of all psychiatric symptoms and many maladaptive defense mechanisms than individuals without SI. Results also provided evidence for differences between individuals with recurrent and episodic SI.ConclusionResults suggest that recurrent self-injurers are distinguished from both episodic self-injurers and non self-injurers by their greater use of maladaptive defense mechanisms, rather than their lesser use of adaptive defenses. Further, results suggest that recurrent self-injurers differ from episodic self-injurers not in terms of the severity of their psychiatric symptoms, but the variety and number of these symptoms.

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Békés, Vera, J. Christopher Perry, and Brian M. Robertson. "Psychological masochism: A systematic review of the literature on conflicts, defenses, and motives." Psychotherapy Research 28, no. 3 (June 2016): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1189618.

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Bassett, Jonathan F. "Psychological Defenses Against Death Anxiety: Integrating Terror Management Theory and Firestone's Separation Theory." Death Studies 31, no. 8 (August 20, 2007): 727–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180701490628.

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Endlich, Eric. "Teaching the Psychology of Humor." Teaching of Psychology 20, no. 3 (October 1993): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2003_16.

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The study of the psychology of humor integrates such diverse areas as child development, ego defenses, stereatyping, and creativity. In this undergraduate elective, students learned to apply psychological theories of humor to understand both popular humor and experiences in everyday life. The course combined readings, discussions, audiovisual materials, student presentations, and written projects.

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Gardner, Timothy M., Timothy P. Munyon, Peter W. Hom, and Rodger W. Griffeth. "When Territoriality Meets Agency: An Examination of Employee Guarding as a Territorial Strategy." Journal of Management 44, no. 7 (May 4, 2016): 2580–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316642272.

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Do managers behave territorially toward their employees? Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating the prevalence of territoriality over nonagentic organizational resources, key questions remain regarding the extent to which psychological ownership and territorial behavior occur within supervisor-subordinate relationships. To explore this question, we drew on territoriality and mate-guarding theory to ascertain how and why managers might utilize one form of territoriality, anticipatory defenses, toward their employees. In a four-study investigation, we find that managers consistently engage in two forms of anticipatory defense tactics, persuasion and nurturing, that are intended to defend ownership claims over their employees and limit employee defection. Our results demonstrate a positive relationship between psychological ownership of subordinates and employee guarding directed toward those subordinates. We also find that managers engage in employee guarding more when they anticipate an employee is likely to defect, and they adapt guarding tactics in response to the subordinate’s general mental ability. Collectively, our results identify the motivations and conditions under which supervisors act territorially toward agentic subordinates, contributing to theory in territoriality and downward social influence.

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Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia, Gianni Nepa, Tracy A. Prout, Fabrizio Albertini, Stefano Marcelli, Graziella Orrù, and Ciro Conversano. "Stress, Burnout, and Resilience among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Emergency: The Role of Defense Mechanisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105258.

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The experience of working on the frontlines of the COVID-19 healthcare crisis has presented a cumulative traumatic experience that affects healthcare professionals’ well-being. Psychological resources such as resilience and adaptive defense mechanisms are essential in protecting individuals from severe stress and burnout. During September 2020, 233 healthcare workers responded to an online survey to test the impact of demographic variables, COVID-19 exposure, and psychological resources in determining stress and burnout during the COVID-19 emergency. Frontline workers reported higher scores for stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization (p < 0.001) as compared to colleagues working in units not directly serving patients with COVID-19. Mature defensive functioning was associated with resilience and personal accomplishment (r = 0.320; p < 0.001), while neurotic and immature defenses were related to perceived stress and burnout. Stress and burnout were predicted by lower age, female gender, greater exposure to COVID-19, lower resilience, and immature defensive functioning among healthcare professionals (R2 = 463; p < 0.001). Working on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to provoke greater stress and burnout. On the other hand, resilience and adaptive defense mechanisms predicted better adjustment. Future reaction plans should promote effective programs offering support for healthcare workers who provide direct care to patients with COVID-19.

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