Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychological lens'
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Micouin, Guillaume, and Meur Thibault Le. "The management of psychosocial hazards at work throufg the psychological lens." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65459.
Full textPopaitoon, Patchara. "HR-performance linkages through the lens of social exchange." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545341.
Full textGarcia, Yvette D. "Revival types : a look at the leaders of the Great Awakening through the lens of psychological type and temperament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com.
Full textLewis, Sophie. "Mental health through a spiritual lens : recognising its role in psychological interventions and in how we make sense of our difficulties." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16049.
Full textStokes, Carmeda L. "A Case Study Understanding Employability Through the Lens of Human Resource Executives." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589403.
Full textThe purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to examine HR executives' perspectives on employability enhancement for employees and how it is operationalized in their workplace. The exploratory questions that guided the study were, What are the perspectives of HR executives regarding employability enhancement for employees, and In what ways and under what conditions is organizational support of employability enhancement demonstrated through workplace learning initiatives? The conceptual framework for this study is based on Clarke and Patrickson's (2008) list of assumptions concerning employability as the premise for the new employment contract.
Data collected consisted of background questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, organizational documents, and researcher reflective journal notes. Cross case analysis yielded four major themes of "Shared Responsibility," "The Power of Learning Attitude," "Assessment for Growth," and "Resource Availability." These four themes include discussions of the roles and responsibilities for employability, desired employee learning attitudes, recommended assessment activities, and conditions affecting development opportunities provided by organizations. Implications for organizations, their employees, and HRD professionals are described. This study contributes empirical research on today's employment contract based on an employability model from the organization's perspective. It also adds to the body of literature on employability rarely focused on, employability enhancement for employees.
Meniru, Maryann O. "The Influence of Degree of Afroncentric Spirituality on Psychological Help Seeking Attitudes, Intentions and Stigma among Nigerian Americans." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1373308592.
Full textStrömsten, Lotta. "More or less than human : the influence of shame on psychological distress." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50080.
Full textJorjorian, Katelyn, Sheri L. LaDuke, Emma G. Fredrick, Kathleen A. Klik, and Stacey L. Williams. "Do Individuals With a Concealable Stigma Suffer Less Psychological Distress Than Individuals Who Cannot Hide Their Stigma?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8094.
Full textFu, King-wa, and 傅景華. "Do harm or do less harm: identifying and addressing research gaps in media influences on suicidality." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41634123.
Full textMcGlynn, Joseph. "More connections, less connection: An examination of the effects of computer-mediated communication on relationships." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5449/.
Full textBrandt, Grace A. "Physiological and Psychological Effects of an Acute Stressor: Comparing Coping Strategies Among Very Physically Active and Less Active Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500119/.
Full textPaul, Kenneth William. "Correlates of psychological distress amongst adult Inuit in Nunavik, northern Québec = Déterminants facteurs de la détresse psychologique entre les Inuits adultes à Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100201.
Full textMartínez, Catena Ana. "Cambio terapéutico y eficacia del tratamiento psicológico de los agresores sexuales = Therapeutic change and effectiveness of psychological treatment of sex offenders." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399174.
Full textNowadays, sexual abuse or sexual assault crimes generate a great rejection and social alarm, since they constitute as prohibited and criminally punishable acts in the vast majority of countries. Although sexual offenses have a low prevalence in comparison with other known offenses, they need to be considered high-risk criminal behaviours due to their severity and the serious harm they cause the victims (usually women and children). So far, numerous personal and social deficits and deficiencies related to the onset and development of sexual aggression have been described, such as low self-esteem, emotional difficulties, communication and interpersonal deficits, social isolation, victimization experiences, etc. In relation to this, there are currently numerous treatment programs for sex offenders aimed at promoting changes and improvement in individuals’ cognitive, emotional, behavioural and attitude-related dynamic risk factors. Since 1996, the Sexual Offending Control Program (SOCP) is applied in Spanish penitentiary centres. For all of the above, the main purpose of this Doctoral Thesis is the assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of the Sexual Offending Control Program applied in Spanish prisons. Accordingly, the specific objectives of this study are: (a) to review the scientific research on the main criminogenic needs of sex offenders in order to evaluate the extent to which treatment programs contribute to offenders’ therapeutic improvement and related needs; (b) to explore the existence of different typologies of sexual aggressors according to their criminogenic or treatment needs; and, finally, (c) to evaluate change and therapeutic improvement in a sample of sex offenders after their treatment participation. In line with the objectives outlined in this Doctoral Thesis, presented as a compendium of publications, five studies on the assessment and treatment of sex offenders imprisoned in Spain are included. In summary, although the results of these studies need to be interpreted with prudence, the general conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sexual Offending Control Program implemented in Spain is likely to promote changes and improvement in the sex offenders’ therapeutic needs, which could reduce their criminal risk.
Adam, Andréa. "L'évolution et l'orientation de la motivation intrinsèque et extrinsèque chez les élèves roumains." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30001/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to highlight the evolution and direction of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of Romanian pupils throughout the second cycle of general secondary education. For several years the self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985b, 2000) was used to better understand the behavior of students in the school. Ryan and Deci distinguish intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation that vary by type of reward attached to the activity. Self-determination theory is based on three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. The psychological determinants family (parents), institutional (college), and environmental (school system competitive and evaluative) are also likely to influence motivational orientation of students. A first study has sought to analyze the direction and evolution of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The results show the students as more extrinsically motivated rather than intrinsically. In addition, both forms of motivation decrease throughout their school career. A second study aimed to measure the influence of the three basic psychological needs on the intrinsic motivation of students. The results showed that the need for affiliation was most strongly correlated positively to intrinsic motivation. Two recent studies have sought to highlight the relationship between perceived autonomy of students by parents and teachers and their intrinsic motivation. The results confirm the positive influence of these two determinants on the intrinsic motivation of students. Finally, these results will be discussed including the role of psychological determinants in this research and the work on the normativity of intrinsic motivation
Vargas-Prada, Figueroa Sergio 1976. "Role of psychological and culturaly influenced risk factors on symptoms and disability for musculoskeletal disorders. CUPID study (Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287976.
Full textEsta tesis doctoral está basada en la muestra española del Estudio Internacional “Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability” (CUPID) Este estudio multicéntrico es coordinado por el Profesor David Coggon de la Universidad de Southampton (Reino Unido), y el proyecto se centra en 47 grupos ocupacionales (enfermeras, trabajadores de oficina y trabajadores manuales) de 18 países. Al principio estaba previsto que cada país participante incluiría los tres grupos de trabajo antes mencionados. Sin embargo, la muestra española del estudio CUPID está compuesta sólo por enfermeras y trabajadores de oficina; por razones logísticas, no fue posible acceder a los trabajadores de correos que realizaban tareas de clasificación de correo. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo evaluar la importancia de las creencias sobre la salud, salud mental, y la tendencia a somatizar como predictores de la incidencia y persistencia de dolor músculo-esquelético y para investigar si estos factores de riesgo psicológicos influyen principalmente en el desarrollo y la persistencia del dolor, o si su impacto es más en la discapacidad que provoca el dolor músculo-esquelético. El conjunto de datos del estudio se recogió en el lugar de trabajo, tanto al inicio del estudio (entre Noviembre de 2007 y Febrero de 2010), como después de un intervalo de seguimiento de 12 meses, en cuatro hospitales (Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Consorcio Hospitalario Parc Taulí y el Parc de Salut Mar) y una universidad (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) en Barcelona. Para ser incluidos en el estudio, los participantes debían tener entre 20 a 59 años y haber estado en su puesto de trabajo por lo menos los últimos 12 meses. Se obtuvo consentimiento informado escrito en todos aquellos que aceptaron participar, y proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Parc de Salut Mar en Barcelona y el Comité de Seguridad y Salud de cada centro participante. Tanto los cuestionarios basales como del seguimiento fueron redactados originalmente en Inglés, traducido al español, y luego retro-traducido al inglés. Los participantes fueron entrevistados al inicio del estudio sobre sus características socio-demográficas y de estilo de vida, condiciones de trabajo actuales, salud mental y tendencia a somatizar, creencias sobre la salud aplicables al dolor y la presencia de dolor músculo-esquelético en el último mes y en el último año en seis zonas anatómicas diferentes (espalda, cuello, hombros, codos, muñecas/manos y rodillas). El dolor fue clasificado como discapacitante si se reportaban 1 o más actividades cotidianas difíciles o imposibles de realizar. A los 12 meses de seguimiento, se volvió a entrevistar a los participantes sobre la presencia de dolor en el último mes y la discapacidad asociada. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión log-binomial y logística multinomial multinivel para explorar las asociaciones de los factores de riesgo basales con el dolor al seguimiento.
Tokpa, Louopou Rose. "Les mots-valises en espagnol." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30067.
Full textThe focus of our work is on “portmanteau words”. Indeed, results of studies of semantics and structural lexicology have shown that there is no sign that is not derived from another sign and therefore of lexical creation which is not a reminder of already existing structures. At the heart of reflection on the motivation of the sign, a portmanteau word represents the sign grasped in its totality and its segmentality. To understand the technique of the arrangement that leads to the formation of words, Alain Finkielkraut, argues that it is paramount to transgress the linearity of the sign by reciting one’s speech lesson backwards. The portmanteau word considers this assumption seriously considering that in reality words contained in the dictionary constitute stray pieces of an unknown lexicon. Henceforth, a word is no longer a group of different sounds corresponding to a meaning, a passive vehicle carrying a signification as taught by the old grammar dictionary. This is why Freud and Saussure have clearly demonstrated in a peculiar way, that through the mechanism of the slip, the meaning of a word can also be understood by metanalysis for one, and by anagrammatic derivation for the other. Thus, whatever the process, the analog mechanism remains the same, ensuring the fusion of sound and meaning. Finally, the purpose of this thesis will be to explore, in the context of a semiological study, the mechanisms at work in the formation of portmanteau words as well as the effects of meaning and generated style by this type of creation
Gros, Lucio C. "Politiques d'identification et de développement des potentiels humains dans les organistions: facteurs de réussite et d'échec." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210752.
Full textAudino, Palma. "Les problématiques identitaires chez les femmes atteintes d’endométriose." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20021.
Full textStudy IThe psychological functioning in women affected by endometriosisObjective. To investigate the articulations of the relationship between psyche-body, the mental functioning and to the psychological experience of women affected by endometriosis.Hypothesis. Women affected by endometriosis, would be have an inequality of the psychic functioning and they have difficulties in the management of the feelings and of the own physical representation. The somatic dimension of the feminine is negative and threatening.Participants. Participants are twenty women, met in period of April-October, 2010 at the gynaecology service of the ARNAS Hospital Civico of Palermo. Tools. Psychological consult; and Test of Rorschach. Resulted. From the analysis of Rorschach protocols it is possible to stress some common points:- defect of associative and symbolization process,- difficulty in the affectivity management.- somatic fears.- unstable mood.Study IIThe self discrepancy in women affected by endometriosisObjective. To investigate the self discrepancy concerning the maternal and seductive representation in women affected by endometriosis. To underline the possible effects of moderation of the self discrepancy on the link between endometriosis and depression. Hypothesis. The endometriosis is not a direct cause of a psychological suffering; the relation between these two variables could be moderated by personality factors.Tools. - ISDI "integrated Self-Discrepancy Index" Hardin et Lakin 2009 - Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Beck et al.1961Conclusions. The endometriosis leads to the depression only in women who, at the same time present discrepancy of the self maternal representation, only if they perceive themselves as bad and inappropriate, real or imaginary, mothers
Didi, Alaoui Mohamed. "Les effets opposés de la distance psychologique sur les réponses du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques : le rôle modérateur du besoin de justification." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0247.
Full textPsychological distance is pervasive in the consumer’s mind and impacts their attitude and behavior toward hedonic products. However, the literature is inconsistent regarding the direction of the effects of psychological distance on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. In fact, one part of the research suggests that increasing psychological distance positively impacts consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. Whereas another part of the literature proposes the opposite effect. The aim of this research is to reconcile this inconsistency by examining under which conditions psychological distance can have positive or negative effect. We suggest that the degree of prominence of need to justify (non-salient vs salient), which a consumer experiments during the evaluation of hedonic products, moderates the effect of psychological distance and constitutes the condition under which psychological distance can have a positive or a negative impact on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. In order to test our research hypotheses, we carried out three experiments. The first two experiments show that in the condition of a non-salient need to justify, the increase of psychological distance has a negative impact on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. The third experiment suggests that in the condition of a salient need to justify, the increase of psychological distance has a positive impact on consumer’s response toward hedonic products
Lienhart, Noémie. "Comprendre et accompagner les mères et les pères d'adolescents sportifs de haut niveau : quelles répercussions sur les ressources psychologiques des sportifs ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1227/document.
Full textParents play a crucial role in their child’s sporting experiences. However, many examples outlined from the media have shown that parental support is not always appropriate. Besides, researchers have currently focused on the influence of parents in sport. Their involvement could sustain their child to cope with the demands of their dual careers in sport and education. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to understand and support parents of elite adolescent athletes. The first chapter presents a literature review on the topic. Then, three chapters detail the studies completed to meet the objective.The second chapter quantitatively explored parents’ behaviors and their influence on specific psychological variables of athletes. It showed that the most appropriate parental involvement to the athlete’s development corresponds to a moderate involvement from both parents: encouragements, and few pressure and directive behaviors. The third chapter qualitatively examined factors inducing parental involvement. Analysis revealed that parents feel different organizational, developmental, competitive and personal stressors mainly perceived as being difficult to manage. In order to cope with these concerns, parents rely on various strategies that they themselves implement but also on strategies carried out by family and sport center. However, according to them, the latter are not always effective. The fourth chapter presents an intervention study that evaluated the effectiveness of a support program. The results showed that the program positively influences parents’ experiences. They also highlighted the difficulties to create parental behavioral changes perceptible by athletes.Based on results of the six studies conducted with 1595 parents and 919 athletes, new directions of research are discussed. Practical recommendations to foster an appropriate parental involvement to the athlete’s development are also shared
Essig, Elena. "Les facteurs de développement de la propriété psychologique : une étude longitudinale à l'armée de l'air." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1001/document.
Full textThis work investigates the development of three types of PO - Organizational Psychological Ownership (OPO), the Collective Organizational Psychological Ownership (PPOC) and Psychological Ownership towards the group (POGR) and their fluctuation over time in a public organization - the French Air Force. We test a model using structural equation modeling. The fluctuations in PO levels are tested using analysis of variances. The quantitative data were collected from three cohorts of 100 non-commissioned officers each, at three different phases of the military training process. The results of the study show a variability of the antecedents of the three types of PO that depend on the training phases. Even though the OPO and COPO have similar antecedents, they do not evolve in the same way. The feelings of POGR are most developed and depend on the group cohesion. There are significant downward fluctuations in PO levels over time
Chrysikou, Styliani. "Vocabulaire psychologique dans les drames conservés d’Euripide." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040255.
Full textOur Doctoral Dissertation proposes an analysis of the Euripides’ psychological terms. By “psychological” we mean everything that has to do with the psyche, the Greek concept of the soul, and helps us describe it. We have divided our work in three parts: 1. The vocabulary of the soul, 2. The intellect, 3. The emotions. Firstly, we have identified and classified the main meanings of the psychological terms, their nuances as well as their metaphorical use, and this in reference to the context in which they are used. Secondly, based on the results of our first examination, we have tried to induce some more general conclusions about the sense and the significance accorded to each notion by the tragic poet. According to our analysis, it appears that Euripides’ ultimate goal was above all to describe the richness of the human soul without reducing it into strict categories or oppositions, and thus, inevitably reductive. The most salient element of his work is probably the ambiguity that translates in his tragedies the human complexity
Faure, Vérane. "Les simulateurs de conduite : évaluation de la validité psychologique sous l'angle de la charge mentale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS590/document.
Full textThe validity of driving simulators is an essential subject to support and highlight the works aiming to understand driving behaviours more thoroughly. While the subjective and behavioural dimensions of that validity have often been studied, they encounter a few limits. On the other hand, studies about simulators’ validity are fairly rare. This dimension compares the implication of mechanisms inherent in behaviours between real and virtual driving. Furthermore, very few studies have considered the various dimensions of validity at once, whereas it could contribute to the development of a metrology for virtual environments. This thesis is precisely about this, with confrontations between classical measurements of behavioural validity (speed, lateral control) and measurements of psychological validity, examined from the viewpoint of mental workload - using indicators such as eye blinking. The main objective was to ascertain whether the mental workload levels vary between road driving and simulated driving when the observed behaviours aren’t relevant to make a clear difference.To answer this question, this thesis has been organised around three experiences carried out on driving simulators and a comparison between actual road driving and low-cost simulated driving. Two of those experiences were conducted to finely analyse the effect of some factors inherent to open road driving (traffic, environment) on driving behaviours and mental workload. The third experience was made to compare the mental workload induced by real driving and low-cost simulator driving, by putting this psychological validity measurement against classical behavioural measurements. Lastly, the fourth experience focused on the effects of the driving wheel’s force-feedback on this same mental workload.The main results revealed a higher workload level on simulated driving than on real driving, while some behavioural measurements (speed) were not different. This increased workload with the simulator does not seem to stem from the wheel’s force-feedback, since the tested feedback methods did not have a repercussion on the workload levels. In the end, this work confirms that taking psychological validity - examined here from a mental workload viewpoint - does have an interest within an evaluation process to analyse in a finer fashion the mental state of users when faced with a virtual reality system. It creates prospects to improve the validity of driving simulators
Rouzeau, Eric. "Essai sur l'application de l'intelligence économique au fonctionnement des organisations : une réponse par les lois de Greene." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0044/document.
Full textThis work is part of the search for limits of the scope of economic intelligence. By a theoretical and then practical construction, the author seeks to demonstrate the existence of internal economic intelligence.To construct the defended thesis and the research question, the author uses the method MERISE, based on the system, which allows to model the three levels of the physical, logical, conceptual) and the existing links. On the basis of the facts, it obtains by successive approaches the academic elements (trust, ethics, strategy, economic intelligence, links within the organizations) making it possible to schematize the conceptual and logical levels. After studying these elements, he draws up a new scheme and indicates the thesis defended and the research question.To answer the research question, the author convenes Greene's Laws and seeks to raise these Laws through the signatures of their jobs. This field study is carried out on a sample of convenience of ten people. This research validates the existence of internal economic intelligence. It also reveals the observed economic intelligence situation. Finally, the path taken to realize it also puts forward a reflection on the ethical positioning for economic intelligence
Indoumou, peppe Charlay. "Bien-être chez les personnes âgées : une étude interculturelle : Gabon-France." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H014.
Full textPsychological health of older people is now a major concern. This thesis is part of cross-cultural perspective in two countries : Gabon and France. It aims to examine the determinants of the psychological well-being of Gabonese and French older people through individual factors (for example, personality and motivation), environmental factors (forexample, culture and social relations) and how the elderly person interacts with their socialenvironment. The Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 2002) served as support, as itexplains how personal goals and environmental factors can influence satisfaction of basicpsychological needs and personal well-being, regardless of their age.The results in studies 1 and 2 indicated that psychological well-being among Gaboneseand French older people is determined by personality dimensions, relationships with others(perceived social support and compassionate love) and extrinsic motivation. In Study 3, wevalidated a scale for measuring the satisfaction of psychological needs in the elderly. Finally, the results of Study 4 indicated that psychological well-being is influenced by culture and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. However, effects of individualism and collectivismseem more significant among Gabonese older people.Overall, these results are in line with previous studies. It bring additional knowledge regarding the importance of relationships with others on older people psychological wellbeing.Moreover, our results support the self-determination theory perspective concerning the universality of the psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness
Soufflet, Audrey Emilie. "Les politiques de rétribution globale au service de la performance des agents publics : une analyse par la théorie du contrat psychologique dans les collectivités territoriales françaises." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1130.
Full textThe French public sector has implemented for several years some policies aiming to reward public employees regarding to their performance. The mixed results of these initiatives led to question the relevancy of the pursued objectives (performance criteria) as well as the relevancy of the process and of the tools used for evaluating employee performance (policies, evaluation, tools, and so on). One of the most important results is probably the absence of a motivational impact of a performance-based remuneration. In this regard, our research aims to extend the concept of performance-based remuneration to the concept of total reward, including extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. We select the “psychological contract” framework of analysis to understand the impact of a total reward, within French local organizations, on public employees’ attitudes. We especially collect employees’ implicit expectations and perceptions for understanding the realization of the “psychological contract” and its impacts on the dyad employee-manager. Our results confirm the limited impact of extrinsic rewards for enhancing employee performance, captured through their attitudes. They show, on the contrary, the importance of intrinsic rewards for employee attractiveness and loyalty. We conclude that extrinsic and intrinsic rewards should be carefully combined by managers within a global and planned rewarding strategy appropriate to each local organization’s characteristics
Joons, Caroline. "Comment le fantastique apparaît-il dans les nouvelles de Guy de Maupassant ?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25471.
Full textThis essay is a study of different novels of Guy de Maupassant with a focus on the elements of the fantasy genre. We are going to study the novels of this author that are named Sur L’Eau, La Peur, Magnétisme, Apparition, Lui, La Main, L’Auberge et Le Horla. We will try to describe how the fan-tasy appears in the studied novels. To do this, it will be necessary to define the fantasy as a literary genre before seeing how the fantasy operates where it appears in the studied novels. We will also make short comparisons of the novels with each other’s in order to compare the different elements of the fantasy. Our analysis will focus on various elements. We shall point out in particular how the fantasy appears from a material point of view, from a psychological point of view and from a linguis-tic point of view. On the other hand, we will analyse two essential elements in the fantasy genre, which are the theme of the double as well as that of fear.
Rossano, Maryline. "La santé au travail dans les fonctions publiques territoriale et hospitalière : une approche par les ressources." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG008/document.
Full textStress, burnout, well-being, work conditions, psychosocial risks, occupational health covers multiple notions. We choose to consider health according to the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2001). Its major contributions consist firstly in considering health not only from a pathogenic aspect but also from a salutogenic one (Abord de Chatillon, 2005 ; Neveu, 2007, 2012 ; Richard, 2012). Secondly, it proposes to study health as a whole process including its internal and external aspects. The issue of this study is to analyse both the process of maintenance and decline of occupational health in the specific public context. For several decades, this sector has been undergoing major transformations with New Public Management reforms. Although economically necessary this rationalization results in work intensification which influence work organization and health of public agents. Thus, our qualitative study through the three articles considers that occupational health is a dynamic process (in which individuals, collective and organization participate) expressed through the relationship to resources. Our thesis offers several contributions to help identify new organizational resources, to highlight the process of resource mobilization and the proactive capacity, to explicit the spiral process and to confirm the link, not sufficiently explored, between the NPM and job stress
Grimaud, Élisabeth. "Effets de programmes de stimulation cognitive par les activités de loisir sur les fonctions cognitives et la santé psychologique chez l'adulte âgé." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2028/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to test the possibility to improve cognitive functioning (working memory, episodic memory, speed of processing, executive functions) and psychological health (self-esteem, memory complaint, satisfaction of life) with leisure activities during aging. The present work was based on four programs using leisure activities, from unimodal to multimodal composition including pretests and posttests and compared to control groups. Globally, results show that the programs heterogeneously improve cognitive performances and provide evidence of benefits transfer to psychological health, except for the unimodal program. Overall, results show that unimodal cognitive training only improve cognitive functioning (Experience 1), whereas playful and multimodal interventions improve psychological health and influence cognitive performance (Experiences 2, 3, et 4). Eventually, our results show that leisure activities during lifespan are associated with a better psychological health (Experiment 3), improve subjective well-being and help to better adapt to ageing. This work supports the idea that leisure activities during life span are in line with psychological health. It also highlights that multimodal cognitive interventions contribute to successful ageing more than unimodal programs
Kohn, Laurence. "Etude psycho-socio-épidémiologique de la consommation de cannabis chez les adolescents." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211209.
Full textBellon-Champel, Laura. "Dynamique familiale et stratégies d'adaptation chez les parents d'adolescents présentant un usage problématique de cannabis : facteurs associés à la détresse psychologique parentale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB227.
Full textIntroduction: the period of adolescence is the age group for which cannabis use is highest in France. Cannabis use in adolescence is an important stressor for parents. The first aim of the present study was to better identify specific family dynamics and coping strategies (individual and dyadic) mobilized by parents of adolescent cannabis users. Second, was to investigate the factors associated with psychological distress (family dynamics, coping strategies). Method: during this quantitative and qualitative study, 50 parents consult for a problematic adolescent cannabis use and 67 control parents answered at a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES IV) and the Family Relationship Index (FRI) to assess family dynamics, the Brief Cope to estimate situational coping strategies and dyadic coping Inventory (DCI) to address the dyadic coping strategies mobilized by the sample's parents couple. Results: parents of adolescent cannabis users had a high psychological distress and have obtained significantly different scores on the dimensions of family dynamics, compare at parental control group. Thus, family functioning of parents of adolescent cannabis users was defined as cohesion and lower communication capabilities but also high intensity conflict from parents in the control group. A dimension of family dynamics (conflicts) and four situational coping strategies (expressing feelings, blame, substance use, behavioral disengagement) were positively related to psychological distress. Dyadic coping strategies (communication about the stress, negative strategies, ect) were positively related to psychological distress experienced by parents couple. Conclusion: these results show the interest of better understanding the experiences of parents facing the adolescent problem cannabis use and suggest directions for future supported
Roche, Florentin. "Les niveaux psychologiques de Platon : une théorie de la connaissance d'après la cybernétique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3038.
Full textThis research intends to demonstrate the existence of what we call "psychological levels" in Plato's philosophy, taking from the theory of logical types, formulated by B. Russel and A.N. Whitehead, then restyled by the anthropologist G. Bateson, inside the cybernetic movement. By "psychological levels", we mean psychic states of being in relation with reality under an analogical scheme. We defend the argument that Plato’s theory of Forms does not imply degrees of reality in the thing but a process of realization of the object in itself through the subject experiencing it. As such, psychological levels refer to levels of learning what is reality. Thus, the Socratic dialectical method accompanies the soul’s progress, driven by the intellect, thanks to reason which relates and distinguishes the sensible phenomena. This double function characterizes what language is and gives reason for the movement of thought. Succession and repetition of the adjustments made from the experience of the thing lead to a better definition of the Form of the object in itself, i.e. a clearer acquisition of the intelligible part of the thing that is passing through its sensible expression. Hence, Plato’s theory of knowledge stands like a process theory more than a content theory, by conducting the search for truth from the inner theatre of our representations, limited by a lifetime and the space of a body, to the spectacle of the infinite. Furthermore, since there is only one path in order to think what exists in reality, the psychological research into the causes of thyself necessarily fits in the philosophical research into the causes of the world — a cosmology
Wodociag, Sophie. "Les cadres pendulaires à l'international : caractérisation et analyse de leur relation au travail." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA021/document.
Full textManagers who commute internationally represent an emerging category of personnel. During their international missions, they commute weekly between their headquarters and other worldwide locations. They are neither expatriates, nor sedentary managers. Who exactly are they? What organizational policies and procedures have been implemented to manage and help them? Are their difficulties known and recognized? So many questions that the literature has not yet addressed, whereas the use of shortterm international mobility has increased by 10% since 2002 and a further mobility intensification is foreseen? in the next five years (20% increase). Following an exploratory objective, our research focused on the characterization of the managers who commute internationally and their relationship with the workplace. We utilized several methods (qualitative and quantitative methods, use of the diary study) and complementary theoretical frameworks (Job-Demands – Resources Model (Demerouti and al., 2001) and Psychological Contract (Rousseau, 1989)). Our work consisted of three studies. The first quantitative study (1.841 participants), lead through a partnership with APEC, examined the contours and characteristics of the managers who commute internationally, highlighting the similarity of their level of exhaustion and emotional well-being with that of national commuters and sedentary managers. It confirmed that this category of personnel, more diversified than the expatriates, more feminized, experts as well as managerial profiles, was characterized by a specific behavior. Through the collection of life stories (1 0 participants), the second study defined the psychological contract of the managers who commute internationally: those that sacrificed their time, to the detriment of their private life, in exchange of professional career and enrichment. Conflicts between private and professional life emerged when the international commuting threatened the family well-being; in this situation, spousal support was considered a primary resource. The third study (30participants), a diary study, highlighted the importance of certain resources to manage daily this kind of mobility: professional opportunities, development and psychological detachment limited the burnout level during the mission. Finally, recommendations were addressed in order to improve the organizational valorization of the managers who commute internationally. Indeed, these later are the intermediary between the headquarters and the subsidiaries of multinationals, they diffuse the organizational information and culture. They represent a fundamental intangible value that the organization has to care of
I quadri pendolari internazionali rappresentano una categoria di personale emergente. A seconda delle loro missioni internazionali, viaggiano ogni settimana tra la loro sede di lavoro e altri paesi per il mondo. Essi non sono né degli espatriati e né dei quadri tradizionali. Chi sono realmente? Quale strumento di gestione ha implementato l’azienda per inquadrarli? Si conoscono le loro difficoltà ? Sono queste prese in considerazione dall’azienda? Tante domande che la letteratura non ha ancora affrontato, mentre l'uso della mobilità internazionale a breve termine è aumentato del 10% dal 2002 e tenderà ad intensificarsi ulteriormente nei prossimi cinque anni, con una crescita prevista del 20%. Con un obiettivo esplorativo, questa ricerca si interessa alla caratterizzazione dei quadri pendolari nella mobilità internazionale e della loro relazione con il lavoro. Lo studio è basato su un insieme di metodologie diversificate (metodologia qualitativa, analisi di dati quantitativi, uso del metodo diary study), su dei modelli teorici di analisi complementari (il JD-R Model (Demerouti et al., 2001) ed su il contratto psicologico (Rousseau, 1989). 3 studi complementari sono stati condotti. Il primo studio quantitativo (1 841 partecipanti) è concentrato sull'esame dei contorni e caratteristiche dei quadri pendolari internazionali, mettendo in evidenza la similarità del loro livello di esaurimento e di benessere emotivo con quello dei pendolari nazionali e quadri sedentari ; ha confermato che questa categoria di personale, più diversificata degli espatriati, più femminilizzata, includendo dei profili sia di esperti che di manager, si comporta in un determinato modo. Attraverso la raccolta di storie di vita (10 partecipanti), il secondo studio, a sua volta, ha definito il contratto psicologico dei quadri pendolari internazionali, essi sacrificano (a discapito della loro vita privata) il loro tempo in cambio di una evoluzione e di un arricchimento professionali. I conflitti tra le sfere di vita emergono quando il pendolarismo internazionale minaccia il benessere delle famiglie; il sostegno del coniuge si presenta allora come una risorsa fondamentale. Infine, il terzo studio (30 partecipanti), di tipo diary study, ha evidenziato l'importanza di alcune risorse per la gestione quotidiana di questo tipo di mobilità: opportunità di sviluppo professionale e distacco psicologico potrebbero contenere il livello di esaurimento professionale durante le trasferte. Infine, sono state suggerite delle raccomandazioni affinché le organizzazioni imparino a valorizzare questa categoria di personale che, facendo spola tra la sede centrale e le filiali delle multinazionali, è portatrice dell’informazione e della cultura dell’ organizzazione e costituisce un rilevante valore immateriale dell’azienda stessa
Sirois-Leclerc, Héloïse. "Les activités organisées comme contextes de développement positif : Un examen des liens entre la participation et le développement psychologique et émotionnel de la jeunesse." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36143.
Full textOuattara, Kiyali. "Les contrats psychologiques des comptables libéraux aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1216/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the forms of commitment and provides an answer to the question: What is becoming of the normative contract of chartered accountants in a context of change of their profession? We crossed two theoretical fields: that of the organizational behavior with the theory of the psychological contract and the sociology of the professions with the integrated model of De Rozario (2006). We conducted 20 qualitative interviews with chartered accountants and mobilized an analysis grid based on the psychological contract theory that takes into account human and non-human contract makers. The results allow us to say that despite the current contractual violations and transitions, the profession of liberal accountants continues to lead to a commitment through its normative contract. The latter comprises three individual psychological contracts which are transactional, transitional and relational contracts. Current changes are leading to increasingly complex transactional psychological contracts with networks of experts and a relational psychological contract with management tools, especially digital devices, to respond to the crisis they face. Finally, the relational contract with the profession reduces today to its diploma component, moving towards relational contracts of expert networks of proximity
Van, der Linden Nicolas. "Une approche psychosociale de l'expression, de la réception et de l'exposition sélective aux informations cohérentes avec les stéréotypes sociaux: de la mention de l'origine ethnique ou nationale des criminels dans les médias." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209698.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Pellissier, Jérôme. "Les troubles du comportement dans les syndromes démentiels : quelles conceptions pour quel prendre-soin ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20114.
Full textThe “behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia” (BPSD) present, in the daily care of people with dementia, greater difficulties than other types of disorders, including cognitive. Literature and studies on these BPSD had so far not been critically reviewed to take stock of their definition and interpretation of these disorders and the prevention guidelines and appeasement which are proposed.This work, placing itself under the aegis of a phenomenological concept of dementia as developed by the English social-psychologist Tom Kitwood, will follow several key steps to better understand the different dimensions which are the origin of these disorders: changes in schools cognitive, mood alterations, environmental and psycho-social factors (stigmatization and exclusion in particular).These initial steps will lead a second time to present some of the tracks developed by several authors, including Louis Ploton, Tom Kitwood and his colleagues of the Bradford Dementia Group, to prevent these problems by developing a suitable care and a prosthetic environment.Then back to the heart of conceptions and definitions of BPSD. In order to approach them with a different look and better express what they perceive, what they tell us, what they call as philosophies and approaches of taking care
Blanc, Emilie. "Du « grand dialogue » au quotidien numérique : des stratégies de communication à la Poste." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2022/document.
Full textThis text deals with digital literacy at the French Post Office Company. As the firm worried about stress at work, a “Grand dialogue” was organized to estimate this level and take actions against it. At the same time, using this corporate communication, the company settled the “Lean management” to change the organization. On this occasion, that was an opportunity for a social worker to join a working group and study with an action-research the consequences for workers on their mental suffering.Besides after considering the links between psychological risks and digital literacy, he showed that it was not true for the postal workers. Indeed the actions that had been put in place in the company were effective help and much more, that the communication of organisations is a protection against psychological risks and social exclusion.However the action-research shows that the social workers were actually suffering from psychological risks and then they had set up strategies by using technologies to get better
Tang, Minmin. "Âge subjectif, satisfaction des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux, motivation et bien-être chez les personnes âgées : une étude interculturelle Chine / France." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2019/2019LIL3H052.pdf.
Full textThis doctoral work is part of the context of aging and in an intercultural perspective. With a view to accompanying elderly people according to their culture, its purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of psychological well-being (PWB), in the Chinese and French cultural contexts.Two studies have been conducted with populations from Chinese culture and French culture, the first soliciting elderly people living at home and the second elderly living in institutions.The first study focuses on the contribution of subjective age and basic psychological needs satisfaction to PWB within the framework of self-determination theory (SDT). The second reports the effects of an autonomy-supportive environment on the PWB of elderly people living in institutions, in China and France.The results of the first study firstly confirmed the relevance of SDT for Chinese culture in the field of aging. In coherence with the SDT and previous studies, it confirmed the contribution of subjective age and basic psychological needs satisfaction to PWB of the elderly.Consistent with SDT, the results of our second study showed a positive association between the basic psychological needs satisfaction during a leisure activity and the PWB of the elderly living in institutions, in China and France. In contrast, this study did not show significant effect of the autonomy-supportive environment (proposing freedom of choice) on the PWB
Pavlic, Annie. "La prise en compte des risques psychosociaux par les managers : les processus soutenant l'action des encadrants en santé au travail." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20128/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the processes supporting the action of managers and supervisors on occupational health. We used our experiences of professional interventions with team supervisors to question this issue. A first study questions the impasses of the concept of psychosocial risks to consider the action of managers on occupational health of the team members. Then, a second study investigates the operational concept of the psychological dynamics of the job related to discussion about work. For the third study, we test different management devices through discussion using a research-action methodology in an establishment for elderly dependents (EHPAD). Analysis of the results of this third study brings out the resistance to discussion. This requires individual learning, collective and organizational work for discussion with supervisors, teams and stakeholders involved in health at work (management, health professionals at work, social partners). Based on these results, we define the requirements for discussion spaces and the role of supervisors in order to develop psychological health of team members
Affo, Mondukpé Ignacia Bénédicte. "Le capital social numérique, rôle de substitution ou de complémentarité? : les enjeux pour la gestion du stress chez les utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux numériques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0281/document.
Full textFormerly, the concept of social network was described as the formalization of regular interactions between individuals. However, contemporary literature presents a set of specific tools that plays a singular and considerable part in social relations: i.e., the digital social networks. Internet facilities and the access to multiple social resources and social support have triggered an advent of virtual networks and have reformed the composition of social capital. This dissertation proposes to analyze the effects of this new social capital on the employees’ wellbeing at work. More precisely, it shows how the new social capital resulting from the digital social networks could reduce employee’s work stress. The first model, of digital social capital, is based on the framework of Effort/Reward Imbalance by Siegrist (1996), and enabled us to measure the level of work stress among the users of digital social networks. The results reveal that the activity on the digital social networks demonstrated reduced stress among users. The second model, initially enabled us to analyze the effects of Networking and the Sociability of an employee on his/her job satisfaction. Then, we compared the effects of two forms of social support (i.e., one being a network’s member and other being an outsider) on stress. The results reveal that the effects of the digital social capital on the demonstration of stress depends on the low sociability of an individual. Therefore, digital social capital complements the classical social capital of an individual, in general, and is a substitute for an employee having low sociability
Fourcade, Coralie. "Perception du fardeau chez les parents d'enfants avec Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme : approche quantitative et qualitative du vécu parental." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20012/document.
Full textStudy 1 – This validation study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 21-item Caregiving Strain Questionnaire (FCGSQ-21), which evaluates caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder’s burden. A three-factor model was found to best fit the structure of this scale. Those factors include the objective burden as well as the internalized and externalized subjective burdens. In the present study, the FCGSQ-21’s homogeneity is excellent with a Cronbach’s alpha of .90. Study 2 –This study aims at investigating the psychological well-being of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) while comparing it to that of parents of children with Down Syndrome (SD) as well as that of parents of typically developing children (DT). Significant differences appear between parents of those different groups for perceived burden (F (2,56) = 18,34 ; p ≤ 0,001), and anxiety and depression (F (2,56) = 5,30 ; p =0,008 ; F (2,56) = 4,72 ; p = 0,013). Other significant differences are observed between parents of children with ASD and SD on all variables in this study, most notably for the sub-scale “Global Coordination of Care” (M SD = 6,7 ; ET = 1,82, M TSA = 5,24 ; ET = 1,67 ; t = 2,76, p = 0,009).Study 3 – First, the transactional integrative and multifactorial Model (TIM) adapted to parents of children with ASD was tested. Then, different profiles of parents linked to their psychological well-being in face of their child’s disorder were highlighted. It appears that dispositional optimism is an explicative variable of psychological well-being and anxiety and depression appear as mediating variables between dispositional optimism and burden perception. Three profiles of parents were highlighted. One profile of parents (n=63) displays reduced psychological well-being. The second profile (n=29) includes parents who maintained high psychological well-being. The last profile (n=75) is homogenous. Study 4 – This study aims to explore how mothers and fathers of children with ASD live with their child’s disorder. The mean comparisons between fathers and mothers highlight a higher care satisfaction, coordination and respect for mothers. Mothers also have a higher delegated dyadic coping (partner) and common dyadic coping than fathers do. The qualitative analysis revealed that fathers and mothers often do not have the same role with their child
Quessard-Salvaing, Maud. "Propagande, information et diplomatie publique pendant la guerre froide : les stratégies de l'USIA en Europe d'Eisenhower à Reagan." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030124.
Full textFor 46 years, the centrepiece of U.S. public diplomacy was the United States Information Agency (USIA) established in 1953 at the height of the Cold War to counter anti-American propaganda from the Soviet Union and coordinate foreign information dissemination programs. The purpose of my dissertation - a comparative study - is to try to shed a new light on the too long neglected role of public diplomacy in the American foreign policy process over the course of three key presidential Administrations- Eisenhower, Kennedy and Reagan. Therefore in the course of my dissertation, through field centered case studies, I investigate the strategies set up by the USIA in Washington and by the USIS [United States Information Services] in the field for “the crucial zone” (defined as France, Italy and Germany), and for key “captive nations” (such as Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Hungary). In my dissertation I argue that since the first propag! anda campaigns of the cold warriors to the high-tech broadcastings of the champions of information and disinformation, USIA was at the core of the American strategies of persuasion and power in Europe. Indeed, in the field, between 1953 and 1991 the psychological warfare between the US and the USSR turned into a cultural Cold War and a war of information in which both public and private networks were involved. Considering the success and failures of the covert and overt activities of the USIA I may tackle the tricky issue of the effectiveness of American strategies of influence in the European battle for freedom
Huyghebaert, Tiphaine. "Déterminants organisationnels de la santé psychologique, d'attitudes et de comportements critiques des professionnels du secteur sanitaire, social, et médico-social : les besoins psychologiques comme mécanismes explicatifs." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2008/document.
Full textThe general purpose of this doctoral dissertation was to contribute to identify triggers to preserve workers’ psychological health and reduce some of their negative attitudes and behaviors which appear to be harmful to healthcare organizations. Moreover, we aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to demonstrate that psychosocial safety climate (i.e., PSC) was negatively related to nursing staff’s work-family conflict (i.e., WFC) and turnover intentions, through the mediation of psychological need thwarting. Study 2 developed these results by showing how PSC, through its influence on psychological need thwarting, related to a decrease in burnout three months later. Burnout itself explained an increase in WFC and turnover intentions. Study 3 focused on managers’ psychological health and found that emotional dissonance and organizational resources influenced managers lack of psychological detachment and work engagement three months later, through psychological need thwarting and satisfaction. Altogether, these studies contribute to self-determination theory in the work setting and offer some perspectives on organizational practices that could lastingly alter healthcare employees’ professional experience
Irambona, Renovate. "Contribution à l'étude de l'accompagnement psychosocial de la femme enceinte dans les services de Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant du VIH au Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209773.
Full textL’objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre l’état psychologique des femmes enceintes lors du dépistage du VIH dans les services de Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant (PTME) du VIH à Bujumbura. Cette compréhension permettrait d’optimiser la prise en charge psychologique de ces femmes enceintes au moment du dépistage du VIH et de mettre en place un accompagnement psychosocial dans leur milieu de vie. De façon spécifique, ce travail visait à :(1) analyser le contenu verbal des entretiens de conseils pré et post-test tels qu’ils sont faits dans les services de PTME, et de les comparer avec les normes proposées en la matière par l’OMS ;(2) évaluer l’anxiété chez les femmes enceintes à différents moments du dépistage du VIH; (3) analyser les raisons du refus du dépistage et du renoncement aux soins par les femmes enceintes séropositives à VIH.
La recherche a été réalisée principalement auprès des femmes enceintes rencontrées dans les services de consultation prénatale à Bujumbura, capitale du Burundi. Les outils de récolte des données étaient des entretiens conseillers-femmes enceintes au cours des activités de dépistage, les échelles d’évaluation de l’anxiété (HADS et STAI), des questionnaires de rétention/impact de l’information, des focus groups et un récit de vie. Ces outils nous ont permis de recueillir des données que nous avons traitées qualitativement par analyse de contenu et quantitativement par des analyses statistiques avec le logiciel SPSS.
Les résultats sont présentés dans cinq études. Notre première étude a montré que l’adaptation locale du schéma proposé par l’OMS pour les conseils pré et post-test en dépistage prénatal du VIH est une nécessité. Cela permettrait aux conseillers de mieux communiquer avec les femmes enceintes. Les trois autres études portant sur l’évaluation de l’anxiété ont montré que les besoins psychologiques des femmes enceintes au cours du dépistage du VIH devraient être reconnus et pris en compte. La détection de l’anxiété devrait être systématique afin de commencer une prise en charge psychologique dès le début du processus de dépistage et ainsi aller au devant des conduites d’évitement. La cinquième et dernière étude a montré que la stigmatisation et ses conséquences seraient à la base du refus du dépistage du VIH et du traitement en cas de séropositivité. Dès lors, le suivi médical doit être associé à un suivi psychologique pour réaliser une prise en charge intégrée des femmes enceintes dans les services de PTME. En continuité avec cette prise en charge au niveau des structures de santé, des stratégies d’accompagnement psychosocial adéquates devraient être planifiées au niveau des communautés. En outre, nous recommandons des études visant les problématiques psychologiques et sociales liées au VIH/SIDA chez la femme enceinte au Burundi.
Abstract:The announcement of the diagnosis of a serious illness is always a difficult experience for the patient and to a lesser extent, to the doctor. When it comes to HIV / AIDS, the challenge is even more important that in many cases, this disease vehicle with shame, guilt and risk of stigmatization of HIV-positive person. For pregnant women in Burundi, the situation is even more worrying. Socio-cultural barriers cause avoidance of HIV testing, while the screening is a gateway to care for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child.
The objective of this thesis was to understand the psychological state of pregnant women in HIV testing services in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bujumbura. This understanding would maximize the psychological care of pregnant women at the time of HIV testing and to develop psychosocial support in their living environment. Specifically, this work aimed to: (1) analyzing the verbal content of counseling interviews pre and post-test as they are made in PMTCT services, and compare them with the proposed standards in this area by WHO, (2) assess anxiety in pregnant women at different stages of HIV testing, (3) analyze the reasons for refusal of screening and seeking care for pregnant HIV-positive.
The research was conducted mainly among pregnant women encountered in antenatal clinics in Bujumbura, Burundi's capital. Tools for data collection were interviews between counselors and pregnant women during routine screening, rating scales of anxiety (HADS and STAI), questionnaires of retention / impact of information, focus groups and a life story. These tools have allowed us to collect data that we have treated qualitatively by content analysis and quantitatively by statistical analysis using SPSS.
The results are presented in five studies. Our first study showed that local adaptation of the scheme proposed by the WHO for counseling pre and post-test in antenatal HIV testing is a necessity. This would allow counselors to better communicate with pregnant women. The other three studies of anxiety assessment showed that the psychological needs of pregnant women in HIV testing should be recognized and taken into account. Anxiety screening should be systematic to begin psychological support early in the process of HIV testing. The fifth and final study showed that stigma and its consequences would be the causes for refusal of HIV testing and treatment in HIV positive cases. Therefore, medical care should be combined with psychological support to achieve an optimal management of pregnant women in PMTCT services. In continuity with this support in the structures of health, psychosocial support strategies should be planned at the community level. In addition, we recommend studies related to psychological and social issues of HIV / AIDS among pregnant women in Burundi.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Brumaud, Florence. "Etude des processus d'assignation des jeunes handicapés psychiques dans les ITEP de la Gironde : une contribution à la question de la construction sociale du handicap." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0781/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes to investigate the psychological disability construction, based on three axes: historical, social and institutional. Studying ITEP (Pedagogic and Educative Therapeutic Institute) from Gironde, we interrogated the assignation process of the teenagers in these facilities and their backgrounds (social, familial, etc) that leads them to be designed as psychologically disabled people (2005 law). Consequently, when the collective attention is focused on the consequences of being handicapped to compensate, we want to study the origins of psychological disability that conduct them – or not – to be oriented in an ITEP. First, we realized an historical diagnosis. We studied five organisations managing ITEP by interviewing their directors, in order to compare the historical beginning of psychological disabilities and the development of Gironde organisations. The second axe consists of a social characterisation of ITEP teenagers by studying social data in all 20 Gironde ITEP (a pool of 965 teenagers). The study of the complex arrangement of ITEP teenager characteristics show that being psychologically disabled is affected by family social origins, showing a first assignation form. The third analytic axis is an ethnographic observation about how the Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team (EPE) operates in Gironde MDPH during a year. The results of this orientation procedure show how psychological disabilities is built between psychic disorder and social-family difficulties. Linking these three analytic parts allows for a better understanding about how the psychological disability is constructed, all invisible steps of the assignation processes and what legitimates them. In addition to having difficulties living an ordinary life, all conditions are combined to prevent these psychologically disabled teenagers and their families to have a space dedicated to social representation
Idier, Laetitia. "Education thérapeutique chez les patients en dialyse : impact de la mise en place d'un programme d'éducation thérapeutique en auto-dialyse sur l'adhésion thérapeutique, la qualité de vie et l'état anxio-dépressif à partir d'une approche transactionnelle." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21916/document.
Full textIntroduction: Dialysis entails numerous alterations in the life of the patient and requires adhering to many recommendations. Therapeutic Patient Education helps patients acquire knowledge and skills to manage their life with a chronic disease in the best possible way. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a therapeutic educational program for dialysis patients in an out-center. Methods: The program consisted of five group sessions concerning the representations and personal experience of the dialysis, dietary regimen, protection of vascular access, taking of medicines and satisfaction about the program. The study included 125 subjects (64 in the experimental group and 61 in the control group). Several criteria (adherence, quality of life, anxiety, depression) and mediating variables were measured (knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, coping strategies, etc.) before the program, at the end and three months after the end of the program. Results: The program had no effect on adherence, quality of life and anxiety. On the other hand, an increase in depressive symptoms was observed in the experimental group, without inferring a depressive state. Analyses of mediations showed that the increase in knowledge regarding vascular access explained the effect of therapeutic education on depressive symptoms. The results also showed that self-efficacy decreased in the experimental group after the five sessions. Additional analyses indicated that this change predicted other changes such as a decrease in dietary adherence and increased anxiety.Conclusion: These main results show the need for improving educational interventions with patients in dialysis by adapting the transmission of knowledge about everyday life, and especially by working more on improving the feeling of self-efficacy and the use of coping strategies
Fèvre, Eric. "Handicap psychique et exclusion sociale : Place des phénomènes cliniques et psychopathologique dans les risques d’expulsion d’un logement." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0047/document.
Full textThe handicap psychique (psychological handicap) is a French expression which has imposed itself recently. It is the subject of various meanings. We place it in the very broad context of vulnerabilities and in the more restricted situations of handicap. While it is commonly accepted that psychological handicap is a social consequence of a mental disease, we show that people with handicap of psychological origin (HOPO) have no proven mental disorder and do not undergo any psychiatric treatment. We rely on the experience of a plan called Médiation logement. In this “Housing mediation” clinical psychologists meet people who are reclusive in their homes, or who exhibit behaviour or neighbourhood disturbances. Those people have no psychiatric history and we show that they share a common feature: a discrete incapacitating syndrome of psychological origin (DISOPO). This leads us to give a new definition of psychological handicap. Then we propose a clinical reading tool that would allow a team to make an early diagnosis of this DISOPO that appears in a person with a singular fragility when faced with personal and / or social traumatic of stressful event
Llistar, Verdú Salvador. "L'atenció assistencial en el procés de morir: importància de les actituds per a una mort digna." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9268.
Full textLos diferentes colectivos de profesionales, las experiencias personales vividas anteriormente, los valores y creencias, la edad, el sexo y la formación crean una diversidad de puntos de vista y maneras de actuar diferentes ante un enfermo Terminal. Esta divergencia comporta una falta de cohesión en la tarea profesional y una falta de criterios de actuación unánimes. La finalidad de este proyecto es conocer cuáles son los criterios asistenciales para una muerte digna. Por ello, los objetivos concretos que se persiguen en este estudio son: analizar las actitudes del personal sanitario ante la muerte de los enfermos y fomentar los criterios de calidad asistencial que tendrá que utilizar el equipo interdisciplinario con la finalidad de abordar terapéuticamente el proceso de la muerte del paciente paliativo. El estudio sigue un diseño que combina el método cualitativo con el cuantitativo. Según el método cuantitativo, la muestra ha sido formada por un total de 260 participantes (17 hombres y 243 mujeres), el instrumento utilizado ha sido un cuestionario de 16 ítems que baraja como se está realizando actualmente la atención al enfermo terminal, competencias del profesional (conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes, sentimientos, implicaciones emocionales del profesional) y como se debería realizar la atención al enfermo terminal; posteriormente los datos se han analizado mediante el programa estadístico SPSS.V15. Según el método cualitativo, colaboraron en el estudio 6 participantes (2 hombres y 4 mujeres) en los que se ha aplicado una entrevista estructurada, semidirigida e individual que posteriormente se ha analizado mediante el programa Atlas.ti. Los resultados cuantitativos indican que de los 260 profesionales sanitarios encuestados presentaron una actitud negativa ante la muerte del 24,2%, este hecho nos indica que hay casi una cuarta parte de los profesionales que no tienen información de los criterios asistenciales para una muerte digna. Por otra parte, los resultados de las entrevistas indican una convergencia de criterios al definir una buena y una mala actitud profesional. Así pues, es preciso cambiar las actitudes o estilos profesionales en el acompañamiento a la muerte; cuanto más asertiva sea nuestra actitud y cuanta más capacidad tengamos para mejorar el estado de ánimo, mayor será la calidad de vida de las personas que nos dejan y nos han depositado su confianza, una confianza que no podemos transgredir, pues se trata de un derecho humano.
The different professional groups, previous personal experiences, values and beliefs, age, gender and training bring about a wide range of points of view and ways of interacting with the terminally ill. This criteria divergence entails a lack of cohesion in the professional task and a lack of unanimous performance. The aim of this project is to get to know which are the welfare criteria for a dignified death. Hence, the specific objectives in this research are: to analyze the attitude of the public health staff towards the patient's death and promote the health care quality criteria to be used by the interdisciplinary team to tackle the death process in the palliative patient. The study is designed as to combine the qualitative and quantitative method. At a quantitative stage, the sample consisted of 260 participants (17 men and 243 women). The evaluation tool was a questionnaire consisting of 16 items which evaluated the attention on the terminally ill, the professional competence: knowledge, ability, attitude, feelings, emotional implications as well as how to assist the terminally ill. The data was then analyzed by SPSS.V15 statistic programme. Six participants took part at a qualitative level (2 men and 4 women) who underwent a structured , semi directed and individual interview which was subsequently analyzed by Atlas.ti programme. The results at a quantitative level indicate that 24.2% out of 260 health care workers surveyed have a negative attitude towards death. This fact shows that almost a fourth part of the professionals don't know the criteria to be applied for a dignified death. On the other hand, the interview results indicate a criteria convergence when defining a good and a bad professional attitude. Therefore, the professional attitudes or styles in supporting a dignified death must be changed. The more assertive our attitude is, and the more capacity to improve our mood we have, the better quality of life will the dying people have. This trust we cannot betray for it is a human right.
Rouat, Sabrina. "Les processus individuels et organisationnels de construction de la santé au travail : prévention de la santé mentale au travail et analyse de dispositifs organisationnels." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20006/document.
Full textWe aim to contribute to the study of intervention process in the organization for mental health prevention in the workplace. We begin by linking the different health-building processes in the workplace. We then take into account the factors that support the success of primary prevention interventions. Our analysis then allows for exploration of possible relationship between these two research fields. Our examination of seven cases studies of prevention interventions brings elements of understanding to the conditions that best favour the decision to change an organization. The intervention process is designed as a way to produce a dynamic organizational maturation on the issue of mental health in the workplace, which is likely to improve cooperation between actors. Finally, by questioning interactions between the individual and the organization, this dissertation analyzes the logic behind the non-take-up strategies used by troubled employees. It allows us to examine why arrangements within an organization are not used and to identify under what conditions they can be efficient and well used