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Journal articles on the topic 'Psychological sessions'
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1
Roberts, Joanne Erwick, and Vicki McCready. "Different Clinical Perspectives of Good and Poor Therapy Sessions." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 30, no. 3 (September 1987): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3003.335.
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This study investigated differences in causal attributions made by student clinicians taking actor and observer roles in good and poor therapy Sessions. One hundred thirty-four graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology were asked to imagine a hypothetical good or poor therapy session in which they took either the role of a clinician working with a client in a session or that of a clinician observing the session. To account for the session's hypothesized outcomes, clinicians taking the actor role cited client causes more frequently than other causes while clinicians taking the observer role cited clinician causes. These results are consistent with the actor-observer bias documented extensively in the psychological and educational literatures. Clinicians' causal attributions also differed for good and poor therapy sessions. Implications are discussed in terms of possible impact on the clinical training process in speech-language pathology.
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Armakolas, Stefanos, Christos T. Panagiotakopoulos, and Anthi V. Karatrantou. "Teleconference Sessions in Distance Learning Courses." International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2021040101.
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A teleconferencing learning environment has the potential to increase interaction between educators and learners. Interaction must be designed and continuously supported by the educator. When using teleconferencing in distance education, there is a set of psychological factors which may impact learner involvement. Τhe objective of this study was to identify what psychological factors influence the learner involvement in distance learning courses during teleconferencing sessions. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used as the research tools. The results show that anxiety, learner satisfaction, and expectation of success affect learners and educators in teleconferencing learning environments. Finally, concerning the interconnection of the psychological factors and the effectiveness in teleconferencing sessions as it appears, the main premise of a successful teleconferencing session is laying down the groundwork for adequate planning and preparation taking into account all the influencing psychological factors.
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Batista, Danilo Rodrigues, Vlademir Meneghel, Felipe De Ornelas, Marlene Aparecida Moreno, Charles Ricardo Lopes, and Tiago Volpi Braz. "Acute physiological and affective responses in postmenopausal women during prescribed and self-selected aerobic exercise:." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.359501.
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Few elderly meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. The limitations for PA adherence is due the barriers found such as displeasure, discomfort, pain and sense of exhaustion. Self-selected exercise has been strategy for PA adherence, due greatest tolerance by aerobic exercise practitioners. The aim of this study was investigate physiological and psychological responses in prescribed and self-selected sessions in postmenopausal women. It was recruited 27 women active. The study consisted 3 moments: familiarization, self-selected, prescribed sessions. The intensity of self-selected session was replicated in prescribed session. There was significant main effect of the time for HR (p=0,047), FS (p=0,009) and Borg scale (p=0,012). Session by time interaction the significant main effect in HR (p<0,001). Significant mean difference was observed for psychological variables FS (p= 0,011), Borg scale (p= 0,016) and ITL (p<0,001). This study demonstrates the self-selected session relationship with greatest affection and low perceived effort exercise when compared to prescribed exercise
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Casolino, Erika, Cristina Cortis, Corrado Lupo, Salvatore Chiodo, Carlo Minganti, and Laura Capranica. "Physiological Versus Psychological Evaluation in Taekwondo Elite Athletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.4.322.
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Purpose:To anticipate outstanding athletic outcomes, the selection process of elite athletes simultaneously considers psychophysiological and technical parameters. This study aimed to investigate whether selected and nonselected athletes for the Italian national taekwondo team could be discriminated by means of sportspecific performances and psychophysiological responses to training.Participants:5 established Italian national athletes and 20 elite Italian taekwondo black belt athletes (9 women, 16 men; age 23.0 ± 3.1 y; body mass 67.0 ± 12.1 kg).Methods:To update the Italian national-team roster, the 20 elite athletes participated in a 1-wk selection camp (7 training sessions). Selected athletes (n = 10) joined established national athletes during the following 3-wk national training period (7 training sessions/wk). During the 1-wk selection camp, differences (P < .05) between selected and nonselected athletes in performances, heart-rate responses, blood lactate accumulation [La], subjective ratings of perceived exertion (session RPE), and mood were examined. During the 3-wk national training period, differences (P < .05) in mood between selected and established national athletes were investigated.Results:With respect to nonselected athletes, selected athletes responded better to training in terms of session RPE (P = .047) and [La] (P = .046). No difference in performance and mood between subgroups emerged. After the 3-wk national training period, differences (P = .035) emerged for confusion, with decreases in the established national athletes and increases for recently selected athletes.Conclusions:Session RPE and [La] seem to be more effective than psychological measures in discriminating between elite taekwondo athletes. Evaluation of mood could be effective in monitoring athletes’ response to national training.
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Jones, Ted, Rebecca Skadberg, and Todd Moore. "A Pilot Study of the Impact of Repeated Sessions of Virtual Reality on Chronic Neuropathic Pain." International Journal of Virtual Reality 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2018.18.1.2901.
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OBJECTIVE: The use of virtual reality (VR) for pain has numerous studies showing effectiveness. However, there has been limited study of its use for chronic pain. METHODOLGY: This pilot study (N=10) investigated the impact of repeated sessions of a VR application for chronic pain on ten subjects. Impact on pain as well as on psychological variables such as depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, and sense of control over pain was assessed. Subjects underwent three twenty minute sessions of the VR application Cool! on a weekly basis using an Oculus Rift or Vive. The impact of the sessions on pain was assessed at four intervals and psychological data captured at two intervals. RESULTS: Results indicate that the VR sessions provided significant pain relief in all treatment sessions with an average of a 66% reduction in pain during the VR session and a 45% reduction in pain immediately after the session. A decrease in pain was reported to last an average of 30 hours after the session. There appeared to be limited if any impact of the VR intervention on chronic pain levels across time. There was no significant impact found for the VR intervention on depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and sense of control over pain. CONCLUSION: Implications for the use of VR on chronic pain conditions are discussed. More frequent VR interventions for chronic pain may be needed to impact pain across time. In addition, VR applications might not be used as an interventional-type in-office treatment as done here but perhaps need to have a skill teaching component or be an application available for in-home and more frequent use.
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Glassman, Lisa H., Nicholas P. Otis, Betty Michalewicz-Kragh, and Kristen H. Walter. "Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094634.
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Surf therapy is increasingly being used as an intervention to address various health problems, including psychological symptoms. Although recent research supports the positive impact of surf therapy on psychological outcomes, it is unclear whether these outcomes differ between men and women. This study compared changes in depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) between U.S. service men and women (N = 74) during six weekly surf therapy sessions. Overall, participants reported decreased depression/anxiety (p < 0.001) and increased positive affect (p < 0.001), but no change in pain rating following each session (p = 0.141). Significant gender differences were found in the magnitude of changes in depression/anxiety (B = −1.01, p = 0.008) and positive affect (B = 4.53, p < 0.001) during surf sessions, despite no differences in pre-session scores on either outcome. Women showed greater improvements in depression/anxiety and positive affect compared with men—an important finding, given that surfing and military environments are often socially dominated by men. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in other samples, extend this research to other underrepresented populations, and identify barriers and facilitators of the sustainable implementation of surf therapy across populations.
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Park, John Jongho, Jen L. Freeman, Diane L. Schallert, and Megan M. Steinhardt. "How emotions contribute to graduate students’ psychological responses during their online application for human subject research approval." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 8, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-d-17-00015.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on how doctoral students’ emotional arousal influenced their cognition in a challenging online application activity, that of applying for online Institutional Review Board approval for human subject research. Participants were social science doctoral students. Data were collected in two sessions: a video/audio-recorded work session and a follow-up interview. Results are presented in three themes derived inductively from qualitative data analysis. Design/methodology/approach The authors took a qualitative approach to study the nature of participants’ experiences. Participants were 11 graduate students recruited as they were about to submit an application for approval from the university’s review board charged with ensuring the ethical treatment of research participants. These students were pursuing doctoral degrees in education fields in a research-intensive US university. Data were collected in two sessions: a video/audio-recorded “work session” in which participants worked on their IRB application, and a post-interview session that used the video-record for stimulated recall. For the first session, participants were instructed to narrate aloud what they were thinking and feeling during the activity. Camtasia software was used to capture each participant’s desktop and mouse pointer movements. Cameras simultaneously captured video and audio recordings of the participants’ facial expressions and speech. These work sessions, and the subsequent interview sessions, occurred in a small quiet room with wireless access. Analysis proceeded in four phases. First, the authors made a transcript of the work sessions, screen-capturing participants’ faces whenever they spoke aloud, took action as they interacted with the website or showed some sort of emotion. They referred to these freeze shots as frames. The frames allowed us to track the time individuals spent in different episodes of the application. Second, the authors labelled the emotions they saw, with two researchers working together and bringing any discrepancies to the larger research team for consensus decisions. Third, to these transcripts of the first session, the authors connected interview transcript segments. Findings Results are presented in three themes derived inductively from qualitative data analysis. Theme 1 indicates that emotions accompanied processes involved in the online application. Theme 2 suggests that new users differed from more experienced users in the amount, valence and intensity of emotions. Theme 3 describes one source of these differences, experienced users’ greater knowledge of the process and equanimity in the face of possible mistakes. These results shed light on emotions as these arise in the course of accomplishing an increasingly common task, that of filling out a Web application that is personally consequential but not user-friendly. Originality/value The authors aimed to understand better the emotional experiences of graduate students by moving beyond the more global explorations of graduate students’ cumulative experiences.
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Meneguzzo, Francesco, Lorenzo Albanese, Michele Antonelli, Rita Baraldi, Francesco Riccardo Becheri, Francesco Centritto, Davide Donelli, et al. "Short-Term Effects of Forest Therapy on Mood States: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189509.
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Immersion in forest environments was shown to produce beneficial effects to human health, in particular psychophysical relaxation, leading to its growing recognition as a form of integrative medicine. However, limited evidence exists about the statistical significance of the effects and their association with external and environmental variables and personal characteristics. This experimental study aimed to substantiate the very concept of forest therapy by means of the analysis of the significance of its effects on the mood states of anxiety, depression, anger and confusion. Seven forest therapy sessions were performed in remote areas and a control one in an urban park, with participants allowed to attend only one session, resulting in 162 psychological self-assessment questionnaires administered before and after each session. Meteorological comfort, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the forest atmosphere and environmental coherence were identified as likely important external and environmental variables. Under certain conditions, forest therapy sessions performed in remote sites were shown to outperform the control session, at least for anxiety, anger and confusion. A quantitative analysis of the association of the outcomes with personal sociodemographic characteristics revealed that only sporting habits and age were significantly associated with the outcomes for certain psychological domains.
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Behzadnia, Behzad, Arezou Kiani, and Solmaz Babaei. "Autonomy-supportive exercise behaviors promote breast cancer survivors’ well-being." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.60.
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Background: Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), this pilot study aimed to test an autonomy-supportive exercise instructing style to promote hedonic (seeking comfort and pleasure) and eudaimonic (seeking to develop the best within one and pursue excellence)orientations, exercise motivation, and psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors. Methods: Twenty-four breast cancer survivors were randomized in either autonomy-supportive exercise instructing style (treatment condition) or usual exercise instructing style (control condition). The study consisted of a pre-intervention session followed by 22 exercise sessions and a post-intervention session. Hedonic and eudaimonic orientations, exercise motivation, and psychological well-being (subjective vitality) measured at baseline and post-intervention sessions. Results: As expected, participants in the treatment condition reported greater eudaimonic and hedonic orientations and subjective vitality compared to the participants in the control condition. The results showed no difference in exercise motivation across conditions. Conclusion: We concluded that the SDT-based intervention was successful in helping breast cancer survivors increase hedonic and eudaimonic orientations and subjective vitality. Practical and theoretical implications, along with limitations and future research suggestions are discussed inside.
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Guzman, Diana, Eduardo Bruera, Janet L. Williams, John M. Najera, Monica Raznahan, Sujin Ann-Yi, and Cindy L. Carmack. "Enhancing palliative care patient access to outpatient and outreach counseling services." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.184.
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184 Background: MD Anderson’s interdisciplinary out-patient clinic, palliative care team includes mental health professionals who provide psychological care, including 3 full time Master’s level counselors. Counseling sessions are offered during the patient’s clinic appointments. To increase opportunity and access for additional counseling, patients are offered follow-up counseling through an outreach program which includes videoconferencing or telephone sessions. The data presented represents almost 2 years of our Master’s level clinicians’ practices. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 2041 consecutive patients (3606 total contacts) seen for psychology counseling services in the Supportive Care Center between 6/2015 and 3/2017. Results: Counselors saw 2041 consecutive patients (52% of the patients seen at the out-patient Supportive Care Center). Most patients only had 1 session in clinic (63%); almost 1/3 received 2-5 sessions (33.9%). Median time for the follow-up visit was 30.5 days. Approximately 25% (N = 511) were offered outreach services; 79% (N = 405) of those offered received these services. Median number of outreach sessions received was 1 (57%); 2-5 (38%); 6-9 (4%) and 10+ (1%). Sessions lasted 10-15 minutes (58%); 20-35 minutes (31%); and 40+ minutes (11%). Patient preferred mode of outreach included telephone (93%), Facetime (5.0%), and videoconferencing (2%). In total, 798 outreach sessions were provided representing 18% of total counseling sessions offered. Conclusions: The out-patient palliative care service is able to offer psychological assessment and counseling to more than half of the patients they serviced due to the addition of 3 Master’s level counselors embedded in the clinic. Follow-up counseling for these patients can be challenged for those residing in rural areas, with limited resources and/or transportation problems, and with physical limitations that make travel difficult. Our outreach program has successfully enhanced access to services to patients who otherwise may have had limited to no follow-up psychosocial care.
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Cooper, Katy, Robin Chatters, Eva Kaltenthaler, and Ruth Wong. "Psychological and psychosocial interventions for cannabis cessation in adults: a systematic review short report." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 56 (July 2015): 1–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19560.
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BackgroundCannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Cannabis dependence is a recognised psychiatric diagnosis, often diagnosed via theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorderscriteria and theInternational Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of medical and psychological problems. This systematic review evaluates the use of a wide variety of psychological and psychosocial interventions, such as motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and contingency management.ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical effectiveness of psychological and psychosocial interventions for cannabis cessation in adults who use cannabis regularly.Data sourcesStudies were identified via searches of 11 databases [MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, PsycINFO, Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index, ClinicalTrials.gov andmetaRegister of Current Controlled Trials] from inception to February 2014, searching of existing reviews and reference tracking.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing psychological or psychosocial interventions in a community setting were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted Cochrane criteria and narrative synthesis was undertaken. Outcomes included change in cannabis use, severity of cannabis dependence, motivation to change and intervention adherence.ResultsThe review included 33 RCTs conducted in various countries (mostly the USA and Australia). General population studies: 26 studies assessed the general population of cannabis users. Across six studies, CBT (4–14 sessions) significantly improved outcomes (cannabis use, severity of dependence, cannabis problems) compared with wait list post treatment, maintained at 9 months in the one study with later follow-up. Studies of briefer MI or motivational enhancement therapy (MET) (one or two sessions) gave mixed results, with some improvements over wait list, while some comparisons were not significant. Four studies comparing CBT (6–14 sessions) with MI/MET (1–4 sessions) also gave mixed results: longer courses of CBT provided some improvements over MI. In one small study, supportive–expressive dynamic psychotherapy (16 sessions) gave significant improvements over one-session MI. Courses of other types of therapy (social support group, case management) gave similar improvements to CBT based on limited data. Limited data indicated that telephone- or internet-based interventions might be effective. Contingency management (vouchers for abstinence) gave promising results in the short term; however, at later follow-ups, vouchers in combination with CBT gave better results than vouchers or CBT alone. Psychiatric population studies: seven studies assessed psychiatric populations (schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder or major depression). CBT appeared to have little effect over treatment as usual (TAU) based on four small studies with design limitations (both groups received TAU and patients were referred). Other studies reported no significant difference between types of 10-session therapy.LimitationsIncluded studies were heterogeneous, covering a wide range of interventions, comparators, populations and outcomes. The majority were considered at high risk of bias. Effect sizes were reported in different formats across studies and outcomes.ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, courses of CBT and (to a lesser extent) one or two sessions of MI improved outcomes in a self-selected population of cannabis users. There was some evidence that contingency management enhanced long-term outcomes in combination with CBT. Results of CBT for cannabis cessation in psychiatric populations were less promising, but may have been affected by provision of TAU in both groups and the referred populations. Future research should focus on the number of CBT/MI sessions required and potential clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of shorter interventions. CBT plus contingency management and mutual aid therapies warrant further study. Studies should consider potential effects of recruitment methods and include inactive control groups and long-term follow-up. TAU arms in psychiatric population studies should aim not to confound the study intervention.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42014008952.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research HTA programme.
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George, Emma S., Louisa Jorm, Gregory S. Kolt, Hilary Bambrick, and Sanja Lujic. "Physical Activity and Psychological Distress in Older Men: Findings From the New South Wales 45 and Up Study." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 20, no. 3 (July 2012): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.20.3.300.
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Physical activity is an important factor in healthy aging and has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms. This association, however, is relatively understudied in older men. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the association between physical activity (Active Australia Survey) and psychological distress (Kessler-10). Participants were a sample of 17,689 men age ≥65 yr drawn from a large-scale Australian cohort study of people age 45 years and over (The 45 and Up Study). The likelihood of reporting high or very high levels of psychological distress decreased with increasing weekly sessions of physical activity. Compared with participants reporting no sessions of physical activity, the fully adjusted odds ratio for high or very high psychological distress was .66 (95% CI .51–.85) for men who undertook 1–6 sessions of physical activity per week and decreased to .57 (95% CI, .43–.79) for men who reported 16 or more weekly sessions. The cross-sectional findings show that older men who are more active are less likely to report psychological distress, regardless of their level of functional limitation. Further research, informed by these findings, is required to investigate causal pathways and the temporal sequence of events.
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Chang, Kang-Ming, Miao-Tien Wu Chueh, and Yi-Jung Lai. "Meditation Practice Improves Short-Term Changes in Heart Rate Variability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062128.
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Background: It is well known that meditation improves the physical and psychological condition of its practitioners. This study investigated the heart rate variability response of meditation practitioners in two Chan master teaching environments, namely face-to-face and video classes. Methods: Experimental sessions were conducted, one featuring face-to-face classes and the other featuring video classes. The difference in participants’ physiological parameters (blood pressure and heart rate variability) between the two experimental sessions was determined. In the first session, physiological parameters were recorded twice, before and after one teaching course, and the second session took place one month after the first. The first and second sessions had 45 and 27 participants, respectively. Those involved in the first experiment had no experience with meditation, whereas participants in the second experiment had practiced meditation for an average of 9 years (range = 1 to 27 years). Both experiments were conducted once a week, with each session lasting 1.5 h. Results: For both experiments, both heart rate and heart rate variability by age significantly decreased after one teaching course. Conclusions: Chan meditation practitioners benefit from receiving both face-to-face and video class teaching from a Chan master.
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Sohl, Stephanie J., Nancy E. Avis, Kimberly Stanbery, Janet A. Tooze, Kelly Moormann, and Suzanne C. Danhauer. "Feasibility of a Brief Yoga Intervention for Improving Acute Pain and Distress Post Gynecologic Surgery." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-26.1.43.
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Background: Women undergoing surgical procedures for suspected gynecologic malignancies frequently experience pain and psychological distress related to surgery. Yoga may reduce these negative surgical outcomes. The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating a perioperative brief Yoga Skills Training (YST) in this population. Secondary objectives were to (1) assess the immediate effects of the YST on pain and psychological distress; and (2) provide preliminary data for future studies. Method: Adult women scheduled to undergo an exploratory laparotomy for a suspected gynecologic malignancy were recruited to this one-arm feasibility study. Each woman received the YST, which consisted of three 15-minute sessions, one before and two after surgery. The following constructs were assessed: feasibility (rates of accrual, intervention adherence, measure completion, retention, and level of satisfaction), immediate effects of the YST (visual analogue scale ratings of pain and distress immediately before and after each session), and descriptive statistics for measures to be used in future studies. Results: Of the 33 eligible women, 18 were approached and 10 agreed to participate (mean age = 54.7 years; 90% White). Two women discontinued the study prior to starting the YST sessions. Of the eight participants who received the YST, five completed the pre-surgery session (63%) and seven completed (88%) both post-surgical sessions; one woman withdrew after one YST session. Participants reported high satisfaction with the YST. Acute pain and distress decreased from before to immediately after the YST session with moderate to large effects: pain, d's = −0.67 to −0.95; distress, d's = −0.66 to −1.08. Conclusions: This study demonstrated reasonable indicators of feasibility. In addition, patients showed short-term reductions in pain and distress. Next steps include attention to improving staff availability and intervention implementation in order to feasibly evaluate the perioperative YST, which shows promise for reducing postoperative pain and distress.
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Watson, Kevin, Israel Halperin, Joan Aguilera-Castells, and Antonio Dello Iacono. "A comparison between predetermined and self-selected approaches in resistance training: effects on power performance and psychological outcomes among elite youth athletes." PeerJ 8 (November 12, 2020): e10361. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10361.
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Background The aim of this study was to investigate if choice over resistance training exercise order affects motor performance and psychological outcomes among elite youth hockey players. Methods Seventeen elite hockey players (male, n = 14; female, n = 3, age: 15.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in this study. In the first session, individual optimum power loads were calculated in the back squat, jump squat, bench press and bench throw exercises. Then, in four counterbalanced sessions, participants completed three sets of six repetitions in the same exercises loaded with their optimum power loads. In two sessions, athletes used a self-selected order of exercises, while in other two sessions the order was predetermined. Power outputs were estimated with a linear position transducer. Fatigue and enjoyment were measured during and after the sessions using standardized questionnaires. Repeated measures analyses of variance and a paired-sample t-test were used to compare the effects between conditions. Results We observed trivial to small differences between conditions in power outputs (p ≥ 0.07; ES ≤ 0.21), fatigue (p ≥ 0.42; ES ≤ 0.33) and enjoyment (p = 0.72; ES = 0.05). Conclusion Given the comparable effects between approaches, both can be used when coaching youth athletes. Self-selecting the order of exercises based on preferences is a feasible and practical coaching option when working with youth athletes.
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Andersen, Barbara L., William B. Farrar, Deanna M. Golden-Kreutz, Ronald Glaser, Charles F. Emery, Timothy R. Crespin, Charles L. Shapiro, and William E. Carson. "Psychological, Behavioral, and Immune Changes After a Psychological Intervention: A Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 17 (September 1, 2004): 3570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.06.030.
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Purpose This randomized clinical trial tests the hypothesis that a psychological intervention can reduce emotional distress, improve health behaviors and dose-intensity, and enhance immune responses. Patients and Methods We studied 227 women who were surgically treated for regional breast cancer. Before adjuvant therapy, women completed interviews and questionnaires assessing emotional distress, social adjustment, and health behaviors. A 60-mL blood sample was drawn for immune assays. Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or assessment only group. The intervention was conducted in small patient groups, with one session per week for 4 months. The sessions included strategies to reduce stress, improve mood, alter health behaviors, and maintain adherence to cancer treatment and care. Reassessment occurred after completion of the intervention. Results As predicted, patients receiving the intervention showed significant lowering of anxiety, improvements in perceived social support, improved dietary habits, and reduction in smoking (all P < .05). Analyses of adjuvant chemotherapy dose-intensity revealed significantly more variability (ie, more dispersion in the dose-intensity values) for the assessment arm (P < .05). Immune responses for the intervention patients paralleled their psychological and behavioral improvements. T-cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A remained stable or increased for the Intervention patients, whereas both responses declined for Assessment patients; this effect was replicated across three concentrations for each assay (all P < .01). Conclusion These data show a convergence of significant psychological, health behavior, and biologic effects after a psychological intervention for cancer patients.
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Taylor, Christopher D. J., Penny E. Bee, James Kelly, Richard Emsley, and Gillian Haddock. "iMAgery focused psychological therapy for persecutory delusions in PSychosis (iMAPS): a multiple baseline experimental case series." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 5 (April 8, 2020): 530–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000168.
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AbstractBackground:Many people with psychosis experience persecutory delusions and report negative schematic beliefs and intrusive mental images which may be maintaining factors for psychotic symptoms.Aims:This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a new psychological therapy targeting schemas and images (iMAPS therapy).Method:The study used a randomised multiple baseline design. Participants with first episode psychosis were randomised using a multiple baseline design with 2–5 assessments. Six sessions of therapy, consisting of a combination of imagery techniques and imagery rescripting techniques, was used. In each session, participants completed a Mental Imagery in Psychosis Questionnaire (MIPQ) and imagery interview. Mood and delusional beliefs (PSYRATS) were also measured at each session.Results:Five participants with first episode psychosis completed the baseline visits and attended all therapy sessions. One participant declined the final assessment. Results demonstrated significant reductions in negative schematic beliefs, delusions, imagery distress and other measures of schema (YSQ, SMI). Although multiple baseline randomisation strengthens the study, it lacked a control arm and blind assessments.Conclusions:iMAPS appears a feasible and acceptable treatment for psychosis, and further evaluation is indicated.
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Clapton, Neil E., Jonathan Williams, Gemma M. Griffith, and Robert SP Jones. "‘Finding the person you really are … on the inside’: Compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 22, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629516688581.
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This study utilized a mixed methods approach to examine the feasibility and acceptability of group compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities (CFT-ID). Six participants with mild ID participated in six sessions of group CFT, specifically adapted for adults with ID. Session-by-session feasibility and acceptability measures suggested that participants understood the group content and process and experienced group sessions and experiential practices as helpful and enjoyable. Thematic analysis of focus groups identified three themes relating to (1) direct experiences of the group, (2) initial difficulties in being self-compassionate and (3) positive emotional changes. Pre- and post-group outcome measures indicated significant reductions in both self-criticism and unfavourable social comparisons. Results suggest that CFT can be adapted for individuals with ID and provide preliminary evidence that people with ID and psychological difficulties may experience a number of benefits from this group intervention.
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Köteles, Ferenc, Maria Kollsete, and Hannah Kollsete. "Psychological concomitants of crossfit training." Kinesiology 48, no. 1 (2016): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.48.1.13.
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The research aimed at studying relationships between characteristics of CrossFit training (time elapsed from starting with training, weekly session frequency) and indicators of well-being, self-esteem, body awareness, satisfaction with body image, and perceived body competence. Participants, 186 Norwegian individuals (57.5% female; mean age: 28.9±7.81 years) regularly participating in CrossFit, completed online surveys (WHO-5 Well-being Scale, PANAS, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Awareness Questionnaire, Body Image Ideals Questionnaire, Body Competence Scale, motivations for doing CrossFit). Weekly frequency of CrossFit sessions was not connected with positive affect (Kendall tau_b=-.02, p=.766), negative affect (-.01, p=.861), or well-being (.10, p=.068) in the correlation analysis. Similarly, overall CrossFit experience (duration x frequency) was not related to global self-esteem (Kendall tau_b=.01, p=.778), body awareness (-.04, p=.379), body image dissatisfaction (.04, p=.423), and body competence (-.07, p=.184). In the regression analysis, well-being was connected with male gender (β=-.205, p<.01), time elapsed from starting with CrossFit (β=-0.178, p<.05), dissatisfaction with body image (β=-.218, p<.01), and body awareness (β=.149, p<.05). Global self-esteem was related to age (β=.164, p<.05), body competence (β=.152, p<.05), and body image dissatisfaction (β=-.276, p<.001). CrossFit training was not connected with higher levels of psychological functioning (well-being, affect, body awareness, and self-esteem) and satisfaction with body image.
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Järvelä-Reijonen, Elina, Sampsa Puttonen, Leila Karhunen, Essi Sairanen, Jaana Laitinen, Mikko Kolehmainen, Jussi Pihlajamäki, et al. "The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Intervention on Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers: a Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09891-8.
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Abstract Background Psychological processes can be manifested in physiological health. We investigated whether acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), targeted on psychological flexibility (PF), influences inflammation and stress biomarkers among working-age adults with psychological distress and overweight/obesity. Method Participants were randomized into three parallel groups: (1) ACT-based face-to-face (n = 65; six group sessions led by a psychologist), (2) ACT-based mobile (n = 73; one group session and mobile app), and (3) control (n = 66; only the measurements). Systemic inflammation and stress markers were analyzed at baseline, at 10 weeks after the baseline (post-intervention), and at 36 weeks after the baseline (follow-up). General PF and weight-related PF were measured with questionnaires (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties). Results A group × time interaction (p = .012) was detected in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level but not in other inflammation and stress biomarkers. hsCRP decreased significantly in the face-to-face group from week 0 to week 36, and at week 36, hsCRP was lower among the participants in the face-to-face group than in the mobile group (p = .035, post hoc test). Age and sex were stronger predictors of biomarker levels at follow-up than the post-intervention PF. Conclusion The results suggest that ACT delivered in group sessions may exert beneficial effects on low-grade systemic inflammation. More research is needed on how to best apply psychological interventions for the health of both mind and body among people with overweight/obesity and psychological distress. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01738256, Registered 17 August, 2012
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Guerra, Mariella, Cleusa P. Ferri, Magaly Fonseca, Sube Banerjee, and Martin Prince. "Helping carers to care: the 10/66 dementia research group's randomized control trial of a caregiver intervention in Peru." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, no. 1 (July 2, 2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462010005000017.
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OBJECTIVE: There is a need, in the absence of formal services, to design interventions aimed at improving the lives of people with dementia and their families. This study tested the effectiveness of the 10/66 caregiver intervention among people with dementia and their caregivers in Lima, Peru. METHOD: Design/participants: a randomized controlled trial was performed involving 58 caregivers of people with dementia that received the intervention in the beginning of the trial (n = 29) or six months later (n = 29). The intervention consisted of three modules: 1) assessment (one session); 2) basic education about dementia (two sessions); and 3) training regarding specific problem behaviors (two sessions). Main outcome measures: Caregivers and patients with dementia were assessed at baseline and after six months. For caregivers, the measures included strain (Zarit Burden Interview), psychological distress (SRQ-20), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Dementia patients completed scales assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms (NPI-Q) and quality of life (DEMQOL). RESULTS: Caregivers in the intervention group reported significantly decreased strain measures six months after the intervention compared to controls. No group differences were found in respect to the caregivers' psychological distress and to quality of life in both caregivers and patients. CONCLUSION: The 10/66 intervention seems to be as effective as similar interventions used in more developed countries.
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El-Setouhy, Maged, Rashad M. Alsanosy, Abdallah Alsharqi, and Ahmed A. Ismail. "Khat Dependency and Psychophysical Symptoms among Chewers in Jazan Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2642506.
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Background. Khat chewing is highly prevalent in Africa, Yemen and Jazan region, southwest of Saudi Arabia. Most of Jazani Khat chewers consider khat session as a social activity and do not consider khat dependency. The aim of this study was to explore khat dependency and its relationship with the psychophysical symptoms among chewers.Methods. Cross-sectional study on seventy Saudi male khat chewers living in Jazan area. Psychological dependence to khat chewing was evaluated using the Severity of Dependency Scale (SDS). The participants filled in a self-administrated assisted structured questionnaire designed to collect data about their medical history, neurological symptoms, and their chewing behavior.Results. Half (52.2%) of khat chewers showed psychological dependency. Those having longer khat sessions (≥6 hours) were more liable for dependency. Physical and psychological symptoms were more prevalent among khat dependent chewers.Conclusions. khat has a psychological dependence effect that can be measured by the SDS, even in low doses and with irregular use. SDS scale is a useful tool to expect the burden of either physical or psychological symptoms on khat chewers.
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Garrido-Torres, N., A. S. Viedma, A. Rodriguez, M. Reina, S. Fernandez, C. González, and I. Prieto. "Online mindfulness as therapy for fibromyalgia patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2272.
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IntroductionFibromyalgia is a chronic disease. This diagnosis has been controversial in scientific society. However, there is one fact: there are women who feel not only uncontrollable and non-specific body pain, but also psychological symptoms.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of online sessions versus in onsite sessions. To demonstrate that online mindfulness sessions could help to reduce pain in patients with a diagnosis of fibromialgya.MethodA website created to give education and advice to women with fibromyalgia related to the disease was used as a platform to offer online mindfulness sessions.Two hundred and thirty-four patients with fibromyalgia asked to participate in the online sessions, but only 13 were included in the study. Nineteen other women received onsite mindfulness sessions. Patients were evaluated before and after intervention. Two analyses were undertaken: intragroup and intergroup.ResultsNo differences were found between online mindfulness session and onsite mindfulness session. In both cases, an improvement in the questionnaire scores was demonstrated. Mindfulness as a kind of psychotherapy helped patients to control pain and symptoms of anxiety.DiscussionThe new ICTs offer a huge of possibilities in medicine and mental health. With respect to psychiatry, not only intervention, like psychotherapy, can be offered but also psychoeducation. However, there are factors such as age and educational level that make online intervention difficult.ConclusionIn the near future, most people will interact with technology and it would be easier to supply online interventions and psychoeducation e-patients already exist, so e-doctors and e-psychiatrists should be online soon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Deeb, Mervat Ahed, and Hashem Adnan Kilani. "Effect of Psychological Conditioning Supported with Technology on Some Psychological Skills Tennis Players and Level of Performance for Table." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol5iss2pp21-53.
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The purpose of the study was to detect the effect of a psychological program supported by Macromedia Flash technology on some of psychological conditioning skills and the level of skills performance for table tennis players. Seven subjects comprised of 5 male and 2 female players from the Jordan national team with age ranges 12-15 year of old were intentionally selected. Measurement of muscle relaxation, mental imagery, state of competition anxiety, self talk, and colored readiness concentration (in-house built) for table tennis players. Skill performance during the competition was also assessed using special forms. Experiment design involved one group with pre and post hoc test after 12 weeks of the program application, 4 sessions per week in a simulated competition circumstances. Results of none parametric statistics (Welcoxon) revealed that there was a significant effect of the program at post hoc test for all skills variables. It is imperative to provide an early psychological conditioning program for table tennis juniors’ players with practice sessions as it is important part of training regimen. In addition, it was suggested to use the Macromedia Flash technology for simulation enhancement of the real competition.
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Kravtsova, T. M., and E. M. Raklova. "Symptoms of psychological trauma that occur in children aged 5-11 years." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PEDAGOGY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY Series 132, no. 3 (2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6895-2020-132-3-163-174.
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In this work, the authors studied the symptoms of various children psychological traumas in the age of 5-11 years The study involved group of parents of 25 children and children of a specified age. The work was based on individual form of work using techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy. After stage of survey of parents and children, an individual therapy plan was developed for each child, consisting of separate classes.The amount of work with the child was not exceeding 8 consultations, usually 2 sessions with parents was required in some cases mutual psychotherapeutic work of the child and the parents. The duration of psychotherapeutic sessions with a child ranged from 30 minutes to 1 hour, with a parentsessions ranged up to 1, 5 hour.The breaks between sessions was 7-10 days. The work is cross-sectional: authors studied the distribution of certain symptoms of psychological trauma in children in the age of 5-11 years and describe the features of parental roles during periods of formation of the personality of the child.
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Pandey, Jyoti Mishra, Shobit Garg, Preeti Mishra, and Bholeshwar Prashad Mishra. "Computer Based Psychological Interventions." International Journal of Computers in Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijccp.2017010102.
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The digital world and technology have remained a very fascinating precinct in human life. This paper contains empirical evidence on the acceptance and efficacy of computer and internet-based interventions for mental disorders has increased. Despite growing evidence of effectiveness of digital interventions, it is still unclear how the practice of interventions should be measured, how this is associated with benefits, and how much interventions should be used in order to get health benefits. Guided computer-based interventions combined with face to face therapeutic sessions give a very prolific result in a long run. More empirical and research-based support is required to compare the benefits and drawbacks between computer-based and face-to-face assessment and therapeutic interventions. This article focuses on the various aspects of computer-based intervention and how these upcoming digital interventions are subject to the efficacy of traditional face-to-face therapeutic approaches.
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von Hammerstein, Cora, Yasser Khazaal, Mathilde Dupuis, Henri-Jean Aubin, Amine Benyamina, Amandine Luquiens, and Lucia Romo. "Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention program in a naturalistic setting among treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder: a prospective observational study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e026839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026839.
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ObjectivesCultural differences between the USA and France led us to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy data on craving, quality of life and psychological flexibility of the add-on Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) programme in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in France.DesignWe conducted a prospective observational study with a 6-month follow-up.SettingThe study was performed in a naturalistic setting with adult outpatients from an addiction department.ParticipantsWe included all patients with a current AUD who participated in the MBRP programme (n=52). There was no non-inclusion criterion.InterventionsThe intervention was an 8-week MBRP programme, combining elements of traditional relapse prevention cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness meditation training. This was an eight-session closed-group programme.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were the number of attended treatment sessions, home practice frequency and dropout rate. Secondary outcomes were changes in craving, quality of life, psychological flexibility, drinking outcomes, depression, anxiety and mindfulness levels.ResultsThe average number of completed sessions was 6.6 (SD: 1.9). Most participants introduced mindfulness meditation into their everyday lives: 69% and 49% of included patients maintained formal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and 80% and 64% maintained informal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Most participants used mindfulness techniques to face high-risk situations (56% at 6 months). Participants reported a significant reduction in craving, days of alcohol use, depression and anxiety and an increase in mindfulness and psychological flexibility at 6 months.ConclusionsThe MBRP programme showed good acceptability and feasibility. MBRP seemed to improve craving, mindfulness and psychological flexibility. Comparative studies are needed to evaluate the programme’s efficacy in AUD.Trial registration number2200863 v 0.
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DeCato, Clifford M. "A Quantitative Method for Studying the Testing Supervision Process." Psychological Reports 90, no. 1 (February 2002): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.1.137.
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A quantitative method by Holloway for studying the supervision process in counseling training was adapted for use in psychological testing supervision. Ratings of 80 sessions indicated that most of the 25 potential interactions between the supervisor and trainee occurred in most of the sessions. The rate of occurrence was the lowest for the Emotional Awareness task (21%–24%). The author offers a speculation about how this result may be understood as involving the structured nature of testing. Results suggested that this model could be used as a tool for both practical and theoretical empirical evaluation of the supervision process during training in psychological testing.
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Matthys, Walter, and Dennis J. L. G. Schutter. "Increasing Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents: What Can We Learn from Neuroimaging Studies?" Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 24, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00346-4.
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AbstractCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly relevant for children from 7 years on and adolescents with clinical levels of conduct problems. CBT provides these children and adolescents with anger regulation and social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in more independent and situation appropriate ways. Typically, CBT is combined with another psychological treatment such as behavioral parent training in childhood or an intervention targeting multiple systems in adolescence. The effectiveness of CBT, however, is in the small to medium range. The aim of this review is to describe how the effectiveness of CBT may be improved by paying more attention to a series of psychological functions that have been shown to be impaired in neuroimaging studies: (1) anger recognition, (2) the ability to generate situation appropriate solutions to social problems, (3) reinforcement-based decision making, (4) response inhibition, and (5) affective empathy. It is suggested that children and adolescents first become familiar with these psychological functions during group CBT sessions. In individual sessions in which the parents (and/or child care workers in day treatment and residential treatment) and the child or adolescent participate, parents then learn to elicit, support, and reinforce their child’s use of these psychological functions in everyday life (in vivo practice). In these individual sessions, working on the psychological functions is tailored to the individual child’s characteristic impairments of these functions. CBT therapists may also share crucial social-learning topics with teachers with a view to creating learning opportunities for children and adolescents at school.
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Hall, Geoffrey. "Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy." European Psychologist 2, no. 2 (January 1997): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.2.118.
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Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.
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Townsend, Logan K., Hashim Islam, Emily Dunn, Mark Eys, Jennifer Robertson-Wilson, and Tom J. Hazell. "Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 4 (April 2017): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0479.
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Sprint-interval training (SIT) is a viable method to improve health and fitness. However, researchers have questioned the utility of SIT because of its strenuous nature. The current study aimed to determine if manipulating the sprint and recovery duration, while maintaining the 1:8 work to rest ratio, could uncover a more favourable SIT protocol. Nine healthy active males (age, 23.3 ± 3.0 years; body mass index, 22.4 ± 2.2 kg·m−2; maximal oxygen consumption, 48.9 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in 3 experimental running SIT sessions: (i) 30:240 (4 × 30-s efforts, 240-s recovery), (ii) 15:120 (8 × 15-s efforts, 120-s recovery), (iii) 5:40 (24 × 5-s efforts, 40-s recovery), and (iv) a final behavioural choice follow-up session. Affect, intentions, task self-efficacy, enjoyment, and preference were evaluated. Midway through exercise, affect became more positive for 5:40 compared with 30:240 (p < 0.05) and postexercise affect was greater for both 5:40 (p = 0.014) and 15:120 (p = 0.015) compared with 30:240. Participants expressed greater intentions to perform 5:40 3 and 5 times/week compared with 15:120 and 30:240 (p < 0.05). Participants felt more confident in their ability to perform 5:40 (p = 0.001) and 15:120 (p = 0.008) compared with 30:240. The 5:40 session was also rated as more enjoyable than 15:120 (p = 0.025) and 30:240 (p = 0.026). All participants preferred the 5:40 protocol. These data suggest that shorter sprints with more repetitions are perceived as more enjoyable and lead to greater intentions to engage in SIT.
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Khanova, Zoya G., Muslimat G. Akhmedova, and Olga I. Kaiasheva. "Distance learning of psychology students in the context of a pandemic: an analysis of the experience gained." SHS Web of Conferences 103 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110301002.
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The conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to difficulties in teaching students majoring in psychology, and the need to develop recommendations for universities to improve the system of distance learning at higher education institutions. Training of practical psychologists requires mandatory full-time participation in sessions of psychological counseling, passing supervision, familiarization with the leading areas of psychological counseling and psychotherapy, psychodiagnostics, and psychocorrective measures. These aspects are complicated by the restrictions caused by the pandemic, which complicates also the subsequent internship based on psychological centers, and the need to conduct practical training courses in a remote format. The purpose of the present research is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of distance learning for students majoring in psychology as well as university teachers in the context of the pandemic. The developed recommendations will be useful for improving the learning process of students of psychological specialties at higher education institutions. The proposed recommendations concern changes in the schedule of the university curriculum, and providing qualified support to teachers and students from the university’s psychological service and administration, implementing master classes for university practitioners, providing free access to video recordings of sessions of leading psychology consultants, as well as free practical online conferences and webinars of professional psychological and psychotherapeutic communities.
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O’Neil, Jillian, Sean Rose, Ashley Davidson, Kathleen Shiplett, Anthony Castillo, and Kelly McNally. "Outcomes of Multidisciplinary Care for Pediatric Post-Concussive Symptoms." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S18.1—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581004.98313.0c.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary treatment approach for adolescents experiencing prolonged recovery from concussion.BackgroundAlthough most youth recover from a concussion within 2–4 weeks, an estimated 14% of those injured remain symptomatic at 3 months post-injury. For those experiencing protracted recovery, the 2017 Berlin Concussion in Sport Group Consensus Statement recommends multidisciplinary collaborative care. While recent research utilizing progressive aerobic exercise among adolescents with concussion has shown promise for reduction in symptom burden, limited evidence exists for multidisciplinary care.Design/MethodsParticipants included 39 adolescents (77% female, 87% Caucasian) referred to the Nationwide Children’s Hospital Complex Concussion Clinic. All patients included had persistent (≥30 days post-injury) post-concussion symptoms (SCAT-5 symptom score ≥10). The sample ranged in age from 11-20 years (mean = 15.0, SD = 2.0) and median days since injury was 60 (range = 30–161). 31% of participants had a history of one or more previous concussions, 54% had a history of anxiety or depression, and 26% had a history of ADHD or a learning disorder. The multidisciplinary treatment included sessions with Neurology (mean number of sessions = 2.5), Neuropsychology (mean = 2.1), Physical Therapy (mean = 3.6), and Athletic Training sessions involving graded physical exercise (mean = 4.0), with an average treatment duration of 57.4 days. SCAT-5 symptom rating scales were completed at each visit.ResultsSymptom burden among participants significantly decreased between their initial visit (mean = 49.6, SD = 19.2) and final exercise session (mean = 12.8, SD = 14.1); p < 0.001. Gender did not predict symptom ratings at treatment onset, though males (mean = 5.6) had significantly lower symptom scores than females (mean = 15.0) at their final visit (p < 0.05). Demographic factors and premorbid psychological history did not predict rate of symptom improvement.ConclusionsHigh rates of premorbid psychological problems are evident in children referred for treatment of PCS. Multidisciplinary care involving graded aerobic exercise and psychological intervention shows promise, though specific factors associated with treatment response remain to be elucidated.
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Hosey, Megan M., Stephen T. Wegener, Caroline Hinkle, and Dale M. Needham. "A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Informed Self-Management Program for Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors: A Feasibility Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040872.
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Background: The number of people surviving critical illness is rising rapidly around the globe. Survivorship comes at a cost, with approximately half of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) experiencing clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, and 32–40% of survivors having substantial anxiety symptoms in the months or years after hospitalization. Methods: This feasibility study reports on 11 consecutive ARF patients receiving up to six sessions of a psychological intervention for self-management of anxiety. Results: All 11 patients accepted and received the psychological intervention. Four patients did not fully complete all 6 sessions due to death (n = 1, 2 sessions completed), and early hospital discharge (n = 3, patients completed 2, 3 and 5 sessions). The median (IQR) score (range: 0–100; minimal clinically important difference: 13) for the Visual Analog Scale-Anxiety (VAS-A) pre-intervention was 70 (57, 75) points. During the intervention, all 11 patients had a decrease in VAS-A, with a median (IQR) decrease of 44 (19, 48) points. Conclusions: This self-management intervention appears acceptable and feasible to implement among ARF patients during and after an ICU stay.
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Cousson-Géalie, Florence, Marilou Bruchon-Schweitzer, Thierry Atzeni, and Nadine Houede. "Evaluation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Social Support Perceived Control, Coping Strategies, Emotional Distress, and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients." Psychological Reports 108, no. 3 (June 2011): 923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.07.15.20.pr0.108.3.923-942.
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The purpose of this research was to demonstrate that a specific psychosocial intervention changes reactions to cancer and quality of life. This study was carried out on 66 patients with a first breast cancer. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: a specific intervention group (G1, 8 sessions) or a support group (G2, 8 sessions). A control group (G3) was composed of patients who refused to participate in psychological intervention. Social support, perceived control, repression of emotions, coping strategies, emotional distress, and quality of life were assessed one week before (T1) and at the end (T2) of the psychological intervention. Results showed that G1 did not have significantly modified quality of life or psychological scores. Patients of G2 had poorer emotional quality of life, use of internal causal attributions, and minimized their illness at T1 as compared to patients of G3. At Time 2 these differences were not observed.
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Lundgren, Tobias, Gustaf Reinebo, Markus Näslund, and Thomas Parling. "Acceptance and Commitment Training to Promote Psychological Flexibility in Ice Hockey Performance: A Controlled Group Feasibility Study." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0081.
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Despite the growing popularity of mindfulness and acceptance-based performance enhancement methods in applied sport psychology, evidence for their efficacy is scarce. The purpose of the current study is to test the feasibility and effect of a psychological training program based on Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) developed for ice hockey players. A controlled group feasibility designed study was conducted and included 21 elite male ice hockey players. The ACT program consisted of four, once a week, sessions with homework assignments between sessions. The results showed significant increase in psychological flexibility for the players in the training group. The outcome was positive for all feasibility measures. Participants found the psychological training program important to them as ice hockey players and helpful in their ice hockey development. Desirably, future studies should include objective performance data as outcome measure to foster more valid evidence for performance enhancement methods in applied sport psychology.
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Michalsen, Andreas, Michael Jeitler, Stefan Brunnhuber, Rainer Lüdtke, Arndt Büssing, Frauke Musial, Gustav Dobos, and Christian Kessler. "Iyengar Yoga for Distressed Women: A 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408727.
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Distress is an increasing public health problem. We aimed to investigate the effects of an Iyengar yoga program on perceived stress and psychological outcomes in distressed women and evaluated a potential dose-effect relationship. Seventy-two female distressed subjects were included into a 3-armed randomized controlled trial and allocated to yoga group 1 (n=24) with twelve 90 min sessions over 3 months, yoga group 2 (n=24) with 24 sessions over 3 months, or a waiting list control group (n=24). The primary outcome was stress perception, measured by Cohen Stress Scale; secondary outcomes included state trait anxiety, depression, psychological and physical quality of life (QOL), profile of Mood States, well being, and bodily complaints. After three months, women in the yoga groups showed significant improvements in perceived stress (P=0.003), state trait anxiety (P=0.021andP=0.003), depression (P=0.008), psychological QOL (P=0.012), mood states being (P=0.007), and bodily complaints well(P=0.012) when compared to controls. Both yoga programs were similarly effective for these outcomes; however, compliance was better in the group with fewer sessions (yoga group 1). Dose effects were seen only in the analysis of group-independent effects for back pain, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that Iyengar yoga effectively reduces distress and improves related psychological and physical outcomes. Furthermore, attending twice-weekly yoga classes was not superior to once-weekly classes, as a result of limited compliance in the twice-weekly group.
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Li, Shanshan, Qianjin Wu, and Zichao Chen. "Effects of Psychological Interventions on the Prevention of Sports Injuries: A Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 232596712092832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120928325.
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Background: Studies have shown that preventive psychological interventions can reduce the occurrence of sports injuries. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the published literature on the effects of psychological interventions on rates of sports injuries and propose a set of psychological interventions to reduce such injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials and intervention control trials involving 1287 participants were included. A random-effects model was used to analyze the data. Pooled results were expressed as effect sizes and 95% CIs. Bias and heterogeneity among the studies were assessed, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Meta-analysis suggested that preventive psychological interventions effectively prevented the occurrence of sports injuries (effect size = –0.55; P < .001), although the studies showed substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 94.2%; P < .001), which could not be attributed to specific variables. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis suggested that overall results were reliable. No significant risk of publication bias was found. Conclusion: Preventive psychological interventions moderately reduced the risk of sports injuries. Risk screening also significantly reduced the risk of sports injuries. These interventions should focus on cognitive behavior and be administered in 1 to 6 sessions over 7 to 12 weeks for 60 minutes per session.
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Lin, Zhengyu, Chencheng Zhang, Yingying Zhang, Lulin Dai, Valerie Voon, Dianyou Li, and Bomin Sun. "Deep brain stimulation telemedicine programming during the COVID-19 pandemic: treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders." Neurosurgical Focus 49, no. 6 (December 2020): E11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.focus20666.
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OBJECTIVEThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably affected the delivery of postoperative care to patients who have undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. DBS teleprogramming technology was developed and deployed in China before the COVID-19 outbreak. In this report, the authors share their experiences with telemedical DBS treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODSFour patients (2 with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 1 with major depressive disorder, and 1 with anorexia nervosa) underwent DBS surgery at Ruijin Hospital and received continuous postoperative DBS telemedicine case management from January 2020 to July 2020. DBS teleprogramming, individualized psychological support, and medical consultations were provided via the authors’ DBS telemedicine platform, which also incorporated a synchronous real-time video communication system.RESULTSForty-five DBS telemedicine sessions were conducted; there was no unexpected loss of network connection during the sessions. Of these, 28 sessions involved DBS teleprogramming. Adjustments were made to the stimulation voltage, frequency, pulse width, and contact site in 21, 12, 9, and 9 sessions, respectively. Psychological support and troubleshooting were provided during the remaining telemedicine sessions. Modest to substantial clinical improvements after DBS surgery were observed in some but not all patients, whereas stimulation-related side effects were reported by 2 patients and included reversible sleep and mood problems, headache, and a sensation of heat.CONCLUSIONSDBS telemedicine seems to offer a feasible, safe, and efficient strategy for maintaining the delivery of medical care to psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. The authors propose that implementation of a comprehensive DBS telemedicine system, which combines DBS teleprogramming with psychological counseling, medical consultations, and medication prescriptions and delivery, could be an efficient and effective approach to manage the mental health and quality of life of patients with psychiatric disorders during future local or global public health crises.
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Mengel, Elizabeth, Judith Smith, and Elizabeth Uzelac. "After the Data: Taking Action on ClimateQUAL® Results." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84602.
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Objective – This paper discusses the actions taken by the staff development and training (SD&T) team at the Sheridan Libraries and Johns Hopkins University Museums in response to results of a ClimateQUAL survey.
Methods – The team administered the ClimateQUAL Organizational Climate and Diversity Assessment in March 2009 to the 150 staff members of the museums and libraries, and 80% responded. To get at the root of some of the results, the team conducted 23 focus group sessions over the course of two months. In each 90-minute session, 8 open-ended questions were used to probe the staff’s thoughts on the survey results and elicit concrete suggestions for moving forward. Participants were asked to discuss their personal experiences with six areas of concern: procedural justice, distributive justice, structural facilitation of teamwork, psychological safety, communication, and leadership. One year after the original ClimateQUAL survey, the team administered a one-question follow-up survey.
Results – The team analyzed and coded the notes taken during the focus group sessions and developed three discrete written summaries for each session: a brief summary of themes, a list of specific actionable suggestions, and a general description of specific scenarios aired in the sessions. From these analyses, the team developed two types of recommendations: quick tactical actions and long-term strategic recommendations. Strategic recommendations were developed in three main areas: fostering a sense of global ownership of organizational issues, improving organizational communication, and improving leadership and facilitation of teamwork. With these recommendations, the team charged managers to take broad ownership of a plan for individual actions. The results of the one-year follow-up survey were mixed. Staff perceived positive change in communication, but indicated that the areas of procedural and distributive justice, psychological safety, and transparency in decision making continued to require improvement.
Conclusion – The work of the SD&T team continues, and it is hoped that ClimateQUAL will serve as the foundation for future assessments of organizational health.
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Bood, Sven Å., Ulf Sundequist, Anette Kjellgren, Gun Nordström, and Torsten Norlander. "EFFECTS OF FLOTATION REST (RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION TECHNIQUE) ON STRESS RELATED MUSCLE PAIN: ARE 33 FLOTATION SESSIONS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN 12 SESSIONS?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.2.143.
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The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not 33 flotation sessions were more effective for stress-related ailments than 12 sessions. Participants were 37 patients, 29 women and 8 men, all diagnosed as having stress-related pain of a muscle tension type. The patients were randomized to one of two conditions: 12 flotation-REST treatments or 33 flotation-REST treatments. Analyses for subjective pain typically indicated that 12 sessions were enough to get considerable improvements and no further improvements were noticed after 33 sessions. A similar pattern was observed concerning the stress-related psychological variables: experienced stress, anxiety, depression, negative affectivity, dispositional optimism, and sleep quality. For blood pressure no effects were observed after 12 sessions, but there was a significant lower level for diastolic blood pressure after 33 sessions. The present study highlighted the importance of finding suitable complementary treatments in order to make further progress after the initial 12 sessions.
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Blanchet, A., and C. Mirabel-Sarron. "Therapist and patient speech in cognitive depression therapy: assessment and discussion." European Psychiatry 6, no. 3 (1991): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800001000.
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SummaryThis study examines changes in language markers in patient and therapist speech over the course of a 12-session cognitive depression therapy. Sessions 4, 8 and 12 were analyzed for the following clinical and language indices:– scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.– relative frequency of predicative verb categories, deictics, modalization and situation markers in patient and therapist speech (propositional analysis). The findings show that language indices change significantly and correlatively with therapeutic change, and can thus serve as one measure of the changes in the patient’s psychological organization brought about by cognitive depression therapy.
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Gould, Rebecca L., Julie Loebach Wetherell, Marc A. Serfaty, Kate Kimona, Vanessa Lawrence, Rebecca Jones, Gill Livingston, et al. "Acceptance and commitment therapy for older people with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder: the FACTOID feasibility study." Health Technology Assessment 25, no. 54 (September 2021): 1–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta25540.
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Background Generalised anxiety disorder, characterised by excessive anxiety and worry, is the most common anxiety disorder among older people. It is a condition that may persist for decades and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Front-line treatments include pharmacological and psychological therapy, but many older people do not find these treatments effective. Guidance on managing treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder in older people is lacking. Objectives To assess whether or not a study to examine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for older people with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder is feasible, we developed an intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for this population, assessed its acceptability and feasibility in an uncontrolled feasibility study and clarified key study design parameters. Design Phase 1 involved qualitative interviews to develop and optimise an intervention as well as a survey of service users and clinicians to clarify usual care. Phase 2 involved an uncontrolled feasibility study and qualitative interviews to refine the intervention. Setting Participants were recruited from general practices, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services, Community Mental Health Teams and the community. Participants Participants were people aged ≥ 65 years with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder. Intervention Participants received up to 16 one-to-one sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, adapted for older people with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder, in addition to usual care. Sessions were delivered by therapists based in primary and secondary care services, either in the clinic or at participants’ homes. Sessions were weekly for the first 14 sessions and fortnightly thereafter. Main outcome measures The co-primary outcome measures for phase 2 were acceptability (session attendance and satisfaction with therapy) and feasibility (recruitment and retention). Secondary outcome measures included additional measures of acceptability and feasibility and self-reported measures of anxiety, worry, depression and psychological flexibility. Self-reported outcomes were assessed at 0 weeks (baseline) and 20 weeks (follow-up). Health economic outcomes included intervention and resource use costs and health-related quality of life. Results Fifteen older people with treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder participated in phase 1 and 37 participated in phase 2. A high level of feasibility was demonstrated by a recruitment rate of 93% and a retention rate of 81%. A high level of acceptability was found with respect to session attendance (70% of participants attended ≥ 10 sessions) and satisfaction with therapy was adequate (60% of participants scored ≥ 21 out of 30 points on the Satisfaction with Therapy subscale of the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale-Revised, although 80% of participants had not finished receiving therapy at the time of rating). Secondary outcome measures and qualitative data further supported the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Health economic data supported the feasibility of examining cost-effectiveness in a future randomised controlled trial. Although the study was not powered to examine clinical effectiveness, there was indicative evidence of improvements in scores for anxiety, depression and psychological flexibility. Limitations Non-specific therapeutic factors were not controlled for, and recruitment in phase 2 was limited to London. Conclusions There was evidence of high levels of feasibility and acceptability and indicative evidence of improvements in symptoms of anxiety, depression and psychological flexibility. The results of this study suggest that a larger-scale randomised controlled trial would be feasible to conduct and is warranted. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12268776. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 54. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Imrie, Susan, and Nicholas A. Troop. "A pilot study on the effects and feasibility of compassion-focused expressive writing in Day Hospice patients." Palliative and Supportive Care 10, no. 2 (April 17, 2012): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951512000181.
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AbstractObjective:Research has found that writing about stress can confer physical and psychological health benefits on participants and that adopting a self-compassionate stance may have additional benefits. This pilot study evaluated a self-compassionate expressive writing intervention in a Day Hospice setting.Method:Thirteen patients with life-limiting illnesses wrote on two occasions about recent stressful experiences. Half also received a self-compassion instruction for their writing. Outcome measures were taken at baseline and one week after the second writing session, and text analysis was used to identify changes in the types of words used, reflecting changes in psychological processes.Results:Patients given the self-compassion instruction increased in their self-soothing and self-esteem in contrast to patients in the stress-only condition. Happiness broadly increased in both groups although reported levels of stress generally increased in patients given the self-compassion instruction but decreased in patients in the stress-only condition. Those given the self-compassion instruction also increased in their use of causal reasoning words across the two writing sessions compared with those in the stress-only condition.Significance of Results:Expressive writing appears to be beneficial in patients at a hospice and was viewed as valuable by participants. The inclusion of a self-compassion instruction may have additional benefits and a discussion of the feasibility of implementing expressive writing sessions in a Day Hospice is offered.
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Chabert, Clovis, Aurélie Collado, and Olivier Hue. "Temperate Air Breathing Increases Cycling Performance in Hot and Humid Climate Environment." Life 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090911.
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Practicing physical activity in a hot and humid climate (HHC) is becoming increasingly common due to anthropogenic climate change and the growing number of international sports events held in warm countries. The aim of this study was to understand the physiological and psychological effects of breathing two air temperatures during cycling exercise in HHC. Ten male athletes performed two sessions of exercise in HHC (T°: 32.0 ± 0.5 °C, relative humidity: 78.6 ± 0.7%) during which they breathed hot air (HA, 33.2 ± 0.06 °C) or temperate air (TA, 22.6 ± 0.1 °C). Each session was composed of 30 min of pre-fatigue cycling at constant intensity, followed by a 10 min self-regulated performance. During pre-fatigue, TA induced a better feeling score and a lower rating of perceived effort (respectively, +0.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05; 1.13 ± 0.21; p < 0.05) with no changes in physiological parameters. During performance, oxygen consumption and mechanical workload were increased by TA (respectively, +0.23 ± 0.1 L min−1, p < 0.05 and +19.2 ± 6.1 W, p < 0.01), whereas no significant differences were observed for psychological parameters. Reducing the breathed air temperature decreased the discomfort induced by HHC during exercise and increased the performance capacity during self-regulated exercise. Thus, breathed air temperature perception is linked to the hardship of training sessions and directly contributes to the performance decrease in HHC.
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Forst, Deborah, Michelle Mesa, Emilia Kaslow-Zieve, Areej El-Jawahri, Joseph Greer, Isabella Sereno, Amy Corveleyn, et al. "QOLP-04. PILOT STUDY OF A VIDEOCONFERENCE-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.729.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas experience substantial anxiety symptoms while caring for someone with progressive neurological decline. Yet, interventions to reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life (QoL) in this caregiver population are lacking. METHODS We conducted an open pilot study evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention for caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas with clinically significant anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7] score ≥ 5). Caregivers participated in six videoconference sessions with a mental health provider. We defined the intervention as feasible if ≥ 70% of eligible caregivers enrolled and ≥ 70% of those enrolled completed ≥ 50% of sessions. We evaluated intervention acceptability in semi-structured interviews. Caregivers completed baseline and post-intervention surveys assessing anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), QoL (Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life Questionnaire), caregiving burden (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), self-efficacy (Lewis Cancer Self-Efficacy Scale), and perceived coping skills (Measure of Current Status-Part A). We explored post-intervention changes using paired t-tests. RESULTS We obtained consent from 70.0% (21/30) of caregivers approached, of which 66.7% (14/21) had clinically significant anxiety and thus were eligible to participate (mean age=55.7 years, 64.3% female). Among enrolled caregivers, 71.4% (10/14) completed ≥ 50% of sessions. In semi-structured interviews, all participants found the intervention helpful and valued the ability to participate remotely via videoconference. Among caregivers who completed at least one session, 80.0% (8/10) completed all assessments and were included in analyses. Post-intervention, caregivers reported reduced anxiety symptoms (P=.02) and improved QoL (P=.03) and coping skills (P=.001). We found no significant change in depression, caregiving burden, or self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Our videoconference-based intervention is feasible and acceptable to caregivers. Participants reported significant improvements in anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and coping skills post-intervention, supporting further investigation of the intervention in a randomized controlled trial.
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Breitbart, William, Barry Rosenfeld, Hayley Pessin, Allison Applebaum, Julia Kulikowski, and Wendy G. Lichtenthal. "Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy: An Effective Intervention for Improving Psychological Well-Being in Patients With Advanced Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7 (March 1, 2015): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.57.2198.
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Purpose To test the efficacy of meaning-centered group psychotherapy (MCGP) to reduce psychological distress and improve spiritual well-being in patients with advanced or terminal cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced cancer (N = 253) were randomly assigned to manualized eight-session interventions of either MCGP or supportive group psychotherapy (SGP). Patients were assessed before and after completing the treatment and 2 months after treatment. The primary outcome measures were spiritual well-being and overall quality of life, with secondary outcome measures assessing depression, hopelessness, desire for hastened death, anxiety, and physical symptom distress. Results Hierarchical linear models that included a priori covariates and only participants who attended ≥ three sessions indicated a significant group × time interaction for most outcome variables. Specifically, patients receiving MCGP showed significantly greater improvement in spiritual well-being and quality of life and significantly greater reductions in depression, hopelessness, desire for hastened death, and physical symptom distress compared with those receiving SGP. No group differences were observed for changes in anxiety. Analyses that included all patients, regardless of whether they attended any treatment sessions (ie, intent-to-treat analyses), and no covariates still showed significant treatment effects (ie, greater benefit for patients receiving MCGP v SGP) for quality of life, depression, and hopelessness but not for other outcome variables. Conclusion This large randomized controlled study provides strong support for the efficacy of MCGP as a treatment for psychological and existential or spiritual distress in patients with advanced cancer.
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von Heymann-Horan, Annika B., Louise B. Puggaard, Kathrine G. Nissen, Kirstine Skov Benthien, Pernille Bidstrup, James Coyne, Christoffer Johansen, et al. "Dyadic psychological intervention for patients with cancer and caregivers in home-based specialized palliative care: The Domus model." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517000141.
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ABSTRACTObjective:Patients with incurable cancer and their informal caregivers have numerous psychological and psychosocial needs. Many of these patients wish to receive their care and die at home. Few home-based specialized palliative care (SPC) interventions systematically integrate psychological support. We present a psychological intervention for patient–caregiver dyads developed for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of home-based SPC, known as Domus, as well as the results of an assessment of its acceptability and feasibility.Method:The Domus model of SPC for patients with incurable cancer and their caregivers offered systematic psychological assessment and dyadic intervention as part of interdisciplinary care. Through accelerated transition to SPC, the aim of the model was to enhance patients' chances of receiving care and dying at home. Integration of psychological support sought to facilitate this goal by alleviating distress in patients and caregivers. Psychologists provided needs-based sessions based on existential-phenomenological therapy. Feasibility and acceptability were investigated by examining enrollment, nonparticipation, and completion of psychological sessions.Results:Enrollment in the RCT and uptake of the psychological intervention indicated that it was feasible and acceptable to patients and caregivers. The strengths of the intervention included its focus on dyads, psychological distress, and existential concerns, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration and psychological interventions offered according to need. Its main limitation was a lack of an intervention for other family members.Significance of Results:Our results show that psychological intervention can be systematically integrated into SPC and that it appears feasible to provide dyadic needs-based sessions with an existential therapeutic approach. The Domus RCT will provide evidence of the efficacy of a novel model of multidisciplinary SPC.
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Liu, Kunyan, Yunfei Duan, and Yilin Wang. "The effectiveness of a web-based positive psychology intervention in enhancing college students' mental well-being." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.10459.
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During the global pandemic, lockdown policies aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19 have been affecting all demographics. Although they may be continuing their studies online, university students may suffer severe mental consequences because of loneliness and social isolation. To help students improve their psychological well-being, we examined the effectiveness of a web-based positive psychology intervention (PPI) with 886 students who either took part in PPI sessions or received health reminders. Results show that the PPI sessions (vs. regular health reminders) significantly improved positive mood and mitigated negative emotions among the students. The positive effect of the intervention also remained consistent at both 3and 6-month follow-ups. These findings indicate that PPI should be embraced at universities to boost college students' psychological state.
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Martin, Timothy James, Coen Butters, and Linny Phuong. "A two-way street: reciprocal teaching and learning in refugee health." Australian Health Review 42, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17055.
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The Water Well Project is a health promotion charity that aims to improve the health literacy of individuals of refugee, asylum seeker and migrant backgrounds. Health literacy is an important predictor of health status, but many Australians cannot demonstrate functional health literacy, and individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are at higher risk of poor health literacy. The primary participants of The Water Well Project’s health education sessions are individuals of refugee, asylum seeker and migrant background, who are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality due to a range of factors. Secondary participants are volunteer healthcare professionals who facilitate these sessions. Because the Water Well Project is a community-centric organisation, the content and delivery of education sessions is shaped by the health literacy needs of the participants. During each session, The Water Well Project aims for a ratio of two volunteer healthcare professionals to every 5–15 participants. Sessions are interactive, with the use of visual aids, and incorporate the services of a professional interpreter when required. Since 2011, over 300 education sessions have been delivered to more than 3000 participants with anticipated flow-on effects to family and friends. The sessions provide a unique opportunity for participants and volunteer healthcare professionals to simultaneously acquire valuable health literacy skills. For participants, this fosters an improved awareness of and trust in the healthcare system; for volunteer healthcare professionals, this affords the opportunity to contribute to the health of vulnerable populations while developing skills in working effectively with interpreters and CALD communities. What is known about this topic? Individuals of CALD backgrounds, including refugees and asylum seekers, are at risk of poor health literacy. Reasons include burden of illness, effects of transition including exposure to psychological and physical trauma, and exposure to new risk factors in country of settlement. What does this paper add? The Water Well Project is a not-for-project, health literacy organisation that provides health education sessions to individuals of refugee, asylum seeker and migrant background. Interactive sessions are provided by volunteer healthcare professionals at the request of established community groups. Evaluation data has demonstrated positive outcomes for session participants, volunteers and referral community organisations. What are the implications for practitioners? Improved health literacy improves the ability of individuals to engage with the health system and improve their own health. Healthcare volunteers gained valuable skills working with CALD communities and interpreters.