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Tyree, Seth D. "Thoughtfulness and Psychological Well-Being." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626422.
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Barcus, Sonja M. "The relationship between religious commitment, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1116296.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between religious commitment, spiritual well-being and psychological well-being in college students. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were administered. Also frequency of church attendance was assessed. Canonical Analysis was used to investigate the data from 425 participants to determine if there is relationship between religious/spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. A statistically significant relationship was found between religious/spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. The following describes the nature of the relationship. First, participants who experience existential well-being tend to be self-accepting and to a lesser extent have mastery of their environment and a purpose in life. Second, participants who experience existential well-being and to a lesser degree, religious well-being tend to accept themselves, have a purpose in life, possess mastery of their environment, positively relate to others, feel they are growing personally, and are autonomous. This study provided evidence of a relationship between religious/spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. Implications and limitations of the study, as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Fruth, Abbey L. "Dating and adolescents' psychological well-being." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1174582879.
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Fairbanks, Megan Ann. "Well-being social+physical+psychological+spiritual /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212127666.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: George Thomas Bible (Committee Chair), Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sept. 7, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: well-being; social; patterns. Includes bibliographical references.
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Perring, Christina. "Personal plan and psychological well-being." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267265.
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FAIRBANKS, MEGAN ANN. "well-being: social+physical+psychological+spiritual." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212127666.
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Green, Morgan. "Religion, health and psychological well-being." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460758.
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De, Andrade Ruaan Kriel. "The relationship between psychological capital and psychological well-being." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020096.
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A study of the available literature on Psychological WellQBeing and Positive Organisational Scholarship revealed that enormous potential existed for further research. This is a relatively new field with limited literature and research evidence available. It became very clear from the beginning that the relationships between these constructs could successfully be researched. It was therefore decided to embark on an academic research journey in order to contribute to the existing knowledge available on these constructs within the South African Private Healthcare Industry. This quantitative research was used to obtain more clarity about the relationships between the two constructs and to gather the responses from the research population. The research sample consisted of 152 nursing staff. Two questionnaires were integrated to develop the Nursing Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire and consisted of i) PsyCap Questionnaire developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio2007, and ii) Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire developed by Ryff 2000. A total of 152 nursing staff responded to an 87–item paperQbased questionnaire. Four research questions were formulated and covered the following: •The content, validity and portability of the measuring instruments; •The configuration of the various constructs; • Relationships between some of the variables . The content and the structure of the measuring instruments were assessed by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and) Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA). These assessments showed that the original measuring instruments are not portable to a culture which is different to the one where they were originally developed. The relationship between dimensions of Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap sense of achievement and optimism is a significant finding. The significance of the findings of this study and the contribution that it makes to the existing theory is seen in the importance of the portability of measuring instruments. Recommendations in this regard have been made in Chapter 5. Various findings have also highlighted the relationships between Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap. The importance of future research topics has been recommended.
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Wiggett, Cindy. "Guide dog ownership and psychological well-being." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1311.
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Millen, Sharon Elizabeth. "Psychological well-being in liver transplant patients." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486564.
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Liver transplantation is a widespread treatment for both acute and chronic liver disease. Previous research has indicated that psychological well-being is strongly associated with positive health outcomes post-transplant. There is also evidence however to suggest a significant level of psychiatric morbidity in patients posttransplant. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate liver transplant surgery according to both physical and psychological results. This study implemented a longitudinal mixed methods approach. The objectives were; to describe the experience of patients awaiting liver transplant surgery, to examine the relationships between psychological state pre-transplant and psychological health status post-transplant; to explore any changes made to an individual's frame of reference used for self-evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and to identify any factors that were associated with this change. One-to-one interviews were conducted with 18 participants with end-stage liver disease (ESLD); 9 ofthese participants were interviewed again at 1 month, 3 months and 9 months post liver transplant. Thematic analysis produced 5 themes across time: impact of liver disease/transplant on patients' life, emotional reaction to liver disease/transplant, methods of coping with liver disease/transplant, support ofothers and perception ofthe future. Quantitative analyses indicated an improvement in HRQoL from pre-transplant to 3 months post-transplant. High levels ofanxiety were evident at I-month post surgery whist depression decreased over time. Optimism scores increased from pretransplant to post 9 months. Response shift effects were observed at all posttransplant time-points with patients rating their HRQoL significantly lower (on average) in retrospect than they did at pre-transplant. The largest response shift occurred at 3-months post-transplant. The occurrence of response shift in HRQoL ratings over time for1his population could have implications for the estimation of the effectiveness ofliver transplant surgery
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Peterson, Christine. "Psychological well-being and female clerical workers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26589.
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This study was conducted to discover the influence of marital and parental status on the psychological well-being of women working in clerical and secretarial occupations. The research is based on Warr and Parry's (1982a) conceptual framework which suggests that occupational involvement (i. e. desire to work), the quality of the nonoccupational environment and the quality of the employment relationship are the three most important clusters of variables influencing the psychological well-being of working women.
Subjects selected for the study were female clerical and secretarial employees of the University of British Columbia. Each participant completed a short questionnaire containing two sections: the first pertained to the recruitment of demographic and personal background information; the second consisted of instruments designed to isolate and measure the above-named dependent variables identified by Warr and Parry (1982a).
The study found that all women, irrespective of life cycle stages, were highly committed to the concept of paid employment. Related to this was the finding that while economic considerations are important motivators, women's desire to work for personal needs is strong and exists irrespective of factors related to economic gains.
The study also found that, as expected, marital and parental status are important determinants of the psychological well-being of working women. While nearly all women were highly committed to the concept of paid employment, married working women revealed the highest psychological well-being, and also were the group most satisfied with family and social life. By contrast, as expected, previously married women showed the lowest psychological well-being, and were significantly less satisfied with family and social life. Furthermore, the issue of multiple roles as a detriment to psychological well-being does not appear to hold true for this study.
In conclusion, the study found that marriage and family continue to be, as they have been historically, factors of central importance in the psychological well-being of women, while the commitment to paid employment is at the same time stronger than ever before.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Modayil, Mary Varughese. "Internet use, social and psychological well-being." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60471.pdf.
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Saravanan, Ponnusamy. "Psychological well-being on thyroid hormone replacement." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/38425/.
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Despite 100 years after the discovery of thyroxine, controversy still exists regarding optimal thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Several anecdotal reports suggest that thyroxine alone therapy does not normalise psychological wellbeing. My cross-sectional study (n=1922) provided the first evidence in support of the hypothesis that a small proportion of patients on thyroxine alone therapy have increased psychological morbidity despite having normal TSH (publication 1). My second study was the largest randomised placebo controlled study to date to compare the effects of thyroxine alone and combined T3/T4 therapy over a 12 months period. This categorically proved that thyroxine alone therapy should be the first choice for hypothyroid patients (publication 2). Further genetic analysis of the deiodinase genes showed that a sub-group of hypothyroid patients with an SNP on D2 gene do have reduced psychological wellbeing on thyroxine alone therapy and improve on combined T3/T4 therapy compared to those without (publication 5). Both these findings were shown only by our study and were possible because of the large size (n=700). Detailed analysis of the various thyroid hormones and their ratio from our study showed that in addition to TSH, free T4 should be taken into account when treating hypothyroid patients (publication 4). My pharmacokinetic study provided the crucial and first evidence of the profiles of thyroid hormones on once a day combined T3/T4 therapy, highlighting the need to use either slow-release T3 or multiple doses of T3 in a day (publication 3). Our invited commentary and review (publications 6-8 & 10) have highlighted the importance of “individualised set points” for thyroid hormones, the complexity of thyroid hormone transport and actions as well as an algorithm for approaching hypothyroid patients. My other work (publication 9) was the first to test the possibility and provided the first evidence of deiodinase gene polymorphisms affecting circulating thyroid hormone levels and their possible role in psychological wellbeing in normal population. Thus, my work in the area, “Psychological wellbeing in patients of thyroid hormone replacement therapy” has provided several landmark findings, resulting in 10 publications including 4 in JCEM, 2 in Lancet and 1 in Clinical Endocrinology.
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Martina, Casullo María, and Solano Alejandro Castro. "Psychological assessment of psychological well being in Argentine adolescent students." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102569.
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The main goal of this study is to develop a brief scale to assess perceived well being in adolescentpopulation. Besides verifying psychometric properties, we identified individual differences between genders, context and age. Participants were adolescent students recruited in three different areas of Argentina (Metropolitan area -Buenos Aires-, Norwest area- Tucuman- and Southwest area Patagonia- ). aged 13 Th. 18. Instruments administered consisted of BIEPS (well being scale) other classics instruments to assess life satisfaction (SWLS and D-T) anda symptom check list (SLC- 90). Results show that classic instruments to assess well being resulted in less reliable instruments to assess perceived life satisfaction considering other theories. Gender, age and context don't seem to affect subjective perception of psychological well being.El objetivo de este estudio es el desarrollo de una escala breve para la evaluación del bienestar psicológico en adolescentes, la revisión de sus características psicométricas. En el mismo sentido se intentó verificar la presencia de diferencias individuales entre el sexo, la edad y el lugar de residencia de los sujetos evaluados. Los participantes son adolescentes entre las edades de 13 a 18 años (N= 1270) de tres regiones de la Argentina (Región Metropolitana, Noroeste y Patagonia). Los instrumentos administrados son la escala de bienestar (BIEPS-J), otras escalas tradicionales para la evaluación de la satisfacción (Escala SWLS y D-T) y un listado de síntomas psicopatológicos (SCL-90). Los resultados señalan que las escalas clásicas que evalúan satisfacción con la vida resultan indicadores poco válidos para una evaluación del bienestar psicológico autopercibido, considerando las dimensiones teóricas comentadas. Las variables género, edad y contexto sociocultural no parecen afectar la percepción subjetiva del bienestar psicológico.
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Andersson, Szabo Sofia. "A Biological And Psychological Profile of Eudaimonia as High Psychological Well-Being." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9684.
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Aristotle (4th century B.C.E/1925) described eudaimonia as “the good life”, and is today commonly understood as eudaimonic well-being (EWB) within research. Despite the long history, the definitions and operationalizations of EWB are diverse and no coherent description or explanation for the biology of EWB exist. Hence, the present thesis reviews current neuroscientific- and additional biological research on EWB. This review reveals EWB to be most frequently operationalized as psychological well-being (PWB) (Ryff, 2014), and is here used as basis for an attempt to explain the biological and psychological profiles of EWB as high PWB. High PWB was characterized by brain activity linked to the reward circuitry, dorsolateral and left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and grey matter (GM) volume in areas of the brainstem and insular cortex. High PWB was also positively related to lower levels of several harmful biomarkers. The proposed psychological profile of high PWB included the psychological functions goal directed behaviour and emotional control. It is hoped that the proposed profiles will serve as inspiration for further exploration of the biology and psychology of human well-being (WB).
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Barrus, Robyn J. "The Impact of Divorce on Physical, Social, Psychological, and Socioeconomic Well-Being." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2698.pdf.
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Edwards, David John. "Sport psychological skills training and psychological well-being in youth athletes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08112008-122715.
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Hanson, Jill. "FIT science in psychological and physical well-being." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2544.
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The present programme of research discusses a series of studies which explore the relationships between individual characteristics and well being. The FIT theory (e.g. Fletcher & Stead, 2000a) was used as a framework. It attempts to explain individual’s cognitions and behaviours using two broad dimensions: an ‘Inner’ dimension which details factors used to guide decision making (a cognitive dimension), and an ‘Outer’ dimension which focuses on behaviour. The research explored whether FIT was directly or indirectly related to well being. Initial findings from an exploratory, cross-sectional, study revealed that individuals with greater ‘Inner’ FITness demonstrated significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression. They also perceived their work and personal projects more positively. Individuals with greater ‘Outer’ FITness were found to demonstrate better physical well being. This latter finding was replicated in the second study which explored why individuals with reater ‘Outer’ FITness would demonstrate a significantly lower Body Mass Index (BMI). The results showed that ‘Outer’ FITness did not relate to weight management behaviours, such as controlling calorie intake or regular exercise, measured over a week, via the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (e.g. Ajzen, 1991). It was hypothesised that it may instead be underpinned by habitual behaviour. Study 3 explored whether ‘Outer’ FITness could be trained and whether this would impact on habits and BMI. A longitudinal pilot intervention was run which encouraged individuals to Do Something Different in order to change habits and facilitate weight loss. Doing something different did increase ‘Outer’ FITness and this increase had a ‘dose-response- relationship with BMI change – the greater the increase in ‘Outer’ FITness, the greater the decrease in BMI. This was accompanied by changes to dietary and exercise behaviours. A qualitative follow up of a sub-sample revealed that doing something different did facilitate changes to some habitual behaviours but the formation of implementation intention plans was also a significant contributor to weight loss. Further research is required to elucidate the exact relationship between behavioural flexibility, habitual behaviour and weight loss.
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Bryant, Deborah C. "The relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41544.
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Religion has traditionally provided the individual with a sense of meaning, belonging and comfort, and is commonly assumed to provide a basis for sound mental health and general well-being. Empirical research supporting this notion has, however, been less than convincing.
Master of Science
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Shen, Shuying. "Consumer Debt, Psychological Well-being, and Social Influence." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376670509.
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Sakel, Katie L. "Age differences in religiousness and psychological well-being." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1560159172515105.
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O'Donnell, Ursula. "Infant feeding methods and mothers' psychological well-being." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6403/.
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Objective: The present study aims to develop a better understanding of how different feeding methods impact upon the psychological health of mothers. Background: Initiation of breastfeeding in Scotland is 74% (exclusive or partial) with prevalence of breastfeeding falling to 47% at 10 days and to 37% at six weeks. The chosen feeding method a mother uses for feeding her infant can impact upon her psychologically but studies have reported inconsistently as to whether breastfeeding or formula-feeding is associated with psychological distress. Methodological limitations, including classification of feeding method, the use of unsuitable measures and assessing psychological health at wide ranging time-points preclude any definite conclusions being made. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 58 mothers with a biological child aged between eight weeks and six months. Twenty-six mothers were self-reported as breastfeeding exclusively, 10 formula-feeding exclusively and 22 formula-feeding following weaning from breast. Participants completed five self-reported psychological health and distress measures, with scores being compared between feeding groups. Results & Conclusions: Mothers who weaned onto formula, after initially trying to breastfeed, experienced higher depression and negative affect compared to mothers who exclusively formula-fed. Mothers who were unable to feed as intended appeared to be more psychologically vulnerable. This has implications for clinicians and policy makers who need to be aware that support may be needed for this group.
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Walker, Mark Henry. "The self, social networks, and psychological well-being." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1788.
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In daily life, individuals participate in multiple social roles. According to sociological theories of the self, the social roles individuals participate in are fundamental to individuals' self-concepts. For example, one's role as a mother, lawyer, volunteer, and student are important aspects of one's overall self-view. Additionally, these role-based identities provide behavioral guidance and have important implications emotions and psychological well-being. However, little is known about how the relationship between the meanings of the various identities an individual participates in impacts identity processes and mental health. Additionally, although identities are thought to be embedded in different social groups (e.g., work, family, and church), and these role-based groups are viewed as essential in identity development and role-performance, little is known about how the structure of social networks impacts identity processes.
The purpose of this dissertation is to lay the theoretical scaffolding for a more holistic view of the multiple-identity-self. I highlight four key weaknesses in current treatments of multiple identities. First, the potential impact of the relationship between identity meanings on emotions and interaction is often glossed over or ignored by current research in identity theory. Second, current theoretical treatments of the self-structure do not incorporate the fact that individuals are able to reflect on themselves as a general social object. Third, in the absence of a theory of self-structure that ties identity meanings together, identity theory's ability to make long-term predictions about mental health outcomes is severely limited. Fourth, although one's identities are embedded in multiple social groups, the structure of social relations within and between an individual's social groups is given very little attention in current theory and research.
Overall, my findings suggest that 1) participating in social roles that align with an individual's view of themselves "as they truly are" (i.e., core self meanings) is associated with reductions in depression, 2) working parents who participate in occupations that are viewed as incompatible with their parental identity report lower levels of psychological well-being, and 3) the impact of network density is depends on whether or not one belongs to a self-affirming social environment.
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Gaffney, J. G. "The narcissistic self : psychoanalytic aspects of psychological well being." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398160.
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Brough, Paula Ann. "A longitudinal investigation of police officers' psychological well-being." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246272.
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Grima, Emanuela Maria. "Illness perceptions and psychological well-being in cancer survivors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6429/.
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Volume one of this thesis (the research component) includes a systematic literature review and an empirical study. The literature review evaluates the existing research on the relationship between illness perceptions and psychosocial outcomes in female cancer patients. Psychosocial factors including psychological well -being, quality of life, social and emotional support and changes in health practices were found to be related to one or more illness perception domains. A pattern of relationships between negative ill ness perceptions and poor psychosocial outcomes was found across studies. Future studies are necessary in order to clarify these relationships further. The empirical study investigated the relationship between illness perceptions, resilience and psychological well-being in cancer survivors. It was hypothesised that those with a lower resilience and more negative illness perceptions would have a poorer quality of life and poorer psychological outcomes. Results are in line with previous studies, showing that resilience and illness perceptions are significantly related to psycho logical well-being in cancer survivors. Volume two of this thesis (the clinical component) presents five clinical practice reports (CPRs).
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Wood, Lesley. "Older people's psychological well-being in full-time care." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50467/.
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Churchyard, Jamie Stuart. "Within-person variation in personality and psychological well-being." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15432.
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Personality is one of the most broad and complex areas in psychology. This has led to many researchers attempting to reduce this complexity by focusing solely on how habitual personality differs between each individual (inter-individual differences). This is important to study, but it has been focused on so heavily that research into how each individual personality varies within the person (intra-individual differences) has been neglected in comparison. Recent research has started to examine intra-individual variation in personality more thoroughly. One research aim of this programme was to establish the nature of several different types of within person variability including inter-item variation (variation within the test responses for a personality trait), and cross-contextual variation in personality (variation according to context), to see whether these types of variability are associated with psychological outcomes. Three research questions were examined to this end: 1) What is the extent of meaningful variability in personality trait test responding? 2) What are the predictors of intra-individual variability in personality? 3) What is the relative importance of the person and situational factors in personality variability? The first question was developed to try and determine whether the individual can display meaningful inter-item variation in ratings of specific behaviours within personality trait measures. Trait questionnaires are usually only analysed at the between subject level, and within subject variation in inter-item ratings have not been extensively examined in relation to meaningful psychological outcomes. The second and third questions were developed to look into the nature of cross-contextual personality, and establish whether within person personality differences are influenced more strongly by the person or situation. The studies conducted towards answering these questions demonstrated a person-based capacity to display intra-individual variability. A second aim of the research programme was to see whether the capacity to display these types of variability can be utilised in behaviour change. The fourth research question was developed to try and understand how a person can display intra-individual variability, yet still be resistant to changing negative habits: 4) How do the different aspects in personality variability help explain why some people are resistant to change, especially with regard to behaviours that are bad for them? This question was answered by theoretically discussing the findings from the three previous studies which proposed that positive or problematic behaviour could be interpreted with a simple path to understand the process of behavioural action: The individual receives feedback from a behaviour response which either validates or invalidates their action in the situation context (does or does not receive a desired outcome). Reinforcement of the behaviour happens if it is validated by positive feedback. Alternately reconstruction of the situation happens if the behaviour is invalidated. This allows for two types of intra-individual variability. One is flexibility in behaviour responses to different situations under the individual’s control. The other is change according to the situation, where the behaviour is invalidated and an alternative is attempted. A problematic behaviour may have benefit in stopping something invalidating, but if repeated it may become a habit needed for psychological functioning. As part of the second research aim a behaviour change strategy was developed and piloted to try and bring the individual closer to their construct of the ideal self. Instructions were provided for the individual to experiment with that differed from their disposition. The programmes had varied degrees of success depending on the participant. The implications for personality research and behaviour change are discussed.
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Oaker, Brandon. "The relationship between multidimensional psychological well-being and poverty." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31428.
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Evidence from various academic fields indicates that mental health and income are correlated. Additionally, evidence exists that an increase in income improves psychological well-being and evidence that poor psychological well-being negatively impacts income. The difficulty is that there is no definitive work pinpointing the direction of the causal relationship between income and psychological well-being, but studies are attempting to find out. Hence, this paper attempts to contribute to ongoing work with an IV estimation approach to determine the causal effects of psychological well-being on poverty. Using data provided by Haushofer and Shapiro, this paper finds evidence that an increase in income causes a reduction in depression and stress levels, along with increases in happiness and life satisfaction of the study participants. Additionally, it is found that these improvements in psychological well-being lead to increases in monthly household expenditure, especially health care. Furthermore, these findings indicate that when women receive a cash transfer, a significant proportion of that transfer is devoted to health care. All the estimates presented in the paper indicate that an improvement in economic well-being leads to an improvement in the mental health of the poor, which causes them to spend more and focus more on their health care.
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Glass, Yvonne N. "African American Women, Psychological Well-being, Religiosity, and Stress." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416416324.
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Mabota, Princess Martinah. "Psychological well-being of volunteer counselling and testing counsellors." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33375.
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In the South African public health care system, HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) has
become a function that is routinely entrusted to lay counsellors. These counsellors are expected
to educate clients about HIV and AIDS, encourage them to be tested and convince them to
change risky behavioural practices. They have to convey the clients’ test results and assist those
who test HIV-positive and their families to cope with the psychological challenges associated
with the diagnosis. The counsellors occupy the front line of HIV and AIDS service delivery,
even though they are not formally employed in the health care system. They only have basic
training and are not adequately remunerated. The counsellors are confronted with psychological
and structural stressors in their work. Psychological stressors include the impact of emotionally
challenging work, the lack of appropriate training, debriefing and supervision. Because they are
not formally employed in the health care system, there is a lack of formal supervision or
channels to discuss their frustrations. This research focuses on the stressors which HIV
counsellors experience, how they cope, and the impact it has on their psychological well-being.
As part of the mixed methods approach 50 HCT counsellors working at the City of
Tshwane clinics completed the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, the Maslach Burnout
Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI- HSS), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression scale (CES-D), and the Brief COPE scale to assess their psychological well-being.
In addition, they participated in focus group discussions. EQ-i scores indicated that counsellors reported below average emotional skills, with the overall
group score of (88.76). Scores that indicated average emotional skills were Self-Regard (101),
Interpersonal Relationships (100.12), and Impulse Control (102.66). Scores that indicated low
emotional skills were Independence (86.66), Self-Actualization (88.28), and Reality Testing (83.94). Although they reported high levels of Emotional Exhaustion (27.66), they also have a
sense of high Personal Accomplishment (38.64) (MBI-HSS). Counsellors reported an overall
CES-D score which was indicative of mild depression (26.08). Counsellors used mostly positive
coping skills that included religion, planning, and direct action in coping with stressors in their
lives. In a regression analysis with depression as the dependent variable, there was a positive
relationship between depression and depersonalization and a negative relationship with positive
or active coping and assertiveness.
It was concluded that counsellors experienced some depression, emotional exhaustion,
and lower than average levels of emotional well-being. Despite that, they reported positive ways
of coping and high levels of personal accomplishment. Counsellors were motivated by their
sense of altruism, compassion towards their clients, the positive changes they see in client’s lives
as well as the reciprocal relationships they have formed with their clients. Counsellors thus have
strengths to cope with the high level of stressors and challenges related to their work. It can be
concluded that their state of mental health is in line with Keyes’ proposal that mental health
forms a continuum. They fluctuate between mental well-being and mental ill-being. However, it
is necessary to assist HCT counsellors to develop their emotional capacities to enable them to
enhance their ability to counsel their clients effectively.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Psychology
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Bar-On, Reuven. "The development of a concept of psychological well-being." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002437.
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This thesis focuses on the development of an operational and theoretically eclectic concept of psychological well-being. A comprehensive research strategy was employed to examine various personality factors thought to be components of psychological health (i.e., the basis of the proposed concept). The general approach involved four major phases: (1) the clustering of various variables and identification of underlying key factors purported to be related to psychological health based on the writer's clinical experience and review of the mental health literature, (2) the formulation of an ~ priori concept of psychological well-being based on the operational definition of those factors, (3) the construction of an inventory designed to examine the proposed concept, and (4) the interpretation of the results and their implications for the development of the overall concept based on the examination of the factorial structure, validity and reliability of the inventory. The"a posteriori concept" evolved out of this process. The results of the present study indicate that the most valid and reliable factorial components of psychological well-being are self regard,interpersonal relationship, independence, problem-solving, assertiveness,reality testing, stress tolerance, self-actualization and happiness; social responsibility and flexibility emerged as questionable components of the a posteriori concept. The inventory which was designed to study the concept was successful in significantly differentiating various levels of psychological health. This way of conceptualizing and assessing psychological well-being has potential applicability for mental health practitioners and researchers.
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Fellows, Kaylene Joy. "Materialism and Psychological Well-being: A Meta-analytic Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3864.
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The scholarly study of materialism is becoming more common in a variety of disciplines. This thesis provides an empirical review of this burgeoning body of literature by conducting a meta-analysis of the relationship between materialism and psychological well-being. A weighted overall effect size from 47 published and unpublished samples indicated that materialism was significantly related to lower psychological well-being. This effect size was modest in strength (r = .159). Materialism scale, psychological scale valance, age of sample, and publication status of the study did not moderate this relationship. Culture did moderate the relationship, with a stronger relationship in individualistic cultures than in collectivist cultures. Implications for individuals, professionals, and organizations are discussed, and critiques of the extant literature, as well as suggestions for future research, are offered.
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Armstrong, Dorothy Sheilah. "Psychological well-being and spirituality: Constituents of successful aging." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1801.
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Dirksen, Shannon Elaine Ruff. "Subjective well-being in patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184289.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model which predicted subjective well-being in patients who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. The theoretical model was developed from empirical findings based on a review of the literature in which health locus of control, social support and self-esteem were identified as significant predictors of well-being. The specific aim of this study was to examine the strength of the predicted relationships between selected psychosocial variables and subjective well-being. The study utilized a nonexperimental correlational design with a causal modeling approach. The convenience sample was composed of 75 individuals (x age = 52.5) who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Subjects completed four instruments which measured the theoretical concepts under study. Two additional instruments were administered which indexed the variables of search for meaning and concern of recurrence. Descriptive statistics were used in examining the demographic and situational characteristics of the sample. Multiple regression techniques were utilized to empirically test the predicted theoretical relationships and to estimate predictive validity for the theoretical concepts. Graphic residual analysis was performed to assess for violations in the statistical and causal model assumptions. Study findings revealed that social support had a direct positive impact on self-esteem (B =.27, R² =.06) and that self-esteem had a direct positive impact on well-being (B =.49, R² =.37). The two demographic variables of employment and income were found to have a direct positive impact on well-being (B =.22 and B =.26, respectively), and resulted in a 10% increase in the total explained variance in well-being. The theoretical model, which was generated to predict subjective well-being in malignant melanoma patients, explained 47% of the total variance in well-being. Research into the variables which influence patient well-being during the cancer experience is vital if nursing is to implement therapeutic interventions which will promote an improved life quality. By intervening with nursing actions that focus on a positive self-esteem, a greater sense of well-being could be attained by individuals diagnosed with cancer.
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Löfman, Jimi. "Straining work and psychological well-being : A quantitative study examining the effects of straining work on psychological well-being over a lifetime of work." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157311.
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Previous research has shown that work-related stress is associated with various types of negative health outcomes. With work being a large part of individuals’ lives, looking at the effects of straining work over a lifetime of work is therefore relevant in order to understand how the work environment affects health. This study will investigate the work environment by the demands and control individuals have at their workplace. Life course theory combined with the theory of cumulative advantage/disadvantage will help to create a framework for studying long-term and cumulative effects of the work environment on psychological well-being. Thus, the aim of the study is a) to understand how job strain affects psychological well-being and b) to provide knowledge on long-term effects of job strain on psychological well-being. The findings are based on panel data from the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey from the years 1981-2010, with 9-10 years between the measurement periods. High strain jobs (high demands and low control) are shown to have the most damaging effects on psychological well-being, whereas low strain jobs (low demands and high control) are shown to be the least damaging work environment. No significant long-term effects are found.
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Gurel, Nergis Ayse. "Effects Of Thinking Styles And Gender On Psychological Well-being." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611092/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the current study is to investigate how global and local thinking styles affect psychological well-being among undergraduate students. A total of 372 (213 females and 159 males) students at Middle East Technical University participated in this study. The qualitative data were gathered via self-report questionnaires including Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Thinking Styles Inventory and a demographic information form. To be able to determine the differences between psychological well-being due to global thinking and local thinking scores as well as gender, ANOVA was held. The results revealed a significant difference between high and low scorers of local thinking in terms of psychological well-being when the global thinking style was low. In addition, the findings indicated that for higher levels of psychological well-being individuals need to adopt one of the styles and report higher levels on that adopted style. On the other hand, the statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between high scorers of global thinking and low scorers of global thinking on psychological well-being. Additionally, no significant difference found between high scorers and low scorers of local thinking in terms of psychological well-being. Upon the examination of gender related findings, it was found that females reported higher levels of psychological well-being compared to males while males reported higher levels of global thinking than females did.
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Noad, Rupert Francis. "The importance of positive cognitive processes in psychological well-being." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273324.
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Ternowski, Daryl Ray. "Physical activity and psychological well-being in an adolescent population." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/MQ51487.pdf.
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Walmsley, Lee A. "The Psychological Well-Being of Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/17.
Full textAbstract:
Prostate cancer (PC) affects one in eight men in North America and continues to be the most common site of cancer in males, especially among older men in Europe and the United States, and the second most common cancer worldwide. Prostate cancer is, after lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among men with an estimated 27,540 deaths in 2015.
The well-being of patients diagnosed with PC is a largely unexplored research area. Numerous factors likely impact men’s psychological well-being as they progress through the experience of managing PC. Among the various factors that may predict psychological well-being for these men, social support, marital adjustment, and emotional expressiveness seem to warrant investigation based on the research literature. “Psychological well-being” as described by Ryff offers a unique way of measuring psychological functioning of men diagnosed with PC and appears to be a multidimensional view of positive psychological functioning.
Little research has been conducted to examine how various factors influence psychological well-being in men with PC. The purpose of the study was to examine correlates and predictors of overall psychological well-being in a sample of men diagnosed with PC. Independent variables included three psychological factors-social support, marital adjustment, and emotional expressiveness. The design of the study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Measures used included: a demographic questionnaire, Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Expression of Emotion Scale, and a Visual Analog Scale of Social Support. Data analyses examined three predictors and the dependent variable–total psychological well-being. Findings show that marital adjustment significantly predicts total psychosocial well-being scores in men diagnosed with cancer in a positive direction. Implications for therapeutic practice and future research are discussed. Lack of support may place men diagnosed with prostate cancer at risk for poorer psychological well-being. Identification of at-risk men and referral to support services may improve overall psychological well-being
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Nel, Lynette. "Clarifying the interpersonal component of psychological well-being / Lynette Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/181.
Full textAbstract:
Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om die interpersoonlike komponent van
psigologiese welsyn te verhelder. Vanuit die literatuur is dit duidelik dat psigologiese
welsyn 'n interpersoonlike komponent bevat, maar ook dat dit op verskillende wyses
gekonseptualiseer word. Die aard van interpersoonlike welsyn is dus nog nie duidelik
nie, en dit is ook nie duidelik in watter mate indikatore van interpersoonlike welsyn
oorvleuel met indikatore van algemene psigologiese welsyn nie.
In 'n empiriese ondersoek het 'n multi-kulturele beskikbaarheidsteekproef van 384
persone, 8 rneetinstrumente of hul sub-skale voltooi ter meting van algemene
psigologiese welsyn en konstrukte wat interpersoonlike welsyn verteenwoordig.
Interpersoonlike welsyn is geoperasiodi met behulp van die BarOn Emotional
Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) van Bar-ON (1997), die Fortitude Questionnaire (FORQ)
van Pretorius (1998), die Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) van Costa
& Mc Crae (1992) en die Attachmeat Style Questionnaire (AS) van Feeney, Noller & Hanrahan (1994). Psigologiese welsyn is geoperasionaliseer vanuit 'n fortigene persperktief met die Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) van Antonovsky (1989), die Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) van Diener, Emmons, Larsen en Griffen (1985),
en die Affectometer 2 (AFM) van Kammann en Flett (1983), sowel as vanuit 'n
patogene perspektief, met behulp van die General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) van
Goldberg en Hillier (1979).
Goeie betroubaarheidsindekse is vir alle skale en subskale gevind. Gemiddeldes van
alle skale en subskale was vergelykbaar met die wat in die literatuur gerapporteer is vir
ander soortgelyke groepe.
Die resultate toon dat interpersoonlike welsyn in 'n mate oorvleuel met algemene
psigologiese welsyn, maar as dit ook 'n afsonderlike komponent of dimensie van
van
psigologiese welsyn vorm. Bevindings toon ook twee onderskeibare patrone van
interpersoonlike welsyn. Die eerste een word primer uitgedruk in die uitreiking na
ander, omgee-gedrag, 'n houding van nederigheid in nabye verhoudings asook
verantwoordelikheid teenoor ander in die groter sosiale konteks. Die tweede patroon
word gekenmerk deur 'n geniet van sosiale interaksie en 'n houding van gemak en
assertiwiteit in nabye sowel as wyer sosiale kontekst Hierdie onderskeid hou
moontlik verband met persoonlikheidsverskille soos inskiklikheid versus ekstraversie.
Implikasies van die bevindinge vir psigoterapie en lewensvaardigheidsontwikkeling
word aangedui.Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Law, Colleen Ashleigh. "Psychological well-being and uniqueness seeking behaviour / Colleen Ashleigh La." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/836.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological wellbeing
and uniqueness seeking behaviour. Early research in psychology has primarily followed a
pathogenic approach, focusing on the way in which stressful life events predispose an individual to
negative health outcomes. More recently a number of theorists and researchers have adopted a
salutogenic approach, which refers to the origins of physical and mental health and explores the
factors that assist individuals to maintain psychological and physical well-being in the face of
stressful situations (Antonovsky. 1979 & 1987; Pallant & Lae, 2002). Uniqueness seeking is a
relatively new construct that seems to be part of the repertoire of strengths an individual uses to
improve psychological well-being. Theorists postulate that moderate needs for uniqueness are
experienced more positively than extremely high or extremely low needs for uniqueness. (Lynn &
Snyder, 2002 and Snyder & Fromkin, 1980).
The study aims to determine the difference in psychological well-being in individuals with
varying needs for uniqueness; to explore the perceptions and subjective experience of uniqueness
seeking; and to explore the role uniqueness seeking plays in consumer behaviour. The
psychometric properties of two scales measuring uniqueness will also be investigated, as they have
not previously been used in a South African sample. To achieve these aims an availability sample
of 187 students completed self-report measures of psychological well-being and uniqueness seeking
behaviour namely, the Orientation to Life Scale (Antonovsky. 1987), the Self Attributed Need for
Uniqueness Scale (Lynn and Harris, 1997b) and the Desire for Unique Consumer Products Scale
(Lynn and Harris, 1997a). Sixteen of these students participated in focus groups in order to explore
the participants' subjective experience of being unique. A further 13 participants took part in focus
groups in order to explore the role uniqueness seeking plays in consumer behaviour.
The measures were found to be reliable in this particular group and the means and standard
deviations calculated were comparable with those mentioned in literature. No direct relationship
between psychological well-being and uniqueness seeking was found, nor was it found that
differences in psychological well-being exist between individuals with a moderate sense of
uniqueness and individuals with a high or low sense of uniqueness. Individuals perceive
uniqueness to be a quality that emerges naturally through the expression of the self and that actively
seeking to be unique or not is rather due to a poor self-image. It was further found that individuals
would go to some length to protect their sense of uniqueness, that most individuals preferred a sense
of moderate uniqueness to either extremely high or extremely low sense of uniqueness, and that
most individuals are satisfied with their level of uniqueness. Individuals described feeling happy
and more confident when they perceived themselves to be unique. These individuals believe that
the stage of life they are in and significant others play a role in determining the way in which
uniqueness will have meaningful expression for them. Uniqueness seeking does not play as big a
role in consumer behaviour as was expected, however, it does influence the consumption of
consumer goods to a certain extent.
It is therefore concluded that uniqueness seeking influences psychological well-being
indirectly by the relationship it has with self-image. self-identity, self-confidence, group
identifications, and subjective happiness. These findings have implications for future research in
that the need for a valid and reliable instrument measuring uniqueness for use in South African
samples is highlighted. The findings further clarify the uniqueness seeking construct thus
contributing to the literary database of constructs that play a role in psychological well-being.Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Lucia, Danielle. "Yoga and psychological wellness, physical wellness, and subjective well-being." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615864.
Full textAbstract:
This survey-based observational study was designed to study an individual's Yoga experience as it relates to psychological wellness, physical wellness, and subjective well-being. Men and women ages 18–85 were recruited though Yoga studio participation and through word of mouth. They answered demographic question as well as items from four differential scales. Dependent variables included physical wellness, life satisfaction, mindfulness, and subjective vitality.
Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results indicated that Yoga participants perceive higher levels of mental wellness, physical wellness, and subjective well-being. Additionally, Yoga participants, as compared to non-Yoga participants, were more likely to perceive higher levels of perceived wellness, in almost all domains tested, than exercisers versus nonexercisers.
The results of this study bring merit to Yoga participants' perception of wellness. Further studies could investigate a variety of topics. Understanding how long it takes a Yoga participant to feel higher levels of perceived wellness may be useful in designing intervention studies. Additionally, looking at different styles of Yoga, specifically āsana, meditation, and pranayama techniques, and implementation (home versus studio) would be useful in the design of future research studies.
Anecdotally, most Yoga participants would agree that practicing Yoga benefits their overall wellness. This study offers empirical evidence that Yoga participants experience higher levels of perceived wellness than non-Yoga participants. This research is significant as it validates the role Yoga plays in the health and well-being of participants.
Keywords: Yoga, Wellness, Well-Being, Quantitative, Observational, Life Satisfaction, Mindfulness, Survey.
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Koutsopoulou, Zografo Gina. "Meaning in life and psychological well-being in older adults." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416235.
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Beckley, Paul. "Identity-complexity, stigmatised identities and psychological well-being in adolescents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13926.
Full textAbstract:
Research suggests that people define themselves, at least in part, in terms of their group memberships and that their psychology often depends on the state of the groups that defines the self (Haslam, Jetten, Postmes, & Haslam, 2009). Historically, the number of social groups in which people are active or with which they identity is seen as social capital and as leading to better mental health (e.g. identity-complexity, or social complexity, Linville, 1987). As such, social and clinical psychologists generally advocate and perpetuate the idea that multiple group membership and complex patterns of identification is psychologically beneficial to individuals. However, is identity-complexity straightforwardly positive for everyone? The current study examined how issues of identity-complexity are associated with psychological well-being in a young population (16-25). We hypothesised that identity-complexity might not be straightforwardly positive when multiple identities conflict with one another or when particular groups are stigmatised. The sample was made up of 464 young persons from a variety of social, cultural, economic, and educational backgrounds in schools, colleges, and universities. As hypothesised, participants who reported multiple identity conflicts and stigma were found to have less resilience and life satisfaction, and more depression and anxiety. Notably, findings also revealed that while it was psychologically advantageous for White participants to belong to multiple groups, the reverse was found for Black participants. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. Results provide further insight on the relationship between multiple group membership and well-being.
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Oldfield, Ben. "Digital communications, social support and psychological well-being in adolescents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36009.
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Concerns about potential adverse socio-psychological consequences have commonly accompanied the introduction of new communication media. These have often been focused on the effects of media on the younger and vulnerable sectors of society. The present research examines on line text-based communications and the use of mobile phones specifically in terms of the role and function of SMS text messages by young people. The role of these media is conceived widely so as not to concentrate on any adverse influences but their use in the normal everyday social experiences of young people. Young people constitute a major sector of the consumers of these digital media. Social support is conceived as an important function of text-based digital communications just as it has been demonstrated to be crucial to a great deal of socio-psychological functioning. In order to assess the impact of the digital media on psychological functioning, the concept of psychological well-being is employed to be indicative of the absence of significant levels of psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, loneliness and depression.
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Choudhury, Deba. "Religiosity and psychological well-being in South Asian Muslim women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/175715/.
Full textAbstract:
Religiosity has been researched in relation to psychological well-being through assessing cognitive and behavioural components of religion (e.g. prayer). The lack of consensus in defining and measuring religiosity is a complex matter. Different forms of religiosity are measured in relation to positive and negative psychological well-being. The literature review identifies orthodoxy and spirituality as two forms of religiosity. Research is examined in detail to establish how orthodoxy relates to negative well-being whereas, spirituality associates with positive well-being. Shame is a distressing emotion that involves negative evaluations of the self. Whereas, self-compassion is contrasted in that a positive relationship with the self is evident. Since shame and self-compassion are opposite constructs the prediction was that orthodoxy may relate to greater shame and lower self-compassion, whereas spirituality may associate with lower shame and greater self-compassion. The empirical research explored how both forms of religiosity; orthodoxy and spirituality relate to shame and self-compassion in South Asian (SA) Muslim women. The study’s qualitative component explored the conceptualisation of shame. The results show that orthodoxy and spirituality are related yet distinct entities. Greater shame associates with lower self-compassion. No significant association was detected between shame and both forms of religiosity. Orthodoxy negatively correlated with self-compassion. That is a unique finding since this had never been researched previously. The qualitative component enabled the development of a process model for shame experience pertinent to this population that may be relevant for clinical practice. Implications of these findings, the study’s limitations and recommendations for future research are debated.
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Barren, Tanisha. "An Examination of Psychological Well-Being Among Black College Students." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo154350250526121.
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Berlin, Kelly. "The Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Students' Psychological Well-Being." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1548856024417893.
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Ma, Shang-Min. "Relationships among psychological well-being, leisure negotiation, and leisure participation." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324542.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 12, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3317. Adviser: Lynn M. Jamieson.