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1
Cloitre, Marylene, Lisa R. Cohen, and Polly Scarvalone. "Understanding Revictimization Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: An Interpersonal Schema Approach." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 16, no. 1 (2002): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.16.1.91.63698.
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Revictimization among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse was investigated within the context of a developmental model of interpersonal schemas. Data from the Interpersonal Schema Questionnaire (ISQ) revealed contrasting schema characteristics among sexually revictimized women (those sexually abused in childhood and sexually assaulted in adulthood) (n = 26), compared to those only abused in childhood (n = 18), and those never abused or assaulted (n = 25). Both revictimized women and never victimized women significantly generalized their predominant parental schemas to current relationships and differed only in the content of the schemas. The generalized parental schema of revictimized women viewed others as hostile and controlling while that of never victimized women viewed others as warm and noncontrolling. Women who had only been abused in childhood held schemas of parents as hostile but not controlling and did not generalize from parental to current schemas. The tendency to generalize observed in the first two groups suggest that “repetition compulsion” is not limited to those who were traumatized and are psychologically distressed. In this article, reasons for the absence of generalization among the childhood abuse only group are explored and implications for the treatment of childhood trauma survivors are discussed.
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Matud, M. Pilar. "Domestic Abuse and Children's Health in the Canary Islands, Spain." European Psychologist 12, no. 1 (2007): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.45.
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This study analyzed the association between domestic partner abuse and children's health. The sample consisted of 420 abused women with at least one child, for a total of 406 female children and 504 male children in 420 households. The women reported that one or more of their children had psychological problems in 27.4% of the cases, 13.6% reported physical health problems, and 7.6% reported both psychological and physical health problems. Externalizing problems were reported most frequently (in 11.7% of the children), while internalizing problems were reported in 5.6% of the children. A greater percentage of children with psychological and physical health problems was found in families in which the abusive partner was also abusive toward the children. We found better mental health in children whose mothers did not abuse them. Women whose children did not exhibit physical or mental health problems were younger, had suffered fewer years of abuse, and had fewer children than the women whose children exhibited health problems.
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Mittal, Mona, Kathryn Resch, Corey Nichols-Hadeed, et al. "Examining Associations Between Strangulation and Depressive Symptoms in Women With Intimate Partner Violence Histories." Violence and Victims 33, no. 6 (2018): 1072–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.33.6.1072.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor mental health outcomes among women. Studies on IPV and mental health show that experiencing more than one type of IPV often enhances women’s depression or depressive symptoms. However, most of these studies conceptualize IPV as physical, psychological, or sexual violence. Little is known about specific experiences of severe IPV, such as strangulation, that put victims at greater risk of lethality and serious injury and their association with women’s depression. This study examined associations between IPV, strangulation, and depression among women using secondary data collected for a randomized clinical trial testing an integrated HIV–IPV prevention intervention for abused women. Women were recruited from healthcare service delivery organizations, Department of Health and Human Services, and family court. Women (n = 175) completed assessments on IPV, strangulation, mental health, social support, and self-esteem. The majority reported strangulation (n = 103) and depressive symptoms (n = 101). Women who experienced strangulation also reported more severe physical (p < .001), sexual (p < .001), and psychological (p < .001) abuse. However, in multivariate logistic regression with sociodemographics, violence variables, and strangulation, none of these variables were associated with a higher risk for depressive symptoms. Social support had a protective effect on depressive symptoms. Findings suggest strangulation is prevalent among abused women seeking services, warranting screening, assessment, and referral in these settings.
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Testa, Maria, Brenda A. Miller, William R. Downs, and Denise Panek. "The Moderating Impact of Social Support Following Childhood Sexual Abuse." Violence and Victims 7, no. 2 (1992): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.7.2.173.
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The role of social support in moderating the impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult psychological adjustment was examined. Subjects included 475 women, age 18-45, some of whom were currently receiving treatment, others who were not. Women in the treatment group were receiving therapy for either alcoholism, for being battered, or for mental health problems. The comparison group was drawn from two sources: a random household sample and a sample of women attending drinking driver classes. Among both groups, women who had been sexually abused exhibited more psychological symptoms and lower self-esteem compared to those who were not abused. Latency of disclosure of childhood sexual abuse had no impact on long-term consequences of the abuse for either the treatment or the comparison group. However, among women in the comparison group, those who experienced supportive reactions following disclosure of sexual abuse had fewer psychological symptoms and somewhat higher self-esteem relative to those who did not receive support. Social support had no apparent effect on the long-term adjustment of women in the treatment group. Possible explanations for this pattern and directions for future research are discussed.
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Kizilhan, Jan Ilhan, Florian Steger, and Michael Noll-Hussong. "Shame, dissociative seizures and their correlation among traumatised female Yazidi with experience of sexual violence." British Journal of Psychiatry 216, no. 3 (2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.2.
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BackgroundSurvivors of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) captivity are at high risk of developing mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsThis study looks at the correlation between sexual abuse, shame, somatoform or bodily distress disorders, and dissociative seizures (psychogenic non-epileptic seizures).MethodThe psychological effects of traumatic events and dissociative seizure were assessed in Yazidi women who were held captive by ISIS in Northern Iraq between 2014 and 2018. These effects were examined comparing 64 women who were held captive and sexually abused by ISIS with 60 women suffering from PTSD who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Structured clinical-psychological interviews and established psychometric questionnaires were used to assess mental disorders especially dissociative seizures and somatoform disorders, and shame related to trauma.ResultsWomen who were held captive by ISIS showed a significantly higher prevalence of dissociative seizures (43.7%; P = 0.02) and somatisation disorder (38.7%; P = 0.02), as well as depressive (75.0%; P = 0.42) and anxiety disorders (62.5%; P = 0.44), than women who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Dissociative disorders were identified in 40.6% (P = 0.36) of those female Yazidi who experienced sexual violence while being held captive.ConclusionsShame in connection with sexual violence seems to play an important role in negative self-perception after rape. Dissociation not only plays an important role in unprocessed childhood trauma with feelings of shame, but also in more recent trauma experiences with shame.
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Torres, Sara, and Hae-Ra Han. "Psychological distress in non-hispanic white and hispanic abused women." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 14, no. 1 (2000): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(00)80005-9.
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Henning, Kris R., and Lisa M. Klesges. "Utilization of Counseling and Supportive Services by Female Victims of Domestic Abuse." Violence and Victims 17, no. 5 (2002): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.5.623.33714.
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Increasing attention to the high prevalence of domestic violence (DV) and its impact on women’s physical and mental health has resulted in expanded services for abused women. Abused women appear to underutilize the formal counseling services available in many communities, however, and further research is needed to identify factors related to service utilization. In the present study, 1,746 women assaulted by a male intimate partner were identified from a larger pool of women interviewed by Pretrial Services following the arrest of their spouse/partner on domestic abuse charges. The women were selected for the current study if they reported prior physical assaults perpetrated by the same spouse/partner listed in the instant offense. In addition to describing previous physical assaults and psychological abuse by their current spouse/partner, women were also asked whether they had ever sought “formal counseling/supportive services” to address the abuse. Consistent with the prior literature, only a minority of the victims reported prior use of these services (14.9%). Additional analyses indicated that the likelihood of having accessed services varied as a function of victim demographic factors (race, relationship to the offender, income), characteristics of the prior DV (prior injury by partner, forced sexual activity, prior psychological abuse), and whether the victim’s children witnessed the fighting. Limitations of the study and implications for service providers and the courts are discussed.
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Gorcey, M., J. M. Santiago, and F. McCall-Perez. "Psychological consequences for women sexually abused in childhood." Social Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (1986): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00582682.
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Kachaeva, M., and S. Shport. "Psychological and psychiatric consequences of violence against Women." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1851.
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IntroductionDomestic violence against women has increasingly been recognized nationally and internationally as a serious problem. Violence against women is a troubling phenomenon in Russia. Meanwhile domestic abuse against women often results in long-term mental health problems.ObjectivesThe main aim of the study was to find out the psychological and psychiatric consequences of violence against women and to determine the origins of crimes committed by abused females.Materials and methodsA cohort of 18 females was examined by forensic psychiatrists. All women had committed crimes of violence (murders, attempted murders). Details of background, psychiatric and offending history were extracted. Each item was assessed with the help of descriptive statistics.ResultsA research has been carried out on the basis of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric assessment of two groups of women who had a long history of violence by their husbands or partners. Clinical assessment has revealed depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse. All women underwent forensic psychiatric assessment as they had committed serious crimes of violence. The research has revealed two types of homicides. Women of the first subgroup displayed pathological altruistic motivation of their children. Women of the second subgroup had committed homicides of their husbands and partners whose violence towards women escalated in severity.ConclusionThe research shows the necessity of domestic violence prevention by legal provisions and multidisciplinary research with participation of psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, human rights advocates and feminist societies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Sapkota, Diksha, Debra Anderson, Amornrat Saito, and Kathleen Baird. "Domestic and Family Violence and its Association with Mental Health Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 19, no. 1 (2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i1.2508.
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Background: Pregnancy has been identified as a vulnerable period for both the initiation and escalation in severity of domestic and family violence. There is a significant dearth of scholarly literature documenting the relationship of domestic and family violence with the mental health and quality of life among pregnant women of Nepal.Methods: Baseline data of 140 women enrolled in a trial of a psychosocial intervention for abused pregnant women were analysed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using standardised scales. Prevalence of domestic and family violence and mental health conditions were estimated and inferential statistics were used to assess the association of domestic and family violence with mental health, quality of life, social support, and use of safety behaviours.Results: The lifetime prevalence of domestic and family violence was found to be 27.7% (n = 173), followed by 17.1% of women (n = 107) fearing someone in their family. Domestic and family violence in the last 12 months was significantly associated with anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.005), quality of life (p < 0.05), and perceived social support (p = 0.001). Use of safety behaviours (p = 0.037) was significantly low among women reporting domestic and family violence in the past year as well as during the current pregnancy (p = 0.017).Conclusions: There exists a high psychological morbidity among pregnant women exposed to domestic and family violence. The findings support the need of implementing a screening and support intervention for abused women seeking antenatal services. Keywords: Association; domestic violence; mental health; observational study; prevalence
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Garcia-Linares, M. Isabel, Segunda Sanchez-Lorente, Christopher L. Coe, and Manuela Martinez. "Intimate Male Partner Violence Impairs Immune Control Over Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Physically and Psychologically Abused Women." Psychosomatic Medicine 66, no. 6 (2004): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000145820.90041.c0.
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Sauber, Elizabeth W., and Karen M. O’Brien. "Multiple Losses: The Psychological and Economic Well-Being of Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 15-16 (2017): 3054–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517706760.
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This study advanced knowledge regarding the mechanisms through which intimate partner violence relates to psychological and financial distress with a sample of diverse low-income women. Data were collected from 147 female domestic violence survivors who were abused by a male partner within the past 6 months. Three hierarchical regression analyses revealed that psychological, physical, and economic abuse were predictive of posttraumatic stress, depression, and economic self-sufficiency among survivors. Guided by the Conservation of Resources Theory, the loss of financial, work, and interpersonal resources also predicted these three outcomes, above and beyond abuse experiences (i.e., economically controlling behaviors, economic sabotage, and interpersonal resource loss were unique predictors). In addition, bootstrap mediation analyses showed that interpersonal resource loss partially mediated the relationship between psychological abuse and mental health outcomes. Together, these findings can be used to inform future interventions to promote the financial and psychological well-being of survivors.
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Kısa, Sezer, Simge Zeyneloğlu, and Esra Sergek Verim. "The Level of Hopelessness and Psychological Distress among Abused Women in A Women's Shelter in Turkey." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 33, no. 1 (2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.08.009.
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Stefanatou, P., E. Giannouli, P. Tsellos, et al. "Metacognitive factors in a sample of Greek alcohol dependent patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1093.
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IntroductionThe harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies. Metacognition is a complex concept referring to the cognitive control and regulation of many types of cognitive processes.ObjectivesMetacognitions are considered to be an important factor in the development and continuance of psychological disorders.AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the probable relations between alcohol abuse and Metacognitions with the Metacognitions Questionaire – 30 (MCQ-30).MethodTwenty-three men and 16 women, aged between 22 and 64 years, inpatients in Eginition Hospital, due to alcohol dependence, completed the Greek-Version of the MCQ-30.ResultsThe mean total scores of alcoholics were higher than the ones of the healthy subjects. Namely, the group of the alcohol abused patients presented a higher score in comparison with the normal group in three of the five metacognitive dimensions. Additionally, alcoholic men outscored alcoholic women in two of the five factors. Specifically, alcoholic men appeared to be less confident about their memory and attention than alcoholic women. Furthermore, alcoholic men, compared to alcoholic women claimed in a significant greater level that worrying helped them to function.ConclusionsThe above findings suggest that metacognitions could play a role in the orientation and maintenance of alcoholic abuse behavior. Moreover, these results may pose the question of whether these metacognitive beliefs could be seen as an indicator of differentiating alcoholic men from women. Overall, further research could provide additional information concerning the relation between Metacognitions and alcoholic dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Mazza, Marianna, Emanuele Caroppo, Giuseppe Marano, et al. "Caring for Mothers: A Narrative Review on Interpersonal Violence and Peripartum Mental Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105281.
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Interpersonal violence in the perinatal period is frequent and should be considered a prominent health issue due to the risk of escalation of violence and the significant impact on mothers’ parenting after childbirth. Domestic violence during pregnancy can be associated with fatal and non-fatal adverse health outcomes due to the direct trauma to a pregnant woman’s body and to the effect of stress on fetal growth and development. Emotional violence is a risk factor for prenatal and/or postpartum depression. Recent studies focusing on abusive situations during peripartum and possible preventive strategies were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All of the available literature was retrospectively reviewed with a special attention to peer-reviewed publications from the last ten years. Results of the present narrative review suggest that perinatal health care professionals (general practitioners, gynecologists, obstetricians, psychologists, psychiatrists) should promptly detect interpersonal violence during and after pregnancy and provide health care for pregnant women. It seems pivotal to guarantee psychological care for abused women before, during, and after pregnancy in order to prevent the risk of depressive symptoms, other mental or physical sequelae, and mother-to-infant bonding failure. There is an urgent need for multifaceted interventions: programs should focus on several risk factors and should design tailored care pathways fitted to the specific needs of women and finalized to support them across the lifespan.
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Barnawi, Fatima Hamza. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women Attending a Primary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 8 (2016): 1171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515587669.
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Domestic violence (DV) against women can negatively affect the physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health of the women as well as the well-being of their children. The objective was to estimate among Saudi women the prevalence of different types of DV, to identify its associated risk factors, and to determine the immediate victims’ reactions to such violence. A cross-sectional study was carried between March and July, 2011. Self-administrated questionnaire was administered to ever-married Saudi women attending Al-Wazarat primary health care center, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 720 women studied, 144 (20%) reported exposure to DV over the last year. The most common DV types were emotional (69%), social (34%), economic (26%), physical (20%), and sexual violence (10%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following characteristics were independently associated with DV: younger women age, longer duration of marriage, higher women education, lower husband education, working husbands, military occupation, fewer children, husbands with multiple wives, smoking husbands, aggressive husbands, presence of chronic disease in women or husbands, and non-sufficient family income. The most common impacts of DV on women were medical or behavioral problems (72%) and psychiatric problems (58%). The most common reactions to DV were seeking separation (56%) and doing nothing (41%). More than 90% of children of abused women suffered psychological or behavioral problems. In conclusion, DV against Saudi women is considerable and the response is generally passive. Promoting a culture non-tolerant to DV and providing accessible, effective, and trustful social services to abused women are critically needed.
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Adikwu, Victoria Ogwa, John Johnson Edache, Mary Eru Iji, and Egom Njin Ogar. "Emotional Abuse and Mental Health of Women in Abusive Marriage in Communities in Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria." Mattawang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.mattawang295.
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The study specifically examines the impact of emotional abuse on the mental health of women in abusive marriages in communities in Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the cross-sectional research method was adopted for the study. Data or the study was collected from a sample of 600 married women in Gwagwalada aged 18 and above using a self-structured questionnaire. The stratified and purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the sample from the study area. From the 600-instrument distributed only 594 was return without missing items or mutilation and this was used for analysis. Data collected from the field was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables, simple percentage and figure. The correlation analysis was carried using Pearson Product Moment correlation Analysis. Findings revealed that 95.2 per cent (566) of the sample in one time or the other in their marriage have suffered one form of emotional abuse, result also revealed that 93.8 percent of the respondents suffer psychologically as a result of emotional abuse from their spouse. The correlational analysis also revealed a strong significant relationship between emotional abuse and mental health issue among married women. The study therefore concludes that emotional abuse affects the mental health of married women in communities in Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. the study therefore calls for increase in support service for those in abuse relationship.
 Abstrak
 Studi tersebut secara khusus meneliti dampak pelecehan emosional pada kesehatan mental wanita dalam pernikahan yang "teraniaya" pada komunitas di Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, digunakan metode penelitian cross-sectional untuk penelitian ini. Data penelitian terkumpul dari sampel 600 wanita menikah di Gwagwalada dan berusia 18 tahun ke atas menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Teknik pengambilan sampel bertingkat dan purposif digunakan dalam proses pemilihan sampel penelitian. Dari 600 instrumen yang didistribusikan hanya 594 yang dikembalikan tanpa item yang hilang dan ini digunakan untuk analisis. Data yang dikumpulkan dari lapangan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif seperti tabel, persentase sederhana, dan gambar. Analisis korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 95,2 persen (566) sampel dalam satu waktu atau lain waktu dalam pernikahan mereka pernah mengalami salah satu bentuk pelecehan emosional, hasil juga mengungkapkan bahwa 93,8 persen responden menderita secara psikologis akibat pelecehan emosional dari pasangannya. Analisis korelasional juga mengungkapkan hubungan signifikan yang kuat antara pelecehan emosional dan masalah kesehatan mental pada wanita menikah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa pelecehan emosional mempengaruhi kesehatan mental wanita yang sudah menikah pada komunitas di Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyerukan peningkatan layanan dukungan bagi mereka yang berada dalam hubungan pelecehan.
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Antai, Diddy, and David Anthony. "Psychological distress and attempted suicide in female victims of intimate partner violence: an illustration from the Philippines context." Journal of Public Mental Health 13, no. 4 (2014): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-08-2013-0057.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of, and determined the factors associated with self-reported symptoms of suicide attempts and psychosocial distress among female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Design/methodology/approach – Using cross-sectional data from 13,594 women aged 15-49 years from the 2008 Philippines Demographic and Health Surveys, the authors measured univariate prevalence, conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression models to examine the associations between outcomes, exposures, and potential explanatory variables. Findings – In total, 47 and 8 per cent of the women reported psychological distress, and suicide attempts following IPV, respectively. Physical and psychological IPV occurred in 7 per cent of the women, respectively, whilst sexual IPV occurred in 5 per cent of the women. Multivariate analyses showed significant association between physical and psychological IPV and suicide attempt, as well as psychological distress. Research limitations/implications – This study extends the knowledge about the interaction between IPV, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by redirecting the attention to more systemic expressions of the excess burden of IPV among abused women. Practical implications – It highlights the significance of screening for the presence of, and accumulated effect of IPV exposures as a risk factor for suicide attempt and psychological distress. Social implications – Since IPV is a product of gendered norms and power relations, the extent to which exposure to IPV results in poor mental health outcomes is determined by the interplay between societal gender norms and attitudes, poverty, and psychological distress. Originality/value – Given that most of the literature on the association between traumatic events, psychosocial stress, and suicidality derive from high-income countries, they do not reflect cultural differences within the context of low-middle-income countries like the Philippines, or be generalizable to the low-middle-income countries.
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Antai, Diddy, Ayo Oke, Patrick Braithwaite, and Gerald Bryan Lopez. "The Effect of Economic, Physical, and Psychological Abuse on Mental Health: A Population-Based Study of Women in the Philippines." International Journal of Family Medicine 2014 (November 27, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/852317.
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Background. The comparative effect of economic abuse and other forms of abuse in predicting depression and other mental health disorders has not been previously investigated despite its relevance for mental illness prevention. Objective. To determine the differential association of economic abuse on psychological distress and suicide attempts. Study Design. We used cross-sectional data from women aged 15–49 years in the 2008 Philippines Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) (N = 9,316). Results. Adjusting for sociodemographic confounders revealed positive associations between economic, physical, or psychological abuse and suicide attempts and psychological distress. Psychological and economic abuse were the strongest predictors of suicide attempts and psychological distress, respectively. Economic abuse was also negatively associated with psychological distress. Comorbidity with one mental health disorder greatly increased the odds of reporting the other mental health disorder. Conclusion. Overall, the results elucidate the differential effects of these forms of abuse on women’s mental health.
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Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi, Christine Murray, and Zeynep Hatipoglu-Sümer. "Attachment insecurity and restrictive engulfment in college student relationships: the mediating role of relationship satisfaction." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11, no. 1 (2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2017-0333.
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Purpose Studies on restrictive engulfment (RE) – a subtype of psychological aggression in intimate relationships – have focused either on insecure attachment or relationship satisfaction, not both. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate relationship satisfaction as a potential mediator of the associations between anxious and avoidant attachment and RE perpetration among college students. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 322 college students (178 women, 137 men, and seven other gender-identified) completed the experiences in close relationship inventory, relationship assessment scale, and RE subscale of the multidimensional measure of emotional abuse. Findings Among the sample, 89.3 and 90.5 percent of the college women and men, respectively, reported to have used isolating, restricting, monitoring, and controlling behaviors. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that all direct paths except for that from avoidant attachment to RE were significant. Moreover, significant indirect paths were identified from anxious and avoidant attachment to RE via relationship satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The results of this study should be interpreted with consideration of the study’s limitations. First, the data were drawn from a convenience sample of Turkish college students. Second, the design of the study is correlational; therefore, we cannot assume causality. Finally, this study utilized self-report and retrospective data. Practical implications Though the findings are preliminary, they may inform college counselors and other mental health practitioners about the nature of RE within college students’ dating relationships. College students who are unhappy with their dating relationships but still in those relationships (i.e. they choose not to leave) should be assessed for whether they are the perpetrators and/or recipients of psychological aggression, especially in light of the high rates of this form of aggression in the current and previous studies. Furthermore, assessing psychological dating aggression perpetrators for insecure attachment styles may help mental health professionals who work with college students, envisage the sessions toward areas in the need of improvement, such as their views of themselves and others. Self-esteem, feelings of insecurity and inadequacy in relationships, and dependency can be worked with these clients. Social implications The results of this study also have implications for the prevention of psychological aggression before it occurs. The need for prevention programs is evident in the high rates of psychologically controlling behaviors among college students. It may be useful to implement campus wide programs to raise awareness regarding psychological aggression, such as through events, seminars, posters, flyers, and talks with student groups. Originality/value Despite the limitations of this study, its findings offer insight into the factors that influence the perpetration of psychological aggression within dating relationships among college students. Adult attachment theory offers a useful lens for understanding the possible driving forces behind college students’ controlling behaviors toward their dating partners. In particular, college students who demonstrate an insecure attachment style – and especially an anxious attachment style – combined with low levels of relationship satisfaction appear to be at a high risk for perpetrating RE behaviors.
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Guruge, Sepali, Brenda Roche, and Cristina Catallo. "Violence against Women: An Exploration of the Physical and Mental Health Trends among Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/434592.
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Violence against women is a serious health and social problem for women worldwide. Researchers have investigated the broad physical and mental health consequences of violence against women but few have focused on immigrant and refugee women. We assessed the history of violence and the impairment of physical and mental health among 60 women participants from the Iranian and Sri Lankan Tamil communities in Toronto, Canada. Our survey findings revealed that the participants had experienced various types of violence throughout their lifespan, with psychological abuse by a spouse/partner occurring most frequently in the past 12 months. Commonly reported types of abuse included insulting, criticizing, and intimidation by partner (psychological abuse); slapping, hitting, and shoving (physical abuse); and forced sexual intercourse and sexually degrading acts (sexual abuse) by a partner/spouse. We found that a substantial proportion of the participants also had experienced physical and mental health impairment, which could be a result of the various types of violence they had experienced throughout their lifespan. Research and practice implications are provided.
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Schouler-Ocak, M. "Women Mental Health and Trafficking." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.078.
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“Trafficking in persons,” “human trafficking,” and “modern slavery” have been used as umbrella terms for the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Trafficking in persons is an insult to human dignity and an assault on freedom, and robbing basic human rights (US Report, 2015). Reliable data on trafficking are difficult to obtain owing to its illegal nature; the range and severity of trafficking activities; and variations in how trafficking is defined. It is supposed that 49 per cent of the victims are women, 21 per cent girls, 18 per cent men and 12 per cent boys. 53 per cent were involved in sexual exploitation and 40 per cent in forced labor (UN, 2014).Research findings show that the limitations of current methodologies affect what is known about human trafficking and health. Moreover, findings demonstrate an urgent need for representative and non–purposive recruitment strategies in future investigations of trafficking and health as well as research on risk and protective factors related to human trafficking and health, intervention effectiveness, long-term health outcomes. The psychological impact of victimization may be more severe than the physical violence. Victims who have been rescued from sexual slavery, typically present with various psychological symptoms and mental illnesses, including the following: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, Stockholm syndrome, and substance abuse. In this talk current findings will be presented and discussed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Rees, S. J., W. Tol, M. Mohammad, et al. "A high-risk group of pregnant women with elevated levels of conflict-related trauma, intimate partner violence, symptoms of depression and other forms of mental distress in post-conflict Timor-Leste." Translational Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (2016): e725-e725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.212.
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Abstract Women in post-conflict, low-income, post-conflict (LI-PC) countries are at risk of exposure to the traumatic events (TEs) of war and intimate partner violence (IPV), forms of stress that are known to lead to depression and other adverse mental health outcomes. We aimed to assess an index of exposure to these two forms of trauma to identify pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in conflict-affected Timor-Leste at high risk of depression and other forms of stress. A large, cross-sectional study of women in the second trimester of pregnancy was conducted in the four main government antenatal clinics in Dili district of Timor-Leste, between May 2014, and January 2015. The sample consisted of 1672 consecutive women, 3 to 6 months pregnant, with a response rate of 96%. We applied the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Kessler-10 psychological distress scale and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. IPV was assessed by the World Health Organisation measure. Composite categories of conflict-related TEs and severity of IPV showed a dose–response relationship with depressive symptoms: for exposure to four or more conflict-related TEs and severe psychological IPV, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 3.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10–7.40); for four or more TEs and physical abuse, AOR 8.16 (95% CI 3.53–18.85); and for four or more TEs and severe psychological and physical abuse, AOR 9.78 (95% CI 5.31–18.02). For any mental distress, the AOR for four or more TEs and severe psychological abuse was 3.60 (95% CI 2.08–6.23); for four or more TEs and physical abuse 7.03 (95% CI 3.23–15.29); and for four or more TEs and severe psychological and physical abuse the AOR was 10.45 (95% CI 6.06–18.01). Of 184 women (11% of the sample) who reported ⩾4 TEs and either physical abuse alone or in combination with severe psychological abuse, 78 (42%) reached threshold for depressive symptoms and 93 (51%) for any mental distress, a 10-fold increase in depressive and other mental health symptoms. Priority should be directed to providing urgent mental health and social interventions for this group of women. Our findings offer a framework for a tiered approach to detection, guiding prevention and intervention strategies for IPV and associated mental health problems in low-income post-conflict countries.
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Nathanson, Alison M., Ryan C. Shorey, Vanessa Tirone, and Deborah L. Rhatigan. "The Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in a Community Sample of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence." Partner Abuse 3, no. 1 (2012): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.1.59.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, devastating, and prevalent problem. IPV places women at risk for negative health consequences, including increased mental health disorders. The majority of research to date has focused on mental health disorders among women in domestic violence shelters, and research is needed that examines mental health disorders among a broader range of women experiencing IPV. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance abuse disorders in a community sample of IPV victims (N = 94) using diagnostic interviews. Results showed that the majority of women met diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder, with PTSD being the most common mental health disorder. Furthermore, psychological abuse was a significant predictor of both PTSD and depression, whereas physical aggression did not predict these outcomes. Implications of these findings for treatment and intervention work with battered women are discussed.
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Caron, J., and A. Liu. "A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 30, no. 3 (2010): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.30.3.03.
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Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.
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Anonymous. "Empowering abused women." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, no. 6 (1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19980601-03.
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Levine, Amanda R., and Patti A. Timmons Fritz. "Coercive Control, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression Among Homeless Women." Partner Abuse 7, no. 1 (2016): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.7.1.26.
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Intimate relationships involving psychological abuse, particularly those characterized by coercive control (CC), a pattern of behaviors aimed at gaining control over one’s romantic partner, have been associated with poorer mental health for victims than among victims of physical partner abuse alone (Johnson & Leone, 2005). This study investigated whether CC predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression above and beyond the effects of childhood maltreatment and frequency and severity of physical partner abuse among a sample of homeless women. This is the first known study to date to investigate the role of CC in the partner abuse experiences of homeless women. Fifty-one ethnically diverse women with a history of partner abuse victimization residing in a homeless shelter in Southwest Ontario, Canada, completed questionnaires assessing partner abuse, CC, depression, and PTSD. As predicted, CC was found to predict PTSD but not depression, after controlling for childhood maltreatment and frequency and severity of physical partner abuse. In addition, women exhibited very high rates of both PTSD and depression. The relation between CC and mental health of victims, particularly the development of PTSD, should be considered in partner abuse prevention programs and interventions. Furthermore, the high rates of psychopathology reported by the women indicate a great need for psychological aid among women residing in homeless shelters.
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Ysseldyk, Renate, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman. "Revenge is sour, but is forgiveness sweet? Psychological health and cortisol reactivity among women with experiences of abuse." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 14 (2017): 2003–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317714319.
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This study examined the relations among women’s experiences of abuse, forgiveness, revenge, psychological health, and physiological stress reactivity. Both dispositional (Study 1; N = 103) and state (Study 2; N = 258) forgiveness and vengeance were associated with psychological symptoms. However, the relation between revenge and greater depression was magnified among psychologically abused women, whereas—unexpectedly—the positive link between forgiveness and psychological health was strengthened among physically abused women. Moreover, while revenge coincided with increased cortisol reactivity following any relationship conflict, this was only evident for forgiveness following physical abuse. The complex interactions among these variables are discussed within a stress and coping framework.
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Alvarez, M. J., A. Osés, Q. Foguet, et al. "Prevalence of Traumatic Life Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Severe Mental Illness." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71347-1.
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Aims:In some different studies, a high prevalence of interpersonal trauma especially childhood abuse as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been found in patients with several mental illness (SMI): schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the traumatic life events and PTSD in a sample with SMI.Methods:We enrolled adults patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar I disorder. We excluded patients who score 3 or more in conceptual disorganization, hallucinations and/or unusual contents of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and 4 or more in another item of this scale. Interventions: sociodemographic date and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire and Distressing Event Questionnaire.Results:78 patients (52.6% men) with a mean age of 40 years. Diagnostic of the sample: 47.5% schizophrenia, 41% bipolar disorder and 11.5% schizoaffective disorder. Traumatic life events in the childhood: physical abuse, 22.1% (22.5% males and 21.8% females); psychological abuse, 26.9% (14.6% males and 40.5% females, p< 0.05); sexual abuse, 28.2% (21.9% males and 35.1% females).Some abuse in childhood, 48.0% (38.1% males and 62.2% women, p< 0.05).Sexual abuse in adulthood: 25.6% (43.24% females and 9.7% men, p=0'05).PTSD, 12.9% (8.3% males and 20.7% females).Conclusions:Almost the half of the patients have biographical history of traumatic life events in the childhood. These traumatic events are significantly more prevalent in females. in adulthood, almost half of women had suffered sexual abuse.A fifth part of the women with SMI have comorbidity with PTSD.
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Cole, Jennifer, TK Logan, and Lisa Shannon. "Intimate Sexual Victimization Among Women With Protective Orders: Types and Associations of Physical and Mental Health Problems." Violence and Victims 20, no. 6 (2005): 695–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.20.6.695.
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Intimate sexual violence was examined among a sample of women who had recently obtained protective orders against male partners using three groups: no sexual victimization (n = 368), sexual insistence (n = 114), and threatened and/or forced sex (n = 117). Differences in childhood sexual abuse as well as types of partner psychological abuse, stalking, and severe physical violence experiences were found across the groups. Multivariate analysis showed that women with no sexual victimization had significantly fewer mental health problems than women who had experienced sexual insistence and women who had been threatened or forced to have sex. Findings from this study underscore the importance of health, mental health, and criminal justice professionals assessing for a range of sexually abusive acts when working with victims of partner violence.
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Sullins, Donald Paul. "Affective and Substance Abuse Disorders Following Abortion by Pregnancy Intention in the United States: A Longitudinal Cohort Study." Medicina 55, no. 11 (2019): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110741.
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Background and Objectives: Psychological outcomes following termination of wanted pregnancies have not previously been studied. Does excluding such abortions affect estimates of psychological distress following abortion? To address this question this study examines long-term psychological outcomes by pregnancy intention (wanted or unwanted) following induced abortion relative to childbirth in the United States. Materials and Methods: Panel data on a nationally-representative cohort of 3935 ever-pregnant women assessed at mean age of 15, 22, and 28 years were examined from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Relative risk (RR) and incident rate ratios (IRR) for time-dynamic mental health outcomes, conditioned by pregnancy intention and abortion exposure, were estimated from population-averaged longitudinal logistic and Poisson regression models, with extensive adjustment for sociodemographic differences, pregnancy and mental health history, and other confounding factors. Outcomes were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version 4, American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria or another validated index for suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety (affective problems); drug abuse, opioid abuse, alcohol abuse, and cannabis abuse (substance abuse problems); and summary total disorders. Results: Women who terminated one or more wanted pregnancies experienced a 43% higher risk of affective problems (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.3–2.2) relative to childbirth, compared to women terminating only unwanted pregnancies (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.0–1.4). Risks of depression (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.3–3.8) and suicidality (RR 3.44 95% CI 1.5–7.7) were especially elevated with wanted pregnancy abortion. Relative risk of substance abuse disorders with any abortion was high, at about 2.0, but unaffected by pregnancy intention. Excluding wanted pregnancies artifactually reduced estimates of affective disorders by 72% from unity, substance abuse disorders by 11% from unity, and total disorders by 21% from unity. Conclusions: Excluding wanted pregnancies moderately understates overall risk and strongly understates affective risk of mental health difficulties for women following abortion. Compared to corresponding births, abortions of wanted pregnancies are associated with a greater risk of negative psychological affect, particularly depression and suicide ideation, but not greater risk of substance abuse, than are abortions of unwanted pregnancies. Clinical, research, and policy implications are discussed briefly.
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McNamara, John R., and Scott A. Fields. "Perceived Abuse and Disability in a Sample of Ohio's Women's Correctional Population." Psychological Reports 91, no. 3 (2002): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.849.
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The Abuse Disability Questionnaire was administered to 435 female inmates at a state prison in Ohio. Analysis indicated that 69% of the women reported some type of past physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, which is consistent with other reports for state prisons. Both the amount of abuse reported as well as the extent of associated psychological impairment was less in comparison to scores for women in domestic violence shelters. While all women in the prison were screened, those who met criteria for psychiatric diagnoses had significantly higher Abuse Disability Questionnaire scores than those who were not so diagnosed by a mental health professional. As in prior studies with the questionnaire, a significant relation between reported exposure to prior abuse and perceived impairment was found.
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Bello, Ibukunoluwa B., Ebernezer O. Akinnawo, and Bede C. Akpunne. "Women Abuse Screening Tool: A Validation Study on Nigerian Pregnant Women." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 06 (2020): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i06.sh02.
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Domestic violence is identified across the globe as a menace as it poses a threat to the mental health of its victims, the significant others of the victim and the security of a nation at large. In some cases, the victim of domestic violence is a pregnant woman and harm is caused not only to a woman but her fetus also and this calls for urgent psychological assessment and intervention. Although there is no doubt that psychological tests are effective in the assessment of domestic violence, using the psychometric properties obtained from a different population may produce generate inaccurate findings. This paper therefore attempts the validation study of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) using a sample of 379 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study derived a Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability of 0.758, p <.05 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.683, p <.05. Furthermore, concurrent validity of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) was established as 0.29, p<.05. The norms of the instrument were given as 2.38 for tolerable level of domestic violence and 5.79 for severe and pathological level of domestic violence. Authors conclude that Women Abuse Screening Tool has acceptable psychometric properties to justify its usage for the assessment of level of domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria and other nations with similar socio-cultural backgrounds.
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Moscarello, Rebeka. "Victims of Violence: Aspects of the “Victim-to-Patient” Process in Women*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 7 (1992): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700706.
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This paper is an overview of aspects of the victim-to-patient process which reflects the interrelationship between mental health and mental disorder, particularly of women who suffer the sexual assault, sexual abuse, or wife assault. Knowledge of the psychological processes and symptoms aids diagnosis, modifies treatment and the process of recovery following acts of violence.
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Hernandez Anton, R., C. Noval Canga, N. De Uribe Viloria, et al. "Health intervention in gender violence." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.847.
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IntroductionMale and female social roles were built on a historical inequality. Gender violence is a public health problem of the first order. We consider it important to conduct a study to improve diagnosis and interventions. From the Theory of Roles Moreno, each role has a complementary role that maintains the link. In gender violence predominates control, domination, submission and asymmetry of functions as dysfunctional elements of a relationship, which should be symmetrical.MethodologyWe reviewed 48 stories of women who come for abuse mental health team from 2013 to 2016. We analyzed the following aspects: socio-demographic data (age, nationality, marital status, education, jobs, dependent children); reason for consultation and number of queries; violence; roles, because of maintenance and interventions.ResultsEighty percent Spanish. It occurs at all levels of education; 60% have children; 70% were derived from primary care for others reasons; almost 90% suffered psychological violence, 25% physical and economic, sexual only 3 women, 52.08% of women adopt a submissive role, passive-aggressive 20.83% and 25% ambivalent; maintenance of the violence is reinforced by the psychological dependence that occurs in all women (one in 45.83%).ConclusionsRoles analysis is an effective method in the diagnosis of abuse and designing appropriate intervention. Psychotherapy, benefits of a psychopharmacological treatment that lessens the suffering and lets face their difficulties. It is important to ask about abuse at any level of care, because it contributes more to cover a hidden reality. The Psychological and economic dependence. They establish and maintain the mistreatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Firoozabadi, Ali. "The Past Victim, the Future Abuser." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 4Suppl1 (2020): S6—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.s2.
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Background: Childhood trauma exerts a significant effect on psychological life of people. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon. We face a social epidemic with serious consequences that shatter the life of survivors. Victimization in early years of life entraps the individuals in the victim-rescuer-abuser triangle. Many perpetrators and criminals have had history of childhood abuse. The main objective of this study was the assessment of patients with a history of child abuse who behaved in abusive manner in adulthood. Methods: By reviewing the files of 3694 patients referred to my outpatient private clinic, I tried to gather data to answer the questions related to this study including history of abuse, victimization, substance abuse, and the percent of patients who were involved in abusive behaviors in adulthood. Results: In total, 1075 patients reported a history of some abuse during childhood (29.10%). Of them, 19.44% (total = 209, 78 men and 131 women) behaved as an abuser for most of their life. The prevalence of substance abuse in people with history of abuse was 36.6% compared to 28.36% in those without. The prevalence of acting as an abuser and perpetrator in adult life was 27.5%, 19.5%, 18.4% and 11.11% among the divorced, married, single and widowed respectively. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that a significant number of patients with history of childhood abuse involved in abusive behavior and victimization of others in adulthood. Paying attention to this issue by mental health practitioners and policy makers can prevent the intergenerational transmission of abuse and development of a more peaceful society.
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Yemeke, Tatenda T., Kathleen J. Sikkema, Melissa H. Watt, Nonceba Ciya, Corne Robertson, and John A. Joska. "Screening for Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health Distress Among Women in HIV Care in Cape Town, South Africa." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (2017): 4842–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517718186.
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Traumatic events can negatively affect clinical outcomes among HIV positive women, particularly when those events result in ongoing psychological distress. Consequently, there have been calls to integrate screening and treatment of traumatic experiences and associated mental health disorders into HIV care. In South Africa, screening for traumatic experiences and mental health is not a routine part of HIV care. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of traumatic experiences and mental health distress among women in an HIV clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, and to explore the acceptability of routine screening in this setting. Seventy HIV positive women were screened following referral from health care workers in the clinic. Among the participants, 51% reported a history of sexual abuse and 75% reported physical intimate partner violence (physical IPV). Among all participants, 36% met screening criteria for depression; among those with traumatic experiences ( n = 57), 70% met screening criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compared with reporting no sexual abuse or physical IPV, having experienced both sexual abuse and physical IPV was significantly associated with higher odds of depression, while reporting either sexual abuse or physical IPV individually was not significantly associated with increased odds of depression. Among women reporting sexual abuse, 61% were disclosing their experience for the first time during the screening; 31% of women with physical IPV experience were disclosing for the first time. Overall, 98% of participants thought screening should be routine and extended to all women as part of clinic care. Screening women for sexual abuse and physical IPV may be an important component of ensuring HIV care engagement.
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Scherer, E., Z. Scherer, F. Pessoa, and N. P. Scherer. "Violence suffered by women before her incarceration: Integrative literature review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s906—s907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1860.
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IntroductionThe complex phenomenon of violence against women is determined by gender relations that, from a historical and social construction of female and male, and the biological differences which gives unequal power between men and women. This results in increased vulnerability of women, exposing them to physical, psychological and sexual violence. The history of violence in the early life of trapped women can contribute to their involvement in crimes and misdemeanors.ObjectiveTo review the production of national and international scientific knowledge about the effects of violence on women's health before her incarceration.AimsMeet the publications about the consequences of violence on women's health before she was imprisoned.MethodIntegrative review of scientific literature to answer: “What are the implications of violence on women's health before their incarceration?” Studies of the last 5 years delimited in the databases LILACS, PUBMED and PsycInfo. Selected primary studies with women incarcerated people over 18 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish language. Excluded studies that addressed violence inside the prison and wife as perp. An instrument for identification of studies and their categorization was used.ResultsSixteen selected articles that have addressed the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, drug abuse, sexual abuse and re-victimization (where the abuser was usually a family member or intimate partner).ConclusionThere is a lack of a specific instrument to investigate the occurrence of violence against women before being arrested. Scientific and policy initiatives are required to develop specific intervention strategies for women incarcerated victimized before prison.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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PLAWAT, SANJNA. "COVID-19 LOCKDOWN AND GLOBAL RISE IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND FEMICIDE." ENSEMBLE SP-1, no. 1 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-sp1-a009.
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The global lockdown following the massive spread of COVID-19 pandemic has turned out to be a bitter pill to swallow for prevailing domestic violence sufferers with news data reporting a steep rise in the cases of intimate abuse and femicide in almost each country of the globe. The contagion leaves no section of the society at mercy, but news reports from different parts of the world verify the coronavirus as having a severe side effect on women amidst the quarantine period. This research article showcases the disturbing rise in the women helpline distress calls all over the world and will address this sensitive issue by throwing light on the grave matters concerning an upsurge in intimate abuse cases across the planet, which have reportedly resulted in a sudden hike in unwanted pregnancies and marital rapes, acceleration of femicide rate, and how mother’s abuse is spreading drastically to children. The data will be collated from varied news sources all over the world to address this silent pandemic on a collective level. Furthermore, this paper will dissect the social, economic, and psychological causes that lead an abuser to increase his violent activities amid crisis and the resultant physical and psychological effects on the victim. Finally, I will recommend various remedial measures that can sustainably help protect mental and bodily health of intimate violence victims during the quarantine period.
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May, Barbara A., Dmitriy Rakhlin, Anita Katz, and Barbara J. Limandri. "Are Abused Women Mentally ill?" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 41, no. 2 (2003): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20030201-08.
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Mills, Chmaika P., Hope M. Hill, and Joshua A. D. Johnson. "Mediated Effects of Coping on Mental Health Outcomes of African American Women Exposed to Physical and Psychological Abuse." Violence Against Women 24, no. 2 (2017): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216686219.
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Few studies have assessed the individual symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as separate mental health consequences of intimate partner abuse (IPA). This study examined the role of coping strategies associated with symptoms of PTSD in a community sample of African American women who have experienced abuse ( N = 128). The results revealed that nonphysical abuse was more prevalent than physical abuse. Specific symptoms of PTSD expressed depended on the type of abuse experienced and the type of coping strategies utilized. The findings have multiple implications on how IPA is studied as well as its clinical screening and treatment processes.
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Moreno, J. Kelly, Michael J. Selby, and Sherre Neal. "Psychopathology in Sexually Abused and Non-Sexually Abused Eating Disordered Women." Psychotherapy in Private Practice 17, no. 2 (1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j294v17n02_01.
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Kocherhina, Iryna. "Types of emotional self-regulation of women who have suffered from psychological abuse in the family." Journal of Education Culture and Society 9, no. 2 (2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20182.81.92.
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Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the results of research on the types of emotional self-regulation of women who have suffered from psychological abuse in family relations.
 Methods. 140 Ukrainian women who suffered from psychological abuse in the family were interviewed. For the analysis of the obtained results, methods of statistical processing of data were used.
 Results. It has been established that women who were victims of psychological abuse from members of their family may have different types of emotional self-regulation: "Emotionally unstable," "Adaptive," "Spontaneous." It is shown that women with emotionally unstable types of emotional self-regulation are emotionally unstable during psychological abuse in the family, which is manifested in their anxiety, tension, depression, self-criticism. It is said that women who are referred to as having the adaptive type of emotional self-regulation possess a sufficient level of neuropsychic stability and self-control and it has been established that women who are characterized by a spontaneous type of emotional self-regulation, when exposed to psychological abuse, have a low level of self-control, which indicates spontaneity and impulsivity in relationships with others.
 Conclusions. Еmotional self-regulation does not act as a tool to cancel negative experiences, but it is a change in these experiences for other that helps to optimize their condition. Еmotional self-regulation and the ability to manage one's own psychical state for the preservation of mental health are important in the context of psychological abuse in the family. Furthermore, it is emphasised on different types of emotional self-regulation of women in situations of psychological abuse in the family.
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Walton, Courtney C., Simon Rice, Caroline X. Gao, Matt Butterworth, Matti Clements, and Rosemary Purcell. "Gender differences in mental health symptoms and risk factors in Australian elite athletes." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 1 (2021): e000984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000984.
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ObjectivesTo examine gender differences in the reporting of, and contributors to, mental health symptoms.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study of adult athletes within a national elite sporting system (n=523; women=292;56%), who completed a battery of assessments including measures of mental health and adverse life events. Group differences across a range of scores were examined, followed by gender-stratified bootstrapped linear regression and meta-regression on measures where gender differences were observed.ResultsWomen athletes reported higher rates of mental health symptoms, and lower rates of mental well-being, although there were no differences in general psychological distress or life satisfaction. Women reported experiencing several adverse life events at higher rates than men; particularly interpersonal conflict, financial hardship and discrimination. Low self-esteem was consistently associated with poorer mental health outcomes for all athletes. While a range of factors were associated with poor mental health in men or women athletes, meta-regression suggested that experiencing financial difficulty and social media abuse were more uniquely associated with mental health symptoms in men.ConclusionGender differences in mental health in elite athletes are apparent. Approaches to increasing well-being are required in elite sport.
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Evandrou, Maria, Jane C. Falkingham, Min Qin, and Athina Vlachantoni. "Elder abuse as a risk factor for psychological distress among older adults in India: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (2017): e017152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017152.
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ObjectivesThis study examines the association between elder abuse and psychological distress among older adults in India and explores whether this association varies by the level of psychosocial and material resources.DesignThe study uses a cross-sectional survey design.SettingThe data are drawn from a representative sample of 9589 adults aged 60 and above in seven Indian states—Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Odisha, Maharashtra, Kerala and Tamil Nadu—in 2011.Statistical analysesSecondary analysis, using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, is conducted using the United Nations Population Fund project Building Knowledge Base on Ageing in India survey. Elder abuse (physical and/or emotional) emanating from family members in the previous month before the survey is examined. Multivariate models are run on the total analytical sample and for men and women separately.ResultsThe overall prevalence of psychological distress among persons aged 60 and over living in the seven Indian States is 40.6%. Among those older persons who experienced some form of physical or emotional abuse or violence in the last month, the prevalence of psychological distress is much higher than that in the general older population, at 61.6% (p<0.001). The results show that the experience of abuse is negatively associated with the mental health of older adults, and this relationship persists even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.09). The findings also suggest that household wealth has an inverse relationship with mental health, with the association between experiencing elder abuse and reporting poor mental health being strongest among older people in wealthy households.ConclusionsElder abuse in India is currently a neglected phenomenon, and greater recognition of the link between abuse and mental health is critical to improve the well-being of vulnerable older adults, some of whom may be ‘hidden’ within well-off households.
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Mignon, Sylvia. "Health issues of incarcerated women in the United States." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 7 (2016): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.05302016.
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Abstract Health care within jails and prisons in the United States is typically insufficient to meet the medical and psychological needs of female inmates. Health services are often of low quality, especially in the areas of reproductive medicine. Mental illness, substance abuse, a trauma history, and sexual victimization while incarcerated can predict a more difficult adjustment to a correctional environment. Incarcerated women who are able to maintain contact with family members, especially children, can have a better prison adjustment. Recommendations are made to improve the types and quality of health care delivered to women in jails and prisons in countries around the world.
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Sutherland, Melissa A., Heidi Collins Fantasia, and Lesley Adkison. "Sexual Health and Dissociative Experiences among Abused Women." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 35, no. 1 (2013): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2013.836727.
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O’Leary, K. Daniel. "Psychological Abuse: A Variable Deserving Critical Attention in Domestic Violence." Violence and Victims 14, no. 1 (1999): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.14.1.3.
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Policy makers and researchers give psychological abuse considerably less attention than physical abuse in the partner abuse area. One reason for the relative neglect of psychological abuse is that there are difficulties in arriving at a common definition of psychological abuse that might be useful to both the mental health and legal professions. Another reason for the relative neglect of psychological abuse has been an implicit assumption that physical abuse exacts a greater psychological toll on victims than does psychological abuse. At the extreme level of physical abuse, this assumption seems defensible, but at levels of physical aggression that are most common in marriage and long-term relationships, psychological abuse appears to have as great an impact as physical abuse. Even direct ratings of psychological and physical abuse by women in physically abusive relationships indicate that psychological abuse has a greater adverse effect on them than physical abuse. Retrospective reports, longitudinal research, and treatment dropout research all provide evidence that psychological abuse can exact a negative effect on relationships that is as great as that of physical abuse. Finally, psychological abuse almost always precedes physical abuse, so that prevention and treatment efforts clearly need to address psychological abuse. Eight measures of various forms of psychological abuse that have reasonable psychometric properties and considerable construct validity are reviewed and a definition of psychological abuse in intimate relations is provided.
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HAJ-YAHIA, MUHAMMAD M. "Implications of Wife Abuse and Battering for Self-Esteem, Depression, and Anxiety as Revealed by the Second Palestinian National Survey on Violence Against Women." Journal of Family Issues 21, no. 4 (2000): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251300021004002.
Full textAbstract:
The article focuses on the incidence of different patterns of wife abuse and battering and on some of their mental health consequences. Data are based on findings from the Second Palestinian National Survey conducted among a systematic random sample of 1,334 Palestinian women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The results reveal that 87.2%, 54%, 40%, and 44% of the Palestinian women indicated they had experienced one or more acts of psychological abuse, physical violence, sexual abuse, and economic abuse, respectively, at least once by their husbands during the 12 months preceding the survey. Also, results indicated that significant amounts of the variances in women's low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety are significantly explained by their experiences with abuse, over and above the explained variances in these psychological consequences by women's sociodemographic characteristics. The study's limitations are discussed, and recommendations for further research and program development in Palestinian society presented.
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Creech, Suzannah K., Alexandra Macdonald, and Casey Taft. "Use and Experience of Recent Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Veterans Who Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan." Partner Abuse 8, no. 3 (2017): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.8.3.251.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Women veterans may be at high risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), which increases susceptibility for negative physical and mental health. IPV experiences and use have not previously been studied among the newest generation of women veterans who deployed to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Method: This study examined the correlates of IPV in a sample of 102 women veterans who had deployed to the conflicts in Iraq or Afghanistan and who were in current intimate relationships. Using an anonymous web-based survey, participants completed measures of combat and sexual harassment exposure during deployment, measures of mental health and substance abuse, intimate relationship satisfaction, and recent IPV. Results: Results indicated that 63% of the sample reported experiencing any IPV in the past 6 months, whereas 73% reported using IPV toward their partner in the past 6 months. Linear regressions indicated intimate relationship satisfaction explained significant variance in recent psychological IPV, whereas alcohol misuse and recent psychological IPV experiences explained significant variance in physical IPV experiences and use and sexual IPV experiences. Conclusion: Women veterans in this study reported high levels of recent IPV experiences as well as the use of IPV. Results suggest the need to assess for both IPV use and IPV experiences in medical settings, and that for some women veterans, IPV prevention that focuses on healthy relationship functioning may be beneficial.