Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychologie de l’enfance'
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Cado-Boissel, Anne. "Psychopathologie d’un traumatisme crânien survenu durant l’enfance : effets à long terme sur le sujet et sa famille." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100015.
Full textObjective: This research aims to better understand the psychological consequences of a severe long-term head trauma which occurred during childhood. Problem: After a review of the issue in the Anglo-Saxon and French literature, the epistemological framework establishment allows the formulation of the problematic in three main axis: first on whether or not a long-term disorder exists and the representations of the subject and his parents, a second axis on adolescence, brain injury and activity of thought and a third on family dynamics and traumatic neurosis. Hypothesis: H0: The main hypothesis is the following: the existence of such a trauma leads to adolescence emotional upheaval that interferes with the psychological changes associated to puberty’s thrust. This change depends on the narcissistic foundation of the subject, the nature of the suffered events, its irreversible consequences on the subject’s cognitive functioning with its environment H1: the activity of thought is altered by subject’s capacities changes. H2: it reaches the representation at both identity and identification levels. H3: The accident caused a major family upheaval still after five years. Methodology: Population: At home, 20 adolescents and families, five years minimum after the accident. Data: Axis1: semi interview and Brown’s questionary Axis2: projective tests (Rorschach, TAT). Axis3: semi interview with parents. Data Analysis: Data are then analyzed quantitatively and within the psychoanalytical paradigm
Marin, Alexandrina-Carmen. "Le jeu, l'apprentissage et la religion : trois modèles sublimatoires dans le passage de l’enfance à l’adolescence à travers un groupe clinique villageois roumain et l’oeuvre littéraire de Ion Creangă." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD091.
Full textFrom a clinical practice with artistic mediations in a group of adolescents followed in a Romanian public school, we have chosen to address the problematics related to three sublimation : playing, religion, learning. Clinical research is completed by the study regarding the influence of these sublimation patterns in the literary works and biography of the classic Romanian writer, Ion Creangă. The clinical study highlights the existence of a disrupted psyche in relation to the traumas and family dysfunctions during the childhood of the subjects, disturbances that are enhanced by the puberty process itself. The various forms of mediation allow revealing archaic issues which are replayed during puberty. A glimpse at the overall effect of the interaction with the group, the clinician and the different categories of mediation - can be observed in the selected case studies.The difficulties of separation from childhood become clear both in clinical practice and in Memories from Childhood, the literary work of Ion Creanga. The foundation of the fa Ise-self is progressively destabilized through mediation and playing, and adolescents like Melania, Catalina, Mihaela, Tudor, Rare and Dorina express themselves more and more freely and spontaneous. The central hypothesis is that the mediation allows the ensemble of bio-psychological changes at puberty to happen without the typical violence of direct confrontations, but rather through a smooth transition
Plamondon, André. "Contribution des facteurs génétiques et du rendement scolaire aux associations entre l’inattention, l’hyperactivité/impulsivité et les symptômes dépressifs durant l’enfance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29707/29707.pdf.
Full textAttention-deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD) symptoms and depressive symptoms frequently co-occur in the same child. However, no theoretical model currently accounts for this pattern of co-occurrence. The principal goal of this dissertation is to test whether the dual failure model accurately accounts for the development of the association between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms in childhood. The dual failure model postulates that the association between externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors is mediated by peer difficulties and academic underachievement. This dissertation first investigates whether ADHD symptoms predict depressive symptoms throughout childhood, consistent with the dual failure model. The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to these associations is also investigated. Then, the mediating role of academic achievement in the association between inattention and depressive symptoms is investigated, as well as the contribution of risk factors relating to the dual failure model. The current study relies on a sample of 650 twin pairs, some of which have been seen between kindergarten and sixth grade. In the first paper, a greater association between depressive symptoms and inattention is seen than between depressive symptoms and hyperactivity/impulsivity. These associations are mainly accounted for by genetic factors in Kindergarten but nonshared environmental factors contribute increasingly to these associations as children get older. In the second paper, academic achievement is found to mediate the association between inattention and depressive symptoms. This mediation model is mostly accounted for by shared genetic factors between inattention and academic underachievement. Disruptive behaviors and relational difficulties do not account for the association between inattention, academic underachievement and depressive symptoms. These results show that inattention is an early risk factor for depressive symptoms and that risk factors relating to the dual failure model do not account for this association. The discussion focuses on the implications of these results for ADHD, the dual failure model and the contribution of genes to human development.
Van, Hooland Michelle. "Promotion de la santé en foyer de l’enfance : méthode d’éducation biographique pour la résilience." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20026/document.
Full textThe psychosocial promotion of resilience of the youth placed in foster child is achieved through amethod of education biography. In this method, the teenager is updating its resilience during the pastexperiences of family abuse and mobilizes its resilience to the present. Indeed, faced with perceivedstress placement, resilient adolescent mistreated resumes of past strategies perceived by professionals,such as socially inappropriate affect its resilience on a positive side. The biographical method ofeducation allows the transformation of its resources strategies because it promotes the process ofresilience and customization leads to a type of outcome is the ability to shape their biographicalexperience past and present. This transformation is done through an educational project. Proposed inthe childhood home of the project to create a book of stories of resilience in which the youth is broughtto his autobiographical tale of resilience and to transform it into narrative fiction. This statement andthe statement on this work are supported by a narrative statement hétérobiographique upstream and atale of resilience. These four stories are based on a narrative schema Stories of resilience. Thisstatement and the autobiographical work on the statement are in the production phase of the projectwhich also includes the phases of presentation, preparation, revision and socialization. Through allthese stages, the adolescent becomes an author : it is possible to position himself in the way ofmonitoring the project because the method is thought of in terms of social transformation
Leroux, Élisabeth. "Parcours de réussite scolaire de jeunes relevant de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance : conditions et modalités d’expression du processus de résilience." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH2440/document.
Full textThis research explores the emerging conditions and the successful scholastic results of those covered by the Protection for Children, through an approach grouping social and relational position and dynamics, and individual mobilisation. It took place in two sectors of the social action in the Ain department and concerned two phases of field work. The first one, quantitative, was achieved with a questionnaire for adults (the welcoming committee, social workers and teachers) in charge of the 229 youths in these 2 zones and consisted of a recording of facts relevant to their experience of placement, scholarity, specifications and their possible links or ties with their birth family. The second one, qualitative, resulted from meetings with those who appeared to be in academic achievement through the questionnaires (N=83). Thus, we were able to record interviews with 39 adolescents combined with those of 7 adults, themselves "ex-children of the Ddass". The contents of these meetings were analysed using the Chartier Method (a code of information units), in addition to an extensive amount of literal work about the used strategies. The results of the quantitative analysis confirm the traditional foundations of scholastic adaptation and, in particular, the socio-cultural impact of the family. In addition, it brings out the resources which the adolescents specifically use in their unexpected course as well as the anchorages and supports they may experience. These meetings allow us to define both these opportunities. Moreover, this shows in a particularly specific way the personality of the adolescent with successful scholastic results, shown by a strong determination, an increased maturity, an aptitude for positive thinking about his/her life, with a confident outlook to the future, the role of the close environment, looked after by a certain number of influential figures and the ability to distant himself/herself from events or people likely to hinder his/her progress. These specific features shape and form processes and experiences of resilience, where certain weaknesses are present - their motivations are varied, not all results are excellent as their past regularly reappears in their lives - but which above all bring into play learning and knowledge as sources of perspectives and as mediators to express and realise their reconstruction
Sarabian, Saied. "Agirs des adolescents à difficultés multiples et Pratiques d'accompagnement des professionnels : Etude de parcours adolescents en Protection de l’Enfance et des différentes postures professionnelles dans les institutions (foyer, hôpital psychiatrique)." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1599.
Full textThe acting out teenagers to many difficulties placed in a home education and sometimes in a psychiatric hospital can be considered at the same time, as symptoms of stumbling blocks in the process of adolescence but also as indices of a violence heritage. These young people replaying their problems on an institutional scene, will provoke reaction performances among professionals who rely in their approaches to problems and, ultimately, their practices. A dynamic and processual approach to acting disorder seems to bring the practices more oriented the parental substitution towards mediation activities in Child welfare, the capacity towards mediations care in psychiatry. Beyond of case studies in order to better understand the forms of acting out, so we wanted to study the attitudes of professionals through two monographs working starting from situations of two young people in placement, one in a house of children in social matter and the other in a psychiatric hospital. Thus, we put in prospect the historical perspective on institutions participating in supported these young people, the biographical and clinical data on their courses and the representations of professionals extracted mainly from interviews. We support here the thesis that the failure comes mainly from an absence of real practices of mediation compared to the environment of these young people and so from an undervaluation of the negative effects of the dependence to the professionals
Roland, Elsa. "Généalogie des dispositifs éducatifs en Belgique du XIVe au XXe siècle: Disciplinarisation et biopolitique de l’enfance :des grands schémas de la pédagogie à la science de l’éducation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257827.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Perzo, Laurianne. "Critiquer et enchanter le monde par le théâtre pour la jeunesse : exigences éthiques et esthétiques du répertoire dramatique contemporain." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0002.
Full textFrench theatre for young people has an increasing repertoire which explore children’s relationship with the world in an ethic and aesthetic context. This repertoire is a grouping of text which use a lot of different themes and which renew theatre in general. It also questions the message transmission from the author to the young addressee. Then, we think that addressing children may determine the writer artistic work. The double bind is very large with dramatic literature for young people. Indeed, it seems so important for authors not to hurt in a manner the addressee who is child-sensitive while plays they write deal with hard reality. And this in order to raise children awareness towards society and to suggest them to act in the world. The author engages his responsibility and his texts offer rich readings of the world. On one hand he faces the youth audience with broad society issues while on the other hand he wants to assert the sanctity of childhood. Several detour are used to enable them to read the world in its tragic aspects. Playwrights use childhood as a moral, social and political subject to condemn the problems of the modern world with children characters. When the child is present as a character it is often to criticize the society and to question human nature. However, plays are optimistic. It is precisely the specificity of childhood that uses the first detour to expose an unfortunate reality. Childhood is also use as a possibility to offer a worldview. Even if the authors present some dreadful situations, their creations are nice and understandable. It talks about important things of our present and one of its main purpose is to bring enjoyment. In introducing « aesthetics of resiliency » with children characters who are clinging to life and survive in spite of hard situations, young people theatre show its capacity to transform violence and enchant people’s lives : characters’ lives and even maybe readers’ lives. It is a crossover theatre because readers are simultaneously old or young and everyone seems to find some answer inside this literature. Indeed, childhood is a writing process therefore these texts might concern everyone. Childhood would be a personal and an universal value. Young people theater is therefore intergenerational. In short, the aim of this thesis was to examine the theatrical writing for young people and to examine the relation of the artists with the reality. This writing reveal the reality of the world and give a voice to what cannot be expressed itself – infans – revealing those oppression or injustice situations. A poetic of childhood spread though this theatre
Pinsolle, Julie. "L'éducation familiale transformée, approche anthropo-didactique de l'autorité à la préadolescence : Appréhension des pratiques dans la région bordelaise." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0388.
Full textThis work is about family education, at the time when children’s status has changed. Thisnew status alters educational and authority relationships and questions the link betweenindividual and collectiv aspects of social life such as transmission. How do parents dealwith this sensitiv issue that is authority, torn between the democratic ideal and theconstraint that cannot be avoided in education ? How do they organize everyday life ? Isfamily organisation linked with children’s way to follow school rules ?Studying chilren and childhood representations, the issue of this work is to reveal thedynamics that contributed to family education evolution. Thus, the aim of this study is tounderstand the movement of family education while allowing to question educationnalauthority by combining family and school sociological approaches.The study focuses on parenting practices (parents’ daily organisation with their children)and educational values that parents promot. It reavels that they their organisation haschanged. Henceforth parenting practicises are structured by situational heterogeneity and« social class education » is less relevant to describe parenting practices unlike genderideologies. On the axiological level appears the educational homogenization that Fize(1990) predicted : parents massively join values promoted by privileged backgroundsfamilies (child’s personal development).Finally, with the notion of sensitivy to school form (students’ way to follow school rules),the thesis shows how, in education, dialogue and explication injonctions reinforceeducational difficulties. On the contrary, it reveals that most critical points in education areunspeakable and that the meaning of rules relies in their use
Monlouis, Alain. "Socialisation dissociée de l’enfant guadeloupéen." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082812.
Full textFrom the origin to the present the destabilization of guadeloupéen family is perpetuating itself from slavery, when the family has been separated, by chasing away the head of the family. Leaving the mother as so responsible. The father became abscent for a long time. The matriarchal ancestral system in order to instil a survival strategy stretches back to the mémory of our grand-mother and mother. This system will évolue and refered to as the matrifocal system. This dissociation will stems from the abscence of the father is exacerbated by another destabilizing facter, this franco-créole conflictuel diglossie. This double contraint witch our children suffer from the résulting failures, reflec in the childs life and éducation. A greater importance attached to the créole, the créole language is issued from créole culture may move to be one of the possible solution
Borchardt, Gaëlle. "L’influence des connaissances graphotactiques sur l’acquisition de l’orthographe lexicale : étude chez l’enfant d’école élémentaire et chez l’adulte." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H114/document.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Roques, Marie-Anaïs. "Facteurs de risque et de protection impliqués dans la détresse psychologique, l'état de stress post-traumatique et la résilience des adultes ayant été victimes d'inceste dans l'enfance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0331.
Full textMost of research conducted on incest victims has aimed to identify and to describe the harmful consequences of such abuse. Results highlight the diversity of the adaptative and non-adaptative responses developed by the victims. This great interpersonal variability suggests to the clinicians the existence of factors involved in the development of harmful symptoms, or, on the contrary, in the enhancing of the resilience process. In this context, the identification of the characteristics and the specificities of the incest victims’ psychological functioning represents the first objective of this exploratory research. The second goal is to identify the protective and risk factors implicated in the psychological distress, the post-traumatic stress symptomatology and the resilience process among incest victims. Finally, considering these factors, our research puts forward two models of the psychological functioning of this population.107 adults who experienced incest took part in the research and answered a set of validated questionnaires. 10 participants participated in a semi-directive interview. Our results suggest intense psychological suffering experienced by the incest victims. Three categories of factors which can act as protective or risk factors were identified. Our exploratory research highlights the complexity of the factors implicated in the psychological functioning of the victims and the importance of the individual, contextual and social resources of the victims. Our results bring to light the levers and the limits of the professional and non-professional care experiences tried by the incest victims
Meilac, Cédric. "Expertise psychologique de l’enfant et de l’adolescent en enquête préliminaire : des facteurs d'influence à l'analyse séquentielle psychovictimologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD008.
Full textThe practice of psychological examination - in the context of a criminal procedure - of the child or teenager who claims to have been a victim of sexual violence, is at the start of the present study. It raises the question of the standpoint – procedural, clinical and methodological – of the expert psychologist, as well as that of credibility. Leaving aside possible factors of influence and what the allegations might not be or be insufficiently in relation to a typical traumatic talk, we have focused our attention on what they might be or might reveal and illustrate about the psychological functioning of the author of the claims. Starting from a survey of the available literature, we have envisaged a clinical view of the allegation, based on a multidimensional model which encompasses all at once the cognitive-developmental, psycho-genetic, underlying, interrelational, circumstantial, procedural, syndromic, semiological and intrapsychic dimensions. Such model, which places the allegation process (referring or not to a traumatic experience undergone in reality) at the heart of a multidimensional and multifactorial analysis, considers the said analysis on a dynamic register, including the acquisitions validated in each of the fields referred to by the abovementioned dimensions. Starting from real psychological examinations and using a hypothetic-deductive approach, we have developed a tool which we call a sequential psycho-victimological analysis table, aiming at allowing the matching of elements belonging to distinct dimensions, to highlight and test hypotheses
Mazza, Mainpin Aurore. "Le travail dans l’accueil familial : quels enjeux pour l’enfant accueillant ?" Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1028.
Full textIf the foster care concerns at first foster children displaced from a family to another, it constitutes a singular event for the entire family but mainly for children of foster parents. Our research aims to understand the particularity of these potential fraternal experiences between children (fostered and fostering), beyond the traditional relational configurations derived from filiation. Specifically, to the extent that the foster care is instituted at the intersection of work and family spheres, we seek to understand how these fraternal experiences are invested by the dimensions of work and then how child of foster parents, as a teenager, lives the foster care system. Various types of data (quantitative and qualitative) were collected from 45 teenagers aged from 11 to 18 years. From the perspective of triangulation, we have articulated a statistical analysis of questionnaires, a lexical metric analysis of our entire corpus and finally a qualitative content analysis of four interviews. Even if children of foster parents present anxiety and depression scores lower than the population of the same age, our results show that receiving a child in foster care at home is a complex life experience, changing relational, family and personal balances. How fostering children speak their experience clearly shows the existence of a singular dynamic professional socialization, but also a certain risk of feeling overwhelmed with relationship problems and contrasting family memberships. Finally, we highlight two postures and opposing conceptions of foster care, as children think and live the relationship with the foster child from a perspective of care or service delivery
Mallet, Jeremie. "Le cancer chez l’enfant : du phénomène corporel à sa subjectivation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20013.
Full textA sacred figure of the 21st century, the child, when affected by a cancer pathology, is bound to carry the burden of cultural symbols and of the anxiety - inducing social discourse resulting from them. Sometimes considered a victim, sometimes a hero, an ill child is in fact an object under the influence of the Other ; a control acting through the disease itself, but also by the legitimate anguish of parents, the medical corps and the therapeutic measures that are necessary to reach the desired cure. With particular attention to the singularity of the discourse that we met in the paediatric oncology clinic (children aged 4 to 9 years old), and specifically to the psychological processes involved in the symbolization and in the development of their personal and subjective theories surrounding their condition, we believe that this development of a “signification” – acting as a psychological healing attempt following an incursion into reality – also defines the subject’s involvement in the disease, which frees them from being mere objects Furthermore, when these children show a puzzling symptom or feel the need to find the answer to a question, especially in the afterwardsness of intensive treatments – like a real point altering the constructed signification surrounding the disease – we believe that changing this objectification is possible thanks to analytical work around this signification, which can be deconstructed and reconstructed through the significant’s ambivalence, metaphors and metonymy. An attempt to define a new way of existing marked by the experience with the disease, rather than being prevented by it
Chibane, Aziza. "Construction du symbolisme graphique et acquisition des référentiels spatiaux chez l’enfant d’âge préscolaire : étude comparée de l'influence des structures linguistiques en langue arabe et française." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H031.
Full textIn the framework of a program of research aiming to apprehend knowledge of the young child in the graphic symbolization area, our work focuses on clean effects to languages in the process of rule acquisition of constant graphic structuring by children arabic- speaking and french-speaking in the expression of relationships positionnelles static. To divulge syntactic variations entailed by the presence of the verb +to be ; sentences comprising this verb are given to represent with the help logogrammes arbitrary. Obtained productions are compared with the similar sentence representation comprising in dynamic verb on the other hand, the diversity of the semantic value of presented prepositions, entails equally graphic variations as well as of variations in the coding of the referential spacial. We make the hypothesis : w of a less good representation in the order spacial and temporal in the presence the verb +tobe; to weak tends semantic. W of a graphic presentation morphosyntaxic more precise at the french- speaking that at the arabiv considering their representation praxique more abstracted more objective. Results show a certain variability in rule + spacial order; and +location ; between arabophones and french-speaking as well as of differences in the type of coding of the referential spacial. The diversity of performances intergroupe realized by child of the same ages is linked not to a cognitive factor but a linguistic factor
Cadiou, Clarisse. "L’influence du bilinguisme précoce sur le développement et le fonctionnement cognitif de l’enfant." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1017.
Full textThe main objective was to evaluate the influence of bilinguism on children’s cognitive functioning and development. We wondered if precocious bilingualism constitutes for the child a complimentary variable of his/her environment, likely to influence his/her cognitive development and to contribute to his/her leaming profile, and if the precocious introduction of a second language influences the acquisition of the maternal language. We studied the parents’ reasons for placing their child in a Diwan school (French-Breton) and those of the child to continue in this circuit of schools. We led a longitudinal and comparative study. The main results gathered at the primary school show bilingualism contributes to defining an apprenticeship profile in which simultaneous information processing prevails and at the secondary school, we haven’t, however, been able to confirm this, but we have highlighted some characteristics which seem to translate subtle outward signs of differential functioning
Quénette, Guy. "Se représenter les émotions du personnage du récit : contributions méthodologiques chez l’enfant âgé de huit à dix ans et perspectives interculturelles." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30042/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the ability of children aged eight to ten years to produce inferences about the emotional state of the protagonist while they discover the story (i.e., online evaluation). Four main objectives have to be distinguished. First, the specificity of the emotional inferences children produced is examined through two types of tasks already used and validated in adults, namely a completion task and a multiple-choice task. Regarding the completion task, children are invited to write down the emotion the character is supposed to feel at this moment of the story. For the multiple-choice task, they have to select from a list of emotional labels the one that best fits the situation described. Secondly, this thesis provides a relevant framework to assess the development of children’s emotional knowledge by considering their ability to infer both basic emotions and social emotions. Thirdly, our purpose is to highlight that the expressivity of the narrator can be of help in inferring the character’s emotions. Finally, in order to open this work to an intercultural comparison, children’s ability to infer the emotion of the character has been considered both in France and in Mauritius. In view of these different objectives, the series of studies we carried address both methodological and theoretical issues. Overall, the present thesis provides additional data to the current state of knowledge in psychology about children’s ability to represent the character’s emotional state and underlines related pedagogical contributions to reinforce practices in the field of education
Chouinard, Andrée-Anne. "La contribution de la sensibilité maternelle au développement langagier selon le temps de gestation et l'état de santé de l’enfant à la naissance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27903/27903.pdf.
Full textBédard, Lacroix Jacinthe. "Représentations de l’enfant chez les mères adolescentes : lien avec les interactions mère-enfant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25249.
Full textFayolle, Sophie. "Perception du temps et émotions chez l’adulte et l’enfant : étude des mécanismes." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL018/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to study more precisely the influence of emotions on time perception, and above all to try to identify the underlying mechanisms, still unknown to this day. For this, I conducted 6 studies organized around 2 axes. The goal of Axis 1 was to identify the mechanisms involved in the effect of emotions on the duration judgment of emotional stimuli in a temporal bisection task. The goal of Axis 2 was to develop new induction methods in order to observe more robust effects.The results reveal a subjective lengthening of time, with different types of highly arousing emotional stimuli. This effect appears with several types of threatening stimuli and a wide range of durations, ranging from 0.3 to 8 s. It also appears similarly in adults and children, at least from the age of 5. Moreover, this time dilatation is not accompanied by an improvement in time sensitivity, even when temporal discrimination was difficult. All of these data suggest a robust effect of highly arousing emotions on time perception, which would be explained mainly by automatic mechanisms, and would cause the acceleration of the internal clock. In a situation of danger, this clock acceleration would allow the individual to react as quickly as possible. When time goes faster, the individual is prepared to act quicker. However, further studies are still needed to resolve the issue of automatic processes and the absence of attentional effects
Rasho, Abdul Rahman. "Le processus de victimité secondaire chez l’enfant victime d’agression à caractère sexuel : double approche, victimologie clinique, psychologie judiciaire : appréhension par le discours de professionnels du parcours socio-judiciaire." Rennes 2, 2009. https://hal.univ-rennes2.fr/tel-02083590.
Full textWith the aim to study the impact of social and judicial proceedings on the child victim of sexual abuse, this research deepens and clarifies the concept of secondary victimization. Part one: delimitations of the filed and course of study: clinical victimology. Definitions, statistics, interdisciplinary typology of sexual abuse. Cognitive and emotional development of children and impact of sexual abuse on them. The difficulties faced by the abused child, vulnerability of his psych-affective and cognitive structures; need for appropriate treatment. Part two: identification and analysis made by professionals from the socio-judicial environment, major symptoms identified in children assaulted; treatment of these data by the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Through interviews with professionals, assessment of the impact of procedures on the child, destabilizing and helpful factors. The preferred audiovisual recording as a technique limiting the proliferation of interventions. The “Outreau” case as an example of the process of secondary victimization with victimized children, analysis of discourse of professionals of the socio-judicial world (source : Le Monde)
Salla, Julie. "Enjeux de réussite, parentalité et santé psychologique de l’enfant et l’adolescent : du surinvestissement au syndrome de réussite par procuration dans le contexte sportif et scolaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22083.
Full textThe main objective of this research was to study the effects of parental overinvolvement regarding the mental health and achievement of children and adolescents enrolled in a context of excellence while exploring the effect other personal and parental factors. Method: Participants were recruited in sports and school population. In total, the sample population consisted of 636 sports participants (201 children, 93 adolescents, 342 parents). The school population sample consisted of 611 participants (127 children, 174 teenagers, 310 parents). The children responded to questionnaires that assessed anxiety, personality, parenting and parental overinvolvement perceived. Adolescents completed questionnaires focused on the assessment of mental health, personality, parenting and parental overinvolvement perceived. Parents responded to questionnaires on personality disorders and parental overinvolvement. Results: The studies have highlighted : 1) the interest of a scale assessing parental overinvolvement in children and adolescents, 2 ) the deleterious influence of perceived parental overinvolvement on the mental health of children and adolescents in sports and school population, 3 ) individual vulnerability associated with negative perfectionism among children and young people in sport and school, 4) the adverse role of perceived parental overinvolvement on athletic and academic success, 5) the existence of a common personality profile among sport and school population associated with parental overinvolvement 6) an explanatory model of parental overinvolvement based on the combination of personality factors and personal parental, 7) links between parental overinvolvement and achievement by proxy Spectrum. Conclusion: The results highlight the issues associated with parental overinvolvement regarding mental health and success of children and adolescents, as they are enrolled in a context of sports or academic excellence. Preventive actions could be carried out in an educational perspective in order to prevent the effects associated with disease pressure success
Josset, Éliane. "Le corps de l’enfant à l'épreuve de la drépanocytose : traitement psychique de la douleur et représentations de la maladie dans les dessins d’enfants et le discours des patients, des familles et des soignants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC330.
Full textSickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the world. The main symptom is intense and unpredictable pain. Painful crisis sometimes require medical and psychic cares during hospitalization. In painful crisis, the child experiences massive anxieties and feelings of helplessness. Even if pain could be destructuring, an intrapsychic treatment can be held by psychological support. Pain follows a path between the child and his environment. By contagion and identification, people nearby may feel threatened and overwhelmed. Sickle cell crisis, peppering the lives of patients at a young age, are at once effractant and constitutive of their “feeling of being”. Without understating the difficulty to exist of the subject, painful crisis sometimes sign the movement and expression of subjectivity.At first, this research approaches clinical and theoretical aspects of sickle cell disease, specifically, issues of representations of the disease, pain, and filiation. Then, in a qualitative study, we will offer to children to draw their pain. A semi-structured interview will be conducted with their parent. This research aims to contribute to the improvement of medical and psychic care for children with sickle cell disease and their parents
Audusseau, Jean. "Prise de décision sous incertitude et raisonnement probabiliste chez l’enfant : aspects développementaux et différentiels." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20015/document.
Full textThe study of decision making under uncertainty in psychology attempts to identify the various processes by which individuals select a course of action among several alternative possibilities in order to reach a particular goal, when the outcomes of this course of action are uncertain. We hypothesize that executive function and logical-mathematical reasoning may play a role in decision making under uncertainty in children aged 5 to 11. We adopt an individual differences approach (between- end within-individual variability) combined with a developmental approach (micro- ans macrogenetic change). Four studies have been conducted. The first two studies underline working memory role in a gambling task in children aged 8 to 11, and cast some doubts on executive function implication in this gambling task in children aged 5 to 7 (test/retest approach). The third study aims to identify the strategies children aged 5 to 6 use in a probability quantification task. By considering both individual and situational variations, we identify various strategies that relates to distinct developmental levels. We show that older children display a greater strategic flexibility in response to situational variations. Finally, the fourth study seeks to investigate decision making in a gambling task with the Expected Valence model in children aged 6 to 11. Our idiographic approach first focuses on an individual model, and then compares the only children whose decisions were appropriately captured by the individual model
Rbiaa, Abdelaziz. "La Figure Complexe de Rey et la Figure Complexe en Arabesque : entre une évaluation classique et une évaluation dynamique pour l’examen psychologique de l’enfant marocain d’âge scolaire." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0160/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the psychological examination of Moroccan school-age children, which consists of copying and reproducing from memory two complex geometric figures, namely Rey Complex Figure (1941), comprised mainly of straight lines, and Arabesque Complex Figure, modeled in this study and incorporated with a number of geometric shapes equal to straight lines. The efficiency level of the memory retention of topics is defined by the achievement of a high score on the graphical quality of the complex geometrical figure, the use of advanced implementation strategies, and its implementation in the shortest time with mental representation of this figure translated into a language production with a rich mental lexicon by numbers, by theme reflecting its cultural identity and the linguistic systems used.This study samply is composed of 360 children aged 6 to 13 years, who, in addition to having been subject to a sociodemographic and language skills questionnaire participated in a test of laterality and interindividual placing of the Rey Complex Figure (Rey, 1941) and the Arabesque Complex Figure in two orders reversed with two assessment methods classic and dynamic (Kirkwood et al., 2001) in an intra individual perspective.The results show that the efficiency of a Moroccan school-age child during a psychological examination develops according to his/her language skills, the development of his/her age, the advancement of his/her school grade and the belonging to his school to a urban environment. However, this efficiency is not gender related (girl / boy). Similarly, it is not related to his/her lateral profile (right / left), the directionality of the plot that dominates its graphic productions (up / down, right / left) and the order of execution (RCF / ACF, ACF / RCF). This same efficiency manifests itself more through dynamic assessment against the conventional assessment and slightly related to the award of the ACF
تركز هذه اللأطروحة على الاختبار النفسي للطفل المغربي في سن التمدرس والذي يخص نسخ شكلين من الأشكال الهندسية، المعقدة باعتماد التذكر، وإعادة إنتاجهما. يتعلق الأمر بالشكل الغرافي المركب لراي (Rey, 1941) الذي يتألف أساسا من الخطوط المستقيمة؛ والشكل الغرافي المركب بالأرابيسك والذي تمت نمذجته خلال هذه الدراسة حيث يتألف بدوره من الأشكال الهندسية المستقيمة والأشكال الهندسية المنحنية على حد سواء.تم تحديد مستوى كفاءة احتفاظ الأطفال بالشكل الهندسي المعقد في الذاكرة ارتباطا بتحقيق درجة عالية من الجودة الرسومية له، واستخدام استراتيجيات التنفيذ المتقدمة، وتنفيذها في أقصر وقت ممكن مع التمثل الذهني للصورة المركبة وترجمتها إلى إنتاج لغوي موسوم بمعجم ذهني غني بالوحدات المعجمية، وبالمواضيع التي تعكس هوية الطفل الثقافية، وبالأنظمة اللغوية المستخدمة عددا وعدة.تهم هذه الدراسة 360 طفلا تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين 6 سنوات و 13 سنة، تم استبيان وضعيتهم الاجتماعية والديموغرافية، ومهاراتهم اللغوية. كما شاركوا في اختبار التجانب واختبار بين-فردي خاص بالشكل الغرافي المركب لراي (Rey, 1941) والشكل الغرافي المركب بالأرابيسك وفق ترتيبين معكوسين ومع أسلوبين اثنين من أساليب التقييم: الأول كلاسيي، والثاني ديناميي (Kirkwood et al., 2001) ومن منظور داخل-فردي.لقد أظهرت النتائج أن كفاءة الاحتفاظ في ذاكرة عند الطفل المغربي في سن التمدرس، خلال اختبار نفسي ما، تتطور ارتباطا بكفاياته اللسانية، وتقدمه في السن، وتطور مستواه الدراسي، وبمدى انتماء مدرسته إلى سياق حضري. لكن هذه الكفاءة لا علاقة لها بمتغير الجنس (ذكر / أنثى)، ولا بمتغير الجانبية (أيمن / أيسر)، ولا باتجاهية الرسم المهيمن على الإنجازات الغرافية (أعلى / أسفل، يمين / يسار)، ولا حتى بترتيب تنفيذ مهام إنتاج الأشكال (الشكل الغرافي المركب لراي/ الشكل الغرافي المركب بالأرابيسك؛ الشكل الغرافي المركب بالأرابيسك/ الشكل الغرافي المركب لراي).غير أن هذه الكفاءة نفسها (كفاء الاحتفاظ في الذاكرة) تتمظهر بشكل أقوى وأوضح بموجب التقييم الديناميي في مقابل التقييم الكلاسيي، وبعلاقة طفيفة بإنتاج الشكل الغرافي المركب بالأرابيسك
Freire, Fonseca da Luz Rita Alexandra. "Un début différent : étude de l’adaptation psychologique du couple à la parentalité et au diagnostic prénatal d’une pathologie fœtale, de la grossesse à la première année de vie de l’enfant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0347/document.
Full textTransition to parenthood is an important period for personal and familial development. To become a parent is a long term project that implies the reconstruction of psychological and social roles by both parents.Different elements may influence the way parents assimilate this reality and adjust to the psychosocial context of parenthood. Hence, it is important to understand the process by which individual and dyadic factors contribute to the couples’ psychological adjustment to transition to parenthood and to evaluate the conditions that may be risk factors altering this developmental transition.The antenatal diagnosis of a fetal anomaly is a very specific situation in the context of parenthood that received little attention. The stress associated to this demanding, even traumatic, situation increases the risk of emotional and relational problems and may jeopardise the development and functioning of the family system.In order to study the process of psychological adaptation of couples to parenthood, specifically after the antenatal diagnosis of a fetal anomaly, we first evaluated the “normal” psychological evolution during pregnancy and postnatal period. Afterwards, using the same research protocol, we studied the process of psychological adaptation of couples who received the diagnosis of a fetal anomaly from pregnancy to one year after childbirth.This work may allow better understanding of the risk and protection factors for the psychological adjustment of parents during the transition to parenthood and after the antenatal diagnosis of a fetal anomaly. From a clinical and preventive perspective, this study may allow to increase knowledge on the elements perinatal healthcare professionals must take into account during the transition to parenthood and after the antenatal diagnosis of a fetal anomaly in order to promote psychological adjustment of the couple system
Roy, Fanie. "Le soutien social chez les mères adolescentes : Précisions quant aux sources et types de soutien social et contribution du soutien social à l’attachement de l’enfant, en lien avec l’adaptation parentale et la sensibilité maternelle interactive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28534/28534.pdf.
Full textBales, Melanie. "Difficultés psychologiques périnatales : facteurs de risque et développement d’un modèle multifactoriel en population générale. Résultats de l’Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance (ELFE)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0341/document.
Full textMother’s psychological problems during the perinatal period are frequent and potentiallyserious for both mother and child. Depressive disorders appear to be particularly poorly identifiedand access to mental health care for women in the perinatal period remains a major public healthissue. Few studies have focused on interrelationships between risk factors for occurence ofpostpartum depressive symptoms. The main objective of our work was to study the impact ofvarious risk factors for occurrence of psychological problems during pregnancy and / orpostpartum, in a large sample of mothers in general population. The second objective was todevelop a "multifactorial model of postnatal depressive symptoms" based on the theoretical workof Milgrom, Martin & Negri (1999).Two studies were conducted using data from the ELFE cohort (Etude LongitudinaleFrançaise depuis l’Enfance - French longitudinal study from childhood). The first study (n=15143) showed that socioeconomic vulnerabilities and some characteristics of pregnancy,particularly those concerning antenatal care and obstetrical complications, were independentlyassociated with prenatal psychological distress. About 13% of women report having presentedsuch difficulties and a quarter of them had consulted a mental health specialist. Young age,intermediate educational level and being foreign-born were independently associated with a lowerprobability of access to mental health care. The second study (n=11 643) enabled the developmentof a multifactorial model of postnatal maternal depressive symptomatology. The results show adirect effect of prenatal support from the spouse and baby's self-regulatory capacities on theintensity of postnatal depressive symptoms. Indirect effects of socioeconomic status and maternalunderstanding of the baby’s crying mediated by respectively prenatal support and baby’s selfregulationcapacity are shown.Despite public health strategies to promote an organized screening and psychosocialvulnerabilities perinatal prevention strategies, lack of access to mental health care during theperinatal period remains a major public health issue. Our work confirms the hypothesis thatpostnatal depressive symptoms have multifactorial origins, evolving within a complex interactivemodel. Prenatal support from the spouse and baby-related characteristics seem to have a central
Romé, Maria. "L’énonciation chez l’enfant : problématique et incidences à partir de l’enseignement de Jacques Lacan." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20035/document.
Full textIn this research we analyse the problem of the enunciation in the child, from a psychoanalytical perspective oriented by Jacques Lacan’s teaching. Two central questions guide our work: What is the originality of the enunciation in Lacan’s theory? What are the particularities of the enunciation in the child? To address the first question, we study the elaboration of this notion in different moments of Lacan’s teaching, by considering especially his sixth seminar (1958-1959). Taking into account the contributions of Jules Séglas, Roman Jakobson, Jacques Damourette and Édouard Pichon, we indicate the specificity of this notion in psychoanalysis in comparison with a linguistic approach: its relation with the negation, its articulation with the desire and the pulsion, its closeness to the superego and the fundamental ghost. On the basis of these conceptualizations, we address the second question, concerning the particularities of the enunciation in the child. Considering the tension between structure and temporality in Lacan’s teaching, we study his perspective of the child, as well as recent discussions about its place in psychoanalytical treatment. By analysing some clinical extracts, we propose to test the thesis of the child localisation between the level of the enunciated (or content) and the level of the enunciation. In this way, we try to specify the incidences and the possible uses of this category in psychoanalytical clinic with children
Leunen, Dorothée. "Etude du développement de la mémoire sémantique chez l’enfant sain et de l’impact d’une atteinte hippocampique uni ou bilatérale." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H126.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to improve our knowledge on the semantic memory functioning during childhood and adolescence. For this, two research topics are suggested: (1) the evaluation and the study of the normal development of semantic memory; (2) its dysfunction in the presence of a unilateral or bilateral hippocampal lesions. Our first research focuses on the creation of eleven original tests of verbal and nonverbal semantic memory. Their validation with 193 healthy children aged 9 to 16 years indicates a considerable influence of the age and the grade level on the development of semantic memory. However, all areas of semantic knowledge do not follow the same developmental trajectories. Our second study, involving the assessment of 27 young patients undergoing surgery for temporal or frontal epilepsy, shows that some semantic knowledge could be dysfunctional during development. In particular, the temporal surgery seems to cause a specific impairment of semantic memory, indicating a significant involvement of temporal structures in the acquisition of semantic knowledge. Our third study focuses on childhood permanent amnesic syndromes by providing two cases studies. Using our assessment battery, we demonstrate that disorders of semantic memory could coexist with those traditionally identified in episodic memory
Charles, Émilie. "Les préalables à l’émergence des échanges de regards spontanés avec l’autre chez l’enfant autiste." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4456&f=29084.
Full textEye contact and attention express an active investment in others during social interaction. The gaze movement reflects an instinctive game between corporality and otherness. It also introduces an intersubjective space. A glance directed to others makes perceptible the intangible characteristics of this relational movement between one and others. The goal of the present thesis work is to question and identify prerequisites that support the emergence of eye contact for the autistic child. Our study shows that autistic children do not practice mandatory eye-contact avoidance. The sensory integration difficulties identified in autism, which are related to modulation, adjustment and synchronization, prevent the gaze from being supported by other sensorialities. Whereas the other's eye acts like a mobile mirror allowing identification, the autistic child can't fully take advantage of it depending on the evolution of his sensorial integration. The physical and subjective construction of the child remains precarious, as do the learning of relational implicit and communication. Nevertheless, thanks to qualitative and systematic micro-analysis of relational exchanges within a semi-structured situation as part of a standardized evaluation test, we identified precursors to the emergence of spontaneous and intersubjective eye contact in autistic children aged 2 to 4 years. Those sensorimotor precursors of the investment of the own body and emotional sharing, can be mobilized in the transferential link, in order to support the relaunch of the gaze's participation in figuration processes, but also to promote increasingly spontaneous and intentional gazes in intersubjective communication. This suggests interesting therapeutic avenues
Ida, Akiko. "Les vécus de l’enfant hospitalisé à Dakar : une analyse ethnographique des paroles et des interactions dans quelques services de pédiatrie à Dakar." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0725.
Full textSub-Saharan Africa observes more than 3 million deaths of children under 5 years of age every year, and the health of African children constitutes a priority for international development. This thesis therefore sets its objective to shed light on the perceptions of the sick child, his/her close family members and health care professionals concerned in certain paediatrics in Dakar. This research is at a crossroads of anthropology of health and anthropology of childhood, and two fieldworks were conducted: an ethnographic research in a paediatric ward in Dakar; and another research in two primary schools, where semi-structured interviews were conducted and drawings and compositions were collected from pupils. Major results are as follows. Firstly, in a relatively poor country such as Senegal where the state cannot guarantee the basic public services, poverty is a synonym for exclusion from the essential health care services. Secondly, health professionals adapt the painful procedures according to the circumstances and different types of hierarchies. In this context, health professionals were both authorities and victims of this “system of indifference” at the same time. Then, a dogma exists among the doctors that the young patient must be treated up to the end of his life despite of his sufferings. Finally, the end of life has no place in the hospital in Dakar. To conclude, the experience of children in hospital is affected by the context of social relations and norms in situ. However, the testimonies by the children also confirm their autonomy and their capacity for reflections
Capobianco, Aurélie. "La rencontre parents / nouveau-né en réanimation néonatale : du nouveau-né, objet de la médecine, à l’enfant de ses parents." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2030.
Full textWhen a baby is not born in joy but in fear, how can you meet them? If a baby is in danger, the first person who welcomes them is an intensive care unit specialist, who is then closely supported by a medical team. This baby abandons themselves to the carers. Their organ-related disorders meet this team's healing expectations, who treat the baby with the support of modern equipment. In the current setting of neonatal intensive care units, how much room is given to parents? The psychic risk in this type of birth is the rupture of the symbolic bond that unites a mother to her baby and a baby to a mother. The physical risk is that the baby's body, deprived of its primary functions, becomes limited to a functional body, suffocated by technology. In a space where care is vital, how can parents meet their baby? This research is the outcome of an immersion internship in a neonatal intensive care unit. Based on psychoanalytic theorizations, and supported by real clinical evidence, it shows:- how the dimensions of the Real, Symbolic and Imaginary offer valuable guidance in the field of this type of medicine, intensely infused by the psyche;- how the team of such a unit requires costly protective strategies in order to support the destructuring identification generated by daily care for sick newborns;- how this destructuring identification is compensated by an overidentification to medicine, established as a phallic mother;- how the parents' meeting with their sick baby can be humanized by encouraging talking next to incubators, not only a talk related to medical theory but addressed to the baby, as a developing subject;- how the theory of the supposition of the subject is a precious tool to support and re-engage a meeting that was interrupted by the care requirements;- and finally, how an articulation between doctors and clinicians should be supported - at all costs - to support the parents/newborn meeting in such a unit. It can be explained by the fact that the baby, from birth, aspires to enter the symbolic relationship process
Barbier, Guillaume. "Contrôle de la production de la parole chez l’enfant de 4 ans : l'anticipation comme indice de maturité motrice." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS013/document.
Full textThis thesis work investigates speech production in 4-year-old children, in comparison with adults, from a speech motor control perspective. It focuses on two indices: measures of token-to-token variability in the production of isolated vowels and on anticipatory intra and extra-syllabic coarticulation within V1-C-V2 sequences. Acoustic and articulatory data were recorded thanks to ultrasound tongue imaging within the HOCUS system. Acoustic data from 20 children and 10 adults have been analyzed. Ultrasound data have been analyzed from a subset of these participants: 6 children and 2 adults. In agreement with former studies, token-to-token variability was greater in children than in adults. Strong anticipation of V2 in V1 realization was found in all adults. In children, anticipation was not systematic, and when observed, it was of smaller amplitude than in adults. In more details, only 5 children among the 20 studied showed a small amount of anticipation, mainly along the antero-posterior dimension, manifested in the acoustic F2 dimension. Anticipatory intra-syllabic coarticulation also seems to be of smaller amplitude in children than in adults. Last, children's speech gestures are slower than those of adults. These results are interpreted as evidence for the immaturity of children's speech motor control from two perspectives: insufficiently stable motor control patterns for vowel production, and a lack of effectiveness in anticipating forthcoming gestures. In line with theories of optimal motor control, we assume that anticipatory coarticulation is based on the use of internal models, i.e. sensori-motor representations of the speech production apparatus in the central nervous system, and that the amplitude of anticipatory coarticulation reflects the increasing maturation of these sensori-motor representations as speech develops
Docquir, Camille. "Le corps éprouvé, entre désir et douleur : étude psychodynamique comparative du trouble de conversion et du trouble douloureux chez l’enfant et l’adolescent." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H115.
Full textConversion symptoms have been considered “mysterious” by Freud until the end of his life. They still raise numerous questions. One of them deals with their relation to pain: whereas medically unexplained pain symptoms are sometimes considered to be conversion symptoms in the same way as sensorimotor symptoms, they can correspond to various pathogeneses (anxiety neurosis, hypocondria, psychosomatic symptoms...).We thus hypothesize that whereas sensorimotor symptoms result from a conversion mechanism (which might be underlied by various conflicts but necessarily imply a symbolical expression of these conflicts), pain symptoms, as for them, may range along a continuum extending from a conversive end characterized by this symbolical dimension to a non conversive end characterized by a more economical than symbolical dimension (including possibilities of moving from an end to another). On the conversive end, symptoms would be underlied by good abilities in psychical elaboration of excitation, strong and supple psychical envelopes and good abilities to rely on a psychical internal object. On the non conversive end, symptoms would be underlied by difficulties in psychical elaboration of excitation, fragile psychical envelopes and difficulties to rely on a psychical internal object.In order to test our hypotheses, we have met 27 children and adolescents (8 to 15 years old) diagnosed as having a conversion disorder or a pain disorder (DSM-IV-TR diagnoses), in the framework of a wide research set up by Dr Lisa Ouss at the Necker-Enfants malades hospital (Paris). Among these patients, 8 had exclusively sensorimotor symptoms, 11 had both sensorimotor and pain symptoms, and 8 had exclusively pain symptoms. We have gathered and analysed the data of clinical encounters and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) of each patient in a psychodynamic way. We then have made intergroup comparisons.The results show that patients with sensorimotor symptoms (accompanied or not by pain symptoms) have significantly better abilities in psychical elaboration of excitation and significantly better abilities to rely on a psychical internal object than patients with exclusively pain symptoms, which tends to confirm our initial hypothesis. Yet there is no significant difference between the groups as far as psychical envelopes’ quality is concerned. The results also show that (pre)adolescents (11 to 15 years old) have significantly better abilities in psychical elaboration of excitation and significantly better abilities to rely on a psychical internal object than latent children (8 to 10 years old), and that girls have significantly better abilities in psychical elaboration of excitation, significantly better abilities to rely on a psychical internal object and significantly stronger psychical envelopes than boys
Simon, Florent. "Proposition d’une nouvelle méthode de cotation et contribution à la validation du CAT (Children’s Apperception Test) pour l’approche clinique du développement de l’enfant et de sa personnalité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0165/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to develop a new method of rating and interpreting the Children’s Apperception Test (CAT). This new method wich we have called “la méthode des trois axes” is built on techniques from the academic “Ecole de Paris” for projective methods. It is based in part on the theory of Roussillon (1995, 1997) concerning the projective metapsychology of processes which describes the psychic path from the perception of the stimulus of the plate to the verbalization of the response. This grid is built with 3 axis of description, including 16 categories of rating and 83 items used to rate the responses in application to the ten plates of CAT. “La méthode des trois axes” was applied to 500 children in two groups : a group of “all-comers” met in school (n=380) and a group of patients in care institution (n=120). The data was analyzed using a descriptive approach based on three age groups : 3 years old, 4-6 years old and 6-12 years old. We also performed the assessment of inter-rater reliability on the rating with the method curently used (Boekholt’s method) and “la méthode des 3 axes” that we propose. On the basis of the results, we propose a theory of the CAT method, which consists of three parts: the test administration, the process rating manual and the interpretation manual which include normative references. This method will enable clinicians psychologists who use this tool to more accurately assess the psychic functioning of the child
Clée, Christel. "Développement des traitements cognitifs, des traitements émotionnels et des jugements émotionnels du compliment et de la critique ironiques chez l’enfant âgé de 8 à 11 ans : approches générale et différentielle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100055/document.
Full textThis research deals with the development of irony understanding (cognitive treatments, emotional treatments and emotional judgments) among children aged 8 to 11 years old. Four independent studies were led on the same population with the same material of data collection. In the first place, we created and validated a scale of cognitive understanding made up of three levels of gradually acquired skills. This tool enable us to show, on one hand, that the cognitive understanding of the ironic compliment develops between 8 and 11 years, while that of the ironic criticism begins before the age of 8. On the other hand, there is an asymmetry of cognitive understanding according to the nature of the irony (compliment or criticism). Secondly, we studied the interpretations of the functions (funniness, meanness, niceness) of irony made by the children who understand it. For that purpose, we took into account at the same time the emotional treatments (attribution of intention to the speaker) and emotional judgments (judgment of the speaker). Whatever the age and the nature of the irony, the aggressive interpretations of the irony are frequent. In situation of ironic compliment, the funny and kind interpretations are less and less frequent between 8 and 11 years. On the other hand, in situation of ironic criticism, no interpretation develops during this period. Thirdly, we highlighted three underlying factors of ironic treatments. The humoristic and cognitive factors develop differently according to the nature of the irony, contrary to the emotional factor. Fourthly, a differential perspective study reveals three profiles of irony observers which distinguish themselves on each of the treatments studied. The cognitive and conative factors explored do not explain the differences between the profiles. However, these profiles could be explained by social experiences, temperament or cognitive and emotional development
Godefroy, Valérie. "Modélisation tempéramentale des traits d’appétit de l’enfant : réactivité de l’appétit et autorégulation de la prise alimentaire en lien avec l’adiposité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100095/document.
Full textOur study focused on Rothbart’s temperament model in children: this model suggests that the balance between individual characteristics of reactivity and self-regulation underlies the child’s development. We noticed that empirical models of appetitive traits linked with adiposity development in children could potentially benefit from the theoretical structure of this model. We thus defined the following objectives: (a) validating a measurement model for children’s appetitive traits through temperamental components inspired by Rothbart’s model; (b) validating a structure of relationships between general self-regulation, appetitive traits and adiposity; (c) validating the theoretical structure of Rothbart’s model in the specific domain of food behaviour. We measured appetitive traits firstly through a questionnaire in 10 to 14 year-old children and secondly through behavioural tasks in 8 to 12 year-old children. Children’s height and weight were also measured. The questionnaire method allowed to validate a temperamental model of appetitive traits, measured through appetite reactivity and self-regulation in eating. We also showed with this method that the link between general self-regulation and adiposity in children could be explained through appetitive traits. Finally, both methods confirmed some of the predictions of Rothbart’s theoretical model: we observed a positive impact of one component of appetite reactivity over adiposity and a negative effect of self-regulation in eating on appetite reactivity. Thanks to an innovative eating temperament model linked with children’s adiposity, our study can impact overweight prevention and treatment
Canette, Laure-Hélène. "La musique pour stimuler le traitement de la syntaxe et de la sémantique chez l’enfant et l’adulte : étude de différents paramètres musicaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH043.
Full textNumerous research has provided evidence for beneficial effects of music on cognition and language processing, in both short-term and long-term paradigms. Short-term effects of music listening have been interpreted as non specific effects (general effects of modulation of mood and arousal), as well as specific effects, for example between rhythm and syntax. In this thesis, we aimed to show potential stimulation effects of a selection of musical parameters (rhythm, texture, and parameters related to evoke emotions) on linguistic syntax and semantic tasks. We measured performance of 6 to 8 year-old children and of adults in a set of behavioral tasks (grammaticality judgment, lexical evocation, congruency judgment, lexical decision) after listening to musical sequences of different types. Our research results revealed that rhythm, texture and emotions each have differential influences on syntax and semantic processing. Regular rhythmic sequences have a beneficial effect on grammatical judgment, while textural sequences promote lexical evocation. Moreover, emotions have a greater influence on semantic processing than syntax processing. Music listening may trigger particular cognitive processes or information processing styles depending on the musical parameters, and these cognitive processes may influence syntax processing and/or semantic processing. These findings suggest the potential of music to boost cognition and language processing by taking in consideration the effect of different musical parameters. They open perspectives for the training and rehabilitation of syntax and semantics in the case of developmental language disorders
Zebdi, Rafika. "Contribution de la SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), de la CBCL (Child Behavior CheckList) et de la Kiddie-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children) à l'évaluation des troubles anxieux chez l’enfant d’âge scolaire." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100093.
Full textThe aims of this study were : 1) to examine if the self-report and other-report forms of the questionnaire Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), the Youth Self-Report (YSR), and the Child Behavior ChekList (CBCL) are good predictors of the different anxiety disorders diagnosed using the semi-structured interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children-Present version (Kiddie-SADS-P) on a French sample of referred children, 2) to check the ability of the SCARED to discriminate referred and non-referred children, 3) to study the influence of gender on the anxiety level, and 4) to evaluate the level of parent/child agreement in the assessment of these disorders. Method: 69 children aged 6 to 12 years, referred to a "RASED" (a psychological/educational support facility located in the French schools) were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS semi-structured interview, and the SCARED, CBCL and YSR questionnaires. The SCARED questionnaires (self-report and parent-report) were compared with a control group scores of 48 parent/child dyads selected from the same schools. Results: The self-reported SCARED anxiety scores are good predictors of anxiety disorders criteria, assessed using the Kiddie-SADS interview. Contrary to international studies, no difference between girls and boys appears in our sample. Because of the low levels of agreement between parent/child about levels of anxiety disorders the two assessments appear necessary to obtain a proper diagnosis
Bazile, Christophe. "Identification des couplages information-mouvement impliqués dans la régulation de la tâche de de frappe cyclique de balle et leur développement chez l’enfant âgé de 5 à 12 ans." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113009.
Full textThis thesis aims to both identify the information-movement couplings involved in the regulation of rhythmical hand-eye coordination (ball-bouncing task) and their development in children aged from 5 to 12 years old. Study 1 showed that racket period (Tr) is coupled to the duration of the ascending phase of the ball trajectory (tup) while the variation of racket velocity at impact (Δvr) is coupled to bounce error (ε). Studies 2 and 3 showed both poorcycle-to-cycle regulation ability and stereotyped behavior (characterized by a high racket frequency) in children aged from 5 to 7. From 7 to 12, results showed the emergence of the first information-movement coupling between Tr and the ball peak height while Δvr still remains not regulated. Since the age of 11-12, the first shifts from space- (hp) to time-relatedinformation (tup) in the control of Tr are observed. Developmental dynamics related to thenature of informaiton-movement couplings and the source of information involved is in accordance with the Freezing-Freeing-Exploiting developmental sequence proposed by (Savelsbergh & Van der Kamp ; 2000, 2003). Finally, study 4 showed that both children from9 to 12 and adults fixated their gaze at a location closed the target height while performing the task
Habib, Marianne. "Influence des émotions sur la prise de décision chez l’enfant, l’adolescent et l’adulte : Comment le contexte socio-émotionnel et le développement des émotions contrefactuelles influencent-ils nos choix ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H111/document.
Full textThe general goal of this thesis was to study (i) the influence of different socio-emotional contexts on decision-making under risk, in children, adolescents and adults and (ii) the developmental dynamics of the Types 1 (heuristic) and 2 (analytic) of reasoning within the framework of the Dual Process theories, and their articulation with the Prospect Theory. According to us, a better articulation between these two theories could account more efficiently of the influence of emotions on reward and punishment sensitivity in decision-making. Therefore, we first examined the influence of an incidental emotional context on the framing effect - a classical bias in decision-making - on adult participants. We started by studying the influence of the valence of the emotions (positive or negative) and then the influence of different specific emotions (anger and fear) on this bias. Our results revealed that the participants were no longer affected by the framing effect following an exposure to a positive emotional context, due to a decrease of risk aversion in the loss frame. The two negative emotions we considered had opposite effects on risk taking: fear tended to increase risk taking, whereas anger tended to decrease it. In a follow-up study, we investigated the influence of incidental positive emotions on the framing effect during adolescence, a critical period for risk taking. In adolescents, the framing effect was modulated by the amount of the outcome at stake, and the emotional context had different impact on this bias depending of the amount of the outcome considered. Then, we examined the development of two integral (and counterfactual) emotions, regret and relief, and how these emotions affect our willingness to reconsider a choice. We elaborated a new gambling task and we manipulated the outcome obtained by the participants to induce regret or relief. This study provided evidence that the ability to experience regret and relief and the ability to take them into consideration continue to develop during late childhood and adolescence. We finally studied the development of social regret and relief from late childhood to adulthood, using a situation of social competition (playing against a playmate). This socio-emotional context seems to bias the rational evaluation of regret and relief in adolescence, as some situations are evaluated as more desirable, as compared to the same situations in a context of individual game. These results are discussed in light of the Prospect theory, as reward and punishment sensitivity seems to be differently modulated by socio-emotional context, at each developmental stage
Halasa, Katarzyna. "Expérience de l’enfant en situation de sans logement : perception de la situation, facteurs de stress et stratégies de coping des enfants hébergés avec leurs familles à l’hôtel." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100173.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to describe the homeless experience of school-aged children. The theoretical framework for the study was Lazarus’ and Folkman’s (1984) stress and coping processes. In this study the focus was on a child perception of the situation, the stressors they identify and the coping strategies they use. The data was collected from 30 school-aged children living with their families at hotel, through comprehensive interviews and KidCope checklist. This study also brings knowledge about homeless families’ profile through the data collected from parents.Half of the children live in single parent families and two third have siblings. More than two third of children are born abroad, one third live as undocumented migrants and the most of families have no resources. The average family’s length of stay in France is 5,54 years and the average length of being sheltered is 3,24 years. The discourse of children is characterized by negative emotions, sometimes confusion, in face of lack of predictability in their life. The central place is accorded to school and family. School is often the unique place which provide a sense of stability and belonging, as well as social support. Family, through a support of loved ones, help child to cope with difficulties. For many of children, homelessness appears closely connected with migratory experience. Homeless experience is stressful for them: all children who participated in this research perceived at least one thing as stressful in their life. Beyond the stressors specific to school-aged children, the factors identified by the children involved in our research can be classified into one of three groups: stressors related to homelessness, stressors related to poverty and / or stressors related to migratory experience. Children use many different ways to cope with stressors. In general, they used more often approach coping and they rate it as more efficacious than avoidance coping
Lecocq, Katia. "Acquisition d'une seconde langue en milieu scolaire: évaluation longitudinale réalisée auprès d'enfants francophones immergés en néérlandais." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210570.
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Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Savard, Nathalie. "Le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant d'âge pré-scolaire exposé à la violence conjugale : une approche eco-systémique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20006.
Full textThe objective of this research is to study, in an ecosystemic manner inspired by the Bronfenbrenner model (1986), the specific and combined influence of the context of marital violence and maternal stress on the socio-emotional development of the young child from 5 to 6 years of age. Thus, our study aims to answer the following questions: What about socio-emotional pre-school child development when the child grows up in a context of marital violence? Which environmental factors will affect the mother-child relationship? More precisely, will the fact of a mother having been a victim of marital violence generate more stress for her? Will mother-child attachment and perceived social support constitute resources which will reduce maternal stress and consequently contribute to the positive development of the child? Are there any differences when the mother and child have left their home compared to those who are still living home? Finally, what is the role of the culture in this different system? The sample is composed of 38 children, 10 boys and 28 girls, aged from 5 to 6 years and their mother, all originating from an African country. Among these mother-child dyads, 19 were exposed to marital violence and were living in CHRS, 19 remained in a situation of violence. The mothers filled out a series of questionnaires in order to evaluate their attachment, maternal stress, violence suffered and their perceived social support. Concerning the socio-emotional development of the young child, three indicators were considered: two emanating from the child’s point of view; attachment representation, by means of the protocol of “Stories to be supplemented” (Bretherton & Al, 1990), the perception of parental feelings and behaviors by means of tracking parental violence (Palacio-Quintin, 1999), and socio-emotional adaptation, studied via “Socio-Emotional Profile” (Dumas & Al, 1998) supplemented by an activity leader. Principal results indicate that only 36.8% of children of the sample present a manifestation of secure attachment. The manifestions of attachment of children still living in a situation of violence appear more insecure than those of the children who were removed from violence. Our results show that the context of marital violence also affects the socio-emotional adaptation of the child. In addition, 73.3% of mothers in our sample manifest attachment avoidance. We have raised the issue, elsewhere, that expressions of social support and support relating to children as perceived by mothers, whatever their situation are relatively low. Lastly, mothers remaining in a situation of marital violence are less stressed than mothers who have left home
Imbeault, Arianne. "Associations entre les habitudes de vie et les problèmes intériorisés à l’enfance : une analyse de profils latents." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24382.
Full textContext. According to the 24-Hour Movement guidelines adopted by the government of Canada, a balanced lifestyle regarding physical activity, screen time, and sleep is essential for a better physical and psychological health. Many children do not follow these guidelines. The adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood is prospectively linked, among other things, to internalizing problems such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Conversely, internalizing problems are also prospectively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood. Very few studies have examined the specific effects of physical activity, screen time, and sleep when modelled jointly. In addition, very few longitudinal studies have examined the links between internalizing problems and lifestyle in childhood. Objectives. (1) To identify lifestyle profiles at 10 years old using indicators of physical activity, screen time, and sleep. (2) To examine the association between internalizing problems (depressive symptoms and anxiety) at 8 years old and lifestyle profiles membership at 10 years old. (3) To compare children according to profile membership in order to examine the differences in terms of internalizing problems at 12 years old. Method. Data are from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. The sample used to derive lifestyle profiles at age 10 included 1334 children. Physical activity, screen time and sleep were reported by mothers. Internalizing problems at age 8 were reported by mothers and teachers, then by children at age 12. All data were collected by questionnaires. The profiles have been derived empirically by a latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regressions and covariance analysis were conducted to test the associations between internalizing problems and profiles. Results. Four lifestyle profiles at age 10 were found among our sample: (1) Balanced lifestyle (43 %), (2) Average lifestyle (38 %), Inactive lifestyle (15 %), and Very inactive lifestyle (4 %). Internalizing problems at age 8 did not predict profile membership, whereas, children in the Very inactive lifestyle profile had significantly more depressive symptoms at age 12 compared to children in the Balanced lifestyle. Implications. In line with our hypothesis, children with an inactive lifestyle in childhood are at risk of elevated depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Therefore, governmental programs such as the 24-Hour Movement which aim to increase the levels of physical activity and decrease screen time in youth are beneficial for their psychological well-being. Furthermore, a physical activity component should be added to programs that aim to reduce depressive symptoms in youth.
Chouinard, Rachel. "Maltraitance durant l’enfance et régulation de la tristesse et de la peur à l’âge adulte : une analyse qualitative." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21156.
Full textLévesque-Seck, François. "Associations prospectives entre l’exposition à la fumée secondaire résidentielle à l’enfance et les difficultés psychosociales à la préadolescence." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13781.
Full textIntroduction. Secondhand smoke is considered a developmental neurotoxicant. Up to this day, research on secondhand smoke and later antisocial behavior has remained cross-sectional or in the developmental period of childhood. Objective. We sough to extend previous research by extending to age 12 our prospective associational model. Also, we use self-reported data for validity reasons and to cross-match previous research using parent and teacher-rated data at age 10. Method. Parents reported the amount of household smoke exposure (between ages 1.5 and 7) for 1035 children from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Main outcome measures include self-reported conduct problems, proactive aggression, reactive aggression, dropout risk, and school indiscipline at age 12. Results. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that secondhand smoke is prospectively associated to conduct problems, proactive and reactive aggression, school indiscipline, and dropout risk. Discussion. Children exposed to household smoke reported increased risks of reporting antisocial behavior at age 12. Our findings corroborate the recommendation of the American Surgeon’s General that no smoke exposure can be considered safe.
Robitaille, Marie-Pier. "Développement des comportements antisociaux de l’enfance au début de l’âge adulte : différences sexuelles et théories du contrôle." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19285.
Full textContext. The fact that girls manifest less antisocial behavior than boys is well known, although the etiology of the sex differences in antisocial behavior is still relatively misunderstood. Objective. The aim is to improve the understanding of the etiology of sex differences in antisocial behavior from childhood to early adulthood. Theoretical Framework. A theoretical framework was built based on control theories in criminology, addressing their weaknesses with developmental studies strengths. Associations between three control-related constructs (i.e., self-control, parental control, and familial patriarchy) and boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior is assessed across developmental periods, in addition to their interplay. Method. Data are from 3007 participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children prospectively followed from kindergarten to early-adulthood. Antisocial behavior was assessed during childhood (ages 6 to 12), adolescence (ages 13 to 17) and early adulthood (ages 18 to 26) using questionnaires, clinical interviews, and juvenile and adult official records. Multilevel analyses and non-parametric complex models (e.g., Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions, Cross-Lagged Path Modeling) were used to test the hypotheses regarding sex differences in antisocial behavior proposed by self-control theory, social control theory and power-control theory. Main Results. Results showed that self-control and parental control are risk factors of antisocial behavior for boys and girls. Girls generally had a better self-control and were more controlled by their parents than boys, which partially explained that they manifested less antisocial behavior. Neither self-control nor parental control explained the entirety of the noted sex differences in antisocial behavior. In addition, there were reciprocal influences between self-control, parental control, and antisocial behavior from childhood to adolescence, suggesting a transactional process of the child and its environment in the emergence and persistence of antisocial behavior. Familial patriarchy was overall not associated with boys’ or girls’ manifestation of antisocial behavior. Results, however, indicated that self-control and familial patriarchy could have a stronger influence in regards of the frequency and/or diversity officially recorded antisocial behavior. Conclusions. This thesis supports the relevance of considering all variations in sex differences in antisocial behavior, namely variations across developmental periods, types of behavior and measures. Results suggest that the same control risk factors are associated with boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior and that those risk factors have a similar effect for them. Sex differences in exposition to those risk factors would generally better explain sex differences in antisocial behavior. An alternative developmental model of control is proposed to account for all sex differences.