Academic literature on the topic 'Psychologie positive'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Palazzolo, J. "Psychologie positive." EMC - Psychiatrie 40, no. 3 (July 2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0246-1072(24)48286-2.
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Boniwell, Iliona, Carol Kauffman, and Léandre Bouffard. "LE COACHING EN PSYCHOLOGIE POSITIVE : CULTIVER LE BIEN-ÊTRE, LES ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES ET LES FORCES PERSONNELLES." Revue québécoise de psychologie 38, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040076ar.
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Le présent article offre une vue d’ensemble des applications concrètes du coaching en psychologie positive. À cette fin, on présente les processus et les outils de la psychologie positive de même que la manière dont les théories de la psychologie positive peuvent influencer l’approche adoptée à l’endroit du client et la coconstruction de la relation. On discute d’interventions spécifiques en fonction du type de buts que poursuit le client au cours des sessions. Ainsi, on explore comment la psychologie positive influence le processus et le contenu du coaching.
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Walter, H. "Psychologie des Positiven." Nervenheilkunde 33, no. 04 (2014): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633393.
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ZusammenfassungDie vernachlässigte Psychologie des Positiven mit den Mitteln der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie zu erforschen und dabei Interventionen zu entwickeln um Glück und Wohlbefinden zu steigern, ist die Aufgabe, der sich seit ca. 15 Jahren die “Positive Psychologie” widmet. In diesem Artikel werden Konzept, Geschichte, Ergebnisse, neurobiologische Grundlagen und die Kritik an der Positiven Psychologie dargestellt und erläutert. Obwohl ursprünglich entwickelt, um das Positive bei psychisch gesunden Menschen zu stärken, werden positive Interventionen inzwischen auch im Bereich der Behandlung leichter und mittelschwerer Depressionen erfolgreich eingesetzt, wie Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse zeigen. Die Erforschung einer Neuropsychobiologie des Positiven stellt eine reichhaltige Ressource für alle psychotherapeutischen Schulen dar, die stärkere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.
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Regourd Laizeau, Martine. "La psychologie positive : changement de paradigme ou nouvelle psychologie ?" Le Journal des psychologues 346, no. 4 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdp.346.0022.
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Martin-Krumm, Charles. "Psychologie positive, quelle part d’innovation ?" Le Journal des psychologues 346, no. 4 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdp.346.0014.
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Martin-Krumm, Charles, and Jacques Lecomte. "Psychologie positive. Objectif bien être." Les Grands Dossiers des Sciences Humaines N° 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gdsh.059.0011.
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Schütz, Kathrin. "Positive Psychologie in pferdegestützten Coachings." mensch & pferd international 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2378/mup2020.art02d.
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Šimek, Libor. "Is positive thinking among anthropological constants?" Anthropologia integra 7, no. 2 (October 13, 2016): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/ai2016-2-83.
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Pozitivní psychologie je dnes nejpopulárnějším psychologickým oborem. Ačkoliv se zdá, že výsledky vědeckého výzkumu jasně prokázaly užitečnost pozitivního přístupu, ne všechny studie jsou tak jednoznačné. V některých studiích se prokázala marnost všeobjímajícího pozitivního přístupu a dokonce značný benefit vyplývající z pesimismu. Poznatky týkající se našeho evolučního nastavení spíše naznačují, že jedinci s přecitlivělostí k nebezpečí ergo k negativním aspektům svého okolí jsou lépe vybaveni pro přežití. Účelem tohoto článku je porovnat výsledky současného výzkumu spolu s nejnovějšími poznatky z evoluční psychologie, a tak přispět k vyrovnanějšímu náhledu na tvrzení pozitivní psychologie.
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Boniwell, Ilona, and Justine Chabanne. "La psychologie positive appliquée au travail." Le Journal des psychologues 346, no. 4 (2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdp.346.0033.
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Mandeville, Lucie. "Review of Psychologie positive et personnalité." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 51, no. 4 (2010): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021515.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Laizeau, Martine. "Psychologie positive et EMDR : questions et perspectives." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0340/document.
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L’EMDR est une thérapie intégrative créée en 1987 par Shapiro évaluée comme efficace et rapide sur les états de stress post traumatiques. En 1995, elle améliore pour arriver à ce qu’elle appelle le Traitement Adaptatif de l’Information – TAI - (« Adaptative Informational Process : AIP »), révisé en 2001 et 2006. Cette théorie postule qu’il existe au plan cérébral un système de traitement des informations capable d’intégrer les nouvelles expériences à des réseaux de mémoire existants. Depuis d’autres pathologies ont été traitées avec l’EMDR. D’autre part, en 1998, Seligman donne naissance à la psychologie positive. Au lieu de considérer la «santé mentale » comme la « réduction des troubles neuropsychiatriques », il propose non plus d’aider les gens à passer de - 5 à 0 sur l’échelle de bonheur, mais de permettre à chacun de passer de 0 à + 5 sur un continuum de bonheur. Allier ces deux perspectives pose un certain nombre d’interrogations mais ouvre également des perspectives enthousiasmantes. Trois études ont porté sur les forces de caractères avec un échantillon de 60 sujets, pour la première, 100 sujets pour la seconde et une étude de cas avec pour objectif d’évaluer l’optimisation de l’intégration des forces avec des éléments provenant de l’EMDR. Les deux études suivantes ont porté sur la création d’un protocole EMDR d’optimisme et l’étude de ses possibilités. Nos conclusions sont que, plus que jamais, une théorisation rigoureuse est nécessaire (et elle est déjà à l’œuvre dans le cadre de la psychologie positive) et la validation scientifique des assertions est déterminante pour l’efficacité des interventions alliant psychologie positive et EMDEMDR is an integrative therapy founded in 1987 by Shapiro evaluated as efficient and fast on post traumatic stress. In 1995, she improved the therapy to achieve what she calls the Adaptive Information Processing, or AIP, later revised in 2001 and 2006. This theory posits that there is a map in the brain information processing system able to integrate new experiences to existing networks of memory. Since its inception, other diseases were treated with EMDR. Meanwhile, in 1998, Seligman gave birth to Positive Psychology. Instead of considering mental health as the reduction of neuropsychiatric disorders and help people move from - 5 to 0 on the scale of happiness, he proposed we help everyone go from 0 to +5 on a continuum of happiness. Combining these two perspectives raises a number of questions but also opens up exciting prospects. Three studies have focused on strengths of characters with a sample size of 60 subjects in the first case, 100 subjects in the second, and a case study with the objective of evaluating the value of integrating strengths with elements from EMDR in the third case. The following two studies have focused on the creation of a protocol for an optimism-based EMDR and study its potential. Our conclusions are that, more than ever, a rigorous theory is required (and is already at work in the context of positive psychology) and the scientific validation of assertions is crucial for the effectiveness of interventions combining positive psychology and EMDR
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Houle, Marilyn. "Un modèle d'évaluation globale inspiré de la psychologie positive." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2826.
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Le modèle pathologique, inspiré du domaine médical, est actuellement dominant en psychologie. Ce modèle, en laissant peu de place aux aspects positifs de la personne, entraîne des biais importants dans la pratique psychothérapeutique et ceux-ci se manifestent dès le premier acte du psychologue, lors de l'évaluation psychologique. Par ailleurs, les recherches actuelles démontrent que l'évaluation des aspects positifs aurait des impacts bénéfiques tant sur le client que sur le processus thérapeutique. Certaines innovations ont récemment été proposées par l'approche positive afin d'inclure les aspects positifs de l'individu dans l'évaluation psychologique.Le présent projet vise trois principaux objectifs : l'élaboration d'un modèle d'évaluation globale inspiré de la psychologie positive, l'exploration des impacts de ce modèle sur la compréhension clinique, ainsi qu'une observation de ses impacts sur les stratégies thérapeutiques utilisées. Il s'inscrit dans le paradigme qualitatif et est de nature exploratoire. Il consiste en une recherche-action basée sur une méthodologie praxéologique qui vise à contribuer au développement des connaissances sur l'évaluation globale en psychothérapie et au développement d'un savoir professionnel en cours d'action. Au terme de cette recherche, sont ressortis un outil d'évaluation globale et un modèle de compréhension clinique, tous deux inspirés de la psychologie positive.
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Gomes, Carla Alexandra Pereira Ferreira. "Esperança e a adesão terapêutica em adultos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados: estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1437.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde.A Esperança e a Adesão terapêutica são variáveis que reflectem, por um lado, uma natureza disposicional e uma natureza situacional. A esperança tem adquirido uma atenção especial quanto ao papel que desempenha na construção de um desenvolvimento humano positivo e a adesão tem vindo cada vez mais a ser foco de interesse, profissional, económico, social e político. Tendo como base as especificidades e potencialidades destas variáveis, consideramos avaliar a relação entre as duas. O objectivo deste estudo exploratório é avaliar a esperança e a adesão aos tratamentos em população hospitalizada e não hospitalizada. Participaram 100 indivíduos que constituíram uma amostra de conveniência, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e os 88 anos de idade (M= 51,92 anos; DP= 14,57); 59% (n= 100) dos quais do sexo feminino. Considerando a situação hospitalar, 34% (n=100) dos participantes estavam hospitalizados e os restantes 66% (n= 100) não hospitalizados (consulta externa) no Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave E.P.E.. Os participantes responderam à “Escala sobre a Esperança” e à “Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos” (MAT). Os resultados mostram que não se verificam diferenças entre homens e mulheres quanto aos níveis de esperança (t (98) = 1,09; p > 0,278) e de adesão (t (98) = -0,55; p >0,578); verificam-se diferenças significativas entre indivíduos com/sem doença crónica quanto à esperança (t (96) = -2,59; p <0,011) e à adesão (t (96) = 3,17; p <0,002); há uma correlação significativa, negativa e baixa, entre as variáveis idade e esperança (r.=0,37; p <0,0001) e correlação positiva e baixa, entre a idade e a adesão (r = 0,25; p <0,012). Não se verifica uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de esperança e os níveis de adesão. Uma vez que indivíduos, não hospitalizados e sem doença crónica apresentam maiores níveis de esperança e adesão, poderá ser indicador que a população com doença crónica e hospitalizada necessite de intervenção, por parte dos diversos técnicos, de forma a promover a esperança e a aumentar os níveis de adesão. Hope and adherence are variables that reflect the one hand, a dispositional nature and a situational nature. Hope has gained special attention as its role in building a positive human development and adhesion has been increasingly be the focus of interest, professional, economic, social and political. Based on the characteristics and capabilities of these variables, consider evaluating the relationship between the two. The aim of this study is to examine hope and adherence to treatments in hospitalized and not hospitalized people. Participants were 100 individuals who comprised a convenience sample, aged between 18 and 88 years of age (M = 51,92 years, SD = 14,57); 59% (n = 100) were female. Concerning the hospitalar condition, 34% (n = 100) of participants were hospitalized and the remaining 66% (n = 100) outpatients at the Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, E.P.E.. Participants answered to “Escala sobre a Esperança” and “Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos” (MAT). The results show that there is no differences between men and women, the levels of hope (t (98) = 1,09; p> 0,278) and adhesion (t (98) = -0,55; p> 0,578); there are significant differences between individuals with / without chronic illness and hope (t.(96) = -2,59; p< 0,011) and among individuals with / without chronic illness and adherence (t (96) = 3,17; p<0,002); exists a negative and low correlation between the variables age and hope (r = 0,37, p< 0,0001) and, a positive and low correlation between age and adherence (r = 0,25, p < 0,012 ). There is no statistically significant correlation between levels of hope and levels of adhesion. To individuals, who are outpatients and without chronic disease had higher levels of hope and adherence, may this will be an indicator that people with chronic illness and were hospitalized, require intervention to promote hope and increase levels of adhesion. L'espoir et l'adhésion, sont des variables qui reflètent dune part, une nature dispositionnelle et nature de la situation. Espoir a acquis une attention particulière, de son rôle dans la construction un développement humain positif et l’adhésion a été de plus en plus le centre de intérêt, professionnel, économique, social et politique. Basée sur les caractéristiques et les capacités de ces variables, envisager évaluer la relation entre les deux. Le objectif de cette étude est examiner l'espoir et l’adhesion en population hospitalisé et non hospitalisés. Participé 100 personnes qui constituaient un échantillon de commodité, avec 18 et 88 ans (M = 51,92; ÉT = 14,57); 59% (n = 100) femmes. Consideránt que, 34% (n = 100) des participants ont été hospitalisés et les 66% restants (n = 100) patients ambulatoires, du Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, E.P.E.. Les matériaux utilisés étaient "Escala sobre a esprança" et "Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos" (MAT). Les résultats montrent que il n’y a pas de différence entre les hommes et les femmes, les niveaux de l’espoir (t (98) = 1,09; p> 0,278) et de l’adhérence (t (98) = -0,55; p> 0,578), il existe des différences significatives entre les sujets avec ou sans maladie chronique et de l’espoir (t (96) = -2,59; p<0,011) et chez les individus avec ou sans maladie chronique et l’adhésion (t (96) = 3,17; p <0,002). Il y a corrélation, négative et bas entre les variables âge et espoir (r = 0,37; p <0,0001) et une corrélation bas et positive entre âge et adhésion (r = 0,25; p <0,012). N’exist pas une corrélation statistiquement significative entre les niveaux d'espoir et de niveaux adhésion. Alors que les individus, patients ambulatoires et sans maladie chronique avaient des niveaux plus élevés de l'espoir et l’adhésion mai être un indicateur que, les patients hospitalisés et atteintes de maladie chronique, mai besoin dune intervention, pour promouvoir l’espérance et augmenter les niveaux d’adhésion.
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Puechbroussou, Benjamin. "Psychologie positive et processus cognitifs dans le traitement de la dépression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH065.
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Ce travail de thèse explore les processus cognitifs qui sous-tendent l'efficacité des interventions de psychologie positive dans le traitement du trouble dépressif majeur. Pour cela, quatre études ont été menées pour identifier ces processus et comprendre comment ils contribuent à la réduction de la symptomatologie dépressive. La première étude a comparé l'efficacité de deux entraînements d'une semaine basés sur l'activation comportementale et la psychologie positive. Les participants ont été divisés en deux groupes : l'un a reçu un entraînement à l'activation comportementale basé sur la psychologie positive, tandis que l'autre a reçu un entraînement à l'activation comportementale basé sur la pratique d'une activité physique. Les résultats ont montré une diminution significative de la symptomatologie dépressive dans les deux groupes, mais sans différence entre les deux groupes. Cela suggère que l'efficacité de l'entraînement dépend peut-être de facteurs autres que la théorie sous-jacente. La deuxième étude a testé l'effet d'un protocole ciblant les réseaux de la mémoire associative et l'accessibilité des souvenirs en mémoire autobiographique. Les participants ont été divisés en deux groupes : l'un a reçu un entraînement à la remémoration de souvenirs positifs, tandis que l'autre a reçu un entraînement de contrôle. Les résultats ont montré une diminution significative de la symptomatologie dépressive et une augmentation de l'accessibilité des souvenirs dans le groupe expérimental. Cela suggère que la remémoration de souvenirs positifs peut être un moyen efficace de réduire la symptomatologie dépressive. La troisième étude a évalué l'effet d'un protocole de remémoration de souvenirs positifs basé sur des exercices de visualisation inspirés de l'hypnose Ericksonienne. Les participants ont été divisés en deux groupes : l'un a reçu un entraînement quotidien d'une semaine à la remémoration de souvenirs positifs, tandis que l'autre a reçu un entraînement de relaxation. Les résultats ont montré une diminution significative de la symptomatologie dépressive et une augmentation de l'accessibilité des souvenirs dans le groupe expérimental. Cela suggère que la remémoration de souvenirs positifs peut être un moyen efficace de réduire la symptomatologie dépressive et d'améliorer la mémoire autobiographique. La quatrième étude a mesuré l'effet d'une réalisation quotidienne d'un carnet de gratitude. Les participants ont été divisés en deux groupes : l'un a reçu un carnet de gratitude, tandis que l'autre a reçu un carnet de contrôle. Les résultats ont montré une diminution significative de la symptomatologie dépressive et une augmentation de l'accessibilité des souvenirs dans le groupe expérimental. Cela suggère que la pratique de la gratitude peut être un moyen efficace de réduire la symptomatologie dépressive et d'améliorer la mémoire autobiographique. Dans la suite de notre thèse, nous comparons l'efficacité de ces différents protocoles en intergroupe et en intragroupe. Nous discutons ensuite les perspectives expérimentales et cliniques que ces recherches permettent. Enfin nous proposons une illustration clinique des différents entrainements présentés dans ces études. Si nos travaux ont permis de commencer à enrichir la réflexion et la compréhension de certains mécanismes d'action des entrainements de psychologie positive, dont certains apparaissent à même d'expliquer une partie importante de leur efficacité, ils soulignent aussi la nécessité primordiale pour les chercheurs et les cliniciens de mener des recherches et réflexions approfondies sur les processus mis en œuvre dans les thérapeutiques qu'ils proposent à leurs patients. La recherche actuelle sur les processus sous-tendant les différences au sein de la psychologie est, en effet, d'une importance capitale car cette démarche scientifique concourt à une pratique éclairée de cette discipline, en tentant d'unir toujours davantage science et conscienceThis thesis explores the cognitive processes that underlie the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in the treatment of major depressive disorder. To achieve this, four studies were conducted to identify these processes and understand how they contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms. The first study compared the effectiveness of two one-week training programs based on behavioral activation and positive psychology. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a behavioral activation training program based on positive psychology, while the other received a behavioral activation training program based on physical activity. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms in both groups, but without a difference between the two groups. This suggests that the effectiveness of the training may depend on factors other than the underlying theory. The second study tested the effect of a protocol targeting associative memory networks and autobiographical memory accessibility. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a training program focused on recalling positive memories, while the other received a control training program. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that recalling positive memories may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms. The third study evaluated the effect of a protocol for recalling positive memories based on exercises inspired by Ericksonian hypnosis. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a daily one-week training program focused on recalling positive memories, while the other received a relaxation training program. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that recalling positive memories may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms and improve autobiographical memory. The fourth study measured the effect of a daily gratitude journaling program. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a gratitude journal, while the other received a control journal. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that practicing gratitude may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms and improve autobiographical memory. In the conclusion of our thesis, we compare the effectiveness of these different protocols in both between-group and within-group analyses. We then discuss the experimental and clinical implications of these findings. Finally, we propose a clinical illustration of the different training programs presented in these studies. If our work has allowed us to begin enriching the reflection and understanding of certain mechanisms of action of positive psychology training programs, which appear to explain a significant part of their effectiveness, it also highlights the primary need for researchers and clinicians to conduct in-depth research and reflection on the processes involved in the therapies they propose to their patients. The current research on the processes underlying differences within psychology is, indeed, of great importance, as this scientific approach contributes to a more enlightened practice of this discipline, by attempting to unite science and conscience even more closely
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Wolff, Monika. "Reizkompetition und positive Schizotypie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15057.
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Bei Untersuchungen zur klassischen Konditionierung mit mehreren prädiktiven Hinweisreizen konnte in den letzten Jahren gezeigt werden, daß Personen mit schizophrenen Spektrumsstörungen Besonderheiten beim Erlernen von Ereignisrelationen aufweisen. Bei den in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Experimenten wird assoziatives Lernen bei Gesunden und bei Personen mit schizophrenen Spektrumsstörungen einer elektrophysiologischen Betrachtung zugänglich gemacht. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein modifiziertes Reizinteraktionsparadigma verwendet, bei dem mit Hilfe zweier Hinweisreize ein Zielreiz vorhergesagt werden soll. Dabei wurde das prädiktive Potential eines Hinweisreizes konstant gehalten. Die Änderung der prädiktiven Validität des zweiten Hinweisreizes führte zu zwei Versuchsbedingungen: In einer war dieser Hinweisreiz ein guter Prädiktor für den Targetreiz, in der anderen ein schlechter Prädiktor. Die Kontingenzurteile der unselektierten und der niedrigschizotypischen Probanden sind durch eine kompetitive Beziehung der Hinweisreize charakterisiert. Die Kontingenzen eines Hinweisreizes werden unterschätzt, wenn ein zweiter besser zur Vorhersage des Targets geeignet ist. Die Kontingenzurteile der hochschizotypischen Probanden weisen dieses Muster nicht auf. Wird hier ein Hinweisreiz als ein valider Prädiktor für den Zielreiz erkannt, fällt auch die Beurteilung für die Kontingenzbeziehung zwischen dem zweiten Reiz und dem Zielreiz höher aus. Die elektrophysiologischen Daten unterstützen die Auffassung, daß nach jedem Lerndurchgang eine Fehlerkorrektur stattfindet. Normale und Schizotypiker unterscheiden sich diesbezüglich nicht. Gruppenunterschiede gibt es allerdings bei der durch die Hinweisreize ausgelösten N150, deren Amplitude bei den Schizotypikern an temporo-okzipitalen Ableitorten kleiner ist. Der Reizkompetitionseffekt konnte nur in der Versuchsbedingung induziert werden, die eine hohe Arbeitsgedächtnisauslastung erforderte. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse wird vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Forschungsstands diskutiert.Several studies of classical conditioning with more than one predictive stimulus report that persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have deviances in learning how related to each other. I used a modified cue interaction paradigm to make associative learning accessible to an electrophysiological investigation. Participants had to predict a target stimulus based on two preceding cues, keeping the predictive potential of one cue constant. The predicitve validity of the second cue changed, yielding two different validity conditions: in one condition the second cue was a very good predictor of the target cue, in the other validity condition this cue predicted the target at random level. Judgements of contigencies of unselected probands and psychometric selected low schizotypals between target and each cue can be described as "competitive": Contingencies between one cue and target were judged lower if a second cue was a better predictor for the target, whereas contigency judgements of psychometric selected schizotypals can be described as "cooperative": If one cue is judged as being a relative valid predictor, the contingency between the second cue and target were also judged higher. Electrophysiogical dates supports the view of correcting errors after each learning trial. There seems to be no difference between high and low schizotypes. Differences on group-level appeared on cue-evoked event-related potentials, especially on the occipito-temporal N150-amplitudes, which were smaller in schizotypes. Cue-Competition could only induced in the low working memory load version of the cue competition paradigm. The relevance of these results are discussed with reference to recent research on associative learning and schizophrenia.
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Fröber, Kerstin [Verfasser], and Gesine [Akademischer Betreuer] Dreisbach. "How positive affect modulates cognitive control: New insights into the specificity of positive affect effects / Kerstin Fröber. Betreuer: Gesine Dreisbach." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037021320/34.
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Boiroux, Florian. "Exploration du rôle de la positivité dans la santé mentale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. https://bdr-parisnanterre-fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100126/2019PA100126_Archv.pdf.
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La positivité, facteur commun et latent entre l'estime de soi, l'optimisme et la satisfaction de vie, est la “disposition de base” de l’affect positif. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer l’influence de la positivité sur la santé mentale. Elle se décompose en trois objectifs : - (1) définir la place de la positivité dans la subjectivité de la santé mentale en proposant : (a) de concevoir la structure de la dimension cognitive de manière multidimensionnelle, impliquant la présence des dimensions Cognition positive et Cognition négative, (b) d’adapter et de valider l’échelle de positivité de Caprara et collaborateurs (2012) en langue française, (c) un modèle de la subjectivité mentale composé de quatre dimensions : la Cognition positive, la Cognition négative, l’Affect positif et l’Affect négatif. - (2) déterminer le rôle de la positivité parmi les autres indicateurs de la santé mentale positive en explorant : (1) l’influence majeure de la positivité sur le fonctionnement psychologique positif, l’affect positif et l’affect négatif, (2) la fonction de la positivité dans l’influence de la régulation motivationnelle autonome des comportements sur le bonheur. - (3) identifier le rôle de la positivité dans l’effet de la régulation émotionnelle fonctionnelle sur la sphère affective de la santé mentale, que ce soit dans les situations positives ainsi que dans les situations négatives. Enfin, cette thèse présente un méta-modèle expliquant la place et l’influence prépondérante de la positivité sur la santé mentale. En s’appuyant sur la méta-théorie de l’autodétermination, il sera proposé une articulation théorique reflétant le développement de la positivité, de manière analogue à celui de l’être humainPositivity, a common and latent factor between self-esteem, optimism and life satisfaction, is the "basic disposition" of positive affect. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of positivity on mental health. It is made up upon three objectives : - (1) to define the place of positivity in the subjectivity of mental health by proposing : (a) to conceive the structure of the cognitive dimension in a multidimensional way, involving the presence of the dimensions of positive cognition and negative cognition, (b) adapt and validate the positivity scale of Caprara and collaborators (2012) in French, (c) a model of mental subjectivity composed of four dimensions : positive cognition, negative cognition, positive affect and negative affect. - (2) to determine the role of positivity among the other indicators of positive mental health by exploring : (1) the major influence of positivity on positive psychological functioning, positive affect and negative affect, (2) the function of positivity in the influence of autonomous motivational regulation of behaviors on happiness. - (3) to identify the role of positivity in the effect of functional emotional regulation on the affective sphere of mental health, both in positive and negative situations. Finally, this thesis presents a meta-model explaining the place and the preponderant influence of positivity on mental health. Based on the meta-theory of self-determination, a theoretical articulation will be put forward, reflecting the development of positivity in a similar way to that of the human being
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Castellnou, Ramírez Pol. "A Framework for the Application of Positive Psychology to the Strategy of Spanish Schools." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/07600794001/$FILE/07600794001.pdf.
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Sauberzweig, Thomas von. "Laufbahnberatung im Kontext der Positiven Psychologie : ein ressourcen- und gesundheitsorientiertes Beratungskonzept /." Zürich : Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, 2007. http://www.zhaw.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/psychologie/Downloads/Bibliothek/Arbeiten/D/d1961.pdf.
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Betschart, Karin. "Positive Leadership in der Spitalführung : eine qualitative Untersuchung am Inselspital Bern /." Zürich : Departement Angewandte Psychologie, 2008. http://www.zhaw.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/psychologie/Downloads/Bibliothek/Arbeiten/BA/ba0025.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Brohm, Michaela. Positive Psychologie in Bildungseinrichtungen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13049-7.
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Krafft, Andreas M., and Andreas M. Walker. Positive Psychologie der Hoffnung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56201-7.
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Tomoff, Michael. Positive Psychologie in Unternehmen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21619-1.
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Johann, Thomas, and Tobias Möller, eds. Positive Psychologie im Beruf. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00265-7.
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Mangelsdorf, Judith. Positive Psychologie im Coaching. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27632-4.
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Tomoff, Michael. Positive Psychologie in Unternehmen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08906-1.
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1955-, Lecomte Jacques, ed. Introduction à la psychologie positive. Paris: Dunod, 2009.
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1955-, Lecomte Jacques, ed. Introduction à la psychologie positive. Paris: Dunod, 2009.
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Tomoff, Michael. Positive Psychologie in der Erziehung. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15914-6.
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Tomoff, Michael. Positive Psychologie - Erfolgsgarant oder Schönmalerei? Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50387-4.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Tomoff, Michael. "Positive Psychologie." In essentials, 3–12. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21619-1_2.
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Tomoff, Michael. "Positive Psychologie." In Positive Psychologie in Unternehmen, 3–12. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08906-1_2.
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Thillmann, Tanja, and Lars J. Jansen. "Positive Psychologie." In Weiterbildung und Forschung der SRH Fernhochschule – The Mobile University, 171–86. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30006-7_11.
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Furnham, Adrian. "Positive Psychologie." In 50 Schlüsselideen Psychologie, 52–55. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2379-5_14.
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Becker, Florian. "Positive Psychologie." In Positive Psychologie - Wege zu Erfolg, Resilienz und Glück, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67620-2_1.
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Schumacher, Bettina, Carolin Rupp, Jessica Lang, and Angeliki Tsiouris. "Positive Psychologie." In Psychologie der Lebenskunst, 91–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55251-3_5.
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Tomoff, Michael. "Positive Psychologie: Grundlagen." In Positive Psychologie - Erfolgsgarant oder Schönmalerei?, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68397-2_1.
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Krafft, Andreas M. "Die Positive Psychologie." In Positive Psychologie der Hoffnung, 9–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56201-7_2.
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Sachse, Rainer. "Positive Selbsttäuschungen." In Psychologie der Selbsttäuschung, 55–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61268-2_8.
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Schielein, Eva. "Positive Psychologie im Kontext von Organisationen." In Positive Organizing, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68621-8_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Cao, Dan. "Positive Psychology in Tourism." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Education, Management, Arts, Economics and Social Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemaess-15.2016.194.
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Lima Heller, Heloisa, Aline Rizzo Borges, Luís Otávio Amarante Franco, Rebeca Naoum Lorga, João Pedro de Oliveira Aucelio, Marcos Igor Albanaz Vargas, Beatriz Carneiro Passos, et al. "Positive psychology and fibromyalgia." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.17025.
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Lackova, Lucia. "THE POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OF AGEING." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/32/s11.049.
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Sun, Emily, Brooke Jones, Stefano Traca, and Maarten W. Bos. "Leaderboard Position Psychology." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732732.
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Hase, Stewart, and Simon John Phin. "Positive Psychology and The Company Man." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157269-ms.
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USHKOVA, Maria. "NEW RECIPES OF MODERN POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2020.71.
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PUKHTA, Iryna. "HAPPINESS: NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2020.54.
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Li, Chunlin, and Weixi Zeng. "The Social Psychology of Education in the Perspective of Positive Psychology." In 4th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-18.2018.40.
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Rhim, Jimin, Anthony Cheung, David Pham, Subin Bae, Zhitian Zhang, Trista Townsend, and Angelica Lim. "Investigating Positive Psychology Principles in Affective Robotics." In 2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acii.2019.8925475.
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Garcês, Soraia, Margarida Pocinho, and Anita Figueira. "Positive Psychology in Education:A Systematic Literature Review." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education. GLOBALKS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.2nd.icate.2019.12.839.
Full textReports on the topic "Psychologie positive"
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Ogle, Jennifer Paff, Juyeon Park, and Nichole Monhait. Building Positive Body Image through an Interactive Body Positivity Program: A Positive Psychology Perspective. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8271.
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Gillison, Fiona, Bas Verplanken, Julie Barnett, Tania Griffin, and Liam Beasley. A rapid evidence review of the Psychology of Food Choice. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.blc589.
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This literature review aimed to provide insight into the situational, social, emotional and psychological roles of food and how variation among them influence buying and eating decisions. The report aims to respond to the following questions: What are the key psychological processes that we should consider when thinking about our food choices? What characteristics of a person, place or product can influence these processes? What approaches to influence food choice have been tried and found effective – and what is the psychology behind them? Which approaches to promoting positive food choices show the greatest promise? ‘Positive choices’ in this case infer those leading to better health or sustainability. How have inequalities been incorporated into research, and where is greater consideration needed? A scoping review of systematic reviews between 2016 and 2021 was conducted, with 39 reviews retrieved and used as primary evidence on which this report is based.
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Ising, Anja, Zsófia Kerényi, Mariana Becker, Jelena Tomićević-Dubljević, Lena Lidfors, and Anna María Pálsdóttir. The Healing Power of the Ocean : the Positive Effects of Ocean Environments on Health and Wellbeing. Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4u2q3vfaak.
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The international master’s program, Outdoor Environments for Health and Well-Being, leads to a Master of Science degree specializing in environmental psychology. The program covers health-promoting outdoor environments throughout the lifespan, evidence-based health design, occupational aspects, and the One Health concept. One of the courses offered is Nature and Animal-Assisted Interventions (MP0009), which focuses on occupations, occupational performance, and values performed with natural elements and/or animals in indoor or outdoor settings, i.e., a place independent occupational performances for health promotion. This fact sheet is a final assignment of the student´s work, presented at the NAAI course conference in 2024.
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Alzeer, Jawad, and Hamid Benmerabet. Exploring the Intersection of Quantum Mechanics and Human Psychology. Science Repository, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2024.01.01.
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Understanding the complexities of human psychology and addressing mental health challenges require a multidimensional approach that transcends conventional boundaries. This manuscript explores the intersection between quantum mechanics and human science, proposing novel insights into the dynamics of human traits and behaviour. By examining the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly superposition, we hypothesize that human traits may exist in a state of potentiality, coexisting with their respective values. This perspective suggests that individuals possess a spectrum of traits, and deliberate effort plays a crucial role in determining their manifestation. Drawing inspiration from quantum mechanics, we advocate for a proactive approach to nurturing positive traits and addressing destructive tendencies. This involves recognizing the power of choice, fostering self-awareness, and actively engaging in personal growth initiatives. We discuss the implications of trait activation and highlight the importance of voluntary effort in shaping behaviour and character. Additionally, we explore practical strategies for navigating psychological challenges. This manuscript underscores the potential of interdisciplinary inquiry to inform innovative approaches to psychological intervention and therapy. Through further empirical research and theoretical exploration, we can unlock new perspectives and strategies for enhancing human flourishing and addressing the complexities of the human psyche.
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Kost’, Stepan. THE CONCEPT OF CREATIVITY IN JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11092.
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The article analyzes some theoretical and practical aspects of creativity. The author shares his opinion that the concept of creativity belongs to the fundamental concepts of philosophy, psychology, literature, art, pedagogy. Creativity is one of the important concepts of the theory of journalism. The author does not agree with the extended definition of creativity. He believes that journalistic activity becomes creativity when it is free and associated with the creation and establishment of new national and universal values, with the highest intensity of intellectual and moral strength of the journalist, when journalism is a manifestation of civic position, when this activity combines professional skills and perfect literary form.The author also believes that literary skill and the skill of a journalist are not identical concepts, because literary skill is a component of journalistic skill.
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Koomar, Saalim. What is 'Nudging' and How Does it Change Behaviour in Education? EdTech Hub, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.1011.
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This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at the behaviour change strategy of leveraging concise messages at strategic decision points (i.e., ‘nudging’) to influence the behaviour of a recipient towards a desired outcome. We focus on EdTech Hub’s work concerning nudge messaging. It builds on work from messaging interventions in Ghana and Kenya, linking these to the broader literature on the topic. It emphasises that although there is a strong and growing evidence base for nudge technologies, effective implementation remains dependent upon context-specific adaptation. It is not inevitable that nudge messaging interventions will lead to positive outcomes — indeed, outcomes are often mixed. It is therefore vital to understand the specific impacts of interventions on particular groups of recipients. We present findings and recommendations that should inform how nudging technologies in education are approached and what decision-makers need to consider in order to ensure uptake and minimise risks. Lastly, we explore areas that require further research, namely, the changing nature of nudging due to artificial intelligence, the safeguarding risks of nudging, persisting questions about cost-effectiveness, and how nudging can more specifically target learning. Keywords: Behavioural psychology; EdTech; education; messaging; nudging; participation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
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Yatsymirska, Mariya, and Bohdan Markevych. MEDIA TEXTS AND PERSUASION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12170.
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Abstract. The article clarifies specific concepts of persuasion in media texts; describes new techniques of media influence based on materials of online publications; shows the role of expressive means of language and emotions in visual communication. In social communication, persuasive logos refer to meaningful words and thoughts conveyed through mass media and logically perceived as a reasonable persuasion to proper actions based on the principles of morality, ethics, and culture; informational and influential accents. In modern science (Philosophy, Psychology, Rhetoric, Linguistics), logos has acquired not only new meanings, but also has become an important concept of rational expression of free ideas, meanings, reflections. From this perspective, new media serve as the most concentrated source of logosphere and eidosphere creation, which should be thoroughly studied and analyzed every day. The research on multimedia texts, genre diversity, new platforms, and online publications has significantly contributed to the Media Studies. Techniques of persuasive communication, methods of argumentation, and verbal tools form a separate area of the research within the field. Unlike manipulation, persuasion is the conscious use of written or spoken language, interactive visualization, and infographics to influence someone’s beliefs, views, or actions; gain someone’s support, approve the suggested ways of behavior, intentions, etc. Means of persuasion in media texts serve as logical information accents aimed at the proper perception of the corresponding meanings. In general, factors of persuasion are to influence the masses and the motivation of their actions, modify views, and form public opinion. In journalism, these are meaningful words, thoughts, principles of high-quality narrative with the use of convincing arguments, facts and, most importantly, positive intentions for the readers. Persuasive media texts exclude manipulation of public opinion, trust and people’s inclination to perceive doctrines imposed on them. Keywords: persuasion, concept, visual information, social communication.
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Aguiar Borges, Luciane, Lisa Rohrer, and Kjell Nilsson. Green and healthy Nordic cities: How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. Nordregio, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:11403-2503.
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This handbook is the culmination of the NORDGREEN project, which develops and implements smart planning and management solutions for well-designed, high-quality green spaces that promote health and well-being. Researchers and practitioners worked alongside one another in six Nordic cities: Aarhus (Denmark), Espoo and Ii (Finland), Stavanger (Norway), and Täby and Vilhelmina (Sweden). Together, the researchers and practitioners applied methods including GIS data analysis, statistical analysis, PPGIS surveys and analysis, policy document analysis, interviews, and evidence-based design models. The handbook uses an innovative framework based on the multi-disciplinary approach of the project, using epidemiological studies, environmental psychology, policy and management, and citizen participation. These fields of study and their respective methodologies are divided into the four so-called NORD components—NUMBERING, OBSERVING, REGULATING, and DESIGNING—which, accompanied by a BACKGROUND section reviewing the evidence linking green space and human health, form the bulk of the handbook. Some key take-away messages from these chapters include: There is a fairly broad consensus that access to, and use of, natural and green areas have a positive influence on people’s health and well-being. Both perceived and objective indicators for access to green space and for health are needed for making a more comprehensive evaluation for how people’s health is influenced by green space. Citizens’ experiential, local knowledge is a vital component of urban planning, and PPGIS can offer practitioners the opportunity to gather map-based experiential knowledge to provide insights for planning, designing, and managing green spaces. Alignment, both vertically across the political, tactical, and operational levels, as well as horizontally across departments, is critical for municipal organisations to foster health-promoting green spaces. Evidence-based design models can provide important categories and qualities for diagnosing the gaps in existing green spaces and designing green spaces with different scales and scopes that respond to the various health and well-being needs of different people. Based on the research and lessons learned from the six case study cities, the handbook provides practitioners with a TOOLBOX of adaptable methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green spaces to consider in their own contexts. By reading this handbook, planners and policymakers can expect to gain (1) a background on the evidence linking green spaces and health, practical tools for planning, designing, and managing green spaces, (2) tips from researchers regarding the challenges of using various methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green space, and (3) inspiration on some success stories emerging from the Nordic Region in this area of study. The handbook covers a wide range of health and urban green space topics. Landscape architects will find evidence-based design models for enhancing existing green space design processes. Planners will find methods and guidelines for identifying, collecting, and analysing both qualitative and quantitative green space and health data from statistical databases, national citizen surveys, and map-based participatory surveys. And all practitioners will find guidelines for achieving programmatic alignment in their work for delivering health-promoting green space.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.