Dissertations / Theses: 'Psychology – History'

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Hampton, Simon Jonathan. "Evolutionary social psychology, natural history & the history of ideas." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3943/.

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The aim of this dissertation is to analyse two notions which inform contemporary evolutionary psychology. In Part I Tooby and Cosmides' (1992) Standard Model thesis of the history of twentieth century social science is examined with regard to social psychology. In Part II the practical and theoretical fecundity of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness is examined, again with regard to social psychology. The analysis of the Standard Model thesis yields the result that it is not reliable as an intellectual history of social psychology. A principal reason for this is the failure of the thesis to acknowledge the instinct debate of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Further consideration of the instinct debate leads to the conclusion that evolutionary psychology may be in the process of repeating the history of social psychology rather than making substantive advances. The analysis of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness concept yields two results. Firstly, in use it fails to accommodate the findings of palaeontology. Secondly, it promotes a view of mental capacity and functioning that is at odds with that of modern humans. Further consideration of the natural history of the human lineage leads to the conclusion that the past was not, in some sense, ontogenetically prior to the present and that it will not furnish social psychology with an adaptation that functions in a predictable manner. In Part III it is recommended that an evolutionary approach to social psychology should dispense with the concept of adaptation as proposed by evolutionary psychology.

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Long, Wahbie. "A history of 'relevance' : South African psychology in focus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11203.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis investigates the historical and discursive contours of the "relevance" debate in South African psychology. It begins by contextualizing the debate, detailing how appeals for "relevance" in the broader discipline proliferated during the sixties and seventies in American, European and "Third World" psychology. The thesis observes further how widespread conditions of social turmoil precipitated the development of this crisis over "relevance", which was encouraged also by traits peculiar to psychology. These include the discipline's indecisiveness regarding its cognitive interest, its reliance on a basic but rarefied science for its scientific eminence, and its longstanding difficulty accommodating sociality. Proponents of "relevance", that is, insist that psychology attend to "real world" concerns. However, since the thesis advances the position that materiality can only be accessed via language, it is asserted that the credentialing of "relevance" occurs rhetorically.

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Brennan, Toni Lee. "Charlotte Wolff's contribution to psychology and to the history of sexuality." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843115/.

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The Charlotte Wolff Archive in the History of Psychology Centre of the British Psychological Society is the only major collection of working papers from individual psychologists that preserves the papers of a woman psychologist, yet Wolff is relatively unknown. This thesis aims to consider her contribution to psychology and to the history of sexuality. In line with a view of history as alive in the present, this also entails engaging Wolff in contemporary debates on gender and sexuality. To this effect, Chapter 1 presents a biographical sketch of Wolff and introduces her legacy, including how the Wolff Archive was acquired and opened for research for the first time for the author of this thesis. Chapter 2 contextualizes Wolff as a woman psychologist in line with a feminist historical project of reclaiming missing voices - which entails a discussion of ways of 'doing history' and 'doing biography' and an examination of the concept of the archive. Chapter 3 considers the history of sexuality and how sexual identities have solidified with the rise of sexology; it also gives an account of the struggle for homosexual emancipation in Germany and of the implications of the 'forgetting' of lesbianism in German and British law, and concludes with some notes on Wolff's contemporaries in lesbian history Radclyffe Hall and Gertrude Stein. Having so contextualized Wolff, the thesis considers in further chapters her contribution to the history of sexuality by examining her autobiographical biographical writings as documents of lesbian history and beyond (Chapter 4), her contribution - with book length studies - to lesbian feminism (Chapter 5) and to theory and research on bisexuality (Chapter 6). Wolff's work as biographer of Magnus Hirschfeld (as well her theorizing of biography) are addressed in Chapter 7. Finally, Chapter 8 offers some conclusions on why Wolff has yet to be fully 'reclaimed' as the previous chapters on her work show that she deserves. Additional reflections are offered on the archive and archival research - at the level of the particular (engaging with the Wolff Archive) and in general terms. Finally, the thesis suggests future lines of enquiry.

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Berliner, Angie. "A history of psychology in New Zealand : early beginnings 1869–1929." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10579.

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This thesis is concerned with the introduction and development of western psychology in New Zealand during the period 1869 – 1929. The foundations of psychology coincided with the early foundations of the country and the building of the first university colleges. The evolving colonial university system provided opportunity but also institutional limitations on the development of the subject. Sir Thomas Hunter introduced experimental psychology and established the first psychology laboratory in 1907 at Victoria College. Hunter was supported in this by his American based mentor, Edward B. Titchener. Hunter played an important role in campaigning for university reform and worked tirelessly to promote both the study and application of psychology. This thesis argues that historic global and local events were crucial to the development and advancement of psychology in New Zealand. World War 1 ended in 1918 and was followed by a deadly flu epidemic. These events led to new theories and developments in psychology, many of which were imported to New Zealand and adapted to suit local needs. Local changes in approaches to health care and social management opened opportunities for a professional role in psychology. Throughout the 1920’s psychologists expanded their field of influence and began to develop applications for psychological knowledge. By 1929, psychology had become firmly established as a discipline worthy of individual attention. New Zealand had not yet begun to produce significant psychological research but provided a unique host society in which, in the space of sixty years, the study of psychology was introduced and developed and largely kept pace with international advances.

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Linstrum, Erik. "Making Minds Modern: The Politics of Psychology in the British Empire, 1898-1970." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10597.

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This dissertation describes how innovations in the science of mind -- laboratory measurements, psychoanalysis, and mental testing -- changed the ideas and institutions of British imperialism. Psychology did not function as a tool of empire in any straightforward way: in many cases, the knowledge it generated called racial stereotypes into question, uncovered the traumatic effects of British rule, and drew unflattering contrasts between the hierarchical values of imperialism and an idealized vision of meritocracy. Psychology did, however, strengthen the authority of Western experts to intervene in other cultures. While they kept their distance from the political culture of officials and settlers, psychologists embraced a modernizing mission, arguing that knowledge of abilities and emotions could make colonized societies fairer and more efficient. The development projects which defined the postwar and postcolonial periods -- usually seen as the golden age of abstract, impersonal, "high modernist" planning -- relied in significant ways on the measurement and management of minds.
History

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Hemphill, James Franklin. "Psychopathy, criminal history, and recidivism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ34517.pdf.

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Cooper, Hilary Jacquelyn. "Young children's thinking in history." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019081/.

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Theories of cognitive development relevant to children's thinking in history are examined and previous research relating these to history is discussed. No agreed patterns of development in historical thinking which are based on cognitive psychology have so far been found, and the early stages of children's historical thinking have not been adequately examined. An experiment was set up to investigate young children's ability to develop arguments about a variety of historical evidence. Two groups of twenty eight-year-old children were taught four periods of history over two terms, as part of an integrated curriculum, by the researcher who was their class teacher. Teaching strategies were based on experience (visits to sites and museums), and discussion of key evidence using taught concepts. These experimental groups were compared with a control group in another school, taught the same four periods as the experimental groups, by an experienced teacher, using his siwn methods. At the end of each unit, the control and experimental groups were given a written test to assess their ability to make deductions about evidence related to the period but previously unseen. The first experimental group also made tape-recordings of discussions of the evidence, led by the teacher. In the second experimental group discussions, no adult was present. The experimental groups were also tested on their ability to write stories based on their knowledge of this period. Assessment scales based on cognitive psychology and previous research were devised. Findings suggested that children were able to make a range of valid deductions about pictures, artefacts, diagrams, maps and writing, using learned vocabulary, and that they could recognise a distinction between certainty and probability. Discussions were more wide-ranging than written answers, whether an adult was present or not. It was suggested that through learning to make a range of valid suppositions about evidence, children begin to consider the attitudes and ideas of other societies. Teaching strategies are significant in developing children's historical understanding.

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Durrant, Russil. "A natural history of mind: the role of evolutionary explanations in psychology." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4895.

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Evolutionary theory has been employed to explain psychological and social phenomena for over a hundred years. However, despite various claims that evolutionary theory should be considered the dominant theoretical framework for psychology, mainstream psychologists have resisted the widespread use of evolutionary explanations in their domain. This thesis aims to clarify the role of evolutionary explanations in psychology. In particular, I demonstrate that a clearer understanding of the role of evolutionary explanations in psychology is obtained by drawing on some recent literature in the philosophy of science. Evolutionary theory, I argue offers a coherent, unifying, explanatory framework for psychology, and evolutionary explanations should have a more prominent role in psychological science than they have had in the past. However, mainstream psychological theory will not be entirely replaced by theories drawn from the evolutionary research programme. The relationship between evolutionary explanations and other sorts of explanations in psychology is clarified, and some suggestions as to what evolutionary theory offers the future of psychology are forwarded.

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Fierro, Catriel. "Overcoming the ‘Chronic Doubt’: History of Psychology and Argentinian Psychologists’ Training and Education in the Context of Latin-American Psychology." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123834.

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The present study presents an empirical analysis of the relevance of psychologists’ historical education within the framework of Latin American psychology. The ‘chronic doubt’ about the formative aim of historiography is first characterized. The ways in which such historiography is a central input in Latin American and Argentinian psychologists’ training and education is then described. The results of a descriptive, mixed socio-bibliometric analysis of the literature used as readings (n = 798) in undergraduate historical courses at Argentinian psychology programs are presented. Findings indicate a marked predominance of texts and scholarship by Argentinian authors, a marked scarcity of Latin American authors and themes, and a problematic depiction of psychology’s historical pluralism. We conclude on the implications of such results for a critical history in the Latin American psychologists’ education, and on the need to contextualize local history in regional history of science.
El presente estudio constituye un análisis empírico de la relevancia de la educación histórica de los psicólogos en el marco de la psicología latinoamericana. Se caracteriza la ‘duda crónica’ sobre el sentido formativo de la historiografía, describiéndose las formas en que dicha historiografía representa un insumo central en la formación de los psicólogos latinoamericanos y argentinos. Luego se exponen los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo descriptivo, de tipo socio-bibliométrico, sobre la literatura utilizada como bibliografía (n=798) en asignaturas históricas de carreras de psicología en Argentina. Los resultados indican un predominio marcado de literatura de autores argentinos, una escasez marcada de autores latinoamericanos y una representación en ocasiones problemática del pluralismo histórico de la disciplina. Se concluye sobre las implicaciones de tales resultados para una historia crítica en la formación de psicólogos latinoamericanos y sobre la necesidad de contextualizar la historia local en la historia regional de la ciencia.
La présente étude constitue une analyse empirique de la pertinence de l’éducation historique des psychologues dans le contexte de la psychologie latino-américaine. Le “doute chronique” sur le sens formatif de l’historiographie est caractérisé, en décrivant les manières dont cette historiographie représente un apport central dans la formation des psychologues latinoaméricains et argentins. Les résultats d’une analyse descriptive quantitative et qualitative, de type socio-bibliométrique, sur la littérature utilisée comme bibliographie (n = 798) dans le contenu des cours historiques de carrières en psychologie en Argentine sont présentés. Les résultats indiquent une prédominance marquée de la littérature écrite par des auteurs argentins, une pénurie marquée d’auteurs latino-américains et une représentation parfois problématique du pluralisme historique de la discipline. Il conclut sur les implications de tels résultats pour une histoire critique dans la formation des psychologues latino-américains et sur la nécessité de contextualiser l’histoire locale dans l’histoire régionale de la science.
O presente estudo constitui uma análise empírica da relevância da educação histórica dos psicólogos no quadro da psicologia latino-americana. É caracterizada a “dúvida crônica” sobre o sentido formativo da historiografia, descrevendo as formas pelas quais essa historiografia representa um aporte central no treinamento de psicólogos latino-americanos e argentinos. São apresentados os resultados de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa descritiva, sócio-bibliométrica da literatura utilizada como bibliografia (n = 798) em disciplinas históricas de carreiras de psicologia na Argentina. Os resultados indicam uma marcada predominância da literatura dos autores argentinos, uma escassez marcada de autores latino-americanos e uma representação problemática do pluralismo histórico da disciplina. Conclui sobre as implica- ções de tais resultados para uma história crítica na formação de psicólogos latino-americanos e sobre a necessidade de contextualizar a história local na história regional da ciência.

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Black, Candace Jasmine. "The life history narrative| How early events and psychological processes relate to biodemographic measures of life history." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10102782.

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The aim of this project is to examine the relationships between two approaches to the measurement of life history strategies. The traditional method, termed here the biodemographic approach, measures developmental characteristics like birthweight, gestation length, inter-birth intervals, pubertal timing, and sexual debut. The alternative method under exploration, termed here the psychological approach, measures a suite of cognitive and behavioral traits such as altruism, sociosexual orientation, personality, mutualism, familial relationships, and religiosity. Although both approaches are supported by a large body of literature, they remain relatively segregated. This study draws inspiration from both views, integrating measures that assess developmental milestones, including birthweight, prematurity, pubertal timing, and onset of sexual behavior, as well as psychological life history measures such as the Mini-K and a personality inventory. Drawing on previous theoretical work on the fundamental dimensions of environmental risk, these measures are tested in conjunction with several scales assessing the stability of early environmental conditions, including both “event-based” measures that are defined with an external referent, and measures of internal schemata, or the predicted psychological sequelae of early events. The data are tested in a three-part sequence, beginning with the measurement models under investigation, proceeding to an exploratory analysis of the causal network, and finishing with a cross-validation of the structural model on a new sample. The findings point to exciting new directions for future researchers who seek to integrate the two perspectives.

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Afacan, Seyma. "Of the soul and emotions : conceptualizing 'the Ottoman individual' through psychology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27830325-8445-4fa9-ada7-bd49a3d43e8e.

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This thesis examines late Ottoman discourses on the soul and emotions as reflected by a large corpus of psychological literature under the umbrella of ilm-i ahval-i ruh (the science of the states of the soul, psychology) in relation to the rise of the rhetoric concerning the 'new man' - an imaginary 'Ottoman individual' educated in 'new schools' to be in complete harmony with Ottoman modernization. It posits that the 'new man' was subjected to a process of design as a producing unit whether in possession of a soul or not, while the conceptual framework of the 'individual' was being formulated. The secondary literature on Ottoman modernization has illustrated intellectual efforts for designing the 'new man' in relation to the formation of national identity. In doing so it has focused on the process of indoctrination and the dissemination of normative accounts. Drawing on that literature, this thesis intends to complicate the picture and look beyond the normative accounts. By approaching the debate between materialism and spiritualism as a psychological argument and revolving the story around the metaphors of 'man as machine' and 'man as animal', it aims to display the influence of the scientific and technological changes that shaped the material as well as the intellectual culture these authors experienced. In an attempt to go beyond what lies beneath the national and religious underpinnings of the imagined 'new man', this thesis maintains a tight focus on the psychological writings of four intellectuals - all of whom gave serious thought to the debate about the soul: Abdullah Cevdet, Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi, Baha Tevfik, and Mustafa Şekip Tunç. By shifting the centre of focus of the rhetoric about the 'new man' from national or religious identity formation to the pressing concerns about economic and technological progress, it shows an Ottoman entanglement with science and technology and a deeper Ottoman inquiry into the conceptual framework of the individual. Accordingly it argues that the psychological literature on the soul and emotions bears testimony to the acute concern for how to integrate individuals into the frenzy of progressive discourses in the late Ottoman Empire. This concern constituted common ground among intellectuals from different backgrounds. Yet they held different understandings of the notion of progress and often gave different answers to deeper philosophical questions pertaining to the new man's soul, emotions, will, and relations with collective units. Such complexity demonstrates that multiple trajectories were possible before national identity formation took concrete forms in a much later context, and that transnational patterns of 'constructing the subjects' through psychological studies played an equally important role.

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McLaughlin, Terence. "Psychology and mental health politics : a critical history of the Hearing Voices Movement." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311288.

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Kalin, Judith D. (Judith Diane) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The C.R. Myer's Oral History Collection; investigation of the utility of Myers' Oral History Collection to the development of the history of psychology in Canada." Ottawa, 1996.

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Wong, Chin-hei, and 黃展曦. "Chen Daqi and the foundation of the "new" psychology in republican China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47753122.

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The history of the founding and early development of the “new” western experimental psychology in China has long been a myth due to an absence of detailed and systematic research. Equally ironic is the fact that the biography, publications and contributions of Chen Daqi, a man who is widely regarded as the “founder of experimental psychology in China”, have never been seriously studied in the past. This thesis is an attempt to fill in these historical gaps. Its first half, being primarily an archival study, traces the history of the founding and early development of the “new” psychology in China, in particular within the campus of Beijing University, during the early Republican era (ca. 1917-1923). It also examines the psychological publications of Chen Daqi. The second half of the thesis contextualizes these developments within a broader discussion of various issues related to the transfer of psychological knowledge from the west. The traditional understanding of psychology in Republican China, that it was merely a passive “copy” of the west’s is refuted. Kurt Danziger’s theory concerning the two prerequisites for the successful establishment of a new science is utilized to show how Chen Daqi’s attempts to develop psychology proceeded smoothly after the new discipline was first introduced into China in the late 1910s. This study concludes with a re-evaluation of Chen’s project.
published_or_final_version
Psychology
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Reyes, Fredy. "Effects of Reinforcement History on Stimulus Control Relations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2669/.

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Ray (1969) conducted an experiment on multiple stimulus-response relations and selective attention. Ray's (1969) results suggested that stimulus-response relations function as behavioral units. McIlvane and Dube (1996) indicated that if stimulus-response relations are behavioral units the effects of environmental variables on stimulus-response relations should be similar to the effects of environmental variables on single response topographies. This experiment analyzed the effects of reinforcement history on the probability of stimulus-response relations with differing reinforcement histories. In separate conditions random-ratio schedules of reinforcement were contingent on each of four discriminated responses. To assess the effects of reinforcement, during test conditions stimuli controlling different topographies were present concurrently in composite form. Results show that reinforcement history affects the probability of each response topography and that the association between response topographies and their controlling stimuli tends to remain constant throughout variations in reinforcement probability.

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Curry, Oliver. "Morality as natural history." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2/.

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What are moral values and where do they come from? David Hume argued that moral values were the product of a range of passions, inherent to human nature, that aim at the common good of society. Recent developments in game theory, evolutionary biology, animal behaviour, psychology and neuroscience suggest that Hume was right to suppose that humans have such passions. This dissertation reviews these developments, and considers their implications for moral philosophy. I first explain what Darwinian adaptations are, and how they generate behaviour. I then explain that, contrary to the Hobbesian caricature of life in the state of nature, evolutionary theory leads us to expect that organisms will be social, cooperative and even altruistic under certain circumstances. I introduce four main types of cooperation: kin altruism, coordination to mutual advantage, reciprocity and conflict resolution and provide examples of "adaptations for cooperation" from nonhuman species. I then review the evidence for equivalent adaptations for cooperation in humans. Next, I show how this Humean-Darwinian account of the moral sentiments can be used to make sense of traditional positions in meta-ethics; how it provides a rich deductive framework in which to locate and make sense of a wide variety of apparently contradictory positions in traditional normative ethics; and how it clearly demarcates the problems of applied ethics. I defend this version of ethical naturalism against the charge that it commits "the naturalistic fallacy". I conclude that evolutionary theory provides the best account yet of the origins and status of moral values, and that moral philosophy should be thought of as a branch of natural history.

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Widuger, Christine. "Youth populations with an abuse history and their exposure to sexual materials online." Thesis, Adler School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3664151.

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The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between a history of abuse and exposure to unwanted sexual materials and solicitation online. Specifically, this study assessed the association between an abuse or trauma history and experiences of online solicitation among youth. Also, analysis included examining whether males or females with a history of abuse had higher rates of online exploitation. Archival data from the Youth Internet Safety Survey (YISS) 1, conducted in the year 2000, and YISS 2, conducted in the year 2005, were analyzed to determine if there was an association a trauma or abuse history and sexual solicitation online. For YISS-1, from a total sample of 1,501 youth, there were 119 youth who reported online sexual solicitation in the past year and 12 who identified a history of sexual abuse in the past year. For YISS-2, from a total sample size of 1,500, there were 105 youth who reported online sexual solicitation in the past year and 20 who identified a history of sexual abuse in the past year. Analysis of this data indicated an association between abuse history and sexual solicitation online. In both samples, children who reported a history of sexual abuse were more likely to report online sexual solicitation (x

2(1) = 18.96, p < 0.001;x

2(1) = 57.34, p < 0.001). Although statistically significant, both ofthese associations were weak (ϕ = 0.113, p < .001; ϕ = 0.196, p =< .001). Due to the small sample size of youth who reported a history of abuse and the results should be interpreted with caution. In addition, for both years 2000 and 2005, there were no significant differences found between male and female youth with a reported abuse history and their sexual solicitation online (x

2(1) = 0.78, p = .38; x

2(1) = 2.40, p = .12). It isimportant for professionals to learn if a history of abuse will carry over into an online world and potentially re-traumatize young individuals. This information would have implications for how the mental health community develops intervention strategies and education programs.

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Ashley-Cooper, Michaela. "Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with a history of childhood trauma." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10018.

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Traumatic events experienced in childhood, such as physical and sexual abuse, can lead to multiple long-term effects on later cognitive functioning. Empirical research has shown that specific brain regions are affected by traumatic stress, including the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. It follows that the cognitive abilities subserved by these regions, including spatial navigation, new learning, and executive functioning, are negatively affected. The aim of the current study was to provide a thorough investigation of how trauma exposure and PTSD effect adolescents' cognitive functioning (looking specifically at those tasks subserved by the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex), correcting for the methodological flaws seen in the research thus far.

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Dávila, Dávila Alex. "'Phenomenal mind" and "conceptual mind" paradigms in psychology: ¿Is unity possible?" Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101163.

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This year, psychology reaches as a discipline 125 years since the beginning of activities at the first experimental laboratory in Leipzig. Through this long period, psychology has evolved as a complex discipline in which severa! epistemological visions have grown accompanying the expansion of the field. We propase to analyze this process by applying the concepts of phenomenal mind and conceptual mind on severa! psychological approaches, including main historical and contemporary "schools". Analysis suggests the existence of complex relations and mutual influences among psychologies, uneasiness to classify sharply al! psychologies as phenomenal or conceptual, and the potential to unify psychology as a science by including phenomenological points of view in contemporary psychology.
En este año, la psicología cumple como disciplina 125 años desde el inicio de las actividades en el primer laboratorio experimental en Leipzig. A través de este largo período, la psicología ha evolucionado como una disciplina compleja en la cual han crecido diversas visiones epistemológicas acompañando la expansión del campo. Proponemos analizar este proceso aplicando los conceptos de mente fenoménica y mente conceptual sobre diversos enfoques psicológicos, incluyendo las "escuelas" históricas y contemporáneas más importantes. El análisis sugiere la existencia de relaciones complejas e influencias mutuas entre las psicologías, la dificultad para clasificar claramente a todas ellas como fenoménicas o conceptuales, y el potencial para unificar la psicología como una ciencia a través de la inclusión de puntos de vista fenomenológicos en la psicología contemporánea.

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Kronenberg, Clive. "Manifestations of humanism in Cuban history, politics, and culture." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8095.

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The thesis explores what it deems are some of the most perceptible humanistic features in Cuban history, politics, and culture, less specified, or highlighted, or generally not presented in a cohesive body of knowledge in the western scholarly world. In the context of its subject, the thesis embraces rational-critical thinking and supports the custom of non-violent dispute. Insofar as the Cuban Constitution incorporates a range of goals structured on socialist principles, the thesis sets out to scrutinise manifestations in Cuban thinking emblematic of the Marxist-humanist and/or anti-Stalinist philosophical traditions of revolutionary praxis. The thesis' main body investigates, illustrates, and analyses the presence of such features, focussing predominantly on the period 1959 to the late 1960s. Where the thesis does delve into timeframes beyond this era, it endeavours to show the continuity of relevant facets previously identified. Preceding the main examination, the thesis looks into what is widely perceived as the main roots of the country's humanist tradition, the moral ideas and standpoints of Jose Marti, the country's national hero. A further objective of this thesis lies in the belief that aspects of Cuba's national cultural policy in large measure addresses historical issues post-Apartheid South Africa confronts today.

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Girdwood, Allan Browning. "Innovation and development in the psychology and epistemology of Epictetus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7a63374d-2e83-49be-8057-5c11aae2ac0f.

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The subject of this thesis is the relationship of the psychology and epistemology of the philosopher Epictetus (c.55-135 A.D.) to the Stoic tradition to which he belonged. Epictetus' psychology is characterised by the subsuming of psychological functions and development under the single term prohairesis, and his epistemology under a corresponding term 'use of impressions' (chrêsis phantasiôn); the two terms being used largely interchangeably. The status of the prohairesis as a faculty is investigated and it is concluded that it is the principal over-arching faculty of the governing-principle of the soul (hêgemonikon), and thus occupies a similar position to that occupied by Reason (logos) in the Stoic tradition. Prohairesis is used to define the 'end' and 'good' for man in Epictetus' teaching, displacing 'wisdom' and 'virtue' with 'prohairesis as it ought to be'. Epictetus thus seeks to reflect the concerns of the 'person making progress' by making the end an extreme point on a continuum of mental and moral states on which he already occupies a place. The self-contemplating ability of prohairesis allows it to be used to define the human self as a single unified consciousness, and also distinguish it from 'external' things outwith our power. The redefining of all things external to the mind as outwith our power is Epictetus' most significant innovation. Epistemology is closely linked to psychology. The 'use of impressions' involves using 'preconceptions' (prolêpseis) and 'rules' (kanones) to test incoming impressions. The aim is not to allow any false judgement to be installed permanently in the prohairesis and thus hinder moral progress. The substitution of the term judgement (dogma) for 'cognition' (katalêpsis) allows Epictetus to draw attention to the need to replace poor judgements with better ones. The thesis concludes that Epictetus introduces a number of innovations to Stoicism and also develops established doctrines to reflect his emphasis on the 'inner life' and on the moral development of ordinary people.

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Gleason, Mona Lee. "Normalizing the Ideal: Psychology, the School, and the Family in Post-World War II." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/754.

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'Psychology and the Construction of the 'Normal' Family in Postwar Canada, 1945-1960,' investigates the manner in which psychological discourse constructed notions of the normal postwar family in Canada. Despite their pronouncements to the contrary, I argue that the psychologists' discussions of what constituted the normal family were shaped by and reflected their social values, and not so-called objective, scientific concerns. In psychological discourse, normal families were those that conformed to the idealized expectations constructed by the psychologists themselves. These expectations reflected the hegemony of the Anglo-Saxon middle-class point of view that dominated postwar Canadian society. Through its specialized discourse, psychology compared, differentiated, hierarchized, homogenized and excluded families and individuals. Together these techniques constituted its 'normalizing power. ' The study seeks to understand the role of professional social sciences in shaping the private experience of ordinary Canadians and the political uses to which the concepts of social scientific rhetoric are put. It suggests that social scientists endowed with the power to influence social convention determined acceptable ideas about the family and family life. This raises important questions about the political motivation of this expert intervention into the private lives of Canadians.

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Atkins, Walter Earl Jr. "The History and Significance of the Autism Spectrum." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1309356473.

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Silungwe, Ndumanene Devlin. "Juvenile crimes in Malawi : life-history narratives of male juvenile offenders." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10773.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-88).
Juvenile crime is a growing problem in Malawi. International research has focussed on the causes of this type of crime in an attempt to explain and deal with this phenomenon. This study adds to the scholarly knowledge by exploring the life stories of 22 male juvenile offenders currently incarcerated for various crimes in Malawi. Semi-structured life-history interviews were conducted and results are consistent with the existing literature - specifically on risk factors, control theories and life-course theories. This study showed that several factors in childhood and adolescence contributed to the participants' offending behaviour. Participants also made sense of their behaviour by constructing themselves as victims of life circumstances, spiritual and supernatural forces, and an inequitable justice system. Some of these attributional models are uncommon in criminological literature.

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Dávila, Dávila Alex. "A historic view of the conceptual relations between theoretical and quantitative psychology." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100380.

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This paper reviews the history of conceptual relations between theoretical and quantitative psychology. The concepts of mathematical psychology, psychometry, and their links to psychological structuralisms and functionalisms are reviewed. This work stresses the need of giving a psychological theoretical background to the quantitative point of view in psychology. Spearman's theory of intelligence is proposed as a model of synthesis between theoretical and quantitative psychology; it is proposed also to integrare psychometry with experimental psychology to proof psychological hyphotesis derived of psychomarhematical and psychostatistical frames.
Este artículo presenta una revisión de la historia de las relaciones conceptuales entre psicología teórica y psicología cuantitativa. Se revisan los conceptos de psicología matemática y psicometría, así como los vínculos epistemológicos que estas áreas tienen con los estructuralismos y funcionalismos psicológicos. El trabajo resalta la necesidad de dotar a los puntos de vista cuantitativos en psicología con herramientas conceptuales propiamente psicológicas. Se propone la teoría de la inteligencia de Spearman como un modelo de integración de psicología teórica y psicología cuantitativa; también se propone la integración de la psicometría con la psicología experimental en el terreno de las pruebas de hipótesis derivadas de marcos psicomatemáticos y psicoestadísticos.

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Wilsie, Carisa Caro Knight Elizabeth Brestan. "An evaluation of treatment drop-out families with a history of child physical abuse /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Psychology/Thesis/Wilsie_Carisa_33.pdf.

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Owens, Rebecca. "The role of life history variables in male competitive behaviour." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/7031/.

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Evolutionary psychology suggests that predispositions toward many behaviours exist because they were adaptive in the evolutionary environment. Adaptive behaviours are often sex differentiated due to biological differences in reproduction. Men are typically more competitive than women due to their innate motivation to compete for access to a greater quantity of mates which then typically decreases as reproductive resources are acquired. However, in the ancestral environment, this reproductive strategy was not adaptive for women therefore this variation in the competitiveness of women should not be evident. Research into the effect of reproductive resources on competitiveness is in its early stages and predominantly uses niche samples of highly competitive individuals. This thesis therefore aimed to explore this phenomenon using more representative samples of men and more accessible measures of competitiveness than those used in previous research. In a novel, online, behavioural measure of competitiveness, single non-fathers were shown to be more competitive than committed fathers, consistent with the evolutionary explanation of the origins of competitiveness. Furthermore, this variation in competitiveness was not evident in women. Fluctuating levels of testosterone have previously been implicated as supporting mate acquisition behaviours in men. Although this finding was not evident in the current research, testosterone levels did predict the competitive motivation of men in committed relationships consistent with self-reported interests in pursuing mates. Female mate preferences corroborated these findings showing women prefer for men to evidence a decrease in mating effort as relationship commitment increases. Finally, there was no evidence that priming cues relevant to reproductive success influenced competitiveness. Overall, the results provide some support for the evolutionary ii account of competitiveness in men, consistent with the suggestion that it reflects mating motivations and varies adaptively to promote reproductive success.

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Penke, Lars. "Approaches to an evolutionary personality psychology." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15658.

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Evolutionäre Herangehensweisen hatten in der Persönlichkeitspsychologie nicht den gleichen Erfolg wie in anderen Bereichen der Psychologie. In dieser Dissertation werden zwei alternative evolutionäre Herangehensweisen an die Persönlichkeitspsychologie diskutiert und angewendet. Die evolutionsgenetische Herangehensweise fragt, warum genetische Varianz in Persönlichkeitsunterschieden existiert. Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation werden verschiedene evolutionsgenetische Mechanismen, die genetische Varianz erklären können, verglichen. Auf Grundlage evolutionsgenetischer Theorie und empirischen Befunden aus der Verhaltensgenetik und Persönlichkeitspsychologie wird geschlussfolgert, dass ein Mutations-Selektions-Gleichgewicht genetische Varianz in Intelligenz gut erklären kann, während ausgleichende Selektion durch Umweltheterogenität die plausibelste Erklärung für genetische Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitseigenschaften ist. Komplementär zur evolutionsgenetischen Herangehensweise beginnt die „Life History“-Herangehensweise damit, wie Menschen ihre Ressourcen in evolutionär relevante Lebensbereiche investieren. Im zweiten Teil der Dissertationsschrift wird diese Herangehensweise am Beispiel von Investitionsunterschieden in Langzeit- versus Kurzzeit-Paarungstaktiken (wie im Konstrukt der Soziosexualität abgebildet) erläutert. Zwei neue Maße zur Erfassung von Soziosexualitätskomponenten werden vorgestellt. Während das revidierte Soziosexuelle Orientierungsinventar (SOI-R) ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Facetten „Verhalten“, „Einstellung“ und „Begehren“ ist, wurde mit dem Single-Attribute Impliziten Assoziationstest (SA-IAT) eine neue Methode zur indirekten Erfassung impliziter Soziosexualität entwickelt. Beide Maße zeigten konkurrente Validität in Onlinestudien, aber nur der SOI-R erwies sich als prädiktiv für Paarungstaktiken, einschließlich beobachtetem Flirtverhalten sowie der Zahl der Sexualpartner und Veränderungen im Beziehungsstatus innerhalb der nächsten 12 Monate.
Evolutionary approaches have not been as successful in personality psychology as they were in other areas of psychology. In this thesis, two alternative evolutionary approaches to personality psychology are discussed and applied. The evolutionary genetic approach asks why genetic variance in personality differences exists. In the first part of this thesis, three evolutionary genetic mechanisms that could explain genetic variance in personality differences are assessed: selective neutrality, mutation-selection balance, and balancing selection. Based on evolutionary genetic theory and empirical results from behavior genetics and personality psychology, it is concluded that selective neutrality is largely irrelevant, that mutation-selection balance seems best at explaining genetic variance in intelligence, and that balancing selection by environmental heterogeneity seems best at explaining genetic variance in personality traits. Complementary to the evolutionary genetic approach, the life history approach starts with how people allocate their resources to evolutionarily relevant life tasks. In the second part of this thesis, differences in the allocation to long-term versus short-term mating tactics (as reflected in the construct of sociosexuality) are used as a case to exemplify this approach. Two new measures for the assessment of sociosexuality components are presented. While the revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R) is a questionnaire that assesses the facets Behavior, Attitude and Desire, the sociosexuality Single-Attribute Implicit Association Test (SA-IAT) is a new methodic development aimed to assess implicit sociosexuality indirectly. Both measures showed concurrent validity in online studies, but only the SOI-R facets were predictive of mating tactics, including observed flirting behavior, as well as for the number of sexual partners and changes in romantic relationship status over the following 12 months.

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Leyssen, Sigrid. "Perception in Movement. Moving Images in Albert Michotte's Experimental Psychology (1881-1965)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0142.

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J’explore de nouvelles façons d’étudier l’histoire et l’historicité de la perception, à travers un double portrait du psychologue francophone Albert Michotte, et de la collection de ses disques en papier. Leur interaction produit de nouvelles images expérimentales, éclaircissant les complexités de la perception. J’ai navigué différents archives, archives d'objets et collections d’instruments en Belgique, en France et en Allemagne. La découverte de nouvelles sources et mes ré-animations historiques m’ont permis de combiner l’histoire des sciences et l’étude des médias, touchant sur l’histoire de la philosophie et de la religion. Le portrait de Michotte dévoile une figure qui fait le pont entre différents paradigmes psychologiques, science et religion, filmologie et phénoménologie expérimentale, aussi bien qu’un diplomate des sciences traversant deux guerres, des politiques religieuses et des changements institutionnels. Etudier les paradoxes qu’il incarnait devient ainsi un outil d’historiographie. Le portrait des disques, contextualisé en termes de 'contextes d’action', montre comment ils sont liés à la pratique expérimentale, le cinéma, l’art et la culture matérielle du laboratoire. Ce double portrait montre comment Michotte et les disques créèrent ensemble des images en mouvement afin d’étudier les perceptions dynamiques, telle que la perception de la causalité. Le mouvement est essentiel à cette thèse, car il permet de comprendre comment de telles perceptions son générées et transportées. L’étude de ces perceptions permet de saisir comment la perception dépend d’un contexte, se forme à travers des inter-actions, et change – montrant son historicité
I explore new ways to study the history and historicity of perception, through a double portrait: of the francophone psychologist Albert Michotte, and of a set of well-preserved rotating paper discs. In their interaction, new experimental images were generated, shedding light on the intricacy of perception. I have searched different archives, object-archives and instrument collections in Belgium, France and Germany. Newly discovered sources, together with my historical re-animations, allowed me to combine history of science with media studies, in close interaction with the history of philosophy and religion.The portrait of Michotte shows a bridging-figure between different psychological paradigms, science and religion, filmology and experimental phenomenology, performing science diplomacy to navigate two wars, religious politics and institutional change. Studying the paradoxes he embodied is developed into a historiographical tool. The portrait of the discs, contextualised in terms of 'action contexts', shows how they related to experimental practice, cinema, art and the material culture of the laboratory. This dynamic double portrait shows how Michotte and the discs together create moving images for the study of dynamic perceptions, such as the perception of causality. Motion is central to this thesis, not only for explaining the dynamic perception of movements, but especially for understanding how such perceptions are generated and transported. Studying these 'movement-perceptions' makes it possible to grasp how perception is context dependent, how it is shaped through inter-actions, and how it changes – giving it a history

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Ewen, Neil David. "The Cultural Psychology of Football in England and Scotland : History, Economics, National Identity and Nostalgia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514258.

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Blatter, Jeremy Todd. "The Psychotechnics of Everyday Life: Hugo Münsterberg and the Politics of Applied Psychology, 1887-1917." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11636.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between experimental psychology and everyday life through the prism of Hugo Münsterberg and the Harvard Psychological Laboratory during the Progressive Era. Catalyzed by calls from the burgeoning educational community in the 1890s, academic psychologists were increasingly drawn into diverse cultural and political debates bearing on diverse facets of social reform and modernization. Educators, for example, courted psychologists to improve pedagogical techniques. Advertisers sought insight into the consumer mind. Electric utility companies even hired psychological consultants in studying street lighting conditions. At the same time, there was also pushback to such psychological interventions. Many lawyers, for example, opposed psychologists' incursions into the courtroom. Labor advocates protested psychotechnics as the handmaiden of industry. And vocational counselors favored common sense guidance to impersonal psychological tests. By tracing these debates over the place of psychological expertise in an array of contested sites, this dissertation argues that Münsterberg's psychotechnical movement represented a radical new view of the psychologist as an expert in modernization responsible for identifying, measuring and controlling the "human factor" mediating all human activity.
History of Science

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Klein, Alexander Mugar. "The rise of empiricism William James, Thomas Hill Green, and the struggle over psychology /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274251.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Philosophy, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: A, page: 2976. Adviser: Elisabeth A. Lloyd. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 28, 2008).

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Harney-Delehanty, Brianna. "Family History of Alcoholism and Stress-Reactivity." Thesis, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28027029.

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Family history of alcoholism (FHA) is posited to convey its risk on problematic drinking, in part, though how individuals react to stressful situations. Research thus far, however, has found equivocal results, with some studies concluding that FHA is associated with heightened stress-reactivity whereas others have found FHA associated with blunted stress-reactivity. In addition, the preponderance of this research has been conducted using laboratory-based paradigms, thus raising questions about the ecological validity of their findings. The purpose of the current study was to further clarify the association between FHA and affective reactions to two types of stress (social and academic stress) using an ecologically valid, micro-longitudinal research design. Participants were 1,606 undergraduate students (54% women) who completed a baseline survey, including questions related to both maternal and paternal alcohol use, and who subsequently completed a 30-day daily diary in which they reporting on their daily social and academic stress and affective states. Results showed a weaker positive association between social stress and anxiety among individuals with more paternal FHA symptoms, consistent with a blunted stress-reactivity perspective. The current study is the first to use an ecologically valid approach to investigate stress-reactivity in individuals with and without FHA. The results add to the current literature, providing a direction for future research to continue to clarify the nature FHA and stress-reactivity in order to understand the risk incurred by FHA.

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León, Ramón. "Kozulin, A. Psychology in utopia. Toward a social history of Soviet psychology. Cambridge, Mass.; Londres: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1984, XII+ 180 pgs." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99963.

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Haywood-Niler, Elizabeth. "Coping and its relationship to current distress, optimism, chronic stress and psychiatric history /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694702781455.

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Lakomaa, Erik. "The economic psychology of the welfare state." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2008. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/774.htm.

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Bouvette-Turcot, Andrée-Anne. "Maternal history of early adversity: transgenerational risk transmission to offspring, temperament development." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103680.

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Epidemiological data and the perinatal programming hypothesis suggest that the effects of a maternal history of early adverse experiences may affect the next generation. Such effects are likely to occur interactively with offspring factors, such as genotype. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is a plausible candidate for the early emergence of individual differences in temperament, especially negative emotionality, in combination with prenatal adversity. The focus in this study was on the 5-HTTLPR gene in the child and the interactive effects of this polymorphism and early childhood experience of the mother on the negative emotionality/behavioural regulation of the offspring. Offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation was not affected by this gene x environment interaction and only maternal postnatal depression was predictive of offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation. Although depression is known to influence mother-reports of infant temperament, offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation ratings remained stable between 18 and 36 months. Negative emotionality/behavioural regulation was also predictive of psychosocial impairments at 60 months, as assessed by both mothers and fathers, thereby confirming the impact of maternal depression on offspring temperament, over and above any bias reflected in the parental reports.
Les études épidémiologiques suggèrent que les événements négatifs survenus chez la mère lors de son enfance et/ou de sa grossesse sont associés à des difficultés autant au niveau comportemental qu'émotionnel plus tard dans la vie de l'enfant. Les impacts de ces événements négatifs sont également influencés par le génotype des enfants. Il est fort probable que les polymorphismes du transporteur de sérotonine (5-HTTLPR) influencent, de concert avec l'historique d'événements négatifs vécus par les mères, l'émergence des premières différences individuelles au niveau du tempérament des enfants, en particulier l'émotivité négative. Cette étude visait à déterminer les impacts du gène 5-HTTLPR chez les enfants, combinés aux impacts des expériences négatives vécues par les mères antérieurement à la grossesse, sur l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants. L'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants ne fut pas affectée par cette interaction gène x environnement et seule la dépression maternelle postnatale fut associée à l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants. Même s'il a été établi que la dépression affecte l'exactitude de l'évaluation que les mères font du tempérament de leurs enfants, l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement demeura stable entre 18 et 36 mois. De même, l'émotivité négative prédit les troubles psychosociaux des enfants à l'âge de 60 mois, tel qu'évalués tant par les mères que par les pères, confirmant, dès lors, que la dépression maternelle affecte bel et bien le tempérament des enfants.

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Eastin, Shiloh M. "An Evaluation of Sexual Victimization History and Psychological Adjustment on Sexual Health in Women." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002426.

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Sexual health is considered an important part of adult life. While there are many factors that could influence sexual health, one that is particularly relevant is a history of sexual assault. Sexual assault can have a bigger impact than just the development of physical sexual dysfunction, as many aspects of a person’s sexual health can be affected, including engagement of sexual risk-taking behaviors. Sexual assault can occur at all stages of development and, depending on the stage of development, can affect future sexual health. It is important to note that not all victims of sexual trauma see a decline in their sexual health. Trauma literature points to a quality referred to as resiliency as a buffer between their past experiences and present functioning. A theory of adjustment not well looked at in relation to sexual assault is psychological flexibility. Participants were undergraduate college females at a southern university recruited in introductory classes. All students received a link to an online survey that included 7 questionnaires. Multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships amongst all study variables. One way ANOVAs were conducted to compare the sexual health and psychological adjustment levels of participants with and without a victimization history. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate moderation effects of psychological adjustment on sexual health for victims and non-victims. Results indicated no significant differences between victim and 81 non-victim sexual health. Psychological inflexibility and risky sexual behaviors did differ dependent on victimization status. Neither psychological inflexibility nor resiliency was considered a predictor of sexual health, and neither moderated the relationship between sexual health and sexual victimization. The current study added support to some claims already seen within sexual assault and psychological flexibility literature. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

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Rigné, Eva Marie. "Profession, science and state : Psychology in Sweden 1968-1990." Doctoral thesis, Sociologiska institutionen, Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sweden, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51556.

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This dissertation consists of a case study of Swedish psychology during a specific period of time. It focuses psychology as a scientific discpline, as a professionalised occupation and as a cognitive resource for policy-making. From a general science studies perspective, it aims to provide a sociological and historical analysis of the development of psychological research, psychological practice and psychology's relation to social policy-making in key areas of the welfare state in general. The case study utilises discourse analysis, analysis of archival and documentary material, interviews and bibliometric analyses. It is argued that psychologists have changed their image from being primarily academics to being clinical practitioners whose expertise has moved from differential diagnostics to psychotherapy. Professional discourse has evolved similarly to that shown to be the case in other countries, drawing extensively on rhetorics of economics, humanitarianism and facilitation and control. A critical assessment of discourse analysis and constructionism is provided, arguing for a restricted application of constructionism in science studies. Further, professional action and organisation is analysed. It is argued that the professional project pursued by psychologists is characterised by power struggles within the profession, and is an outcome of adaptation to institutional demands stemming from the labour-market. It results in a pattern of professionalisation which deviates from what is hypothesised by much professionalisation theory. Psychology's role as a cognitive resource for social policy-making is analysed in relation to claims to decisive influence made by psychologists. It is argued that psychology has played a negligible role in key areas of policy-making. The case illustrates the politicisation of science rather than the scientization of policy-making. Finally, psychology's development as a a discipline is analysed. It is argued that the changes in the system of research and higher education illustrates the increasing influence of non-cognitive factors on disciplinary development. It has provided academic psychology with potential for growth but at the same time weakened its disciplinary core. Academic psychology has been more theoretically and methodologically diverse than is usually claimed, but a rivalling knowledge ideal to the traditional academic one has been introduced by sectorial research policy.

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Leachman, Lacey Loy. "INCREASED INCIDENCE OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH A HISTORY OF FAMILIAL INCARCERATION." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302008-100244/.

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This study examined risky sexual behaviors in college students with and without a history of familial incarceration. Researchers have studied some possible negative effects of parental incarceration such as aggression, but have not addressed consequences that may occur later in a childs life. In addition, until the current study, no one had examined coping styles as a possible mediator between parental incarceration and later outcomes. In this study, 771 college students completed an internet-based survey assessing history of familial incarceration, sexual behaviors, and coping skills. Students with a history of familial incarceration engaged in more risky sexual behaviors than other students. However, coping styles did not mediate the relationship between risky sexual behavior and history of parental or familial incarceration.

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Cukrowicz, Kelly C., Sarah L. Brown, Sean M. Mitchell, Jared F. Roush, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Feasibility of Assessing Suicide Ideation and History of Suicidal Behavior in Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12378.

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Suicide in rural areas has not received significant attention in the research literature to this point, although suicide rates are higher among adults and older adults in rural areas than in urban areas. The aims of the study were as follows: (1) establish the feasibility of assessing suicide ideation and history of suicidal behavior; (2) determine preliminary estimates of the prevalence of suicide ideation, and history of suicide attempts; and (3) examine the effectiveness and acceptability of safety and referral plans for individuals whose responses indicated elevated suicide risk, in rural communities with limited access to referral care. Participants were 96 adults aged 40 to 85 years old (M = 57.34, SD = 11.47) residing in West Texas. Our results indicate that 26% of participants endorsed a lifetime history of suicide ideation and/or suicide attempt(s) and 12.5% reported suicide ideation in the past year. In addition, 93.4% of participants reported that participation in our suicide-focused study was an excellent or good experience. Results suggest that individuals in rural communities are willing to talk about suicide, found the experience helpful, and were satisfied with the referral process.

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Madden, Gregory J. (Gregory Jude). "Effects of Single VI History on Human Concurrent VI VI Choice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500984/.

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Two groups of human subjects pressed buttons on five different variable-interval (VI) reinforcement schedules presented for seven minutes each for 15 sessions. At session 16, the same VI schedules were programmed concurrently in each session either with or without a 5 s changeover delay (COD). The same schedule-correlated stimuli were employed in single and concurrent conditions. Two other groups responded on concurrent VI VI conditions from the first session with or without the COD. Response allocations under concurrent scheduling better approximated relative reinforcement frequencies when the COD was programmed. Subjects with single VI histories failed to match response and time allocations to reinforcement ratios better than subjects given no such history. Bidirectional cumulative records are discussed as a molecular data analysis technique.

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Doi, Stephanie. "Collective Memory and History: An Examination of Perceptions of Accuracy and Preference for Biased “History” Passages." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1633.

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Collective memory is a socially shared representation of the past. History, contrastingly, strives to be an unbiased, objective, and critical account of the past. Many researchers have argued that the so-called “history” found in school textbooks and curriculums align more with collective memory; however, many individuals do not know of the pervasiveness of collective memory in supposed “history” texts. To examine perceptions of accuracy and preference of American “history” textbook passages, individuals from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n= 404) participated in an online study where they were randomly assigned to read one passage that was either negatively biased, neutral, or positively biased regarding the U.S. dropping the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Participants rated their emotional valence of the event and their perceptions of accuracy and preference for the passage. The results suggest that individuals perceive negatively biased passages as less accurate and less preferable, even if their emotional valence matches the bias within the text. Individuals also showed the hypothesized interaction for preference; those who perceived the event as not negative preferred the positive text to the neutral and negative texts. The findings support evidence that individuals are motivated to prefer history passages consistent with their attitudes and rate higher accuracy among positive and neutral texts. The results have broader implications on reporting or dismissing human rights violations within collective memory.

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Moolla, Shereen. "Parenting : risk and protective factors for mothers with a history of exposure to family violence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11124.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This study aimed to assess the influence of intimate partner violence and early childhood abuse on women’s current parenting, and to identify other factors which aid or interrupt positive parenting and how these factors might affect their children’s’ behaviour. Method: Women from the greater Cape Town region in South Africa who had a child between the ages of 3 and 8 years, and who were concerned about the behaviour of that child, were recruited from agencies in low-income contexts serving battered women or providing child care. Interviews were conducted with 203 women, and measures included the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Parent Stress Index, the General Health Questionnaire, International Child Abuse Screening Tool, the Parenting Sense of Competence, the Duke Support Scales and the Eyberg Child Behaviour Index.

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Ratliff, Ebony Burrell. "EFFECT OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANT'S HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AND PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS ON JUROR DECISION-MAKING." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07052007-133705/.

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This study investigated whether a defendant?s history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and/or personality disorder (PD) diagnosis affected juror decision-making in a child sexual abuse trial. The personality disorders in the study were borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). Participants were 186 college students who read a summary of the trial and then made various juror decisions. The defendant?s CSA history, alone or combined with PD diagnosis, did not affect guilt ratings or sentence recommendations, indicating that jurors did not automatically assume that a defendant who had been abused as a child was guilty (as an adult) of being an abuser. However, when the defendant had a PD diagnosis, there were higher guilt ratings than when there was no PD diagnosis. PD diagnosis was the best predictor of guilt ratings, suggesting that jurors perceive defendants more negatively if they have borderline or antisocial personality disorder.

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46

O'Neil, John Nolen. "The association of family history of coronary heart disease, sex, psychosocial vulnerability, and hostility among college students /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488192960170939.

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Rodríguez, Vivian M. "The Role of Family Organization in Family Health History Communication about Cancer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3201.

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Family health history (FHH) has been recognized as an important tool in cancer prevention and health promotion. To date, literature on FHH discussions about cancer have largely focused on patient-physician communication or the dissemination of cancer-specific genetic tests results within the family. Fewer studies have sought to identify family factors that may promote FHH discussions, yet this type of information could be used to identify families needing support in having these conversations. Thus, the present study examined relations between family organization (cohesion and flexibility), communication openness, and FHH communication about cancer within a diverse group of women recruited from an urban, safety-net women's health clinic. Participants were enrolled in a randomized control trial examining the effects of an educational intervention on family communication about hereditary breast and colon cancers (Kin Fact Study). For the present study, baseline survey data for 472 women were analyzed. Participants completed measures on demographics, family organization, communication openness, and FHH communication. Average age was 34 years and 59% reported being Black. Thirty-one percent had graduated high school and 28% reported having commercial health insurance. Seventy-five percent of women reported a family history of cancer in a first or second degree relative. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple linear regression and hierarchical logistic regressions, adjusting for key factors, were performed. Nineteen percent of women actively collected FHH information about cancer and 11% reported actively sharing cancer risk information with relatives. Being older, having a greater educational attainment, and having a family history of cancer was associated with having collected FHH; while being older and reporting higher levels of cohesion/flexibility was associated with sharing cancer risk information. Adjusting for demographic variables, cohesion, flexibility, and openness were not significant predictors of collecting or sharing FHH. Family history of cancer did not moderate the relationship between family organization and FHH. Cohesion and flexibility levels did significantly predict communication openness. This study contributes to a small but emergent literature in the field of FHH communication about cancer as it explores family context factors that may aid in the development of prevention interventions. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Aguilera, Carolina. "Effects of reinforcement history for following rules on sensitivity to contingencies of reinforcement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1764.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-56).

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Lang, Brent Alan. "Intention to employ behavioral tactics to moderate gambling: Effects of gambling history and imagined mood." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1559858094441664.

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Boudewijnse, Geert-Jan A. "The gestalt line /." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41987.

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The thesis specifies how Franz Brentano inspired some of his students and how those students, in their turn, influenced the next generation of psychologists. After outlining the essentials of Aristotle's psychology, the thesis explains some general positions that Brentano borrowed from Aristotle. It goes on to relate Brentano's concepts of 'presentation,' 'unity of consciousness,' and 'difference between the mental and physical,' as well as his call for a 'science of the mind' to ideas of Christian von Ehrenfels, Carl Stumpf and Alexius Meinong.
Ehrenfels thought that a mental element, which he named gestalt quality, explains why a string of presentations has a certain form. The thesis then looks at a book of Edgar Rubin, even though Rubin was not a student of Brentano. His experiments that demonstrated the figure-ground phenomenon, however, were well known to the Berlin gestalt school. My analysis of Ehrenfels also sheds light on Rubin's theory, a theory that the Berlin gestalt school seemed to have overlooked, perhaps because Rubin's findings fit so well into their own notions.
Stumpf developed his theory of how presentations form a unity partly in rejection of Aristotle's notion of substance. His theory grounds his criticism of associationism. Stumpf's students, however, would not accept his dualistic view, but they would benefit from the experimental methods that he developed and taught them. Stumpf adapted his theory in response to his students' work, and that version formed the basis of his objections against their explanations.
Meinong's theory of how presentations are united was inspired by the Scholastics, and his students would render it into a psychological format. It is as a review of that latter work that the Berlin gestalt school presented its gestalt notion for the first time in mature form.
The conclusion very briefly reiterates Brentano's influence. It also contains some general observations regarding the diversity among the gestalt notions, the wide scope of the gestalt authors, and their zeal for the pursuit of pure scientific knowledge.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychology – History'

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