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Journal articles on the topic 'Psychology of addiction'
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Turel, Ofir, Qinghua He, Gui Xue, Lin Xiao, and Antoine Bechara. "Examination of Neural Systems Sub-Serving Facebook “Addiction”." Psychological Reports 115, no. 3 (December 2014): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/18.pr0.115c31z8.
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Because addictive behaviors typically result from violated homeostasis of the impulsive (amygdala-striatal) and inhibitory (prefrontal cortex) brain systems, this study examined whether these systems sub-serve a specific case of technology-related addiction, namely Facebook “addiction.” Using a go/no-go paradigm in functional MRI settings, the study examined how these brain systems in 20 Facebook users ( M age = 20.3 yr., SD = 1.3, range = 18–23) who completed a Facebook addiction questionnaire, responded to Facebook and less potent (traffic sign) stimuli. The findings indicated that at least at the examined levels of addiction-like symptoms, technology-related “addictions” share some neural features with substance and gambling addictions, but more importantly they also differ from such addictions in their brain etiology and possibly pathogenesis, as related to abnormal functioning of the inhibitory-control brain system.
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Tomei, Alexander, Joseph Studer, and Gerhard Gmel. "Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00035.
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AbstractBackground and aimsSocial determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.MethodsA sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.ResultsCompared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.Discussion and conclusionsA better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.
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Kleszczewska-Albińska, Angelika. "Selected cognitive-behavioural models of behavioural addictions." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2022.0002.
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The paper discusses behavioural addiction in the context of cognitive-behavioural model of therapy. Behavioural addiction can be diagnosed based on the six main criteria: (1) preoccupation with activity, (2) mood modification resulting from involvement in behaviour, (3) increased level of tolerance for the addictive activity, (4) withdrawal symptoms, (5) increased number of conflicts, and (6) relapses. According to research conducted in a representative sample of Polish population aged 15 years and older, the most popular behavioural addictions in our country include workaholism, shopaholism, internet addiction, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and gambling. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for behavioural addictions. This approach is based mostly on Beck’s and Ellis’s traditional models. The models of cognitive-behavioural therapy include identification of early maladaptive experiences resulting in negative core beliefs. They also refer to psychopathological factors that were developed later in lifetime. Furthermore, they incorporate description of negative automatic thoughts that trigger addictive behaviours, and allow to observe the vicious circle and entanglement in addictive activity, which initially perceived as a way for reducing the tension, used in excess contributes to increased individual’s discomfort. Cognitive-behavioural therapy in behaviourally addicted patients usually includes an analysis of four phases: (1) antecedent phase, (2) triggering phase, (3) the phase of satisfying the needs connected to the addiction, and (4) the phase following the accomplishment of the addictive behaviour. Cognitive-behavioural therapy includes various methods of work based on the knowledge about cognitive processes. Interventions in this approach are structuralised and limited in time. There are three basic phases of cognitive-behavioural therapy: (1) behaviour modification, (2) cognitive restructuring, and (3) harm reduction.
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Linnet, Jakob. "A bio-psycho-social approach to addiction." Psyke & Logos 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v26i1.8199.
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Welcome to this special issue of Psyke & Logos, which focuses on addictions. Several journals are dedicated to the issue of addictions (e.g. Addiction, Addictive Behaviors, and Psychology of Addictive Behaviors), yet little attention has been dedicated to the concept of addictions and the addictive component in different types of addictive behavior. Since the 60s and the 70s with the introduction and wide spread use of substances such as cannabis and opiates, there has been an increase in the multitude of substances used for recreational (i.e. non-medical) purposes including the use of cocaine and amphetamine in the 80s and 90s and so-called »designer drugs« such as ecstasy in the new millennium. At the same time, we’ve seen concerns ‘addictive behaviors’, particularly among children, associated with technological developments ranging from the use of comic books in the 60s and 70s, to the use of video films in the 80s, the use of video games in the 90s and the use of the internet and mobile phones in the new millennium. A third development is the efforts of information and reduction of health risking behavior. Most noticeably, probably, is the perceptual and behavioral changes related with tobacco use, which has resulted in a reduction of the total number of smokers as well as a reduction of smoking in public places. Other areas which have received attention in later years is eating disorders (both anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and over eating (binge eating)), as well as the efforts to inform about risk behavior of alcohol consumption among youths. The Psyke & Logos conference held on January 28, 2005 has the focus of comparing different types of addictive behavior in a conglomerate of clinical manifestations. The papers produced from the conference together with the invited papers for this issue, all present different aspects of addictive behavior, and have been chosen to provide the reader with insights into the different types of behaviors as well as different disciplinary approaches to understanding and treating addictive behavior. The papers are divided into three main categories: 1.) Approaches to addiction, 2.) New types of addiction, and 3.) Treatment of addiction.
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Moreno-Flórez, Daniel. "The Preponderance of Psychic Elements in Drug Addiction." Psychoanalytic Review 107, no. 5 (October 2020): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2020.107.5.473.
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The clinical perspective used to understand a patient with an addiction affects the course of treatment and the possibilities for recovery. Positivist and pharmacological models have become popular in the treatment of addictions. These models claim that addiction is primarily a pharmacological occurrence and privilege the biochemical effects of specific substances over the intrapsychic conflict of the patient in order to justify the phenomenology of addiction. Although psychoanalytic approaches have been previously used to treat addictive patients, they have frequently been considered unsuitable and inadequate for such cases. The author's purpose is to use the scope that psychoanalytic comprehension provides to examine the subject who is addicted in relation to his or her maturational development; considering the roles played by pleasure, ego defects, and defensive behavior, derived from case vignettes, in order to illustrate the role of intrapsychic life in the maintaining of an addiction.
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Bartsalkina, V. V., O. O. Moiseev, E. V. Tretyak, and E. V. Hromysheva. "Rehabilitation Potential of Socio-psychological Support for Families with Alcohol or Drug Addiction Problems." Психологическая наука и образование 27, no. 6 (2022): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2022270611.
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<p>The rehabilitation potential of socio-psychological maintenance for families with problems of chemical addictions is proposed here to be considered as a resource for overcoming real addictions. The relevance of this study is due to actual need for developing a basic approach – the strong scientific evidence-based substantiation of the organization of psychological assistance to concrete family with problems of alcohol and/or drug addiction ones. The simultaneous existence of such problem of addictive behavior and personality deformation under global influence of psychoactive substances use, together with the phenomenon of co-dependent behavior, was shown here. As a result, the entire family system suffers, and patterns of negative behavior are formed among all other family members. The need for namely comprehensive consideration of this family problem is confirmed. As the author's experience, the effectiveness of maintenance-working with families with alcohol addiction in the ANO “Center for Social and Psychological Support of People with Alcohol, Drug and Other Types of Addiction "Goal (Moscow) is considered here.</p>
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Wise, Roy A., and Mykel A. Robble. "Dopamine and Addiction." Annual Review of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103337.
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Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal symptoms. Such addictions can also be defined in terms of the brain mechanisms they activate; most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Animals unable to synthesize or use dopamine lack the conditioned reflexes discussed by Pavlov or the appetitive behavior discussed by Craig; they have only unconditioned consummatory reflexes. Burst discharges (phasic firing) of dopamine-containing neurons are necessary to establish long-term memories associating predictive stimuli with rewards and punishers. Independent discharges of dopamine neurons (tonic or pacemaker firing) determine the motivation to respond to such cues. As a result of habitual intake of addictive drugs, dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards.
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Hodgson, Ray. "Psychology and Addiction." Addiction 82, no. 4 (April 1987): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01489.x.
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Wanigaratne, Shamil. "Psychology of addiction." Psychiatry 5, no. 12 (December 2006): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.mppsy.2006.09.007.
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MacCoun, Robert J. "Is melioration the addiction theory of choice?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043144.
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AbstractHeyman makes a convincing case that a melioration choice strategy is sufficient to produce addictive behavior. But given a plethora of addiction theories, the question is whether melioration theory is superior to rivals more sophisticated than a simple disease model or operant conditioning account. Heyman offers little direct evidence that melioration actually causes the addictions we observe.
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Asieieva, Yuliia, Svitllana Kirsho, Larysa Akimova, Olena Bogach, and Natalia Kovalska. "Demonstration of Inclination to Suicide, Anxiety, and Depression among Young People with Cyber Addiction." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.1/507.
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Summary. Analysis of the literature on the issue of formation of different types of cyber addiction indicates its interdisciplinary nature, regarded as part of Psychiatry, Narcology, medical, developmental, differential, and psychology for special needs. The problem of cyber-addiction is currently important, a relatively young field of scientific knowledge and requires further study. The aim is to analyze empirically obtained data on the demonstration of inclination to suicide, anxiety and depression among young people with cyber-addiction. Research hypothesis. Cyber-addictions are one of the types of non-chemical addictions that cause changes in the mental states of the individual. Having identified certain mental states that are characteristic of young people suffering from cyber-addictions, it will be possible to develop adequate psycho-correctional measures for them. Methods: bibliographic, historical, psychodiagnostic, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the results, it was found that among those who demonstrate propensity for cyber-addictions, the indicators of medium and high degree of anxiety predominate, and among people who do not show manifestations of addictive behavior, the level of anxiety is mostly low. None of the respondents had a high degree of depression. Given the gender characteristics, it is possible to note that females are more prone to depressive states than males. When analyzing the results of the study on suicidal tendencies, it was found that among those who do not show propensity to addictive behavior, no respondents were identified who would demonstrate a manifest inclination to suicide. Among those who have manifestations of cyber-addictions, the study has a manifest tendency to commit suicide in the largest number – among girls in the age group of 16 to 18; in all other major groups’ indicators do not exceed 10%. The highest rates in the main groups of examined people were found in the category of possible suicidal tendencies in critical situations.
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Anderson, Murray. "Book Review of “Addiction Counseling Today: Substance and Addictive Behaviors”." Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 55, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47634/cjcp.v55i1.70863.
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The issue of addictions and treatment has been increasingly prioritized by policy-makers in recent years, yet the meaning of the concept remains ambiguous. Throughout the 22 chapters of his book Addiction Counseling Today, Kevin G. Alderson weaves together the most salient theories, research, and therapies from the field of addiction and from contemporary developments in policy and practice. The book examines what the tenets of recovery and treatment mean in terms of not only the professional involved in providing treatment but also what recovery looks like for each client. Chapters cover the influence of ethics in treatment, theories of addiction, the neurosciences, and the recognition of behavioural addictions, including the controversies attached to the use of particular labels. A notable strength involves the author’s inclusion of the lived experiences of those who have dealt with various addictions. This book will be essential reading for practitioners, researchers, policy-makers, and students in the fields of addiction, social care, psychology, and criminal justice.
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Touloupis, Thanos, and Christina Athanasiades. "Internet addiction among psychology students: the role of resilience and perceived economic hardship." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 27, no. 1 (July 21, 2022): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psyhps.30840.
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The present study aimed to investigate internet addiction among psychology students, as well as the role of resilience and perceived economic hardship in the manifestation of the phenomenon. The study involved 252 students (233 women, 19 men) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. They completed a self-report questionnaire, which included a short version of a scale on resilience (The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - CD-RISC), a scale on perceived economic hardship (Economic Hardship Questionnaire), and a scale on Internet Addiction (Internet Addiction Test). The results showed that students of Psychology, regardless of their academic year, make above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use displaying indicative behaviors (e.g., uncontrollable internet use, neglect of social life). Furthermore, based on the path analysis models, it seemed that students’ resilience is a negative predictor of above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use (and their indicative behaviors). An indirect positive predictive relationship was also found between students’ perceived economic hardship and their above-average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use (and their indicative behaviors) through their sense of resilience. The findings emphasize the need to implement preventive counselling actions within university campuses to engender a safe internet culture among students and strengthen their sense of resilience, especially in a period of recovery from economic crisis.
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Viens, A. M. "Addiction, Responsibility and Moral Psychology." American Journal of Bioethics 7, no. 1 (February 2007): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160601064033.
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Gawin, F. "Cocaine addiction: psychology and neurophysiology." Science 251, no. 5001 (March 29, 1991): 1580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2011738.
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Babaei, Shirzad, Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani, and Behrooz Birashk. "A Comparative Study on Emotional Regulation in Males With Internet Addiction, Food Addiction, Opioid Dependence and Normal Peers." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2325.2.
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Objectives: Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component in the pathology of different types of addiction and its evaluation can be helpful in understanding and treating these difficulties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate emotional regulation in people with opioid dependence (heroin and opium), food addiction, and internet addiction compared to normal people. Methods: This is a causal- comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible male addicts selected using a purposive sampling method and divided into four groups of 30 including drug addiction, food addiction, internet addiction, and control. Semi-structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, Yale Food Addiction Scale, and Young’s Internet Addiction Test were used to diagnose the addictions. Then the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was completed. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Overall DERS score and the score of its subscales were higher in all three addiction groups compared to the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the three addiction groups in subscales of “unwillingness to accept certain emotional responses” and “difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior”, but a significant difference between the three addiction groups was observed in subscales of “difficulty controlling impulse”, “lack of emotional awareness”, “lack of access to strategies”, “lack of emotional clarity”, and overall DERS score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Men with opioid dependence, internet addiction and food addiction have more difficulties in emotional regulation compared to their normal peers. Emotional regulation ability in men with internet addiction is greater than in those with food and opioid addictions.
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Geel, André, Robert Brooks, and Karim Dar. "The efficacy of Addiction Recovery Monitoring and Support (ARMS) in recovery-model addictions intervention." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 328 (April 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2020.1.328.30.
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Addiction is conceptualised as a chronic condition that requires sustained, potentially costly, intervention. This article reports on the implementation of Addiction Recovery Monitoring and Support (ARMS), a cost-effective telephone-based aftercare service, introduced in Clinical Psychology Forum in 2012.
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Dubatova, Irina Vladimirovna, and Andrey Viktorovich Antsyborov. "Tell me your IP address, and I will tell who you are. Issues of diagnosis of Internet addiction: illness, disorder, or fiction?" Interactive science, no. 6 (40) (June 21, 2019): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-497332.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the problem of Internet addiction, which includes the following issues: the boundaries of diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, epidemiology data, neurobiological studies, comorbidity, existing approaches to therapy. In the past of two decades, there was an increase in publications devoted to the phenomenon of Internet addiction. Despite the existing disagreements in the professional environment about the validity of the very concept of «Internet addiction», every year there was several studies in the field of neurobiology, psychology, clinical psychiatry, proving that Internet addiction is a particular variant of behavioral addictive disorders. In the recent years, Internet addiction has gained special significance in a number of Asian countries (China, South Korea), where this type of pathology is becoming a national problem among young people.
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Youngman, Jason, and Duncan Simpson. "Risk for Exercise Addiction: A Comparison of Triathletes Training for Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-Distance Triathlons." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 8, no. 1 (March 2014): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0010.
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Researchers have noted that when taken to an excessive level, exercise may become addictive. This study investigated the risk of exercise addiction for triathletes using the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI; Terry, Szabo, & Griffths, 2004). The sample consisted of 1,285 male and female triathletes, ranging in age from 18–70 years old. Results indicated that approximately 20% of triathletes are at risk for exercise addiction, and that training for longer distance races (i.e., Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman) puts triathletes at greater risk for exercise addiction than training for shorter races (i.e., Sprint). No significant association was found between the risk for exercise addiction and the number of years of participating. However, as the number of weekly training hours increased, so did a triathlete’s risk for exercise addiction. At-risk triathletes need greater clinical attention, and further research should be conducted to help clinicians develop awareness and appropriate interventions.
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Kaptalan, N. M. "DEPENDENT PERSONALITY BEHAVIOR AS A PROBLEM OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY." PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK, no. 1(51) (June 15, 2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-0409.2020.1(51).225413.
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In the conditions of modern social and social transformations, various manifestations of addictive behavior, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling, eating disorders and others, have significantly increased.The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of development of the problem of dependent behavior of the individual and the selection of the main socio-personal determinants of this phenomenon. It is shown that the specifics of modern social life of the individual, psycho-emotional loads, incomplete and individual problems and other aspects of subjective space provoke states of internal tension and discomfort, significantly increase the constant psychological pressure felt by the subject, which is realized in violations eating behavior. The purpose of the article is to consider the main approaches to dependent personality behavior In today’s world, the problem of addictive behavior is one of the most difficult and difficult for society. It is extremely important for every state to have such a community, which would consist of people who are developed, intelligent, have goals and understand how to achieve them. Summarizing the scientific material on different types of addictive behavior, we can, firstly, divide them into socially acceptable and socially unacceptable types, and secondly, chemical and non-chemical, noting that food addiction occupies an intermediate place. Analyzing the existing scientific material, we can say that addictive behavior is not only a purely medical, but also a social and cultural problem of modern society.
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Minyurova, S. A., O. V. Kruzhkova, I. V. Vorobyeva, and A. I. Matveeva. "For citation: Minyurova S. A., Kruzhkova O. V., Vorobyeva I. V., Matveeva A. I. Addictive behaviour of adolescents and young men in the education system: Review of psychological and pedagogical research." Education and science journal 24, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 84–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-6-84-121.
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Introduction. Addictive behaviour of students today is one of the most acute problems of the education system. Not only chemical addiction leads to serious problems, but also social networks, smartphones, gaming addictions lead to a significant decrease in the level of physical and mental health of adolescents and young men, socio-psychological maladaptation in society, violation of their psychological well-being and in critical cases – the development of suicidal risks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the experience in psychological and pedagogical research in the field of addictive behaviour with the generalisation of methodological approaches and empirical results has not been conducted yet (although such review studies are present in relation to general and specific issues of addictive behaviour, its spread in individual countries or geographical regions, the role of the family, etc.). At the same time, such studies are necessary to ensure a complete understanding of the problem from the perspective of the educational organisation and the possibilities of the educational environment in the prevention of the spread of addictive behaviour among students.Aim. The aim of the study was to review and systematise international research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students.Methodology and research methods. The selection of scientific publications in the international scientometric database Scopus was carried out for inclusion in the review with search depth from 2011 to the present. The authors used the following keywords complexes for the search: “addiction&school”, “addictive behaviour&school”, “drug&school”, “alcohol&school”, “tobacco&school”, “internet addiction&school”, “gambling&school”. The specified word complexes such as “article title, short description, keywords” were included in the search section. Additional search restrictions were the type of articles (reviews, article); the chosen field of science was “Psychology” and an additional keyword was “adolescent”. After analysis the final list of selected publications amounted to 246 works.Results. The results of the study made it possible to systematise scientific publications and identify trends in the consideration of addictive behaviour in psychological and pedagogical research in the education system. Thus, it was revealed that the definition of addictive behaviour has a specific interpretation in relation to the concept of dependent behaviour. Behavioural manifestations of addictive behaviour in chemical and behavioural addictions have similar characteristics, whereas personal predictors, which determine the propensity of students to choose this deviation, may have ambivalent characteristics depending on the chosen form of addictive behaviour. At the same time, the forms of addictive behaviour of students in the educational environment are diverse and include both chemical addictions (smoking, alcohol and drug addiction) and behavioural variants of addictive behaviour (Internet addiction and dependence on video and computer games). At the same time, any of the listed addictions individually, or taking into account their combined nature, leads to a decrease in the success of training and unsatisfactory academic performance of students. In addition, difficulties in learning and interacting with other subjects of the educational environment may (among other things) be a factor stimulating the emergence of addictive behaviour as a form of care or compensation. Prevention of addictive behaviour, as a rule, is based on informing about the negative consequences of addictions, but it can take into account both the peculiarities of social behaviour and learning of adolescents and young men, as well as their personal characteristics, which act as zones of vulnerability for the development of addiction.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors systematised scientific research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students, taking into account current trends in the spread of both chemical and non-chemical addictions, as well as their combined nature of distribution among adolescents and young men.Practical significance. The practical significance is due to the potential possibilities of using the data obtained to organise effective prophylactic work for preventing the development of addictive behaviour among students within the framework of the educational process in an educational organisation, taking into account international experience and psychological and pedagogical basis.
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Gullo, Matthew J., Andrew P. Wood, and John B. Saunders. "Criteria for the establishment of a new behavioural addiction •." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 11, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00031.
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Abstract When does repeated behaviour constitute behavioural addiction? There has been considerable debate about non-substance-related addictions and how to determine when impaired control over a behaviour is addiction. There are public health benefits to identifying new behavioural addictions if intervention can improve outcomes. However, criteria for establishing new behavioural addictions must guard against diagnostic inflation and the pathologizing of normal problems of living. Criteria should include clinical relevance (Criterion 1), alignment with addiction phenomenology (Criterion 2) and theory (Criterion 3), and taxonomic plausibility (Criterion 4). Against such criteria, evidence does not yet support classification of pornography-use and buying-shopping disorders as addictions.
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Cugowski, Mikołaj. "Diagnostic Issues in Cases of Juvenile with Substance Abuse Problem in Forensic Psychology Field." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0070.
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Abstract The article deals with the issues related to the recently-increasing problem of addiction to psychoactive substances in the context of the process of demoralization and offenses committed by minors. By making a scientific and research analysis of the phenomenon, the author looks for risk factors for juveniles falling into the mechanism of addiction, with particular emphasis on the conditions of the family environment. The article is based on theories and reports from international scientific research of the discipline compared to the research carried out directly by the author and the results obtained. The study group consisted of 54 juveniles selected on the basis of research at the Family Diagnostic and Consultative Centers at the District Court in Katowice, where the author works as a specialist in forensic psychology. The research examined the relationship between the intensification of the addiction problem and such variable groups as: intellectual development, educational conditions, conditions of family socialization, social relations, manifestations of demoralization in teenage periods, current life circumstances and psychological variables. The application allows to show particularly important factors to be taken into account in the diagnostic process, as well as to answer the key question: whether the statistical addiction of adolescent addictions is a manifestation of their demoralization or is the main factor and consequence of criminal activities.
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Schneider, Jennifer P. "Addiction is Addiction is Addiction." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 12, no. 2-3 (April 2005): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720160500201322.
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Borchardt, Jamie, and Danielle Casilio. "Addictive behaviors: An analysis of support type and relapse rates among college students." International Journal of Modern Education Studies 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2021.59.
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Addictions can be classified as any substance, habit or behavior that one has come to heavily depend upon. This can include a variety of habits or behaviors outside of the traditional illicit drug realm. We identified compulsions related to non-illicit or habitual addictions to determine if relapse rates are negatively correlated with positive or negative support. We used a mixed-methods design that examined 24 undergraduate psychology students who attended a rural state university. Participants were asked to give up an addictive substance or habit of their choice for 30 days, and keep a journal during this time. In addition to investigating data using qualitative measures, two independent samples t-tests found that there were significant differences between relapse rates and support levels, p= 0.002, and relapse rates and gender p=.011.Keywords: Non-illicit, addiction, relapse, positive support, negative support
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Bechara, Antoine, Kent C. Berridge, Warren K. Bickel, Jose A. Morón, Sidney B. Williams, and Jeffrey S. Stein. "A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction." Psychological Science in the Public Interest 20, no. 2 (October 2019): 96–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100619860513.
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Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do some people who use drugs seem to eventually become unable to resist drug temptation and so become “addicted”? We will review the theories of addiction that address negative-reinforcement views of drug use (i.e., taking opioids to alleviate distress or withdrawal), positive-reinforcement views (i.e., taking drugs for euphoria), habit views (i.e., growth of automatic drug-use routines), incentive-sensitization views (i.e., growth of excessive “wanting” to take drugs as a result of dopamine-related sensitization), and cognitive-dysfunction views (i.e., impaired prefrontal top-down control), including those involving competing neurobehavioral decision systems (CNDS), and the role of the insula in modulating addictive drug craving. In the special case of opioids, particular attention is paid to whether their analgesic effects overlap with their reinforcing effects and whether the perceived low risk of taking legal medicinal opioids, which are often prescribed by a health professional, could play a role in the decision to use. Specifically, we will address the issue of predisposition or vulnerability to becoming addicted to drugs (i.e., the question of why some people who experiment with drugs develop an addiction, while others do not). Finally, we review attempts to develop novel therapeutic strategies and policy ideas that could help prevent opioid and other substance abuse.
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Griffiths, Mark. "Psychology of Computer Use: XLIII. Some Comments on ‘Addictive Use of the Internet’ by Young." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.81.
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This paper adds further comments to a case description by Young on addictive use of the Internet. Brief comments relating to the Internet as a behaviourial addiction and the problem of to what users are actually addicted, are discussed.
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von Deneen, Karen M., Hadi Hussain, Junaid Waheed, Wen Xinwen, Dahua Yu, and Kai Yuan. "Comparison of frontostriatal circuits in adolescent nicotine addiction and internet gaming disorder." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00086.
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Abstract Background Recently, there has been significantly increased participation in online gaming and other addictive behaviors particularly in adolescents. Tendencies to avoid social interaction and become more involved in technology-based activities pose the danger of creating unhealthy addictions. Thus, the presence of relatively immature cognitive control and high risk-taking properties makes adolescence a period of major changes leading to an increased rate of emotional disorders and addiction. Aims The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits in addiction have become the primary focus associated with reward in the striatum and cognitive control in the PFC. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and nicotine addiction are currently becoming more and more serious. Methods In the light of neuroimaging, the similarity between brain mechanisms causing substance use disorder (SUD) and IGD have been described in previous literature. Results In particular, two distinct brain systems affect the way we act accounting for uncharacteristic neural function in addiction: the affective system comprises of the striatum driven by emotional, reward-related, and internal stimuli, and a cognitive system consisting of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supporting the ventral affective system's actions via inhibitory control. Discussion and Conclusion Therefore, as a novel concept, we focused on the implication of frontostriatal circuits in nicotine addiction and IGD by reviewing the main findings from our studies compared to those of others. We hope that all of these neuroimaging findings can lead to effective intervention and treatment for addiction especially during this critical period.
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Qiu, Zeguo, and Junjing Wang. "Altered neural activities during response inhibition in adults with addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 51, no. 3 (February 2021): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721000362.
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AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature has extensively investigated the brain activity during response inhibition in adults with addiction. Inconsistent results including both hyper- and hypo-activities in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and the ventral attention network (VAN) have been found in adults with addictions, compared with healthy controls (HCs).MethodsVoxel-wise meta-analyses of abnormal task-evoked regional activity were conducted for adults with substance dependence (SD) and behavioral addiction during response inhibition tasks to solve previous inconsistencies. Twenty-three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies including 479 substance users, 38 individuals with behavioral addiction and 494 HCs were identified.ResultsCompared with HCs, all addictions showed hypo-activities in regions within FPN (inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) and VAN (inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, temporal pole and insula), and hyper-activities in the cerebellum during response inhibition. SD subgroup showed almost the same activity patterns, with an additional hypoactivation of the precentral gyrus, compared with HCs. Stronger activation of the cerebellum was associated with longer addiction duration for adults with SD. We could not conduct meta-analytic investigations into the behavioral addiction subgroup due to the small number of datasets.ConclusionThis meta-analysis revealed altered activation of FPN, VAN and the cerebellum in adults with addiction during response inhibition tasks using non-addiction-related stimuli. Although FPN and VAN showed lower activity, the cerebellum exhibited stronger activity. These results may help to understand the neural pathology of response inhibition in addiction.
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Beni, Fabio. "Tossicodipendenze, psicoanalisi e complessitŕ: la dissociazione farmaco-indotta." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 4 (November 2009): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2009-004004.
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- Drug addictions are understood, within a perspective of interpersonal psychoanalysis, taking into consideration dissociative mechanisms within a framework inspired by nonlinear dynamics theories. Considering the present situation in which psychoanalytic therapy is almost excluded from the treatment of drug addictions, in an attempt of resuming a dialogue with psychoanalysis it is assumed that drug addiction are the driving force of a particular dissociative mechanism. The perturbation connected in a nonlinear way to the effect of the drug originates and preserves a dissociative process, depicted through the concept of self-organization, an idea adopted from complexity theory. Drug addiction would therefore be especially sensitive to those psychotherapeutic approaches, such as interpersonal psychoanalysis, that emphasize the concept of dissociation.
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Bickel, Warren K., and Richard Yi. "Addiction science as a hedgehog and as a fox." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004779.
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AbstractRedish et al. provide a significant advance in our understanding of addiction by showing that the various addictive processes are in fact all decision-making processes and each may undergird addiction. We propose means for identifying more central addiction processes. This recognition of the complexity of addiction followed by identification of more central processes would help guide the development of prevention and treatment.
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Gawin, Frank H. "Correction: Cocaine Addiction: Psychology and Neuropsychology." Science 253, no. 5019 (August 2, 1991): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5019.494.f.
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Gullickson, Terri, and Pamela Ramser. "Review of The Psychology of Addiction." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 4 (April 1996): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/002924.
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Amundsen, Arvid. "Contributions to the psychology of addiction." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 7, no. 1 (1993): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164x.7.1.76.
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Saunders, Bill. "Addiction behaviour: the challenge of psychology." Drug and Alcohol Review 9, no. 2 (April 1990): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239000185141.
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Martínez-Martínez, Francisco Daniel, Higinio González-García, and Joaquín González-Cabrera. "Student’s social networks profiles: Psychological needs, self-concept, and intention to be physically active." Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual 30, no. 3 (December 9, 2022): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51668/bp.8322310n.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to identify social networks addiction profiles and whether there is a relationship with basic psychological needs, self-concept and intention to be physically active. The participants were 276 Spanish University Students (115 men and 161 women, Mage= 28.47; SD= 8.65) from 10 different universities through incidental sampling. Two profiles were found: a profile characterized by high scores in addiction symptoms, social usage, geek treats and nomophobia; a profile characterized by extremely high scores in addiction symptoms, social usage, geek treats and nomophobia. Results revealed significant differences between the profiles in autonomy, competence, and emotional self-concept. The second profile revealed higher scores in the aforementioned variables and showed lower age in their participants (M= 25.69; SD= 6.93) in comparison with the high social network profile (M= 30.10; SD= 9.15). The presence of important levels of addiction symptoms in both profiles of the sample suggests that interventions should be conducted to prevent the maladaptive outcomes of addictions in social media.
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Luppicini, Rocci, and Sameera Alotaibi. "A Systematic Research Review of Internet Addiction and Identity." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2021010101.
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A small but growing body of research documents how internet misuse can lead to negative outcomes for individuals. One particularly important area of public concern is the connection between addictive internet usage and human identity. This study addressed the connection between excessive internet use on real-world and virtual-world identity. This systematic research review synthesized research studies conducted between 2008 to 2018 on the influence of internet addiction on identity. Findings revealed that the majority of published studies focused on young individuals aged 9-30 years old (89%) and that the connection between excessive internet use on real-world identity and virtual-world identity was complex and multi-faceted. Online gaming addiction was identified as a leading theme within the published research (30%). Based on study findings, recommendations are made for greater future research attention to internet addiction among adults, comprehensive studies of the relationship between online and offline identity to internet addiction, and the inclusion of internet addiction as a multifaceted disorder in future editions of DSM, which includes online gaming addiction among other forms of online addiction.
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Körkel, Joachim. "Treating patients with multiple substance use in accordance with their personal treatment goals: a new paradigm for addiction treatment." Drugs and Alcohol Today 21, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-10-2020-0065.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the theoretical foundation and practical approach of “open-target addiction treatment” (OTAT). Traditional treatment programmes are usually-oriented towards fixed predefined goals (abstinence, reduced consumption and harm reduction) and often focus on one substance only (e.g. alcohol). However, as a rule, people who use drugs consume several substances and sometimes additionally exhibit behavioural addictions. For many of these addictions, there is more or less motivation for change, but commonly it is not abstinence as a consistent goal. The paradigm of OTAT systematically considers multi-substance use, expects high readiness to change and is aware that commonly clients lack the willingness to abstain permanently. Design/methodology/approach The theory and practice of OTAT involve three components, namely, first, to create a systematic inventory of all psychoactive substances consumed and addictive behaviours performed, second, to clarify, which substance-related change goals clients pursue and third, to choose adequate treatment options matching the substance-specific goals of the clients. Furthermore, OTAT includes didactic tools to support working along with these three steps (e.g. a set of cards to gain an overview over the psychoactive substances used and addictive behaviours performed). Findings The systematic implementation of OTAT requires fundamentally different concepts about addiction and its treatment, specific competencies of the staff and a corresponding portfolio of interventions within the treatment facilities. Research limitations/implications Future research should focus more on patients’ goal preferences and their impact on their willingness to take up treatment and its outcomes. Practical implications To implement OTAT treatment, institutions have to undergo a systematic process of team and organizational development. Social implications OTAT has the potential to reduce the treatment gap and to serve severely addicted individuals in a more comprehensive way. Originality/value The OTAT approach has not been described in the addiction treatment literature so far.
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Robinson, Terry E., and Kent C. Berridge. "Addiction." Annual Review of Psychology 54, no. 1 (February 2003): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237.
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Shakun, E. U., A. M. Lanovaya, and Fadeeva E. V. Fadeeva. "Addiction and Problematic Internet Use among Girls and Young Women: Prevalence, Main Features and Measures (A Review of Russian Studies)." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 30, no. 2 (2022): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300204.
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Introduction. The article provides data on the prevalence of internet-addicted behavior. Aims. The purpose of the article is to analyze studies devoted to addiction and problematic use of the Internet among girls and young women in the Russian Federation. Methods. The review is based on national researches and international monitoring projects, which include analysis of the situation in Russia. Results. The key gender features of Internet addiction, specific to girls and young women, mentioned in the article are: vulnerability to the formation of Internet addictive behavior in the presence of emotional distress signs (alexithymia, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety); more pronounced manifestations of addictive behavior, including compulsive symptoms, withdrawal symptoms and tolerance, as well as mood changes, irritability, anxiety, depression and anxiety. The measures for the internet- addiction that have good predictive validity are presented (the CIAS (Chen Internet Addiction Scale), validated on a sample of young Russian adults in 2021; the GPIUS2 (Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2), validated among adolescents and youth in 2018).
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Couteron, Jean-Pierre. "Addiction au quotidien, ou l'ordinaire des addictions." Psychotropes 14, no. 3 (2008): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psyt.143.0079.
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Young, Kimberly S. "Psychology of Computer Use: XL. Addictive Use of the Internet: A Case That Breaks the Stereotype." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3 (December 1996): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.899.
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This case involves a homemaker 43 years of age who is addicted to using the Internet. This case was selected as it demonstrates that a nontechnologically oriented woman with a reportedly content home life and no prior addiction or psychiatric history abused the Internet which resulted in significant impairment to her family life. This paper defines addictive use of the Internet, outlines the subject's progression of addictive on-line use, and discusses the implications of such addictive behavior on the new market of Internet consumers.
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Andreassen, Cecilie Schou, Torbjørn Torsheim, Geir Scott Brunborg, and Ståle Pallesen. "Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale." Psychological Reports 110, no. 2 (April 2012): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.pr0.110.2.501-517.
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The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), initially a pool of 18 items, three reflecting each of the six core elements of addiction (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse), was constructed and administered to 423 students together with several other standardized self-report scales (Addictive Tendencies Scale, Online Sociability Scale, Facebook Attitude Scale, NEO–FFI, BIS/BAS scales, and Sleep questions). That item within each of the six addiction elements with the highest corrected item-total correlation was retained in the final scale. The factor structure of the scale was good (RMSEA = .046, CFI = .99) and coefficient alpha was .83. The 3-week test-retest reliability coefficient was .82. The scores converged with scores for other scales of Facebook activity. Also, they were positively related to Neuroticism and Extraversion, and negatively related to Conscientiousness. High scores on the new scale were associated with delayed bedtimes and rising times.
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Fedyk, Tamara. "ARTISTIC MODELS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR IN O. MYKOLAYCHUK AND NEDA NEZHDANA'S PLAY "HONORE, AND WHERE IS BALZAC?"." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 19 (2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2022.19.10.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of poetics of artistic models of protagonists' addictive behavior in the play by O. Mykolaychuk and Neda Nezhdana "Honore, and where is Balzac?". The relevance of the study is due to the notable increase in the number of interdisciplinary investigations. It contributes to a significant expansion of the range of aspects of research in the literature, especially the researches devoted to the analysis of works of art through the prism of psychology. This study was conducted using modeling, psychological and poetological analysis. The content of the concepts of "addiction" and "addictive behavior" was clarified; the potential signs of addiction that can be realized in the play were singled out, taking into account the specifics of the characterization of the characters in the play, and as a result, the models of addictive behavior were determined. Knote, Honore de Balzac and Evelina Hanska are carriers of addictive behavior and form a system of images-addicts in the play by O. Mykolaychuk and Neda Nezhdana "Honore, where is Balzac?". The interpersonal addiction of the characters is distinguished by three striking features: compulsive behavior, the reaction of the individual to the mention of his addiction or object of addiction, and manipulation of other people to achieve their own goals related to the object of addiction. Playwrights use a number of tools to create images of actors – representatives of addictive behavior, including lexical (the presence of specific tokens and their repetitions), morphological (a significant number of adjectives and verbs with negative connotations) and syntactic (incomplete sentences and exclamatory sentences, rhetorical questions, remarks-phrases, which are aimed at describing the actions and disclosing the internal state of the actors). Given the results, we see the prospect in further analysis of the poetics of artistic models of addictive behavior on the basis of other plays of modern Ukrainian drama, thus expanding the object of study.
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Serdar, Emrah, and Mehmet Demirelb. "The relationship between leisure constraints, technology addiction and life satisfaction: A study on Turkish university students." Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology 11(73) (2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jesp.2021.2.19.
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This study aimed to determine the relationship between leisure constraints, technology addictions and life satisfaction of university students. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 234 people who were studying at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Sports Sciences. As a data collection tool, “Leisure Constraints Scale-Short Form (LCS-SF)”, “Technology Addiction Scale (TAS)” and "Life satisfaction Scale (LSS)" were used as a data collection tool. İndependent t-Test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. According to MANOVA analysis, the main effect of gender and weekly leisure on LCS and TAS was significant. According to Pearson Correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive and low relationship between the "Individual Psychology", "Lack of Friends", "Time" and "Lack of Interest" sub-dimensions of LCS and the sub-dimensions of "Social Network Addiction", "Instant Messaging Addiction" and "Web Site Addiction" of TAS. As a result, it can be said that the LCS, TAS and LSS scores differed according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, and as the leisure constraints of the individuals increased, their technology addiction also increased.
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Hebebrand, Johannes, Özgür Albayrak, Roger Adan, Jochen Antel, Carlos Dieguez, Johannes de Jong, Gareth Leng, et al. "“Eating addiction”, rather than “food addiction”, better captures addictive-like eating behavior." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 47 (November 2014): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016.
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Pearson, Claire, and Zaheer Hussain. "Smartphone Use, Addiction, Narcissism, and Personality." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2015010102.
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There are increasing numbers of people who are now using smartphones. Consequently, there is a risk of addiction to certain web applications such as social networking sites (SNSs) which are easily accessible via smartphones. There is also the risk of an increase in narcissism amongst users of SNSs. The present study set out to investigate the relationship between smartphone use, narcissistic tendencies and personality as predictors of smartphone addiction. The study also aimed to investigate the distinction between addiction specificity and co-occurrence in smartphone addiction via qualitative data and discover why people continue to use smartphones in banned areas. A self-selected sample of 256 smartphone users (Mean age = 29.2, SD = 9.49) completed an online survey. The results revealed that 13.3% of the sample was classified as addicted to smartphones. Higher narcissism scores and neuroticism levels were linked to addiction. Three themes of social relations, smartphone dependence and self-serving personalities emerged from the qualitative data. Interpretation of qualitative data supports addiction specificity of the smartphone. It is suggested smartphones encourage narcissism, even in non-narcissistic users. In turn, this increased use in banned areas. Future research needs to gather more in-depth qualitative data, addiction scale comparisons and comparison of use with and without SNS access. It is advised that prospective buyers of smartphones be pre-warned of the potential addictive properties of new technology.
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Sulisworo, Dwi, Ratna Yunita Setiyani, Khairul Shafee Kalid, and Vera Yuli Erviana. "Critical Studies of Technology, Psychology, and Education on Online Games." Bincang Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 02 (December 7, 2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/bst.v1i02.169.
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nline games are developing rapidly and have an impact on children's behaviour. This study aims to explain the phenomenon of online game addiction from the perspective of psychology, technology, and education. The method is narratively qualitative—data obtained from online focus group discussions. The results of this study explain that online games today tend towards addictive behaviour. This situation is supported by the use of current technology in programming that allows the provision of varied features to increase the game's attractiveness. This addictive behaviour affects other behaviours that can affect the development of attitudes. This behaviour change affects learning performance. The teacher should adjust learning strategies in the digital era to adapt to children's new behaviours today related to online games.
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Carr, Meagan M., Erica M. Schulte, Karen K. Saules, and Ashley N. Gearhardt. "Measurement Invariance of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 Across Gender and Racial Groups." Assessment 27, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118786576.
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Objective: Food addiction reflects a substance use disorder framework, suggesting certain foods (e.g., high-fat, high-sugar foods) may trigger an addictive-like eating response in vulnerable individuals. This study explored whether the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), a newly validated and shortened measure of food addiction, is appropriate for use in heterogeneous samples. Assessment of mYFAS 2.0 invariance is essential, as this measure was developed for use as a brief screener in large epidemiological samples that are likely demographically diverse. Method: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis examined measurement invariance across racial/ethnic (White, Black, and Hispanic) and gender (male, female) groups. Participants were recruited through Qualtrics qBus, which uses demographic quotas to recruit a sample representative of the U.S. census reference population. Individuals were included in analyses if they identified their race/ethnicity as White, Black, or Hispanic ( N = 923). Results: Results supported full and partial measurement invariance across racial and gender groups, respectively. Discussion: Results increase confidence in the generalizability of findings using the mYFAS 2.0 and indicate that observed differences in prevalence rates, such as the higher rates of food addiction observed for women and Hispanic individuals, are likely due to true differences in the population rather than due to measurement bias.
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Khazaei, Fatemeh, Omonabi Khazaei, and Bahramali Ghanbari-H. "Positive psychology interventions for internet addiction treatment." Computers in Human Behavior 72 (July 2017): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.065.
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