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Depue, Susan M. "Psychometrics of the Missouri Student Survey examining validity, reliability and consent /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4301.
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Stilson, Frederick R. B. "Psychometrics of OSCE Standardized Patient Measurements." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/36.
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This study examined the reliability and validity of scores taken from a series of four task simulations used to evaluate medical students. The four role-play exercises represented two different cases or scripts, yielding two pairs of exercises that are considered alternate forms. The design allowed examining what is essentially the ceiling for reliability and validity of ratings taken in such role plays. A multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix was computed with exercises as methods and competencies (history taking, clinical skills, and communication) as traits. The results within alternate forms (within cases) were then used as a baseline to evaluate the reliability and validity of scores between the alternate forms (between cases). There was much less of an exercise effect (method variance, monomethod bias) in this study than is typically found in MTMM matrices for performance measurement. However, the convergent validity of the dimensions across exercises was weak both within and between cases. The study also examined the reliability of ratings by training raters to watch video recordings of the same four exercises who then complete the same forms used by the standardized patients. Generalizability analysis was used to compute variance components for case, station, rater, and ratee (medical student), which allowed the computation of reliability estimates for multiple designs. Both the generalizability analysis and the MTMM analysis indicated that rather long examinations (approximately 20 to 40 exercises) would be needed to create reliable examination scores for this population of examinees. Additionally, interjudge agreement was better for more objective dimensions (history taking, physical examination) than for the more subjective dimension (communication).
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Patterson, Erika K. "The social class attitudes scale (SCAS) : instrument development and estimates for reliability and validity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099621.
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Andreu, Nathalie. "The Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) : construct validity, reliability and patient-proxy respondent agreement of the French version." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33374.
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The PDQ-39 is a health-related quality of life questionnaire with 39 items describing eight dimensions in Parkinson's disease (PD). The original English version of PDQ-39 showed excellent psychometric properties. The present study was aimed at assessing the construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the PDQ-39 French version as well as the degree of agreement between PD patients and their proxy respondents when completing the scale. One neurologist and two psychologists using standardized clinical scales of PD severity and depression rated 126 PD non-demented patients, attending a neurological clinic. Then, patients and their 110 proxies completed the PDQ-39 and MOS SF-36 during the psychological interview on two occasions, during the same day. All PDQ-39 dimensions showed evidence of construct validity. Internal consistency was acceptable for most dimensions and test-retest reliability was generally excellent. Agreement in patient-proxy pairs ratings varied from poor (ICC < 0.40) to good (ICC > 0.60) across dimensions.
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Tawney, Mark Ward. "Empirically keying personality measures to mitigate faking effects and improve validity| A Monte Carlo investigation." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3570095.
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Personality-type measures should be viable tools to use for selection. They have incremental validity over cognitive measures and they add this incremental validity while decreasing adverse impact (Hough, 1998; Ones, Viswesvaran & Schmidt, 1993; Ones & Viswesvaran, 1998a). However, personality measures are susceptible to faking; individual's instructed to fake on personality measures are able to increase their scores (Barrick & Mount, 1996; Ellingson, Sackett & Hough, 1999; Hough, Eaton, Dunnette, Kamp, & McCloy, 1990). Further, personality measures often reveal less than optimal validity estimates as research continually finds meta-analytic coefficients near .2 (e.g., Morgeson, Campion, Dipboye, Hollenbeck, Murphy, & Schmitt, 2007). Some researchers have suggested that these two problems are linked as faking on personality measure may reduce their ability to predict job performance (e.g., Tett & Christansen, 2007). Empirically keyed instruments traditionally enhance prediction and have been found to mitigate the effects of faking (Kluger, Reilly & Russell, 1991; Scott & Sinar, 2011). Recently suggested as a means to key to personality measures (e.g., Tawney & Mead, In Prep), this dissertation further investigates empirical keying methods as a means to both mitigate faking effects and as a means to increase validity of personality-type measures. A Monte Carlo methodology is used due to the difficulties in obtaining accurate measures of faking. As such, this dissertation investigates faking issues under controlled and known parameters, allowing for more robust conclusions as compared to prior faking research.
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Leonard, Tricia C. "A psychometric investigation of the "Symptom relief checklist for dissociative disorders" underlying factor structure, reliability and validity /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1195500263.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Counselor Education and Supervision, 2007."December, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 03/19/2008) Advisor, Sandra Perosa; Committee members, Linda Perosa, Pat Parr, Fred H. Ziegler, Suzanne MacDonald; Department Chair, Karin Jordan; Interim Dean of the College, Cynthia Capers; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Grossman, Matthew R. "The Structure of Resilience: An Empirical Examination of Resilience Factors." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6851.
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Although most researchers agree that resilience is defined as the extent to which an individual bounces back and recovers from stress and adversity, the field has not yet settled on the underlying structure of the resilience construct; its lower-order factors remain in dispute and undefined. In this study, five of the most prominent resilience measures (i.e., Ego Resilience, Block & Kremen, 1996; The Resilience Scale, Wagnild & Young, 1993; The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Connor & Davidson, 2003; The Resilience Scale for Adults, Friborg, Hjemdal, Rosenvinge, & Martinussen, 2003; The Brief Resilience Scale, Smith, Dalen, Wiggins, & Tooley, 2008) were administered to two large samples of U.S. adults (N = 396 and 336, respectively). Through a combination of exploratory and confirmatory techniques, seven lower-order resilience factors were identified. Relationships between general resilience, lower-order resilience factors, and correlates were examined. Results reveal that lower-order resilience factors are moderately correlated with one another and are differentially related to outcomes of interest. Follow-up hierarchical regression and relative weights analyses further reveal that general resilience substantially overlaps with Big Five personality measures, but, in many cases, its lower-order factors do not. Consequently, it is recommended moving forward that researchers continue to study the resilience construct, but do so by focusing on lower-order resilience factors, rather than on global measures of the overall resilience construct.
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Ahmadi, Shamila. "The validity and reliability of the abbreviated version of the diagnostic interview for borderlines (DIB-Ab) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32745.
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Objective. The diagnostic interview for borderline personality disorder (DIB) requires a long duration of administration (45 minutes). This led to the development of a briefer (10 minutes), and therefore more feasible, version of the DIB named the DIB-Ab. It is the aim of this study to test the validity and reliability of the DIB-Ab. Method. Forty-seven previously suicidal adolescents, aged 14--21 years, participated in this study. The DIB-Ab and DIB-R were administered during a battery of tests separated by 130 minutes of unrelated measures. Results. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the DIB-Ab with respect to the DIB-R ranged from .52--.80 with respect to the total scores on three sections (i.e. affect, cognition, and impulse/action). The correlation coefficient of the DIB-Ab ranged from .43--.91 for the total section scores and the same section scores. The standardized alpha for internal consistency of the DIB-Ab ranged from .54--.83 for the total scores and for cognition and impulse/action section scores. Conclusion. The preliminary data analysis revealed that the DIB-Ab is a valid and reliable instrument, and it could replace the parent version in certain research and clinical paradigms.
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Gelaye, Bizu, Yinnan Zheng, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Marta B. Rondón, Sixto E. Sánchez, and Michelle A. Williams. "Validity of the posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) checklist in pregnant women." Biomed Central Ltd, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622252.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The PTSD Checklist-civilian (PCL-C) is one of the most commonly used self-report measures of PTSD symptoms, however, little is known about its validity when used in pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PCL-C as a screen for detecting PTSD symptoms among pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 3372 pregnant women who attended their first prenatal care visit in Lima, Peru participated in the study. We assessed the reliability of the PCL-C items using Cronbach's alpha. Criterion validity and performance characteristics of PCL-C were assessed against an independent, blinded Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) interview using measures of sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. We tested construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches. RESULTS: The reliability of the PCL-C was excellent (Cronbach's alpha =0.90). ROC analysis showed that a cut-off score of 26 offered optimal discriminatory power, with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78-0.92) and a specificity of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.62-0.65). The area under the ROC curve was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71-0.78). A three-factor solution was extracted using exploratory factor analysis and was further complemented with three other models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In a CFA, a three-factor model based on DSM-IV symptom structure had reasonable fit statistics with comparative fit index of 0.86 and root mean square error of approximation of 0.09. CONCLUSION: The Spanish-language version of the PCL-C may be used as a screening tool for pregnant women. The PCL-C has good reliability, criterion validity and factorial validity. The optimal cut-off score obtained by maximizing the sensitivity and specificity should be considered cautiously; women who screened positive may require further investigation to confirm PTSD diagnosis.Revisión por pares
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Van, der Merwe Gerda. "The construct validity of the First View for selection purposes in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02272006-112454.
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Thesis (M.Com.(Human Resources Management)) - University of Pretoria, 2005.Abstract in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Pierce, Molly Kelley. "A determination of the reliability and construct validity of the Leadership Capacity School Survey." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4692.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 28, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Brown, Laureen Kay. "Out-of-level testing for special education students participating in large-scale achievement testing: A validity study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280401.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of out-of-level (OOL) testing for students with mild cognitive disabilities participating in large-scale accountability assessments. Federal law now requires maximum participation of students with disabilities in these assessments, and OOL testing is one method used to accomplish this mandate. However, the prevalence, reliability, and validity of this practice have not been established. This study involved the analysis of second through eighth grade students' OOL and grade-level (GL) Stanford 9 reading and math subtest data. Raw data was collected by the district studied, as part of an annual state-mandated testing program. Participation rates and methods of participation for students with Specific Learning Disability (SLD) and Mild Mental Retardation (MIMR) were examined over a five-year period. Results indicated that an over 700% increase in the numbers of MIMR and SLD students participating in Stanford 9 testing occurred from 1998 to 2002. The use of OOL tests also increased substantially during that period. With regard to reliability, results indicated that KR-20 coefficients were comparable across regular education GL and Special Education OOL test groups. In addition, comparable percentages of students in GL and OOL groups scored within the test's reliable range. Special Education students were not given tests that were too easy as a result of OOL testing options. Validity evaluation included comparisons of modified caution indices (MCI) and point-biserial correlations for matched GL and OOL groups, as well as differential item functioning (DIF) analyses. MCI and point-biserial analyses provided no evidence of differential validity for GL and OOL groups. Although DIF analyses identified more items as functioning differently across groups (GL vs. OOL) than would be expected by chance, no systematic patterns of bias resulting from the OOL test administration condition were identified. OOL testing was determined to be an appropriate method of achievement testing for students with SLD. True differences between OOL and GL groups, as well as differences in test administration other than the OOL versus GL condition are discussed. Recommendations regarding OOL testing policy, stakeholder education, test development and reporting practices, and future research are included.
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Salib, Sherif. "Psychometric properties of the gross motor function classification system for children with cerebral palsy : validity, reliability and prognostic value." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80871.
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The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the construct validity, the inter-rater reliability and the prognostic potential of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The analysis was carried out in a cohort of 111 children with cerebral palsy who participated in the HBO Study for children with cerebral palsy; a randomized multicentre clinical trial. Construct validity was examined by correlating the results from the GMFCS with that of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the JEBSEN test of hand function. The inter-rater reliability of the GMFCS was explored by comparing the GMFCS values calculated by one therapist, using the HBO Study pre-trial patient charts, with those of another physical therapist who was blinded to the initial scores done earlier on the same records, and who was well-versed in the GMFCS. The prognostic properties of the GMFCS were examined by comparing, within each of the GMFCS levels, the mean change over time, for the GMFM, the PEDI, and the JEBSEN.
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Gootzeit, Joshua Holubec. "ACT process measures : specificity and incremental value." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1325.
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A number of objective personality questionnaires have been published which aim to measure the six processes related to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy's model of treatment (acceptance, defusion, present moment awareness, self-as-context, values, and committed action). These measures operationally define these hypothesized processes in research settings. However, little research has been done to investigate whether these processes, as measured by these questionnaires, are differentiable from each other or from other, seemingly similar constructs such as distress tolerance and coping styles. Additionally, it is unclear whether these questionnaire measures have differing relationships with other potentially relevant constructs, such as psychopathology, functioning, and personality. The structure of these process measures was investigated across two participant samples. A multi-trait structure of ACT processes was found, with three higher order dimensions consisting of psychological inflexibility/cognitive fusion, mindfulness, and avoidance, as well as a number of distinguishable lower order traits. This structure was found across multiple samples, and measures of these factor analytically-derived traits were found to have incremental validity and to be distinguishable from other, superficially similar psychological processes. These results provide guidance for measurement selection and suggest future directions for scale development. Relevance to treatment outcome research is also discussed.
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Iurino, Kathryn. "Comparative and Cross-Cultural Validity of the Moral Actions Questionnaire, a Measure for Ethical Virtue." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23911.
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Though current personality models provide a starting point for measuring ethical virtues, ethical content may not be fully captured in existing personality inventories due in part to the systematic elimination of morally-relevant trait-adjectives in early lexical studies. Further, personality dimensions relevant to measuring the ethical domain include both ethical and non-ethical content. The Moral Actions Questionnaire was designed to assess seven conceptually-distinct ethical virtues that are emphasized across cultures and philosophies. This dissertation investigates the performance of the Moral Actions Questionnaire, relative to other candidate models of ethical virtue from personality inventories. Psychometric quality, structural validity, and predictive validity for these models are evaluated in samples from five countries: Kenya, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. Findings suggest that the Moral Actions Questionnaire aids in prediction of altruistic bravery, guilt proneness, satisfaction with life, and meaning with life across most countries. Patterns in psychometric quality and structure across countries and methods (self- and informant-report) are discussed.
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Gavlas, John T. "Psychometric Properties of the Modern Homonegativity Scale in the Southern United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4919.
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The Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) is designed to measure a distinct modern form of prejudice against gay people. Based on the conceptual framework of old-fashioned and modern antigay prejudice advanced by Morrison and Morrison, the present study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the MHS as a measure of modern antigay prejudice in the southern United States a region where antigay prejudice appears to be particularly pervasive and damaging. This purpose was achieved by analyzing survey responses from 691 adult residents of 14 southern states. As hypothesized, MHS scores were correlated with political conservatism, contact with gay people, nonabusive antigay behavior, and scores on a traditional measure of antigay prejudice. Contrary to hypotheses, MHS scores were not related to sexual orientation, educational level, income level, or religious self-schema. Results concerning the relationships between MHS scores and other known correlates of antigay prejudice were mixed. In factor analyses, items on the MHS and a traditional measure of antigay prejudice did not load on different factors. The results of this study suggest that the MHS is a highly reliable measure of modern antigay prejudice in the South, but that its validity as such is limited. This study promotes positive social change by providing evidence that should aid in the selection of appropriate measures to use in future studies of prejudice against gay people in the South. Such studies promise to result in the development of more effective interventions to reduce antigay prejudice in the southern United States but such studies will produce useful findings only to the extent that the instruments used are reliable and valid measures of the constructs they purport to measure in this region.
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Massicotte, Yannick. "Reliability and validity of parentteacher rating of hyperactivity in children with ADHD using actigraphic measurements as an objective method." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33474.
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Parent and teacher ratings of hyperactivity are compared with an objective measure of activity level (actigraphy) for 19 ADHD children and 18 control subjects. All subjects wore the actigraph during a full day diagnostic assessment. Mean actigraph scores were calculated for the structured (including time during the Continuous Performance Test (CPT)) and unstructured element of the assessment. The structured, unstructured and CPT settings were significantly differentiated for the sample as whole by actigraphic measures. However no significant difference in activity level was found when we compared the subgroups (Controls, medicated ADHD, non-medicated ADHD). Parent ratings were not correlated with actigraphic measures in any setting. Teacher ratings on the Hyperactivity Index were significantly correlated with activity during the structured and unstructured setting for the whole sample and the ADHD subjects. These data indicate that teacher ratings of hyperactivity are more reliable than parent ratings on identical items when one is interested in gross motor activity. Issues concerning the situational relevance of rating scales and applications of actigraphic technology are discussed.
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Moscoso, Manolete S. "Nature of positive emotions in the assessment of depression: A new view in psychometrics." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101494.
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Current research in the field of emotions has demonstrated a strong causal correlation between stressful life events and clinical depression. The conceptual framework of this scientific study is taking into consideration the theoretical ideas developed by the laboratories of Alex Zautra, and Susan Folkman about the co-existence of positive and negative emotions during the experience of stress and depression. The principal purpose of this study is to report the convergent validity of the Multicultural State-Trait Depression Inventory, which supports the new direction in the psychometric assessment of clinical depression. Responses to the items of the state and trait scales were analyzed on a multicultural sample to determine the convergent validity and item analysis of the instrument. The results present empirical evidence that demonstrates a high degree of concurrent validity of the IMUDER subscalesand the reference instruments as shown by Pearson correlations.Los estudios científicos de las emociones han demostrado concluyentemente una robusta relación causal entre eventos estresantes de la vida diaria y la depresión clínica. El marco conceptual del presente estudio toma en consideración los marcos teóricos de Alex Zautra y de Susan Folkman acerca de la coexistencia de emociones positivas y negativas en el proceso de estrés y depresión. El propósito de este estudio es reportar el análisis de ítems y la validez convergente del Inventario Multicultural de la Depresión, Estado-Rasgo (IMUDER). En base a una muestra multicultural, se realizó los análisis psicométricos en base al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, a fin de determinar la validez convergente. Los resultados de dichos análisis realizados en forma separada para la escala estado y para la escala rasgo, nos indican un elevado nivel de asociación y validez convergente entre las escalas estado y rasgo del IMUDER, dimensiones de distres y eustres, y las pruebas de depresión utilizadas en este estudio. Estos datos indican que el IMUDER es un instrumento psicométrico que presentauna sólida validez convergente y propiedades psicométricas adecuadas.
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Peret, Trevor, and Loyd Lee Glenn. "Psychometrics of a Member Check Instrument for Credibility and Generalizability Assessments in Qualitative Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/533.
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The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an 8-item questionnaire instrument to support member checks in positivistic qualitative research. A sample of 1603 junior-level university nursing students (98.2% participation rate) a completed the questionnaire instrument which assessed how closely a written description of the lived experience of in-hospital training applied to their personal experience. The instrument had excellent psychometric properties, including high measurement reliability (α=0.94), strong concurrent validity (72.2%-77.4%), discriminant validity (p < 0.000001), a parametric score distribution with little kurtosis and no skew, and an average score (G score) was centered at midpoint of the scale (midpoint of 4 on a scale from 1 to 7). The experience match was at the level of “matches experience to high degree,” showing the transferability (generalizability) of the findings to the present sample. The instrument can be used to assess the credibility and transferability of findings from qualitative research, assist in finding negative cases, determine the degree of saturation and success of bracketing, and complement the constant comparative method. The instrument is recommended for general use in positivistic qualitative or naturalistic inquiry studies for any type of sample and any type of lived experience. This approach would magnify and empower the reach of the products of qualitative research.
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Dixon, Jason M. "Attitudes toward Acculturative Behavior Scale development, reliability and validity /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1210546951.
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Floyd, Nancy D. "Validity Evidence for the Use of Holland's Vocational Personality Types in College Student Populations." Thesis, University of South Carolina, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3597481.
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Higher education in the United States is replete with inventories and instruments designed to help administrators to identify students who are more likely to succeed in college and to tailor the higher education experience to foster this success. One area of research involves the Holland vocational personality type (Holland 1973, 1985, 1997) inventory, used to classify people into three-level personality types according to their work interests, behaviors, habits and preferences. This inventory has received a great deal of attention as a potential tool for steering college students into their optimal majors and thereby streamlining their college careers. Smart, Feldman and Ethington (2000) examined the Holland types as assessed through items present on the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) Freshman Survey. Using both student and faculty data from a national sample, they argued that the Holland type can be generalized to students pursuing higher education through the academic department; departments are where students "work." This Holland/CIRP Freshman Survey inventory and the "factor structure" developed by Smart and associates was presented in the original work (2000) and a subsequent work sponsored by the National Symposium for Postsecondary Student Success (2006) but the evidence of the validity of their factors and analysis was never complete; no psychometric evaluation was done and their argument rests weakly on others' assessment of the constructs (Pike, 1996).
This study sought to provide validity evidence of the Smart, Feldman and Ethington (2000) estimation of the Holland vocational personality type provided to colleges and universities through the CIRP Freshman Survey. First, the model proposed by Smart and associates (2000) was examined through exploratory factor analysis to determine if the proposed factor structure could be reproduced with an independent single-institution sample of the same size used in the original research. Results showed that the factors identified by Smart et al (2000) could not be replicated, with the possible exception of the dimension of Artistic orientation. Next, items on the CIRP Freshman Survey were then used to attempt to make an independent alternative factor structure. Using a randomly split development sample, a factor structure was developed and validated with the remainder of the sample. Factor scores from the final structure were then used to classify students using cluster analysis, and the clusters were compared to their academic majors in an attempt to provide an alternative Holland model. The clusters did not capture trends in choosing either a freshman or a graduating major, and so does not provide a means of alternative estimation for the Holland vocational personality type.
Multiple arguments against the validity of the original Smart, Feldman and Ethington (2000) estimation of the Holland vocational personality type via the CIRP Freshman Survey with the exception of the Artistic orientation dimension are presented. More troubling are the questions raised by the lack of validity evidence, given that the authors suggest that these subscales can be used to optimize fit between students and academic departments—and that the information is used nationally at "face value." The information calls into question the use of such scales, even those which are nationally published and widely used, if validity evidence is not present. Discussion focuses on the institution's responsibility in establishing the usability of such forms to make advisement or other intervention decisions for individual students.
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Smith, Bradley Harrison 1961. "Reliability, validity and unique contributions of self-reports by adolescents being treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282354.
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The current study assessed critical psychometric properties of self-reports by 46 adolescents enrolled in an eight week-long Summer Treatment Program (STP). Self-report instruments included the IOWA Conners ratings scales, self-ratings of the quality of interactions with peers and STP staff, and daily global ratings about overall performance. Counselors, teachers, and parents also completed ratings. Other dependent variables included measures of academic performance and direct observation of behaviors. All of the adolescents completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effects of methylphenidate. Test-retest reliability and, when applicable, internal consistency of adolescents' self-reports was assessed. The convergent and discriminant validity of the ratings was assessed with a factor analytic structural equations multi-trait multi-method analysis. Criterion validity was assessed with a repeated measures analysis of variance with medication as the independent variable. Concurrent and incremental validity of the adolescents' self-reports were assessed with a hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that adolescents can provide reliable and valid information about their response to treatment for ADHD. Compared to adolescents' self-reports; however, reports by counselors and teachers are more sensitive to the effects of treatment with medication. Nevertheless, adolescent self-reports appeared to have some unique predictive value. Within the context of this study, reports by parents did not have any incremental validity. Treatments for adolescents with ADHD are in the early stages of development and this psychometric study could have important ramifications for hundreds of thousands of adolescents who receive treatment for ADHD. These results are most applicable to clinic-referred adolescents receiving intensive behavioral treatment and a trial of methylphenidate.
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McGill, Ryan J. "Beyond g| Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Broad Ability Factors on the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities." Thesis, Chapman University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621595.
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Despite their widespread use, controversy remains about how to best interpret norm-referenced tests of cognitive ability. Due to the fact that contemporary cognitive measures appraise performance at multiple levels (e.g., subtest, factor, full-scale), a multitude of inferences about individual functioning are possible. Because school psychologists primarily utilize intelligence tests for predicting achievement outcomes, the cognitive variables that provide the most optimal weighting for prediction are of greatest importance. This study examined the predictive validity of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) factor structure from the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-COG; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2011c). Specifically, the incremental achievement variance accounted for by the CHC broad factors, after controlling for the effects of the General Intellectual Ability (GIA) composite, was assessed across reading, mathematics, writing, and oral language variables from the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ-ACH; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001b). Hierarchical regression was used to assess predictive relationships between the cognitive-achievement variables on the Woodcock-Johnson III assessment battery (WJ-III; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001a). This study utilized archived standard score data from individuals (N = 4,722) who participated in the original WJ-III standardization project. Results showed that the GIA accounted for the largest portions of achievement for all but one of the regression models that were assessed. Across the models, the GIA variance coefficients represented moderate to large effects whereas the CHC factors accounted for non-significant incremental effects in most of the models. Nevertheless, the WJ-COG factor scores did account for meaningful portions of achievement variance in several situations: (a) in predicting oral expression scores; (b) in the presence of significant inter-factor variability; and (c) when the effects of Spearman's law of diminishing returns (SLODR) was accounted for in reading, mathematics, and written language regression models. Additionally, the chi-square goodness of fit test was utilized to assess model invariance across several moderating variables. Results suggest that incremental validity is not a unitary construct and is not invariant across samples on the WJ-COG. Additionally, simultaneous interpretation of both the GIA and CHC factor scores on the WJ-COG may be useful within specific clinical contexts.
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Barros, Víviam Vargas de. "Evidências de validade da escala de atenção e consciência plenas (MAAS) e do questionário das facetas de mindfulness (FFMQ-BR) entre usuários de tabaco e população geral." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2404.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Introdução: Mindfulness se refere a uma habilidade metacognitiva, definida por Jon Kabat-Zinn como “prestar atenção de maneira particular, intencionalmente, no momento presente e sem julgamentos” As intervenções baseadas em Mindfulness têm se mostrado eficazes para vários problemas de saúde, principalmente para depressão, estresse, doenças crônicas e para prevenção de recaídas de uso de substâncias. Objetivo: traduzir, adaptar e apresentar evidências de validade da Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) e do Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), que aferem níveis de Mindfulness de forma unidimensional e multidimensional, respectivamente, para língua portuguesa do Brasil. Método: A validação da MAAS e do FFMQ foi realizada através de estudo transversal, correlacional, de metodologia quantitativa, com uma amostra total de 395 participantes, divididos entre pacientes de uma instituição pública de tratamento para dependência de tabaco, de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) de Juiz de Fora, de estudantes universitários e de meditadores. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário sócio-demográfico, teste de Dependência de Nicotina de Fagerström, MAAS, FFMQ e a Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES). Este estudo foi dividido em duas fases. A primeira consistiu no processo de tradução e a adaptação cultural dos instrumentos que constou de cinco passos - tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e pré teste. Após os ajustes necessários, prosseguiu-se à segunda fase do estudo que consistiu na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos. Foram analisadas a validade de construto e de critério e sua fidedignidade. Resultados: A partir da análise fatorial exploratória, a estrutura unidimensional da MAAS explicou 31,98% da variância total da escala. O FFMQ foi composto por 7 fatores devido à divisão dos fatores descrever e agir com consciência em dois novos fatores cada, diferente da escala original. Como esperado, o escore total da MAAS e do FFMQ- Brasil se correlacionaram positivamente com todos os fatores e com o escore geral da EBES (p< 0,001). Na validade de critério observou-se que para todas as facetas do FFMQ e para o seu escore total, foi observada diferença significativa entre os meditadores e não meditadores No entanto, para a MAAS não foi obtida diferença significativa entre os grupos. Nas análises de fidedignidade da MAAS, o alfa de Cronbach da escala total, considerando seus 15 itens foi 0,83 e o coeficiente Spearman-Brown (split half) foi 0,67. No teste-reteste, o valor do coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson foi 0,80 (p< 0,001). No FFMQ, o alfa de Cronbach da escala total foi 0,81 e os valores dos alfas das facetas foram: Não Julgar a Experiência Interna (α=0,78), Agir com Consciência - piloto automático (α=0,79), Observar (α=0,76), Descrever – itens positivos (α=0,76), Descrever – itens escritos na negativa (α=0,75), Não Reagir à Experiência Interna (α=0,68 ) e Agir com Consciência – distração (α=0,63 ). Os valores de todas as correlações obtidas no teste-reteste foram significativas, com valores de p<0,001: FFMQ total (0,90), Não Julgar a Experiência Interna (0,80), Agir com Consciência - piloto automático (0,67), Observar (0,83), Descrever – itens com formulação positivos (0,85), Descrever – itens com formulação negativa (0,71), Não Reagir à Experiência Interna (0,72) e Agir com Consciência – distração (0,80). Conclusões: Estes dados confirmam a existência de evidências de validade de construto e de fidedignidade para ambas as escalas e de validade de critério para o FFMQ.
Introduction: Mindfulness refers to a metacognitive skill, defined by Jon Kabat-Zinn as "paying attention in a particular way, intentionally, in the present moment and non judgmentally" The Mindfulness-based interventions have proven effective for many health problems, especially for depression, stress, chronic disease and relapse prevention among substance users. Objective: To translate, adapt and present evidence of validity of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to the Brazilian Portuguese language. Methods: The validation of the MAAS and FFMQ was performed through a cross-sectional and correlational study using a quantitative methodology, with a total sample of 395 participants, composed by patients of a public institution of treatment for tobacco dependence, a Unit of Primary Health (UAP) in Juiz de Fora, university students and meditators. The instruments used were: socio-demographic questionnaire, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, MAAS, FFMQ and Subjective Well-Being Scale (EBES). This study was divided into two phases. The first was the process of translation and cultural adaptation of instruments that consisted of five steps - translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review and pretesting. After the necessary adjustments, we proceeded to the second phase of the study that consisted of the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instruments. We analyzed the construct and criterion validity and its reliability. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, the unidimensional structure of the MAAS explained 31.98% of the total variance of the scale. The FFMQ was composed of 7 factors due to the division of the factors “describe” and “act with awareness” in two new factors, different from the original scale. As expected, the total score of the MAAS and the FFMQ-BR positively correlated with all factors and the overall score of the EBES (p <0.001). In criterion validity evaluation, we observed a significant difference regarding the meditators and non meditators scores for all facets of FFMQ and its total score. However, for the MAAS there was not a significant difference between the groups. In the MAAS reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha of the total scale considering its 15 items was 0.83 and the Spearman Brown coefficient (split half) was 0.67. In the test-retest reliability, the Pearson coefficient was 0.80 (p <0.001). In FFMQ, Cronbach's alpha of the total scale was 0.81 and the values of the alphas of the facets were: “Nonjudging the Internal Experience” (α = 0.78), “Acting with Awareness – Autopilot” (α = 0.79), “Observe” (α = 0.76), “Describe - positive items” (α = 0.76), “Describe – items with negative formulation” (α = 0.75), “Nonreact to Internal Experience” (α = 0.68) and “Act with awareness- distraction” (α = 0.63). The values of all correlations for test-retest were significant, with p values <0.001: FFMQ total (0.90), Nonjudging the Inner Experience (0.80), Act with Awareness - Autopilot (0.67 ), Observe (0.83), Describe - items with positive formulation (0.85), Describe - items with negative formulation (0.71), Nonreact to Internal Experience (0.72) and Act with Awareness - distraction (0.80). Conclusions: These data confirm the existence of evidence of construct validity and reliability for both scales and criterion validity for FFMQ.
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Ghisi, Marcos Angeli. "Uma avaliação do desenvolvimento e da validação das escalas de marketing em periódicos e anais de eventos brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-22072015-114221/.
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A atividade de mensuração constitui um pré-requisito central para o próprio desenvolvimento científico. Entretanto, ela não é um processo trivial e simples. A complexidade se deve ao fato de que dificilmente um estudo pode ser projetado e controlado para obter uma mensuração precisa e não ambígua, e por conta disso, a ocorrência de erro é praticamente inevitável. Alguns instrumentos podem ser altamente confiáveis, enquanto outros possuem menor grau de precisão. Alguns podem ser considerados altamente precisos, mas por outro lado, podem não medir aquilo que foram projetados para medir. Por essa razão, a qualidade do resultado da mensuração depende muito das medidas que são selecionadas ou desenvolvidas pelo pesquisador e como elas se adaptam às diferentes circunstâncias as quais são ou poderiam ser aplicadas. Nas últimas décadas, a literatura internacional sobre desenvolvimento e validação de escalas adquiriu um elevado grau de desenvolvimento metodológico e científico. Especificamente sobre a área de marketing, há vários livros sobre compilações de escalas, os chamados handbooks de escalas de marketing. Em constraste, a literatura nacional sobre escalas nessa área, desenvolvidas e/ou validadas, parece ainda estar em fase embrionária. Pode-se dizer que a preocupação com o tema parece ter evoluído no Brasil mais recentemente, a partir dos anos 2000, como natural evolução da pesquisa de orientação mais acadêmica que as escolas de Administração adotaram desde então. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade das escalas de mensuração propostas e publicadas na área de marketing nos anais de eventos da Anpad no Brasil nos últimos 3 anos. Na revisão da literatura primeiramente busca-se levantar a teoria sobre mensuração, entender os problemas e erros relacionados ao processo de medir e os modelos que podem ser utilizados para a construção de instrumentos de medida confiáveis e válidos. A metodologia empregada foi a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática da Literatura, com o emprego do método Revisão Integrativa, que possibilitou encontrar e selecionar de forma sistemática as escalas propostas e validadas na área de marketing, dentro do período considerado, na base de dados da Anpad (EnAnpad, EMA, EnEPQ, EnADI, entre outros). A análise das escalas encontradas identificou problemas de qualidade no que se refere à validade de conteúdo e de construto. Verificou-se ainda que a análise fatorial exploratória aparece como a técnica de uso mais frequente, embora um grande número de pesquisadores a utilize erroneamente para fins confirmatórios do que exploratórios, como deveria ser. Já no campo da confiabilidade, atestou-se o grande uso da medida de alpha de Cronbach, mas também foi verificada a utilização da confiabilidade composta como medida alternativa. A falta de detalhamento na redação das decisões tomadas e resultados obtidos inviabiliza maiores análises sobre os resultados. Sugere-se aos autores da área que procurem descrever melhor todos os passos tomados para o desenvolvimento do instrumento, para que se possa auferir a qualidade da escala criada, entre outros pontos.The activity of measurement is a key prerequisite for the proper scientific development. However, it is not a trivial and simple process. The complexity is due to the fact that hardly a study can be designed and managed to get a precise measurement and unambiguous, and because of that, the error occurrence is almost inevitable. Some instruments may be highly reliable, while others have lower degree of accuracy. Some may be considered highly precise but on the other hand, can not measure what are designed to measure. For this reason, the quality of the result of the measurement depends heavily on measures that are selected or developed by the researcher and how they adapt to different circumstances which are or could be applied. In recent decades, the international literature on development and validation of measures acquired a high degree of methodological and scientific development. Specifically on marketing, there are several books on scales compilations, known handbooks of marketing scales. In contrast, the literature on national scales in this area, developed and / or validated, seems to be still in the embryonic stage. It can be said that the concern over the issue seems to have evolved in Brazil more recently, from the 2000s, as a natural evolution of the more academically oriented research that business schools have adopted since. This study aims to assess the quality of the measurement scales proposed and published in marketing in the proceedings of Anpad events in Brazil over the past three years. The review of the literature primarily seeks to raise the theory of measurement, understand the problems and errors related to the process of measuring and models that can be used to build reliable and valid measurement instruments. The methodology used was the Bibliographical Systematic Literature Review, with the use of the method integrative review, which made it possible to find and selecting in a systematic way the scales proposed and validated in marketing, within the period considered in the database Anpad (EnANPAD , EMA, EnEPQ, EnADI, among others). The analysis of the scales identified quality problems with regard to the content and construct validity. It was also found that the exploratory factor analysis appears as the most frequently used technique, although a large number of researchers use it wrongly for confirmatory purposes than exploratory, as it should be. In the field of reliability, there is a great use of Cronbach\'s alpha measure, but was also verified the use of composite reliability as an alternative measure. The lack of detail in the writing of the decisions taken and results achieved prevents further analysis on the results. It is suggested to the authors of the area looking to better describe the steps taken for the development of the instrument, so that one can obtain the scale of quality created, among other things.
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Grimaldo, Mirian Pilar, Jossué David Correa, Diego Jara, Ingrid Belu Cirilo, and Marivel Teresa Aguirre. "Psychometric properties of the olson and barnes quality of life scale in lima students." Instituto de Investigacion de Drogodependencias, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655592.
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Quality of life refers to the way in which the person perceives their daily experience, considering in this process the social and cultural component. This implies that to know the perception of the quality of life it is necessary to consider in its measurement the scope of physical, psychological, social, environmental and personal health. Along these lines, one of the instruments that is limited to this approach is the Barnes and Olson Quality of Life Scale (ECVOB). Objective. The purpose of the study was to determine the validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the ECVOB in schoolchildren and university students in Lima. Method. The study design is instrumental. The Spanish version of the ECVOB was used on a sample of 1239 students from Lima between males (57%) and females (43%) aged between 14 and 26 years (M age = 22.45; SD age = 3.75). The evidence of validity of the internal structure was evaluated through a confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The findings suggest a partial restructuring of the original seven-factor model proposed by Olson and Barnes. Conclusion. The new structure of the ECVOB is a valid and reliable measure in schoolchildren and university students in Lima.
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Kretzmann, Roberta Pozzi. "Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS-12) para uso no Brasil : adaptação transcultural e propriedades psicométricas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181179.
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A intolerância à incerteza (IU) é considerada um traço transdiagnóstico referente a crenças negativas sobre a incerteza e suas consequências. Ultimamente, a IU vem sendo associada com diversos transtornos relacionados à ansiedade. A presente dissertação teve o objetivo de realizar a adaptação transcultural e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Versão Abreviada) para uso no Brasil. O processo de adaptação transcultural foi dividido em sete etapas discutidas no primeiro estudo, onde também são apresentadas evidências de validade de conteúdo da escala. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo acumular evidências de validade de construto através de análise fatorial confirmatória e análise da consistência interna da IUS-12. Além disso, a validade convergente da escala foi avaliada através de suas correlações com instrumentos que medem construtos relacionados. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas normas e diretrizes para interpretação dos escores da escala. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória indicam que a IUS-12 possui estrutura fatorial semelhante a escala original contendo dois fatores: Intolerância à Incerteza Inibitória e Intolerância à Incerteza Prospectiva. Discute-se os demais resultados relativos às propriedades psicométricas da escala no segundo estudo e considera-se a IUS-12 como uma medida válida para a avaliação da intolerância à incerteza na população brasileira.Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is considered a transdiagnostic factor reflecting negative beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences. IU has been associated with several anxiety-related disorders. The aim of this dissertation was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and to investigate psychometric properties of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Short Version) for use in Brazil. The Cross-cultural adaptation process was divided into seven steps which are discussed in the first study, along with evidence of content validity of the scale. The second study aimed to accumulate evidence of construct validity throughout Confirmatory Factor Analysis and internal consistency analysis. In addition, a convergent validity was assessed through its correlations with measures of related constructs. Furthermore, norms and guidelines for scores interpretation are presented. The results of the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis indicate that the IUS-12 has a factorial structure similar to the original scale comprising two factors: Inhibitory IU and Prospective IU. Further results regarding psychometric properties of the scale are discussed in the second study. The IUS-12 appears to be a valid measure for assessment of intolerance to uncertainty in the Brazilian population.
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Carrubba, Maria Diana. "Test of reliability and validity of the Feminist Identity Development Scale, the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women's Movement Scale, and the Career Aspiration Scale with Mexican American female adolescents /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074383.
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Sarasti, Israel A. "An Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of Curriculum-based Measurement Maze Probes: A Comparison of 1-minute, 2-minute, and 3-minute Time Frames." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/48811.
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School PsychologyPh.D.
Prevention science has suggested that universal screening can enhance educational and mental health outcomes in the schools (Greenberg et al., 2003). A three-tier model of prevention has been proposed by Albers, Glover, and Kratochwill (2007) and Brown-Chidsey and Steege (2005) employing universal screening assessments of basic academic skills at Tier-1. Curriculum-based measurement maze (CBM-maze) probes are universal screeners that were developed as measures of reading comprehension. They are characterized as easy to administer, time-efficient, valid, and reliable (Parker, Hasbrouck, & Tindal, 1992). CBM-maze probes are short stories consisting of 400 words where every seventh word is omitted and replaced with three answer choices. Students are given 3-minutes to read the passage silently and select a word from the answer choices that restores the meaning of the story. Maze probes have been utilized as reading comprehension assessments for universal screening (Tier 1) and progress monitoring (Tier 2 and Tier 3; Espin, Deno, Maruyama, & Cohen, 1989; D. Fuchs & Fuchs, 1992). The current research study was conducted to further extend the research on the reliability and validity of CBM-maze probes. More specifically, it investigated if there were any differences between 1-minute, 2-minute, and 3-minute time frames, alternate form reliability, concurrent validity, and social validity of the maze probes. Results indicated differences in correct word selections (CWS) between 1-minute, 2-minute, and 3-minute time frames with significant interaction effects noted for the 2-minute maze probe. Alternate form reliability correlation were statistically significant and moderately strong (r = .47 to .71). Concurrent validity correlations between the STAR Reading norm referenced test (computer adaptive reading comprehension test) and CBM-maze probes yielded statistically significant and moderate correlations (r = .30 to .50). Tabulations of the assessment rating scale indicated that students perceived maze probes as acceptable measures for reading comprehension. Implications for practice, cautions in interpreting the results, and future directions are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Naude, Talana. "The relationship between personality and creativity : a psychometric study." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222007-124454.
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Barczak, Daniel Sindelar. "Validação de escala para rastreamento de depressão em idosos: importância de um teste de aplicação rápida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-19032012-115042/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Os critérios diagnósticos atuais para as síndromes depressivas não identificam uma parcela dos idosos com sintomatologia depressiva clinicamente significativa. Instrumentos psicométricos específicos para esta população, que sejam rápidos e fáceis de aplicar tornam-se necessários. A partir de instrumentos previamente validados como as escalas GDS e CES-D, e de um consenso de especialistas foi desenvolvida uma escala de 10 itens para avaliar o construto clínico de depressão em pacientes idosos. OBJETIVO: Validação interna de uma nova escala de rastreio de sintomas depressivos em idosos (D10) desenvolvida no Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER), Instituto de Psiquiatria HC FMUSP. MÉTODOS: Uma amostra de conveniência composta por 62 sujeitos foi utilizada para o estudo de validade de critério (validade concorrente). Destes, 44 foram incluídos nos estudos de confiabilidade (consistência interna, estabilidade e equivalência) e de validade de construto (validades convergente e divergente). Todos os participantes incluídos tinham idade 60 anos, não apresentavam doenças médicas graves ou descompensadas, déficits cognitivo e funcional significativos (avaliados, respectivamente, pela M-CIRS, MMSE e B-ADL) e não apresentavam histórico passado ou atual sugestivo de síndrome psicótica. Os diagnósticos foram obtidos pela entrevista estruturada MINI-Plus (seções A, B, D, E, F e P) e a intensidade dos sintomas depressivos mensurados pela MADRS. Outros instrumentos foram utilizados (CAMCOG, IQCODE, CAGE, DUSI-R) no desenho da pesquisa, para reduzir a possibilidade de vieses sistemáticos. A distribuição da amostra foi avaliada pelo Teste Kolgomorov-Smirnov, e os índices de correlação de Pearson e Spearman foram utilizados para aferir a relação entre a D10 e as escalas MADRS e CAGE. A correlação entre os itens da D10 foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e alfa de Cronbach. A acurácia do teste foi investigada pela análise das áreas sob as curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: A amostra (idade média de 72,35; SD=7,05) não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas, econômicas, clínicas, cognitivas e funcionais estudadas (p>0,05). O valor de alfa (consistência interna) manteve-se estável e elevado (=0,84±0,02) e os itens da D10 apresentaram boa equivalência (inter-rater) (rs=0,95, p0,01) e boa estabilidade (intra-rater) (rs=0,95, p0,01). A escala MADRS correlacionou-se significativamente com a D10 (rp=0,86, e rs=081, p0,01), não tendo se correlacionado com a CAGE (p>0,05). Esse achado foi reforçado pela correlação entre a CAGE e a DUSI-R (rp=0,31, p=0,005; e rs=0,29 p=0,01). A nota de corte de 6 pontos na D10 apresentou elevados níveis de sensibilidade (96,2%), especificidade (88,9%), valor preditivo positivo (86,2%), valor preditivo negativo (97%) e acurácia (91,9%). O tempo médio de aplicação do novo instrumento foi de 42±4 segundos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a escala D10 apresentou confiabilidade, validade interna, e acurácia adequadas para ser utilizada como um instrumento de aplicação rápida para o rastreio de sintomatologia depressiva clinicamente significativa em idososidentify a portion of elderly people with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Specific psychometric instruments for this population with quick and easy application properties are of the essence. Based on previously validated instruments, such as GDS and CES-D scales, and on consensus among specialists, a 10-item scale was developed to assess the clinical depression construct in elderly patients. OBJECTIVES: Internal validation of a scale to screen depressive symptoms in elderly people (D10) developed in the Senior Citizens Program (locally, PROTER), at the Institute of Psychiatry of the HCFMUSP. METHODS: A convenience sample of 62 subjects was used for the criterion validity study (concurrent validity). Of these, 44 were included in the studies of reliability (internal consistency, stability and equivalence) and of the construct validity (convergent and divergent validity). All the participants included in the study were 60 years old, did not present any serious or uncontrolled medical conditions, significant cognitive or functional deficits (evaluated, respectively, through M-CIRS, MMSE and B-ADL), nor past or present history suggestive of psychotic syndrome. Diagnostics were obtained through the MINI-Plus structured interview (sections A, B, D, E, F and P), and the intensity of depressive symptoms through the MADRS. In the research design, other instruments were used (CAMCOG, IQCODE, CAGE, DUSI-R), aimed at reducing the possibility of systematic bias. The sample distribution was evaluated through the Kolgomorov- Smirnov Test, and the Pearson and Spearman correlation indexes were used to verify the relation between the D10 and the MADRS and CAGE scales. The correlation of the D10 items were analyzed through the Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and Cronbach\'s alpha. The test accuracy was investigated through the analysis of the areas under ROC curves. RESULTS: The sample (mean age of 72,35; SD=7,05) did not evidence significant differences in the socio-demographic, economic, clinical, cognitive and functional variables studied (p>0,05). The alpha value (internal consistency) remained stable and elevated (=0,84±0,02), D10 items presented good equivalence (inter-rater) (rs=0,95, p0,01) and good stability (intra-rater) (rs=0,95 p0,01). The MADRS scale correlated significantly with CAGE (p>0,05). This finding was reinforced by the correlation between CAGE and DUSI-R (rp=0,31 p=0,005; and rs=0,29 p=0,01). A cut-off score of 6 points in D10 presented high levels of sensitivity (96,2%), specificity (88,9%), positive predictive value (86,2%), negative predictive value (97%) and accuracy (91,9%). The average application time of the new instrument was 42±4 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate that the D10 scale presented adequate reliability, internal validity and accuracy for use as a quick application instrument to screen clinically significant depressive symptoms in the elderly
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Fertig, Siglind. "The incremental validity of a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) relative to personality and cognitive ability to predict managerial performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1769.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The last two decades have witnessed an upsurge in the research and use of psychometric tests to aid in the prediction of managerial performance. Currently the most prevailing predictor constructs of managerial performance are cognitive ability, personality, and experience. However, researchers and practitioners are still looking for ways in which to maximise the prediction of managerial performance. In recent years, Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs) have become an increasingly popular selection tool. SJTs are multidimensional psychometric instruments designed to assess an individual’s judgement concerning work-related situations. Evidence to date indicates that SJTs are valid predictors of performance, especially for managerial positions in which interpersonal interactions are important. The main objective of this study was to examine whether SJTs significantly add to the prediction of managerial performance over other measures used for managerial selection, such as measures of cognitive ability and personality. Measures of specific cognitive abilities, personality and a SJT were administered to branch managers in a South African retail bank (N = 124) to investigate the ability of the measures to predict managerial performance. Managerial performance was measured using three measures; Performance Ranking, a Behavioural Observation Scale (BOS) and an Overall Performance Rating. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate the relationship between the predictor composites and the managerial performance measures. Findings reveal different prediction patterns for the three criteria. A multiple correlation coefficient of .442 (p > .05) was obtained when predicting Performance Ranking measures, .308 (p < .05) was obtained for predicting the Behavioural Observation Scale (BOS) measure, and .318 (p > .05) was obtained when predicting the Overall Performance Rating measure. Therefore, only when predicting the BOS measure, the SJT provided incremental validity over cognitive ability and personality measures. Consequently, the average of the scores of the three criterion measures, i.e., the Managerial Performance Composite, was used to evaluate the a priori hypotheses. A multiple correlation of .366 (p > .05) was obtained for predicting the Managerial Performance Composite criterion. Results therefore indicate that the SJT did not exhibit meaningful or statistically significant incremental prediction over cognitive ability and personality to predict the composite managerial performance measure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die laaste twee dekades het ‘n toename in die gebruik van psigometriese toetse in die voorspelling van bestuurdersprestasie waargeneem. Tans is kognitiewe vermoë, persoonlikheid en ervaring die mees algemene voorspellingskonstrukte vir bestuurdersprestasie. Navorsers en praktisyns is egter op soek na maniere om die voorspelling van bestuurdersprestasie te verbeter. ‘n Onlangse verwikkeling is dat “Situational Judgement Tests” (SJTs) toeneem in gewildheid as seleksie-metode. SJTs is multi-dimensionele psigometriese toetse wat ontwerp is om ‘n individu se oordeelsvermoë ten opsigte van werksverwante situasies te assesseer. Navorsing tot op hede wys dat SJTs geldige voorspellers van prestasie is, veral vir bestuursposisies waarin interpersoonlike interaksies belangrik is. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om te ondersoek of SJTs betekenisvolle waarde toevoeg tot die voorspelling van bestuurdersprestasie bo die gebruik van ander meetinstrumente wat vir bestuurskeuring gebruik word, soos metings van kognitiewe vermoë en persoonlikheid. Vir hierdie doel, is takbestuurders in ‘n Suid Afrikaanse bank (N = 124) se kognitiewe vermoëns, persoonlikheid en situasionele beoordelingsvermoë getoets om die vermoë van die meetinstrumente om bestuurdersprestasie te voorspel, te ondersoek. Bestuurdersprestasie was deur middel van drie meetinstrumente bepaal; prestasie-rangordening (“Performance Ranking”), ‘n gedragsobservasieskaal (“Behavioural Observation Scale”) en ‘n algehele prestasiebeoordelingsmeting (“Overall Performance Rating”). Hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontleding was gebruik om die verhouding tussen die voorspellers en die bestuurdersprestasiemetings te ondersoek. Verskillende voorspellingspatrone is vir die drie meetinstrumente gevind. ‘n Meervoudige korrelasie koeffisiënt van .308 (p < .05) is vir die voorspelling van die BOS meting verkry, terwyl .442 (p > .05) en .308 (p < .05) onderskeidelik vir die voorspelling van die prestasie-rangordening en algehele prestasiebeoordelingsmeting verkry is. Gevolglik het slegs die BOS meting inkrementele geldigheid getoon. Die gemiddeld van hierdie drie metings se tellings is gebruik om ‘n bestuurdersprestasie-kombinasietelling “Managerial Performance Composite” te skep wat gebruik is om die finale besluit rakende die a priori hipoteses te maak. ‘n Meervoudige korrelasie van .366 (p >.05) was gevind ten einde die bestuurdersprestasie-kombinasietelling te voorspel aan die hand van die voorspellers.
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Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice, Jenny Rosendahl, Kerstin Weidner, Bernhard Strauß, Andreas Hinz, and Katja Petrowski. "Fatigue in chronically critically ill patients following intensive care - reliability and validity of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-235556.
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Background
Fatigue often occurs as long-term complication in chronically critically ill (CCI) patients after prolonged intensive care treatment. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) has been established as valid instrument to measure fatigue in a wide range of medical illnesses. Regarding the measurement of fatigue in CCI patients, the psychometric properties of the MFI-20 have not been investigated so far. Thus, the present study examines reliability and validity of the MFI-20 in CCI patients.
Methods
A convenience sample of n = 195 patients with Critical Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) or Myopathy (CIM) were recruited via personal contact within four weeks (t1) following the transfer from acute care ICU to post-acute ICU at a large rehabilitation hospital. N = 113 (median age 61.1 yrs., 72.6% men) patients were again contacted via telephone three (t2) and six (t3) months following the transfer to post-acute ICU. The MFI-20, the Euro-Quality of Life (EQ-5D-3 L) and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders DSM-IV (SCID-I) were applied within this prospective cohort study.
Results
The internal consistency Cronbach’s α was adequate for the MFI-total and all but the subscale Reduced Motivation (RM) (range: .50–.91). Item-to-total correlations (range: .22–.80) indicated item redundancy for the subscale RM. Confirmatory Factor analyses (CFAs) revealed poor model fit for the original 5-factor model of the MFI-20 (t2/t3, Confirmatory Fit Index, CFI = .783/ .834; Tucker-Lewis Index, TLI = .751/ .809; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = .112/ .103). Among the alternative models (1-, 2-, 3-factor models), the data best fit to a 3-factor solution summarizing the highly correlated factors General −/ Physical Fatigue/ Reduced Activity (GF/ PF/ RA) (t2/ t3, CFI = .878/ .896, TLI = .846/ .869, RMSEA = .089/ .085, 90% Confidence Interval .073–.104/ .066–.104). The MFI-total score significantly correlated with the health-related quality of life (range: −.65-(−).66) and the diagnosis of major depression (range: .27–.37).
Conclusions
In the present sample of CCI patients, a reliable and valid factor structure of the MFI-20 could not be ascertained. Especially the subscale RM should be revised. Since the factors GF, PF and RA cannot be separated from each other and the unclear factorial structure in the present sample of CCI patients, the MFI-20 is not recommended for use in this context.
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Wu, Lan. "Excessive Buying: The Construct and a Causal Model." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102006-004620/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Sheth, Jagdish, Committee Member ; James, Lawrence, Committee Member ; Allvine, Fred, Committee Member ; Malhotra, Naresh, Committee Chair ; Ulgado, Francis, Committee Member.
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Karim, Jahanvash. "Emotional Intelligence : a Cross-Cultural Psychometric Analysis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32028/document.
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Malgré la littérature importante dans le champ de l’intelligence émotionnelle, la très grande majorité des études sur le développement et la validation des échelles de mesure de l’intelligence émotionnelle ont été réalisées dans des pays Occidentaux. D’où, une limitation majeure de cette littérature dans son orientation purement occidentale. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer les propriétés psychométriques du Test d’Intelligence Emotionnelle de Mayer-Salovey-Caruso (MSCEIT), du Questionnaire des Traits d’Intelligence Emotionnelle (TEIQue), et du Test d’auto-évaluation d’Intelligence Emotionnelle (SREIT) dans un contexte comparatif interculturel comprenant des étudiants collectivistes Pakistanais (culture Orientale) et des étudiants individualistes Français (culture Occidentale). Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que les participants de la culture française ont eu une meilleure performance par rapport aux participants pakistanais au MSCEIT mais pas au TEIQue et au SREIT. Les analyses d’échantillons multiples ont révélé des structures factorielles invariantes du MSCEIT, du TEIQue, et du SREIT à travers les deux cultures. Concernant la validité discriminante, l’auto-évaluation de l’IE, mesurée par le SREIT et le TEIQue, et les mesures de performance de l’IE, évaluées par le MSCEIT, n’ont pas démontré une forte corrélation dans les deux cultures. En autre, les résultats au MSCEIT, au TEIQue, et au SREIT n’ont pas démontré le lien avec l’intelligence cognitive dans les deux cultures. Des corrélations faibles à modérées ont été observées entre les mesures de l’IE et les dimensions de personnalité Big Five. Enfin, les mesures de l’IE se sont révélées indépendantes de styles de communication. Concernant la validité convergente des mesures d’auto-évaluation de l’IE, les résultats au TEIQue ont montré une forte corrélation avec le SREIT dans les deux cultures. En ce qui concerne la validité incrémentale, après un contrôle statistique des dimensions de personnalité Big Five et la capacité cognitive, le MSCEIT et le SREIT n’ont pas démontré le lien avec la satisfaction de vie, l’affect positif, l’affect négatif, et la détresse psychologique dans les deux cultures. En revanche, les facteurs du TEIQue ont expliqué une part significative de la variance dans les variables dépendantes après avoir contrôlé pour les dimensions de personnalité Big Five et l’intelligence cognitive. Cependant, des analyses plus approfondies ont révélé que ces associations ont été en grande partie attribuées au facteur du bien-être du TEIQue. Enfin, les femmes ont montré de meilleurs résultats que les hommes au MSCEIT mais pas au TEIQue et au SREIT dans les deux cultures. En résumé, les résultats de cette étude fournissent les preuves pour validité factorielle, discriminante, et convergente de ces mesures de l’intelligence émotionnelles dans les deux cultures. Toutefois, les résultats concernant la validité incrémentale de ces mesures se sont avérés moins prometteurs que prévuDespite the rather large literature concerning emotional intelligence, the vast majority of studies concerning development and validation of emotional intelligence scales have been done in the Western countries. Hence, a major limitation in this literature is its decidedly Western focus. The aim of this research was to assess the psychometric properties of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), and the Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SREIT) in a cross-cultural comparative context involving the collectivist Pakistani (Eastern culture) and the individualist French (Western culture) students. Results of this study showed that participants from the French culture scored higher than participants from the Pakistani sample on the MSCEIT but not on the TEIQue and the SREIT. Multi-sample analyses revealed that the MSCEIT, the TEIQue, and the SREIT factor structures remained invariant across both cultures. Regarding discriminant validity, in both cultures, self-ratings of emotional intelligence, as assessed by the SREIT and the TEIQue, and performance measure of emotional intelligence, as assessed by the MSCEIT, were not strongly correlated. Furthermore, in both cultures, scores on the MSCEIT, the TEIQue, and the SREIT revealed to be unrelated to cognitive intelligence and communication styles. Finally, low to moderate correlations were observed between the EI measures and the Big Five personality dimensions. Regarding convergent validity of the self-report EI measures, in both cultures the scores on the TEIQue strongly correlated with the scores on the SREIT. With regard to incremental validity, in both cultures, after statistically controlling for the Big Five personality dimensions and cognitive ability, the MSCEIT and the SREIT revealed to be unrelated to satisfaction with life, positive affect, negative affect, and psychological distress. In contrast, the TEIQue factors accounted for a significant amount of variance in outcome variables after controlling for the Big Five personality dimensions and the cognitive intelligence. However, further analyses revealed that the associations were mainly because of the TEIQue’s well-being factor. Finally, in both cultures, females scored higher than males on the MSCEIT but not on the TEIQue and the SREIT. In sum, the results of this study provide evidence for the factorial, discriminant, and convergent validity of these emotional intelligence measures in both cultures. However, results regarding incremental validity of these measures are less promising than anticipated
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Hinerman, Krystal M. "Construct Validation of the Social-Emotional Character Development Scale in Belize: Measurement Invariance Through Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699875/.
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Social-emotional learning (SEL) measures assessing social-emotional learning and character development across a broad array of constructs have been developed but lack construct validity. Determining the efficacy of educational interventions requires structurally valid measures which are generalizable across settings, gender, and time. Utilizing recent factor analytic methods, the present study extends validity literature for SEL measures by investigating the structural validity and generalizability of the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale (SECDS) with a large sample of children from schools in Belize (n = 1877, ages 8 to13). The SECDS exhibited structural and generalizability evidence of construct validity when examined under exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). While a higher order confirmatory factor structure with six secondary factors provided acceptable fit, the ESEM six-factor structure provided both substantive and methodological advantages. The ESEM structural model situates the SECDS into the larger body of SEL literature while also exhibiting generalizability evidence over both gender and time.
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Holtmann, Martin, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Aribert Rothenberger, and Veit Rößner. "Psychometric Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134171.
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Background: In many severely mentally disordered children, the clinical presentation is complicated by comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation. Recently, a highly heritable behavioral phenotype of simultaneous deviance on the anxious/depressed, attention problems, and aggressive behavior syndrome scales has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). The aim of the present pilot study was to determine an equivalent to the CBCL-DP using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Sampling and Methods: We applied stepwise linear discriminant analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to data from 543 consecutively referred children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years. The CBCL and the SDQ were completed by parents as part of the diagnostic routine. ICD-10 discharge diagnoses were established in consensus conferences. Results: A combination of five SDQ items (SDQ-Dysregulation Profile, SDQ-DP) yielded the best discrimination of children with and without CBCL-DP and classified 81.0% of the subjects correctly leading to an area under the curve of 0.93. The content of the five SDQ-DP items mirrors well the mixed behavioral phenotype of anxious-depressive, aggressive and attention problems captured by the CBCL-DP. SDQ-DP status was highly correlated with CBCL-DP status and was best defined by a SDQ-DP score ≧5. Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the SDQ-DP have been robustly tested and validated. Based on these results, clinicians may use the SDQ-DP as a useful and economical screening measure to improve the assessment, prevention, and treatment of severe dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Future investigations should study the longitudinal stability, heritability, and genetic associations of this behavioral phenotypeDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Holtmann, Martin, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Aribert Rothenberger, and Veit Rößner. "Psychometric Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile." Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27564.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In many severely mentally disordered children, the clinical presentation is complicated by comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation. Recently, a highly heritable behavioral phenotype of simultaneous deviance on the anxious/depressed, attention problems, and aggressive behavior syndrome scales has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). The aim of the present pilot study was to determine an equivalent to the CBCL-DP using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Sampling and Methods: We applied stepwise linear discriminant analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to data from 543 consecutively referred children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years. The CBCL and the SDQ were completed by parents as part of the diagnostic routine. ICD-10 discharge diagnoses were established in consensus conferences.
Results: A combination of five SDQ items (SDQ-Dysregulation Profile, SDQ-DP) yielded the best discrimination of children with and without CBCL-DP and classified 81.0% of the subjects correctly leading to an area under the curve of 0.93. The content of the five SDQ-DP items mirrors well the mixed behavioral phenotype of anxious-depressive, aggressive and attention problems captured by the CBCL-DP. SDQ-DP status was highly correlated with CBCL-DP status and was best defined by a SDQ-DP score ≧5.
Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the SDQ-DP have been robustly tested and validated. Based on these results, clinicians may use the SDQ-DP as a useful and economical screening measure to improve the assessment, prevention, and treatment of severe dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Future investigations should study the longitudinal stability, heritability, and genetic associations of this behavioral phenotype.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Chini, Lucélia Terra. "Validação da escala avaliativa do risco de quedas (EARQUE) em pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-08022018-192041/.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral validar a Escala de Avaliação do Risco de Quedas (EARQUE) em pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade e, como específicos avaliar a validade de face e de conteúdo da EARQUE por especialistas (juízes) da área; a validade semântica da EARQUE na população-alvo e a validade de critério concorrente da EARQUE, a partir QuickScreen® como referência padrão. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, do tipo metodológico. Para a construção e validação do instrumento de rastreio do risco de quedas na pessoa idosa que vivem na comunidade, empregaram-se os procedimentos propostos por Pasquali (2010), a saber: teórico, empírico e analítico. O presente estudo enfatizou a análise teórica dos itens (última parte dos procedimentos teóricos), os procedimentos empíricos e analíticos. Cabe destacar que a construção da EARQUE foi realizada em estudo anterior, no entanto, neste estudo passou por um refinamento antes de prosseguir com a análise teórica. A análise teórica envolve dois momentos. No primeiro, na análise de validade de face e de conteúdo, foram eleitos juízes, ou seja, especialistas na área de saúde da pessoa idosa e do método em questão, os quais julgaram se os itens estavam ou não relacionados ao construto risco de quedas em pessoas idosas. Já no segundo, na análise semântica, a escala foi aplicada em 20 pessoas idosas selecionadas por conveniência no sentido de verificar se todos os itens eram compreensíveis para as mesmas. No delineamento principal, ou seja, nos procedimentos empíricos foi realizado um estudo do tipo Screening avaliativo, de delineamento transversal. A amostra desta etapa foi composta por 854 pessoas idosas. Além da versão piloto da EARQUE, foi aplicado o instrumento QuickScreen® como padrão-ouro. Os idosos foram divididos em dois grupos (I e II) conforme resultados do QuickScreen®, distribuídos da seguinte forma: idosos que pontuaram de 0 a 3 fatores de risco foram alocados para o Grupo I (grupo controle) e aqueles que pontuaram 4 ou mais foram alocados para o Grupo II (grupo de risco (casos). Com a finalidade de caracterizar a amostra, foram realizadas análises descritivas, utilizando medidas de tendência central (média e mediana), de variabilidade (desvio padrão) e distribuição de frequência. Para verificar diferenças de proporções entre os itens da EARQUE com os grupos obtidos a partir da aplicação do QuickScreen® foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado (X2). Como medida de efeito foi empregada a razão de prevalência (RP) e seu respectivo Intervalo de Confiança a 95% (IC95%). Foram consideradas associações significativas àquelas que apresentavam valor de p0,05. A terceira etapa consistiu na realização de análises multivariadas por regressão logística, com o objetivo de identificar a associação entre os vários itens da EARQUE e o maior risco de quedas em pessoas idosas. Assim, inicialmente todas as variáveis da EARQUE foram incluídas na análise multivariada, e à medida que as variáveis se associavam aos itens do QuickScreen® (p0,05), estas eram selecionadas para novas análises multivariadas, consequentemente, as que apresentaram valor de p<0,05 permaneceram no modelo final da escala. Por fim, para avaliação da validade da EARQUE foram utilizadas medidas de precisão: sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo. Para representação dos valores de sensibilidade e especificidade e para identificação do melhor ponto de corte, utilizou-se a curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteritic). Os dados foram organizados no Excel e analisados no software estatístico Med Calc versão 16.4.1. Para todas as análises realizadas considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Ao final dos procedimentos teóricos, a EARQUE dispunha de 44 itens. Com relação às características sociodemográficas, a maioria das pessoas idosas era do sexo feminino (492; 57,6%), com média de idade de 71,87 anos. Após análises comparativas entre os grupos, 27 itens foram inseridos no modelo de regressão. Por fim, nas análises multivariadas por regressão logística, evidenciou-se que apenas 10 itens da EARQUE contribuíram para o maior risco de quedas em pessoas idosas e foram eles: queda anterior, uso de dispositivo de auxílio à marcha, polifarmácia, uso de psicotrópicos, dificuldade para subir ou descer uma ladeira, dificuldade para andar 100 metros, déficit visual e auditivo, baixa atividade física e ambiente mal iluminado. Este modelo de avaliação de risco assume valores de sensibilidade de 91,3% e especificidade de 73,4%. A EARQUE se caracteriza como instrumento válido, simples, de baixo custo e de fácil e rápida aplicação, podendo ser empregado por todos os profissionais de saúde da atenção básica, inclusive por agentes comunitários de saúde, o que se configura como uma contribuição inédita. Dessa forma, esta ferramenta discrimina pessoas idosas com menor e maior risco de quedas e, poderá indicar a necessidade de uma avaliação mais abrangente e mais detalhada, conforme sua classificação de risco - 0 a 2 pontos: baixo risco de quedas; 3 pontos: moderado risco de quedas e 4 ou mais pontos: alto risco de quedas.The main objective of the present study was to validate the Risk of Falling Evaluative Scale (EARQUE) in elderly people that live in the community and its specific aims were to evaluate the EARQUE face and content validity by experts (judges) of the field; the EARQUE semantic validity in the target population; the EARQUE concurrent validity associating its results with the results obtained from the QuickScreen® application. A methodological cross-sectional study that addresses the development. For the construction and the validation of the risk of falling assessment tool in elderly people that live in the community, the procedures proposed by Pasquali (2010) were used, namely: theoretical, empirical and analytical. This study emphasized the theoretical analysis of the items (last part of the theoretical procedures), the empirical an analytical procedures. It should be noted that the construction of EARQUE was carried out in a previous study, however, in this study it went through a refinement before proceeding with the theoretical analysis. The theoretical analysis involves two moments. In the first one, in the face and content validity analysis some judges were chosen, in other words experts from the elderly health field and of the relevant method, that established if the items were related or not to the construct \"risk of falling in elderly people\". In the second, regarding the semantic analysis, the Scale was applied on 20 elderly people selected for convenience with the aim of verifying if all of the items were comprehensible by them. In the empirical procedure a Diagnostic and Screening Test Validation study was carried out. The sample of this stage was composed by 854 elderly people selected by a stratified random sampling procedure with a proportional distribution. Besides the EARQUE pilot version, the QuickScreen® instrument was applied - considering the \"gold-standard\" in this study. The elderly people were divided in two groups (I and II) according to the gold-standard test results and to the QuickScreen® and distributed as follows: elderly people that scored from 0 to 3 risk factors were allocated to the Group I (control group) and those who scored 4 or more than 4 were allocated to the Group II (risk group (cases). With the aim of characterizing the sample, descriptive analyses were realized using measures of central tendency (mean and median), of variability (standard deviation) and of frequency distribution. In order to verify differences of proportions between the EARQUE items and the groups obtained starting from the QuickScreen® application the chi-square test was used (X2). As a measure having an equivalent effect the ratio of prevalence (RP) with its respective Confidence Interval at 95% (IC95%) was used. The significant associations were considered those which showed p values0,05. The third stage consisted in the realization of multivariate logistic regression analyses, with the aim of identifying the association between the EARQUE various items and the higher falling risk in elderly people. Therefore, initially all the EARQUE variables were included in the multivariate analysis and with their association to the QuickScreen® items (p0,05) they were selected for new multivariate analyses and consequently those which showed p values<0,05 remained in the final model of the scale. Finally, for the EARQUE validity evaluation precision measurement were used: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Concerning the representation of the sensitivity and the specificity values and for the identification of the best cut-off point, the ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic) was used. The data were organized in Excel and analyzed in the Med Calc statistic software version 16.4.1. For all the analyses realized a significance level of 5% was considered. At the end of the theoretical procedures, EARQUE had 44 items. Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, the majority of the elderly people were female (492; 57,6%) with an average age of 71,87 years. After comparative analyses between the groups, 27 items were inserted in the regression model. Finally, the multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only 10 EARQUE items contribute for the increase of risk of falling in elderly people and these are referred to the following risk factors: previous falls, use of a walking aid device, polypharmacy, use of psychotropic substances, difficulty to ascend and descend a slope, difficulty to walk for a distance of 100 meters, visual and auditory deficit, a low physical activity and a badly illuminated environment. This stratification model of risk assumes sensitivity values of 91,3% and specificity values of 73,4%. EARQUE is defined as a valid, simple, low-cost and of easy and rapid application instrument, and it can be used by all the primary health care professionals, including by community health agents, which represents an unpublished contribution. Therefore, this tool discriminates elderly people with higher or lower risk of falling and it will be able to initiate a more comprehensive and detailed evaluation, according to the risk classification - from 0 to 2 points: low risk of falling; 3 points: moderate risk of falling and 4 or more than 4: high risk of falling.
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Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás, José Ventura-León, Martín Noe-Grijalva, Miguel Barboza-Palomino, Gallegos Walter L. Arias, Mario Reyes-Bossio, and Claudio Rojas-Jara. "Initial psychometric evidence of a brief measure of cancer worry." Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624637.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Objective: The cancer worry is associated with preventive behaviors for the detection of this disease; However, there is no instrument with evidence of validity and reliability to measure this construct in Latin American countries, including Peru. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) in a sample of people without cancer diagnosis with a family history of cancer. Method: It counted with the participation of 215 healthy people with a family history of cancer who attended the outpatient service of two public and private health institutions in the city of Chimbote with an average age of 42.10 years (SD = 14.05). For the collection of information, an ad hoc sociodemographic record and the Cancer Worry Scale were used. Results: The one-dimensional model presented a good fit of the data (SBχ2 (8) = 14.39, SB χ2 / df = 1.79, CFI = 0.991, SRMR = 0.025, RMSEA = 0.061 [IC90%: 0.000-0.111], AIC = 47.701) and adequate reliability (ω corrected = 0.90; IC95%: 0.88-0.92). Conclusion: It is concluded that the CWS presents adequate psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations of the cáncer worry in the peruvian context.
Revisión por pares
Revisión por pares
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Duku, Eric K. "Assessing Early Child Development: Issues of Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Validity." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24097.
Full textAbstract:
The measurement of reliable and valid indicators of early child development is necessary for assessing phenomena and is useful in the monitoring of ongoing efforts to eradicate inequalities in the social determinants of health. There is an increasing awareness of the contextual, cultural, and developmental influences on constructs used in early child development (ECD) research. Using a measurement perspective, this dissertation examined the issue of measurement invariance and psychometric validity in early child development research. A construct violates the principle of invariance when two persons from different populations who are theoretically identical on the construct being measured have different scores on it.
This dissertation consists of three journal-style manuscripts (published or under review) that were used as examples to address the importance of the issue of measurement invariance and psychometric validity in ECD research using data from two unique areas: autism and executive functioning. The three data sets were collected on pre-school children with parents and or teachers as informants and were chosen to represent different levels of data collection – clinical, community, and population. These data sets allowed for the examination of measurement invariance by type of informant, sex, and age of child. The results from the three studies illustrate the importance of assessing measurement invariance in ECD and whether or not the instruments examined can be used to assess sub-group differences with confidence.
A lack of measurement invariance found for two of the studies, suggests that observed group differences in latent constructs could be attributed, in part, to measurement bias. More importantly, bias in the measurement of the constructs of severity of social impairment symptoms in autism, and executive functioning across groups could have an impact on services such as patient treatment. These biases could also influence public policy development, particularly when there may be an underlying need for a cross-group approach where belief systems may affect the meaning and structure of constructs.
In summary, measurement invariance should be a prerequisite for making any meaningful comparisons across groups. A requirement of establishing measurement invariance should be included in the guidelines for comparative research studies as a necessary first step before an instrument is adopted for use.
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Maia, João Mauricio Castaldelli. "Investigação de critérios diagnósticos utilizados no transtorno do uso de nicotina do DSM-5 em indivíduos da Área Metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-10112017-125101/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: Existe a necessidade do estudo dos critérios diagnósticos compartilhados pelo DSM-IV, CID-10 e DSM-5 dentro do conceito de Transtorno do Uso de Tabaco (TUT) proposto pelo último em amostras representativas da população geral de países de média e baixa rendas. Um estudo desse tipo pode produzir dados relevantes para a operacionalização dos critérios do TUT em indivíduos brasileiros. OBJETIVOS: Testar critérios diagnósticos compartilhados pelo DSM-IV, DSM-5 e pela CID-10, que foram investigados como parte de um esforço de corroboração e aperfeiçoamento diagnóstico do conceito de TUT unidimensional proposto pelo DSM-5, que se voltou ao presente teste de hipóteses. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos o software Mplus para rodar modelos de: (i) Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) para pesquisar modelos fenotípicos dimensionais; (ii) Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) para analisar o grau de gravidade e discriminação comparativa entre 9 critérios do TUT com o auxílio de gráficos da função de resposta; (iii) Funcionamento Diferencial de Critério (FDC) para análise de erro de medida em subgrupos sóciodemográficos, de transtornos psiquiátricos ou de doenças clínicas; e (iv) Análise de Classes Latentes (ACL) para a pesquisa de subgrupos de indíviduos ao longo da estrutura unidimensional do TUT. RESULTADOS: Os critérios do TUT se agruparam da forma mais parcimoniosa em um modelo de 1 fator. Foi confirmada a posição do critério Given Up como o mais grave dentre os critérios do TUT, e de Larger/Longer e Physical/Psychological como tendo propriedades de alta e baixa discriminação, respectivamente. Importantemente, não foi encontrado FDC no fator unidimensional e em algum dos critérios do TUT da mesma variável externa no mesmo modelo, o que invalidaria a aplicabilidade do TUT para alguma categoria sócio-demográfica, psiquiátrica ou médica. Encontramos três agrupamentos de indivíduos (classes latentes) com progressiva sintomatologia. A classe intermediária se associou a alta renda, e mais grave aos transtornos psiquiátricos. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo explorou e reforçou a estrutura unidimensional do TUT pela primeira vez em um país de média renda, dando suporte à utilização do conceito diagnóstico unidimensional proposto pelo DSM-5, até em sub-populações classicamente mais afetadas pelo TUT, como fumantes de baixa renda, com transtornos psiquiátricos ou doenças clínicas. Porém, dentro dessa estrutura dimensional existem critérios que podem ser usados como marcadores de gravidade para localizar o fumante ao longo do continuum do TUT (Given Up e Larger/Longer). Alta renda pode ser um correlato de TUT mais leve em países de média renda, diferente do que acontece nos países de alta renda, e merece futuras investigações. A comorbidade psiquiátrica parece ser a regra para fumantes graves independentemente do grau de desenvolvimento do paísINTRODUCTION: The diagnostic criteria included in the concept of Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD), and shared by DSM-IV, ICD-10 and DSM-5, as proposed by the latter, clearly need to be studied in detail in general population representative samples of low- and middle-income countries. A study of this type could well furnish relevant data for the operationalization of TUD criteria in Brazilians. OBJECTIVES: To test diagnostic criteria shared by DSM-5, DSM-IV and ICD-10, investigated as part of an effort to corroborate and improve the unidimensional diagnosis concept of TUD proposed by DSM-5 that returned the present test of hypotheses. METHODS: We used Mplus software to run models of (i) Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to investigate dimensional phenotypic models; (ii) Item Response Theory (IRT) to analyze degrees of severity and comparative discrimination among 9 TUD criteria illustrated by response function graphs; (iii) Differential Criterion Functioning (DCF) for measurement error analysis in sociodemographic subgroups, psychiatric disorders and clinical diseases; and (iv) Latent Class Analysis (LCA) for the investigation of subgroups of individuals within the unidimensional structure of the TUD. RESULTS: TUD criteria were grouped in a one-factor model as the most parsimonious. Given Up criterion was confirmed as the most severe of the TUD criteria, and Larger/Longer and Physical/Psychological criteria as having high and low discrimination properties, respectively. Of great significance was the absence of DCF in both the one-dimensional factor and in some of the TUD criteria of the same external variable within the same model, thereby validating the applicability of TUD to socio-demographic, psychiatric and medical categories tested. We found three groups of individuals (latent classes) with progressive symptomatology. The intermediate class was associated with high income, and more severe psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION: This study explored and reinforced the one-dimensional TUD structure for the first time in a middle-income country, supporting the use of the one-dimensional diagnostic concept as proposed by DSM-5, even in subpopulations classically more affected by TUD, such as low income, and individuals with psychiatric disorders or clinical diseases. However, within this dimensional structure, there are criteria that can be used as severity markers to locate the smoker along the continuum of TUD (i.e., Given Up and Larger/Longer). High income may be a correlate of lighter TUD in middle-income countries, different from what has been found in high-income countries, and this deserves future research. Psychiatric comorbidity seems to be the rule for serious smokers, regardless of the developmental level of the country
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Bezuidenhout, Johannes Hendrik Coenraad. "The psychometric properties of the COPE in selected occupations in South Africa / J.H.C. Bezuidenhout." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1242.
Full textAbstract:
Coping strategies represent the efforts, both behavioural and cognitive, that people invest in
order to deal with stressful encounters. Coping is a basic component for developing
adaptation and plays a major role in the relationship between the individual and the
environment, especially as a moderating element between stress and sickness. Against this
backdrop of the impact that the well-being of employees has on organisations, it is of the
essence that organisations need to understand how their members cope with the demands
which the organisation places on them. This understanding can assist organisations to
evaluate the resources they make available to help employees to cope more positively with
the demands placed upon them.
The general objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the
Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced Questionnaire (COPE) within different
occupational groups in South Africa, to examine the construct equivalence and to assess
reliability. A swey design was used. Random samples (N = 3178) were taken from
electricity supply personnel, nurses and police officials, and the COPE was administered.
Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA) were used to analyse the data.
Exploratory factor analysis, using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation, was
conducted on 53 items of the COPE and revealed four interpretable factors (Factor 1 =
Approach Coping; Factor 2 = Avoidance; Factor 3 = Seeking Support; and Factor 4 = Turn to
Religion). Highly acceptable Tucker's phi coefficients were found for all the comparisons,
and therefore, sufficient evidence for the construct equivalence of the COPE was
demonstrated. Alpha coefficients, ranging from 0,85 to 0,92, were obtained. Statistically
significant differences were found between the coping strategies employed within the
different organisational, gender and language groups.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Svedberg, Petra, Bodil Ivarsson, Ulrica G. Nilsson, Åsa Roxberg, Amir Baigi, David Brunt, Margareta Brännström, et al. "Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of Krantz Health Opinion Survey." Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, HV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22376.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psy- chometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A conven- ience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association at ten local meeting places in different areas in Sweden. The questionnaire was examined for face and content validity, internal con-sistency and test-retest reliability. The findings showed that the Swedish version of KHOS is accept- able in terms of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability over time among 79 individuals >65 years of age and with a cardiac disease. In conclusion, wider evaluations of the psy- chometric use of KHOS for other populations and settings are recommended.SAMMI
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Ek, Anders, and Petra Östlund. "Internet Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) Applied to One Clinical and Two Nonclinical Samples." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29711.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the utility of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (MS) as a self-report screening measure of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). It also assessed whether there were any differences in the way in which respondents used the MS and other self-report measures when administered via the internet, as compared to standard pen and paper format. Data was collected from Swedish populations, using on clinical sample (n=133) and two samples of university students (n=795). The MS demonstrated adequate concurrent, convergent and divergent validity, and satisfactory discriminative validity, with an optimal cut-off value of 3. The psychometric properties of the scale were found to be equivalent across administration formats.Denna studie undersökte nyttan av Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (MS), ett kort självskattat screeningformulär för socialt ångestsyndrom (SAD). I studien undersöktes även om det fanns skillnader i användning av MS och andra självskattningsformulär när dessa administrerades via internet jämfört med det vanliga pennaoch-papper-formatet. Data samlades in från svenska populationer genom användning av ett kliniskt sample (n=133)och två samples bestående av universitetsstuderande (n=795). MS uppvisade adekvat samtidig, konvergent och divergent validitet samt tillfredsställande diskriminativ validitet, med ett optimalt cut-off-värde på tre. De psykometriska egenskaperna hos skalan ansågs vara likvärdiga mellan de olika administrationsformaten.
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Drysdale, Michael J. "Psychometric Properties of Postsecondary Students' Course Evaluations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/783.
Full textAbstract:
Several experts in the area of postsecondary student evaluations of courses have concluded that they are stable or reliable measures as well as being measures that provide ways of making valid inferences regarding teacher effectiveness. Often these experts have offered these conclusions without supporting evidence. Surprisingly, a thorough review of the literature revealed very few reported test-retest reliability studies of course evaluations and the results from these studies are contradictory. In the area of validity, the conclusions offered by scholars who conducted meta-analyses of mutlisection course studies are inconsistent. This leads to the following two research questions:
1. What is the test-retest reliability over a 3-week period of the course evaluation currently employed at Utah State University?
2. Can results of the course evaluation employed at Utah State University be used to make valid inferences about a teacher's effectiveness?
Two parts of a study were conducted to answer these questions. First, a test-retest reliability part was conducted with students from courses at Utah State University, employing a 3-week time lapse between administrations of the course evaluations. Second, a multisection course validity part was conducted using existing student ratings data and final examination scores for 100 sections of MATH 1010 over a 5-year period. Correlational analyses were conducted on the resulting data from both studies. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94 were found. In the second study, the correlation coefficients from the validity study ranged from -0.39 to 0.71, with a mean coefficient of 0.14 and 0.11 for final examination score by instructor rating and final examination score by course rating, respectively. Results from both parts of the study suggest that the course evaluation used at USU is not reliable and that results of the course evaluation do not provide information that can be used to make valid inferences regarding teacher effectiveness.
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Strydom, Madelyn. "A psychometric evaluation of the Job Demands-Resources Scale in South Africa / Madelyn Strydom." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1109.
Full textAbstract:
Although different occupations/organisations have unique work characteristics, it seems
possible to divide them into two categories, namely job demands and job resources. A valid,
equivalent and reliable instrument is needed to measure job demands and resources and to
compare them among different occupations/organisations. The aim of this study was to
investigate the construct equivalence, validity and reliability of a measuring instrument of job
demands and resources and to assess the differences between the job demands and job
resources in various occupations/organisations in South Africa.
A cross-sectional survey design was used. A stratified random sample (N = 2717) was taken
from a population consisting of employees in various occupations and organisations. The
occupations/organisations included academics (higher education institutions), staff at a
university of technology, correctional officers. insurance staff and engineers. The Job
Demands-Resources Scale (JDRS) was used to assess job demands and job resources in the
different occupations/organisations. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis,
reliability analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyse the data.
Five reliable factors were extracted using principal component analysis, namely: overload,
growth opportunities, organisational support, advancement and job insecurity. The results
showed that the structure of job demands and job resources in the different
occupations/organisations were equivalent. with the exception of one factor, namely
organisational support.
Engineers showed higher scores on overload and growth opportunities than
Occupations/organisations. Academics in higher education institutions also experienced more
growth opportunities than other groups. Engineers, academics in higher education institutions
and employees in the insurance industry reported higher levels of organisational support than
correctional officers and employees at a university of technology. Engineers obtained the
highest score on advancement, while academics in higher education institutions obtained the
lowest scores. Job insecurity was the highest for correctional officers and employees of a
university of technology, and the lowest for engineers.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Liu, Yun, and Yun Liu. "Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire in Chinese College Students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624553.
Full textAbstract:
As an international phenomenon, school bullying negatively impacts children, adolescents, and young adults all over the world. In China, bullying problem has drawn increased research attention in recent years. Research on school bullying depends on valid and reliable measurement of bullying and victimization behaviors. Unfortunately, however, psychometrically sound bullying measures for use with Chinese students are lacking. The Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire (RPEQ) is a widely used self-report bullying measure that has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in students from the United States and several European countries. In the current study, the psychometric properties and factor structure of the RPEQ were examined with a sample of Chinese college students.
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Thorsdottir, Fanney. "On the validity of attitude measurements in survey research : a comparison of psychometric models." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419492.
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Long, Cecilia Grace. "Psychometric and behavioural examination of the validity of 'food addiction' in the general population." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22872/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Some people attribute the failure to control their consumption of frequently consumed, often highly palatable foods to 'Food Addiction' (FA), but the scientific validity and utility of this term is disputed. In 2009, a tool was developed in an attempt to diagnose and measure the severity of so-called FA: the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), which has formed the cornerstone of the human experimental literature on FA. This thesis aims to examine the psychometric construct of FA and the YFAS through: a systematic literature review (Chapter 2); examining the psychometric properties of the YFAS using factor analysis (Chapter 3) and a comparison with a widely-used measure of trait binge eating (Chapter 4) and; exploring the role of YFAS scores on food perceptions (Chapter 5), and homeostatic (Chapter 6) and hedonic (Chapter 7) control of appetite. Results: Much of the literature on FA made the assumption that food addiction is a valid diagnosable condition. However, this interpretation was based on very limited data (Chapter 2) and a tool with weak psychometric properties (Chapter 3) which was not able to distinguish behavioural characteristics from those identified by the Binge Eating Scale (BES; Chapter 4). High fat and energy dense foods were perceived as most associated with 'problematic eating behaviours' and 'addictive potential', though these perceptions were not related to YFAS scores (Chapter 5). Higher YFAS scores were associated with lower habitual physical activity, but no impairment to homeostatic control of food intake (Chapter 6), though high YFAS scorers demonstrated greater energy and fat intake, along with a preference for high fat sweet foods and snacks (Chapter 7). Conclusion: It was concluded that FA appears synonymous with strong preferences towards highly palatable foods, especially high fat, sweet snacks. The work in the thesis found no strong evidence that food addiction (as measured by the YFAS) is associated with 'addictive' food behaviour or obesity. Research and debate surrounding the YFAS may divert attention and resources away from identifying and addressing the psychobiological determinants of overeating.