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Honorato, Carlos Eduardo de Moraes. "Vontade e juízo na avaliação psiquiátrica das internações involuntárias." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6031.
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O trabalho reflete acerca dos critérios referentes à avaliação psiquiátrica nas internações e tratamento involuntários. A restrição da liberdade é infração aos direitos do homem e, se ela é justificada em nome da patologia mental, qualificá-la é um imperativo legal e ético. Historicamente, a internação crônica em hospitais psiquiátricos levou à exclusão social e rompimento dos laços significativos da vida pessoal. Nos serviços de emergência ela é muitas vezes determinada em nome de um risco. Assim, é proposta uma análise crítica (à semelhança da desconstrução de Derrida e da genealogia de Foucault) do saber médico-psiquiátrico, que é ferramenta essencial do trabalho clínico. Um panorama dos arranjos dos dispositivos públicos de regulação das internações psiquiátricas involuntárias no ocidente mostra a inter-relação de um modelo médico com um modelo legalista (focado nos direitos dos pacientes), cada qual com seus ganhos e dificuldades. A medicalização da vida humana é um fenômeno do mundo moderno, e é vista como um processo dinâmico, onde a apropriação das categorias médicas por parte dos usuários e familiares também gera empoderamento e mudanças. Vemos como, historicamente, o viés moral da práxis realizada no hospital psiquiátrico é indissociável da construção do saber, e a psicopatologia oficial é de uma nosologia descritiva; mas o trabalho clínico permite outras psicopatologias, mais participativas, centradas na relação do sujeito com o mundo, que possam servir a ele como instrumentos de compreensão e ajuda na experiência vivida. Assim, a categoria da vontade em psicopatologia clássica adota a perspectiva aristotélica de uma deliberação racional, mas a leitura filosófica de Arendt destaca a centralidade da liberdade e da espontaneidade inerentes ao conceito. Esta dicotomia entre vontade livre e determinação traz repercussões para a clínica e para a justiça, como nos casos da avaliação da responsabilidade dos pacientes sobre seus atos. Neste campo, assim como na avaliação do juízo crítico, a ciência não garante a objetividade totalizante, deixando sempre a decisão sobre a internação psiquiátrica involuntária na dependência do político, da moral e da ética que constituem a clínica.This work is a reflection on the criteria used in psychiatric practice to justify involuntary detention and treatment. The restriction of freedom is an infringement of human rights, and if it is to be justified on the grounds of mental pathology, it must be legally and ethically qualified. Historically, long term internment of people in psychiatric institutions led to social exclusion and the rupture of importante social and personhood ties. Emergency hospitalization is often justified on the grounds of risk. Hence, a critical analysis is offered (along the lines of Derridas deconstruction and Foucaults genealogy), of our current medical-psychiatric understanding, which is the foundation of all clinical work. An overview of the many arrangements for psychiatric involuntary detention on a variety of Western countries demonstrates an interplay between medical and legal (rights based) models. These arrangements all come with benefits and challenges. The medicalization of human life is a modern, world-wide phenomenon, and is viewed as a dynamics process where the appropriation of medical categories by users and their families also produces empowerment and change. We see how, historically, moral bias of practice performed at psychiatric hospitals is inseparable to knowledge construction, and oficial psychopathology is a descriptive nosology, but clinical practice allows other psychopathologies, more participative ones, centered on the relations between the subject and the world, which may help him to understand and survive life experiences. Thus classical pathology adopts a rational aristotelian approach to understanding the concept of Will, while the philosophical view of Arendt emphasizes the centrality of freedom and spontaneity. The inherent dichotomy between free Will and determinism leads to clinical and legal repercussions, in the case of assessing a patients level of responsibility for his actions. In this field, as in the evaluation of a patients level of insight, science does not warrant total objectivity. Hence the decisions about psychiatric involuntary detention will always depend on the basis of the complex interplay between politics, morality and ethics, basis of all clinical work.
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Moreton, Cecily. "Executive coaching for conscious leadership insight into insight /." View thesis, 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46648.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2006.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Nordick, Wendy Gale. "Insight into insight : a study on understanding schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social Work and Human Services, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2531.
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The lack of insight into their illness continues to be a significant barrier to treatment for people with schizophrenia. However, some people with the illness do develop insight which then results in stability and recovery from their condition. Having met the criteria of good insight, nineteen participants participated in semi-structured interviews exploring the concept of insight and recovery in the context of their personal experiences. Research design used grounded theory methodology layered with a further narrative analysis. The literature review and theoretical perspectives of care provide the context for the research, thus illuminating the known and determining what mysteries in insight development remain.
Study findings revealed a Paradox of Insight within a 3-stage process of insight development: The Period of Chaos, the Dynamic Period, and the Period of Wisdom. An overarching Theory of Dangerousness explains the turning point from illness to recovery. This turning point occurs with a Trinity of Crisis. Within this theory, Four Constructions of Dangerousness explain how the meaning making of dangerousness affects recovery. Additionally, Four Types of Insight support this recovery.
The importance, meaning, and relevance of study findings for recovery are the focus of the discussion. Six inter-rator focus groups affirmed the findings. Policy and practice implications are discussed, along with recommendations for further research and the acknowledgement of study limitations.
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Said, Emanuel. "Insight into action : how firms use customer insight." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9274.
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Customer insight is fundamental for market oriented organizations to understand their markets. However, the use of customer insight in marketing decisions is poorly understood, partly due to the difficulties in obtaining research access within organizations. But in part because under the perspective of market-based learning (MBL) theory, knowledge is a fixed asset so while there has been interest in insight acquisition, there has been less interest in the processes of insight use.
This doctoral research focuses on managers’ use of customer insight within the organisation. It applies the case research method within two organisations using multiple sources of data, including interviews with multiple individuals and real-time experience tracking over a period of time. A framework of the process of insight use is developed from a review of literature and then explored and expanded upon through case study analysis.
The emergent framework provides a more granular understanding of the multiple stages of the customer insight use cycle within an organization. It identifies that the insight use process is a perpetual feedback loop learning mechanism and involves several stages identified as: acquiring, filtering, transforming, sharing, analysing/interpreting, actioning and storing. The study finds that some phases are more likely to involve an individual manager while others are more likely to involve managers working collectively. For instance, the stages of acquisition and transforming tend to be individual while the stages relating to interpretation and actioning of insight tend to be collective. Managers may also opt to store insight as their next step for potential actioning at a later stage after any of the process stages. In addition to identifying the stages of insight use, this study identifies the pivotal role of organizational memory in the insight use process. Enablers and blockers of insight use are identified including that managers may respond to perceived information overload by (consciously or unconsciously) blocking information.A key contribution of this thesis is that it incorporates the first use in an organizational behaviour context, of the real-time experience tracking (RET) method. This pioneering use of RET demonstrates that this method may address some of the limitations that plague traditional participant observation techniques in organizational settings, such as active or moderate participation. It demonstrates that RET can be used to track the insight use process of individuals in organizations over time, helping to understand their individual and collective insight use processes.
This multi-informant, multi-method study of customer insight use thus provides a deeper understanding of the processes of customer insight use than most previous MBL studies, which have typically employed single-informant, cross-sectional survey approaches. Practitioner implications include that new individual competencies in information use may be needed and that organisations may need to foster a new code of etiquette for information sharing and feedback between peers in organizations operating in today’s information rich environment.
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Reynolds, Martina. "Intrusions and psychopathology." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267868.
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Pitchford, Ian. "Evolutionary developmental psychopathology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246994.
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Woudenberg, Tara Marisa. "Eye insight." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8383.
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Dissertação para Obtenção do grau de Mestrado em Arte e Ciência do VidroThe purpose of this research is to gain more understanding of the scientific language. Black symbols and representations of the natural world are used to communicate complex thoughts in various dimensions. Through the process of purification I communicated with confusion and the privilege of being ignorant became my inspiration. My new self is like the alchemists; investigating in new dimensions where symbols and imagery exist to comprehend the always-surrounding unknown. With soda-lime and flat glass I created solid glass symbols. Through the microscope I looked at organic specimens and self-made glass samples and recorded what I saw. Every detail is an indispensable part of an important whole and perceiving is the key to entering new universes. My encounter with science has given me the tools to develop a greater awareness to investigate why and how I am making art. I am convinced that artists and scientists are similar in seeing the universe in unique and specific ways. It is only the representations of those visions that are phrased in different languages.
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Portala, Kamilla. "Psychopathology in Wilson's Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1535.
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Wilson's disease (WD), bepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, and is characterised by abnormal metabolism and deposition of copper in the liver, brain and other organs. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the occurrence of psychopathology, as well as personality traits and neuropsychological function in Swedish patients with treated WD. The research subjects were 29 patients with confirmed WD, investigated at the Department of Internal Medicine at Uppsala University Hospital between 1996 and 2000.
The treated WD patients showed prominent psychopathology as determined by the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. The spectrum of psychopathological symptoms is not typical of classic psychiatric syndromes, and includes symptoms from Anxiety, Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive disorders as well as Negative Symptoms. In self-assessment, the WD patients tended to underestimate the presence of psychopathological symptoms. The treated WD patients differed in their sleep pattern from the control group, as measured with the Uppsala Sleep Inventory. The spectrum of self-reported symptoms suggests an altered REM sleep function.
The treated WD patients had significant deviations in personality traits, especially in aggressivity-hostility related scales and Psychic anxiety, compared to healthy controls, as measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality. The deviations were not related to age, age at onset or duration of WD. The treated WD patients displayed a specific profile of moderate neuropsychological impairment, as determined by the Automated Psychological Test battery. Finally, an attempt was made to search for, possible genotype-phenotype relationships in some ATP7B mutations.
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Portala, Kamilla 1961. "Psychopathology in Wilson's disease." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5167-5/.
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Greene, Eric Matthew. "Social sources of psychopathology." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612303.
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The purpose of this study is to identify sources of psychopathology outside of the fundamental ideology of mainstream clinical psychology. Contemporary western clinical psychology has aligned itself with a fundamental ideology which maintains that pathogenesis is found in the individual and not in the social or political world. This paper will argue that psychology has become oppressive. The clinical application of this exposition will include a psychological interpretation of the collective Jewish narrative, thereby demonstrating the importance of identifying the source of psychopathology as originating in cultural and historical contexts, not simply within the person. The dissertation therefore encompasses individual and social psychology. The design used will be narrative. At this stage in the research, the collective Jewish narratives will be defined as the combined narratives of Jewish persons and Jewish history.
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Brown, Lucy Scott. "Attachment and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299516.
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Farrington, Alice. "Dissociation and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326578.
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Bitter, James Robert. "Adlerian Perspectives on Psychopathology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5238.
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Understanding the purpose and functional dynamics of those suffering with a clinical diagnosis is one of the first steps in conceptualizing effective interventions in psychotherapy. This bloc focuses on case conceptualization from diagnosis to treatment, using Adlerian principles to help re-direct clients toward the useful side of life. Working with anxiety, depression, trauma, and schizophrenia and delusional disorders is emphasised.
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Croft, Simone. "Maternal and child psychopathology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12417/.
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Evidence suggests that maternal depressed mood (MDM) and childhood emotional and behavioural disorders (EBDs) frequently co-occur. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the nature of how these psychopathologies develop together across childhood. This epidemiology study uses a large British birth cohort, the Millennium Cohort Study, which charts the development of over 19,000 families throughout the UK. Five subscales of child behaviour were assessed using the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measured at age 3 and the standard school-age SDQ assessed at ages 5, 7, and 11. MDM was measured concurrently using the Kessler 6 scale. A prerequisite stage of analysis involved testing the psychometric invariance properties of the preschool SDQ (Chapter 2). The reliability and construct validity of this measure was established. Measurement invariance across time and predictive criterion validity were demonstrated across preschool to school-age developmental stages. The preschool SDQ was used in conjunction with the school-age SDQ and MDM scales to confirm reciprocity of mother and child behaviours across childhood in Chapter 3. Bidirectional effects were significant and positive across each assessment. The magnitude of effects did not differ by developmental stage, child gender or by agent (mother/child). In Chapter 4, features of change in mother and child behaviours were assessed. Using second order parallel process growth models, initial levels of MDM and all child behaviours were positively and significantly correlated indicating interrelatedness of maternal and child psychopathologies. Child externalizing behaviours at age 3 were significantly negatively correlated with change in MDM over time thus declines in MDM were lower for mothers of children high in externalizing behaviours. MDM at age 3 was significantly, positively correlated with change in peer problems, thus children of mothers with high levels of MDM at age 3 had slower declines in peer problems over time. Results from these studies confirm the interrelatedness of mother and child psychopathologies. Quantitative differences in the relationship between MDM and internalizing compared to MDM and externalizing problems emerged. The practical and clinical implications of these studies are discussed.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Emerald Insight Journals." Emerald Publishing Limited, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655299.
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Ruda, Frank. "The Impossible InSight." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73702.
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Sellers, Ruth. "Mothers with recurrent depression : co-occurring psychopathology and parenting as risks for offspring psychopathology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46104/.
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Offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk of developing a variety of psychopathologies. Risk factors and mechanisms for the development of these heterogeneous outcomes are poorly understood. Disruptions in the mother-child relationship may be one mechanism by which maternal depression increases risk for offspring psychopathology. Many adults with depression present with co-occurring psychopathology, but how these co-occurring problems affect offspring risk, or impact upon the mother-child relationship, has rarely been considered. Data were from the Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression study. Mothers with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder and their adolescent offspring were assessed three times between 2007 and 2011. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing their own depression severity and co-occurring psychopathology (anxiety, antisocial behaviour (ASB), and alcohol misuse). Offspring psychopathology (presence of psychiatric disorder, symptoms of depression, anxiety and disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD)) were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. The mother-child relationship was assessed using parent-rated questionnaires and an interviewer-rated speech sample. Co-occurring problems in mothers predicted new-onset psychiatric disorder in offspring; this remained significant after controlling for maternal depression severity. When investigating the specificity of risk for offspring, maternal co-occurring ASB was specifically associated with offspring DBD, whereas maternal depression severity predicted offspring depression. The mother-child relationship mediated the effect of maternal depression severity on risk for offspring psychopathology. However this was better accounted for by co-occurring maternal ASB, which predicted both maternal warmth and hostility. Maternal hostility was a specific risk factor for offspring DBD. Bidirectional effects were observed between offspring DBD and maternal hostility. Findings highlight the importance of assessing co-occurring psychopathology in mothers with recurrent depression when considering risk for offspring. Parenting interventions that reduce hostility may be beneficial for preventing or reducing adolescent DBD, particularly when depressed mothers report additional ASB. Furthermore, interventions that reduce offspring DBD may also show benefits for the mother-child relationship.
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Carter, Stephen Peter. "The psychopathology of school violence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ29025.pdf.
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Hartman, Catharina Annette. "Changing concepts of child psychopathology." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : TT-Publicaties ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/81075.
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Sheldon, Lisa. "Dissociation, core beliefs, and psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299514.
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Bennett, R. "Shame and psychopathology in adolescence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446541/.
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Shame has been theorised to contribute to several areas of psychopathology that are particularly prominent in adolescence. However, it is an area that has received little attention in empirical research to date. In order to explore the role of shame in the development of adolescent psychological problems, a cross-sectional study was conducted which involved one hundred and sixty teenagers from an Inner London school. Data regarding psychological problems, current shame-proneness, and perception of parenting were collected via questionnaires. Adolescent psychological problems were shown to be associated with shame and no effect was found for age or gender. It was also found that shame, parental styles of overprotection and emotional unavailability, and psychological problems were all related in adolescence, similar to previous findings with adults, and that shame partially mediated the relationships of parenting styles and emotional problems. Furthermore, the independent effect of shame seemed to have a greater effect on psychological problems than did peer group difficulties, which may suggest that even through the 'rebellious' phase of adolescence, parenting style holds more importance psychologically, to the teenager, than peer relationships. The findings imply that feelings of shame may be a useful focus in therapy with teenagers and that preventative interventions aimed at altering parenting style could be implemented before the child reaches adolescence for a better effect.
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O'Dowd, S. A. "The interpersonal dimension of psychopathology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002075.
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It is argued that two large groups of disorders can be distinguished in the field of psychopathology, (1) which divide between them the psychoses, neuroses and personality disorders; ( 2) the dynamics of which are those of Klein's paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions, respectively; and (3) which are distinguished by nine basic contrasts in symptomatology and dynamics, all of which are expressive of the opposition self-centred/other-centred. These three hypotheses form the interpersonal model of psychopathology, and are supported by argument from works of Foulds, Jung, Abraham, Fairbairn, Klein, Angyal, Winnicott and Heidegger. It is suggested that the interpersonal model can facilitate the dialogue between psychoanalysis and phenomenology
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White, Hannah J. "Family mealtimes and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19610.
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This thesis examines aspects of adolescent family mealtimes and psychopathology among both non-clinical (adolescents and mothers of adolescents) and clinical (adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN)) samples. It contains seven studies employing quantitative methodology, which address three broad aims. First, to examine relationships between aspects of family mealtimes and psychopathology among adolescents. Second, to examine links between family mealtime emotions and psychopathology among mothers of adolescents. Finally, to examine associations between specific parental mealtime interactions and adolescent outcomes during a therapeutic meal session for adolescents with AN. Self-report questionnaires were completed by non-clinical adolescents and mothers of adolescents to examine associations between characteristics of family mealtimes (mealtime environment, mealtime emotions and parental feeding practices) and eating psychopathology, anxiety and depression. In addition, observational analyses were conducted on recordings of the family meal session (session two) of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent AN. Key findings from this research include: identifying a new factor structure for the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire when used in research with adolescents; developing a measure to assess mealtime emotions in both adolescents and their parents; and, identifying the feeding strategies used by parents of adolescents with AN during the family meal session of FBT. Overall, the findings reported on in this thesis suggest that family mealtimes may have an important protective role in adolescent psychopathology. In addition to providing frequent family mealtimes, families should be encouraged to concentrate on the positivity of the mealtime environment and emotional experience, which may help to promote psychological well-being, and lower levels of eating psychopathology among adolescents. In relation to family mealtimes within adolescent AN, the findings increase understanding of the types of mealtime strategies parents use with their adolescent child to encourage food consumption during the family meal session of FBT. Furthermore, the research findings highlight that certain strategies may be effective in promoting eating during the session and weight gain later on in treatment. Consequently, such findings might provide a focus for therapists when supporting and coaching parents during the family meal session.
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Walsh, Kenneth Ronald 1966. "Generating insight for reengineering." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290606.
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As organizations face stiff competition and changing environments their structure and systems can become less effective to a point at which they require radical change. It is becoming clear that change is often inevitable. However, radical change is difficult. The popular term "reengineering" is used to describe a process by which organizations undergo the challenging radical process change that is critical to remaining competitive. Although the processes of reengineering appears to have more potential than other change methods that merely tweak a poor system or apply outdated principles, it can often fail. A critical step in the reengineering process is the design of the "to-be" model, however no research has been done on how this should be achieved. It appears that improving this step can have a dramatic impact on the success of the reengineering effort as a whole. This study developed a method for creating "to-be" models and tested it with an organization undergoing reengineering. The method used the latest computer support including both group support systems and animated simulation. The design of the "to-be" models was framed as a group problem solving process and therefore the focus theory of group productivity was used to guide the design of the process, including selection of computer support tools. Because so little is known about the process of creating "to-be" models, this study used an exploratory action science approach. What is known about organizational change is that it takes place in a politically charged arena where individuals have strong vested interests in its outcomes. This environment is difficult to create in the laboratory and therefore the research was conducted using a real organization undergoing reengineering. Results suggest that the combined use of collaborative technology and process animation gives organization members a better understanding of current processes and problems associated with them and helps to generate significant ideas for process improvement. Because groups viewing a process animation have sometimes been observed to focus on incremental improvement at the expense of radical change, special attention must be given to facilitation methods and idea generation techniques that are designed to elicit radical change ideas.
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Spence, Robert. "The acquisition of insight." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363112.
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Wilsby, Astrid. "Insight in cellulose degradation." Thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302670.
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I strävan efter att minska textilindustrins omfattande miljöpåverkan utvecklas nya metoder för textilåtervinning. Idag återvinns bomullstyg av Renewcell på deras anläggning i Kristinehamn. Den återvunna produkten, Circulose®, är en dissolvingmassa som kan användas för att spinna nya viskosfibrer som man i sin tur kan använda för att göra nya kläder. Föreliggande arbete är en förstudie om möjligheten att optimera Renewcellls återvinningsprocess. Arbetet inkluderar en optimering av massaprocessen vilket resulterar i en mer effektiv process som minskar förbrukningen av processkemikalier.To reduce the extensive environmental impact of the textile industry, new methods for textile recycling are being developed. Today, cotton-based fabric is recycled by Renewcell at their facility in Kristinehamn. The recycled product, Circulose®, is a dissolving pulp that can be used to spin new viscose fibers, which in turn can be used to make new clothes. The present work is a feasibility study on the possibility of optimizing Renewcell's recycling process. The work includes an optimization of the pulp process, which results in a more efficient process with a reduced consumption of process chemicals.
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Henok, Niyat. "Systemic insight : the interplay between interactivity, incubation and transfer in insight problem solving." Thesis, Kingston University, 2018. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/42276/.
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Classical perspectives on problem solving are embedded in computational models of insight problem solving, such as the information-processing model (e.g., Newell & Simon, 1972). Problem-solving activity is viewed as a product of information-processing in which people see or hear problem information, think about the solution, then produce the solution: see or hear, think, then act. More recently, Ohlsson (2011) suggested people solve problems by mentally restructuring the problem information. Hence, insight comes about as a consequence of restructuring (Weisberg, 2014). As such, the origin of insight is commonly understood as a mental experience. However, the traditional frameworks explaining the insight experience commonly overlook the influence of reasoners' immediate environment. Systemic cognition frameworks such as the Extended Mind Thesis (Clark & Chalmers, 1998), Distributed Cognition (Hollan, Hutchins, & Kirsh, 2000) and the Systemic Thinking Model (Vallée-Tourangeau, Abadie, & Vallée-Tourangeau, 2015; Vallée-Tourangeau & Vallée-Tourangeau, 2017) assume information-processing is augmented when spread across mental and physical resources. When presented with a physical representation of a task, making changes to that physical representation, even arbitrary ones, may offer cues to new strategies, enabling better planning and efficiency in progressing towards a goal. Accordingly, the opportunity to interact and coordinate with the immediate environment enhances insight performance. This thesis sought to explore insight performance from a systemic cognition perspective. The research program investigated how the level of interactivity influenced solution rate in the Cheap Necklace Problem (de Bono, 1967; Silveira, 1971). Across four experiments, participants attempted to solve the problem either in a low interactivity condition, using only pen-and-paper and relying heavily on mental restructuring, or in a high interactivity condition, with a physical model of the problem with constituent elements they could manipulate while attempting to find a solution. The results across the experiments confirmed that increasing the level of interactivity resulted in enhanced insight performance. Incubation and transfer are often upheld as key determinants for insight performance. Thus, in addition to exploring the impact of interactivity, the experiments investigated how interactivity may interact with incubation and transfer to promote insight. To measure incubation effects, participants in the first two experiments reattempted the same problem after a two-week break. There was evidence of an incubation effect as performance substantially improved on the subsequent attempt. To explore transfer, a new Cheap Necklace Problem variant was introduced, which participants in the final two experiments attempted following the original version of the problem. Transfer was evident as participants were able to successfully transfer their solution to solve the new variant. Moreover, overall performance improved on the subsequent problem. Across the four experiments, the level of interactivity offered on the second problem attempt was important: When the problem presentation changed (low interactivity to high interactivity or high interactivity to low interactivity) performance only improved when working in a highly interactive task environment second. Thus, insight through interactivity fosters stronger performance on both the initial and subsequent task. This thesis further explored how interactivity prompts insight in a dynamic agent-environment by recording and analysing participants' actions. One important finding from these behavioural analyses was the fact that those who spent the largest proportion of their time reconfiguring the task environment, thus making the most of the malleability of the artefacts available, were also most likely to reach insight.
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Bayramoglu, Ali. "Self-compassion In Relation To Psychopathology." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613940/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the concept of self-compassion in relation to psychopathology with mediating effects of experiential avoidance and metacognition in a Turkish university student sample. Self-Compassion which is a recently formulated promising concept in western psychology consists of three components: self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness. In addition to self-compassion, recent psychological concepts of cognitive (metacognition) and behavioral (experiential avoidance) perspectives were investigated through models. In this thesis, the negative relationship between self-compassion and psychopathology (depression and anxiety) with mediating effects of experiential avoidance and metacognition was tested. Prior to main analyses, psychometric properties of the scales measuring self-compassion and experiential avoidance were tested. Then, three different models were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). In these analyses, the proposed full mediation models were compared to empirically alternative models. Self-compassion was found to be significantly and negatively related to both depression, and anxiety. In the first model experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationship between self-compassion and psychopathology. Moreover, metacognitive factors and metacognition as a whole concept mediated the relation between self-compassion and psychopathology. However, they were not as powerful as experiential avoidance. Results of this thesis supported the literature about empowering effect of self-compassion against psychopathology. Furthermore, relationships were mediated by concepts of both modern cognitive and behavior therapies. However, self-compassion, as a fundamental element of psychotherapy, was the focus of this thesis. Findings of the study were discussed in the context of the relevant literature.
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Haslam, Michelle. "Interpersonal functioning and eating-related psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10196.
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Maladaptive interpersonal functioning is considered typical of eating disorders. The present thesis aimed to add to existing knowledge of interpersonal functioning in the eating disorders in terms of both symptomatology and treatment. In Study 1, relationships were found between eating disorder attitudes and several types of poor interpersonal functioning. These associations were present when controlling for depression and anxiety. Study 2 found that generalised interpersonal problems were more likely to be reported by women with bulimic disorders than comparison women, apart from problems with being too open, which were more likely to be reported by comparison women. In Study 3, individuals with self identified eating disorders were found to have poorer problem solving skills in specific interpersonal situations than healthy controls, generating less means to solve the problem, with these means being significantly less effective and less specific than those generated by healthy controls. In Study 4, the experience of an invalidating childhood environment was explored as a potential predictor of adult interpersonal problems in the eating disorders. Viewing the expression of emotions as a sign of weakness was a mediator of the relationship between having a more invalidating mother and adult eating concern in a nonclinical population. In Study 5, the interpersonal experiences of patients with bulimic disorders are explored using qualitative methodology. They report a range of problems characterised by social avoidance, social anxiety, non-assertiveness, and a difficulty with being genuine in relationships. In Study 6, patients reported their experiences of interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimic disorders. In general, they experienced the therapy as positive and beneficial. They express that it helped them address a range of interpersonal problems, and reduced but did not cure their eating disordered behaviours. Patients liked that therapy focused on both interpersonal relationships and eating. In Study 7, interpersonal psychotherapists discussed their perceptions of the modified therapy. They identified several factors as being related to outcome, such as the existence or willingness to build a support network, motivation to change, a clear interpersonal problem identified in the patient, level of depression, duration of the eating disorder and keeping therapy focused on the interpersonal. Results of these studies suggest that those with higher levels of eating disorder related attitudes and behaviours often have significant problems with interpersonal functioning. This thesis supports the use of interpersonal psychotherapy as a viable treatment approach to the eating disorders. It also supports the use of the modified version of the therapy, which addresses eating as well as interpersonal functioning.
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Pierce, Laura Katharine. "Parent psychopathology and adolescent externalizing behavior." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.
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Hoffmann, Ferdinand. "Emotional egocentricity in development and psychopathology." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17381.
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Egozentrizität stellt ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen unter Menschen dar, besonders unter Kindern und Menschen mit psychischen Störungen. Bisher wurde Egozentrizität in der kognitiven Domäne untersucht, wie zum Beispiel während Theory of Mind (ToM) Fragestellungen und nur wenige Untersuchungen haben sich bisher mit emotionaler Egozentrizität während der Empathie befasst. Um emotionalen Mechanismen der Egozentrizität besser zu verstehen präsentiert die vorliegende Dissertation drei Studien zur Untersuchung von emotionaler Egozentrizität bei Kindern und in der Psychopathologie des Autismus und der Depression. Studie 1 zielte darauf ab die grundlegenden Mechanismen der erhöhten emotionalen Egozentrizität bei Kindern zu untersuchen und zeigte, dass diese durch die schlechte Konfliktverarbeitung von Kindern vermittelt wurde. In Studie 2 zeigten autistische Patienten eine normale emotionale Egozentrizität, aber bekannte Defizite in ToM. Diese Verhaltensdaten wurden durch eine funktionale resting-state Konnektivitätsanalyse in einer separaten Stichprobe ergänzt. Autistische Patienten zeigten eine intakte Konnektivität vom rechten supramarginalen Gyrus aus, einer Gehirnregion, welche in Verbindung gebracht wurde mit der Überwindung von emotionaler Egozentrizität. Studie 3 schließlich untersuchte emotionale Egozentrizität in der Depression und deren Zusammenhang mit Alexithymie und zeigte eine vergrößerte emotionale Egozentrizität in Patienten, unabhängig von Alexithymie. Allerdings verringerte Alexithymie die emotionale Egozentrizität bei Patienten und Kontrollen. Zusammenfassend erweitern die in der Dissertation präsentierten Studien den Erkenntnistand zu den Ursachen von emotionaler Egozentrizität in der Kindheit und liefern weitere Befunde für eine genauere Charakterisierung der sozio-kognitiven Defizite im Autismus und in der Depression.Egocentricity has been described as a pervasive phenomenon among humans, with a particularly strong manifestation among children and individuals with psychopathologies. Traditionally egocentricity has been investigated nearly exclusively in the cognitive domain, such as for example during Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning, but little work has so far focused on egocentricity in the affective domain during empathy. This dissertation presents three studies that investigated emotional egocentricity in child development and adult psychopathology, as in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Explicitly, study 1 aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms of increased emotional egocentricity in children, showing that increased emotional egocentricity in children was mediated by children’s poorer ability in conflict processing. Findings of study 2 showed that ASD patients exhibited normal emotional egocentricity, while showing known impairments in ToM. These behavioral findings were buttressed by an additional resting-state functional connectivity analysis in a separate sample of ASD patients and healthy controls. Results showed intact functional connectivity in ASD patients from right supramarginal gyrus, a brain region linked to overcoming emotional egocentricity. Findings of study 3 showed that MDD patients were prone to increased emotional egocentricity, independently of alexithymia. Alexithymia however decreased emotional egocentricity. In sum the studies in this dissertation represent a further step in advancing the knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of increased emotional egocentricity in child development and further help specifying the nature of socio-cognitive deficits portrayed in ASD and MDD.
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Binsale, Laura. "Self-concept clarity, trauma and psychopathology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87370/.
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Self-concept clarity (SCC) is defined as the “extent to which the contents of an individual's self-concept (e.g., perceived personal attributes) are clearly and confidently defined, internally consistent, and temporally stable” (Campbell et al., 1996, p.141). SCC is becoming an increasingly researched topic in relation to the onset and development of psychopathology. To date, there had been no systematic review addressing associations between SCC and psychopathology. Thus, Chapter 1 of the thesis aims to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise all available peer reviewed literature, which explored an association between SCC and psychopathology. The review includes twenty-two papers, which report on 29 individual studies, all of which explore a quantifiable relationship between SCC and psychopathology. Strong evidence was found to support an association between SCC and psychopathology in both clinical and non-clinical populations. The empirical paper is reported in Chapter 2. This explores the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, SCC and psychopathology. Participants were allocated to one of three groups: psychosis (presence of psychotic experiences), anxiety/depression (moderate-severe levels of anxiety and/or depression) or control (no psychotic experiences and mild levels of anxiety/depression). Analyses revealed that participants in the psychosis and anxiety/depression groups reported significantly higher incidences of adverse childhood experiences compared to the control. Lower levels of SCC were associated with higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms, congruent with the findings from the literature review. Levels of SCC did not significantly differ across the three groups. The intricacy of SCC as a construct and its complex association with psychopathology was apparent throughout the process. In an attempt to conceptualise this relationship Chapter 3, the critical appraisal, discusses the similarities and differences between SCC and theoretically related concepts. Further clinical implications are discussed and identified limitations of the current research are considered citing recommendations for future research.
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Berrios, Germán, and Diez José M. Olivares. "Descriptive Psychopathology: Qualitative and quantitative issues." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100866.
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This paper deals with some of the issues that affect the understanding and functioning of descriptive psychopathology (DP). The latter remains the language of description in psychiatry and the basis for her nosological constructs. DP makes assumptions concerning the nature of its object and its underlying causes (i.e. makes use of the medical model). DP needs historical, clinical and numerical recalibration. It is suggested that in some cases, and against traditional psychometric principles, some instruments will have to be constructed that show flexibility and can be varied according to the descriptive needs presented by individual cases.En el presente artículo se discuten algunos aspectos que afectan a la comprensión y al funcionamiento de la psicopatología descriptiva (PD), la cual proporciona un lenguaje descriptivo a la psiquiatría y las bases para sus constructos nosológicos. La PD formula postulados sobre la naturaleza de su objeto de estudio y sus causas subyacentes (haciendo uso del modelo médico). Se propone que la PD necesita una recalibración histórica, clínica y numérica. En relación a esto, se sugiere que en algunos casos, en contra de los principios psicométricos tradicionales, ciertos instrumentos deberán ser construidos de un modo flexible que permita que varíen de acuerdo a las necesidades descriptivas que presenten casos individuales.
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NASCIMENTO, RODRIGO LEAO FERREIRA DO. "IMPLICIT INSIGHT INTO BIPOLAR DISORDER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34485@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Prejuízo de insight costuma ser reportado no Transtono Bipolar (TB), sobretudo quando os pacientes viram para o pólo maníaco do transtorno. Essa falha na consciência verbal dos déficits, sinais e sintomas do transtorno pode vir acompanhada de uma forma de insight implícito, que é a demonstração indireta de algum nível de conhecimento sobre a doença ou uma deficiência com perda parcial ou total de reconhecimento verbal. Dois estudos foram conduzidos para verificar as relações entre as formas de insight explícito e implícito no TB. Para isso, foi utilizado um modelo teórico conhecido como The Cognitive Awareness Model (CAM), que permite investigar dissociações nos padrões de consciência implícita e explícita. No primeiro estudo, os participantes foram avaliados em relação à uma série de variáveis clínicas, incluindo uma medida de insight explícito, além de uma medida de insight implícito com estímulos ligados à depressão e à mania. No segundo estudo, os participantes foram igualmente testados em relação às variáveis clinicas, incluindo uma medida de insight explícito, além de uma medida de insight implícito com estímulos ligados à condição de saudável e doente. Os resultados de ambos os estudos apontaram para diferenças nas medidas de insight explícito entre os grupos de maníacos e eutímicos, e demonstraram diferenças no tempo médio de reação para auto-associações implícitas para condição. A partir desses resultados, pode-se sugerir que os pacientes em mania se autoavaliam explicitamente de forma similar aos pacientes em eutimia, o que pode trazer prejuízos na adesão ao tratamento, ao passo que os pacientes bipolares apresentaram uma forma de insight implícito tanto para os sintomas quanto para a condição de doente avaliadas.
Lack of insight is usually reported in Bipolar Disorder (TB), especially when patients have seen the manic pole of the disorder. This lack of verbal awareness of deficits, signs and symptoms of the disorder may be accompanied by an implicit insight, which is the indirect demonstration of some level of knowledge about the disease or a disability with partial or total loss of verbal recognition. Two studies were conducted to verify the relationships between explicit and implicit forms of insight into TB. For this, a theoretical model known as The Cognitive Awareness Model (CAM) was used, which allows to investigate dissociations in the patterns of implicit and explicit consciousness. In the first study, participants were assessed for a number of clinical variables, including an explicit insight measure, as well as an implicit insight measure with depression and mania-related stimuli. In the second study, participants were also tested for clinical variables, including an explicit insight measure, as well as an implicit insight measure with stimuli linked to healthy and ill status. The results of both studies pointed to differences in measures of explicit insight between the manic and euthymic groups and demonstrated differences in mean reaction time for implied self-associations for condition. From these results, it can be suggested that patients in mania explicitly self-evaluate in a similar way to patients in euthymia, which can lead to impairment in adherence to treatment, whereas bipolar patients presented an implicit insight for symptoms and for the patient s condition evaluated.
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Guimar?es, Carolina Borba Vilar. "Insight e transtorno de Asperger." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOLOGIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23987.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo objetivou ampliar a compreens?o acerca dos processos de insight no Transtorno de Asperger (TA). Entende-se por insight o conhecimento do pr?prio diagn?stico e os sentidos constru?dos a partir deste. O desenvolvimento do insight ? aqui compreendido n?o como fun??o da vida mental pessoal, mas como fen?meno intersubjetivo, forjado nas rela??es sociais. O arcabou?o te?rico que subsidia a presente pesquisa ? a perspectiva gen?tica de desenvolvimento avan?ada pela psicologia hist?rico-cultural. Nesta perspectiva, ressaltam-se os processos de constru??o de sentido, considerando para tanto a inser??o hist?rico-cultural do sujeito e suas viv?ncias. Assim, para o estudo defende-se que o entendimento sobre ?como ? ser Asperger? precisa ir al?m da considera??o dos aspectos cognitivos compartilhados socialmente sobre esta condi??o cl?nica. Torna-se indispens?vel o esfor?o de compreens?o dos sentidos e viv?ncias destes sujeitos sobre sua condi??o e do mundo que os cerca. Diante disso, t?m-se o construto de insight como fen?meno complexo que demanda investiga??o ampla e aprofundada. Buscando atingir os objetivos avan?ados pelo estudo, foram propostas atividades em tr?s etapas que investigaram aspectos relacionados ?s experi?ncias asperger. Primeiramente, foi realizada a produ??o de uma narrativa acerca da quest?o que norteia o estudo: ?Como ? ter TA??. Como estrat?gia facilitadora da produ??o narrativa, recorreu-se ? media??o de um personagem alien?gena para o qual eles deveriam produzir uma narrativa que possibilitasse o entendimento da experi?ncia asperger, pois este seria de outro planeta e n?o saberia nada sobre o TA. Ap?s essa etapa, foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada objetivando investigar aspectos relacionados ao conhecimento formal que os sujeitos t?m do TA. Em sequ?ncia, foi proposta nova atividade com dois objetivos complementares, a saber, a capacidade de identifica??o de caracter?sticas do TA em terceiros, que por sua vez, serviu de facilitador para o segundo objetivo que foi a produ??o de sentidos para as pr?prias viv?ncias dos sujeitos em rela??o ao TA. Participaram do estudo tr?s sujeitos entre 15 e 20, selecionados por conveni?ncia, com diagn?stico pr?vio de TA e com conhecimento deste h? pelo menos cinco anos, tempo este considerado suficiente para a constru??o de significados e sentidos sob a condi??o do diagn?stico cl?nico. Tamb?m participaram seus respectivos pais, que realizaram tamb?m as mesmas etapas da pesquisa que seus filhos, mas foram convocados a respond?-las como se fossem estes. Como resultados observou-se que eles produziram narrativas sobre o diagn?stico de TA e que em suas conceptualiza??es estiveram presentes diversos elementos reconhecidamente presentes em discursos cient?ficos e da m?dia sobre o diagn?stico. Quanto ao sentido do TA para eles, observou-se novamente a presen?a de discursos da m?dia, mas principalmente foram vistas diversas aproxima??es entre o discurso destes e de seus pais. Assim, foi observado que a constitui??o do discurso sobre o pr?prio diagn?stico para os indiv?duos com TA teve grande influ?ncia dos discursos sociais, principalmente de pessoas mais pr?ximas. Os resultados sugerem que uma caracter?stica dos processos de insight no TA pode ser descrita como disrup??o na transi??o de um modo monol?gico para um dial?gico de pensamento. Acredita-se que os resultados aqui encontrados contribuem para a compreens?o da singularidade da exist?ncia e da experi?ncia subjetiva.
The present study aimed expand the comprehension about the processes of insight in the Asperger?s Disorder (AD). Insight can be understood as the knowledge one has about his diagnosis and the meaning constructed from it. The development of insight is taken not as a personal mental function, but as a intersubjective phenomenon, forged in social relations. The study has its basis on the theoretical framework of Historical?cultural psychology with focus in the genetical development perspective. As a central feature of this perspective are the processes of meaning construction, considering the social-cultural insertion of the individual and his experiences. Thereby, the study advocates that the understanding of ?what it is like to be an Asperger? has to go beyond the socially shared idea of cognitive disruption as only features of this condition. The effort of comprehending meanings and experiences of these individuals becomes imperative. Therefore, the insight phenomena emerges as a complex construct, demanding a deep and broad research. In order to achieve the study goals, activities to investigate the Asperger experience were proposed in three steps. First, it was produced a narrative surrounding the central question that guides the study: ?what is it like to have asperger?s??. A mediation strategy was used as facilitating tool to the narrative production. It involved an alien character to whom the participants should talk to, explaining the asperger experience, since they came from a planet where there was no such thing. After the initial production, an semi-structured interview was used aiming to investigate aspects regarding the formal knowledge they had of the diagnosis. In sequence, another activity was proposed intending to investigate their ability to identify AD characteristics in others and, at the same time, facilitating the access and production os meaning to their own experiences towards the diagnosis. Three individuals with ages between 15 and 20 years old participated of the study, selected by convenience. They all had a previous diagnosis of AD and had knowledge of it since at least 5 years. That was considered enough time to the construction of meanings about the diagnosis. Also participated in the study their respective parents, who took part in the same investigation steps as their subjects and responded as if they were those. Results showed that they produced narratives about their AD diagnosis and that in their discourse there were many elements notedly present in the media and scientific material. As of the meanings surrounding the diagnosis, is was noted that media elements were also present, but specially approximations were seen between their and their parents perceptions. Therefore, it was noted that the discourse constitution about their own diagnosis for the AD individuals had many influences of the social discourses, notedly of closest people. The results sugest that a characteristic os the processes of insight in AD can be described as a disruption in the transition from a monologic to a dialogic way of thinking. It I believed that the results here exposed can contribute to the comprehension of the singularity of the existence and subjective experience of these individuals.
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Dallavalle, Marco <1986>. "Computational insight into materials properties." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6987/.
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The aim of the work was to explore the practical applicability of molecular dynamics at different length and time scales. From nanoparticles system over colloids and polymers to biological systems like membranes and finally living cells, a broad range of materials was considered from a theoretical standpoint. In this dissertation five chemistry-related problem are addressed by means of theoretical and computational methods. The main results can be outlined as follows.
(1) A systematic study of the effect of the concentration, chain length, and charge of surfactants on fullerene aggregation is presented. The long-discussed problem of the location of C60 in micelles was addressed and fullerenes were found in the hydrophobic region of the micelles.
(2) The interactions between graphene sheet of increasing size and phospholipid membrane are quantitatively investigated.
(3) A model was proposed to study structure, stability, and dynamics of MoS2, a material well-known for its tribological properties. The telescopic movement of nested nanotubes and the sliding of MoS2 layers is simulated.
(4) A mathematical model to gain understaning of the coupled diffusion-swelling process in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA, was proposed.
(5) A soft matter cell model is developed to explore the interaction of living cell with artificial surfaces. The effect of the surface properties on the adhesion dynamics of cells are discussed.
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Salander, Katarina. "Early life stress and psychopathology : The effects of early life stress on brain development: Implications for psychopathology." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3475.
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Several studies have shown that children who grow up under adverse care giving conditions are prone to develop a broad spectrum of different problems, ranging from mild depression to severe psychosomatic pathology later in life. A carefully treated child develops a different attachment strategy and biochemical response than a maltreated child. Early adverse events seem to program the stress response to become either over or under reactive which in turn have the potential to alter brain development. Major consequences include reduced plasticity and abnormal frontal lobe activity. This review further investigates the emotional and cognitive development in children exposed to early life abuse or neglect, trying to get a comprehensive picture of different symptoms that might contribute to later psychopathology.
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Jordan-Arthur, Brittany. "Equifinality and Multifinality in Psychopathology: Can Cognitive and Emotional Processes Differentiate Internalizing, Externalizing, and Co-Occurring Psychopathology." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5711.
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Despite our knowledge of environmental risk factors for psychopathology, the equifinality and multifinality observed in the extant literature reveals how little is known about the role of these risk factors in the development of psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to identify processes that differentiate internalizing, externalizing and co-occurring psychopathology. Specifically, emotion identification skill and cognitive appraisal style were examined as processes where individual differences may contribute to the development of mental illness. To date no study has been conducted to examine whether emotion identification and appraisal style may differentiate forms of internalizing, externalizing and co-occurring psychopathology and lack of clinically significant problems in one study. A better understanding of predictors or processes that differentiate forms of psychopathology may improve our understanding of developmental psychopathology as well as inform prevention and intervention efforts. One hundred and fifty eight participants were included in this study. Data supported emotion identification skill as important for predicting specific behavioral problem profiles. Implications for conceptualizations of psychopathology and directions for future studies are discussed.
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Crittenden, Kia B. Herbert James D. "Comparison of beliefs and attitudes toward internalizing disorders relative to externalizing disorders in children and adolescents /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/454.
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Sundbom, Elisabet. "Borderline psychopathology and the defense mechanism test." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100698.
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The main purpose of the present studies has been to develop the Defense Mechanism Test (DM1) for clinical assessment of severe psychopathology with the focus on the concept of Borderline Personality Organization (BPO) according to Kemberg. By relating the DMT and the Structural Interview to each other, the concurrent validity of the concept of Personality Organization (PO) for psychiatric inpatients has been investigated. Two different assessment approaches have been used for this purpose. One has been to take a theoretical perspective as the starting-point for the classification of PO by means of the DMT. The other has been a purely empirical approach designed to discern natural and discriminating patterns of DMT distortions for different diagnostic groups. A dialogue is also in progress between DMT and current research on the Rorschach test in order to increase understanding of borderline phenomena and pathology. The overall results support Kemberg's idea that borderline patients are characterized by specific intrapsychic constellations different from those of both psychotic and neurotic patients. Both the DMT and the Structural Interview provide reliable and consistent judgements of PO. Patients with the syndrome diagnosis Borderline Personality Disorder exhibit different perceptual distortions from patients suffering from other personality disorders. The classic borderline theory is a one-dimensional developmental model, where BPO constitutes a stable intermediate form between neurosis and psychosis. The present results suggest that a two-dimensional model might be more powerful. Hence, the level of self- and object representations and reality orientation might be considered both from a developmental gad an affective perspective across varying forms of pathology. Kemberg suggests that borderline and psychotic patients share a common defensive constellation, centered around splitting, organizing self- and object representations. This view did not find support. The defensive pattem of the BPO patients is significantly different from the PPO defensive pattern. The BPO patients form their self- and object images affectively and thus the self- and object representations would seem to influence the defensive organization and not the other way around. The results have implications for the procedure and the interpretation of the DMT e.g. one and the same DMT picture can discern different kinds of personality; reactions other than the operationalized defense categories in the DMT manual can be valid predictors of PO; some of the DMT defenses described in the manual have to be reconceptualized such as isolation, repression and to some degree denial. Multivariate models are powerful tools for the integration of reactions to DMT into diagnostic patterns.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 4 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Bean, Jacqueline. "Psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs in battered women." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52421.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the incidence of depression, post-traumatic stress symptomatology, anger and guilt in a shelter sample of 40 battered women. In addition, the presence of dysfunctional, evaluative beliefs, as viewed from a Rational-emotive perspective, was investigated, as well as the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and symptoms of psychopathology. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma Related Guilt Inventory and Survey of Personal Beliefs. It was found that 63% of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, while 59% manifested high post-traumatic stress symptomatology. Between 38% and 50% experienced problems with anger whilst 48.5% showed moderate guilt. In general, these symptoms did not correlate with the age of participants or with the duration or frequency of abuse, except for anger which was related to a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse. The results of the Survey of Personal Beliefs indicated that the group displayed Otherand Self-directed Demands, Awfulizing, Low Frustration-tolerance and Negative Selfworth. Only Low Frustration-tolerance (underestimation of coping skills) correlated significantly with levels of depression, anger and guilt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die insidensie van depressie, post-traumatiese stressimptome, woede en skuldgevoelens in 'n groep van 40 vroulike slagoffers van gesinsgeweld, wat die huweliksverhouding verlaat het en in 'n skuiling vir mishandelde vroue opgeneem is, ondersoek. Die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies, soos deur die Rasioneel-emotiewe gedragsterapie gepostuleer, asook die korrelasie tussen hierdie kognisies en die simptome van psigopatologie, is ook ondersoek. Deelnemers het die Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory en Survey of Personal Beliefs voltooi. Die resultate het aangedui dat 63% van die deelnemers matige tot ernstige vlakke van depressie getoon het, terwyl hoë post-traumatiese stressimptomatologie by 59% voorgekom het. Tussen 38% en 50% het probleme met woede getoon, terwyl matige skuldgevoelens by 48.5% voorgekom het. Oor die algemeen het hierdie simptome nie verband getoon met die ouderdom van deelnemers of met die duur of frekwensie van die mishandeling nie, behalwe die vlak van woede wat 'n verband getoon het met 'n geskiedenis van kindermolestering. Tellings op die Survey of Personal Beliefs het aangedui dat die groep die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies van Self- en Ander-gerigte Eise, Katastrofering, Lae Frustrasie - toleransie en Negatiewe Selfwaarde getoon het. Slegs Lae Frustrasie-toleransie (onderskatting van hanteringsvaardighede) het beduidend met vlak van depressie, woede en skuldgevoelens gekorreleer.
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Allen, Micah G. "Linguistic correlates of psychopathology in autobiographical narrative." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1056.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Chesters, Matthew Howell Jones. "Cognitive indices of psychopathology in eating disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264355.
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Webster, Paula. "Emotion regulation and eating psychopathology in women." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1431/.
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The research comprises a literature review and an empirical study. The literature review evaluated the efficacy of third wave cognitive and behavioural interventions for eating disorders. The review indicated that there was some promising initial support for these approaches in the treatment of eating related difficulties. However, further research in this area, using more stringent methodology, is required in order to confirm the efficacy of these approaches for eating disorders. The empirical study aimed to examine whether women experiencing eating psychopathology report difficulties in regulating emotions and whether these difficulties contribute to eating psychopathology. Forty-eight women with eating related difficulties and a non-clinical comparison group completed questionnaire measures of eating behaviour, affect and emotion regulation difficulties. Higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties were reported by the women with eating difficulties. In the comparison group, lack of emotional awareness predicted variation in eating psychopathology. In the clinical group, impulse control difficulties predicted variation in eating psychopathology. The results revealed differences in the nature of emotion regulation difficulties that impacted on eating psychopathology between clinical and non-clinical samples. Further research investigating the relationship between emotion regulation and eating psychopathology and the possible mediating effect of anxiety within clinical populations is indicated.
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Chasouris, Antonios. "Developmental psychopathology in children with Williams syndrome." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/developmental-psychopathology-in-children-with-williams-syndrome(ab574729-939a-45b6-8507-58cb3d050d7e).html.
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Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder that results in a wide variety of impairments, involving most of the areas of development. Although significant variability has been found among children with Williams syndrome in terms of the phenotype, the idea of a typical WS profile is still predominant in the literature. However, the clinically observed widespread differences have caused clinicians to often speak about partial deletions, atypical deletions or inconclusive cases. In addition, some researchers have put forward the notion that the size of the deleted area might have an influence in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenotypical characteristics. This thesis explores the differences in cognitive ability and attainment of developmental milestones in children with WS. Four experimental studies have been conducted involving a total number of 74 children between the ages of few months to the age of 18 years. Study 1 investigated the effect of deletion size in the cognitive ability of WS children, as this was measured by 4 different IQ tests. Study 2 examined the effect of deletion size in the attainment of developmental milestones, Study 3 examined the longitudinal course of IQ in children with WS and Study 4 examined a clinically observed de novo phenomenon of a strong leftward bias affecting attention and short term visuospatial memory. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated an effect of deletion size on the cognitive abilities of children with WS. The greater the deletion size in the 7qll.23 area, the lower the performance on measures of cognitive ability and the longer and more problematic the attainment of developmental milestones. Study 3 indicated that there is a significant increase in the IQ scores of children with the typical deletion. The IQ scores remain however to the mild/moderate retardation - low average area of the IQ scale. Study 4 examined and tried to offer explanatory ideas in a de novo clinically observed phenomenon of a leftward bias affecting attention and visuospatial short term memory. Children with WS encountered great difficulty in detecting and remembering the position of items presented to the right side of a presentation matrix. These findings suggest that deletion size has an influence on both performance on measures of cognitive ability and attainment of developmental milestones, the cognitive ability of children with WS significantly improves with advance of chronological age and that there is a leftwards bias affecting attention and short term visuospatial memory.
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Conley, Sara J. "Inner Monologue: Relationship to Personality and Psychopathology." Otterbein University Distinction Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbndist1620462072270782.
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Witwer, Andrea N. "Psychopathology in Youngsters with Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243561855.
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Griffiths, Cara Veronica. "Moral Psychology, Dual-Process Theory, and Psychopathology." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564526866237073.
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Sharpe, Emma. "Attention, emotion processing and eating-related psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21487.
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The work within this thesis examined aspects of emotion processing among non-clinical females who varied in levels of eating-related psychopathology. Five studies employed a quantitative approach in order to assess potential deficits in both the control and experience of emotion. To examine the experience of emotion, Studies 1, 2 and 3 assessed the attentional processing of emotional stimuli in those with high and low levels of eating-related psychopathology. In Studies 1 and 2, specific components of attention bias including orientation, disengagement and avoidance were assessed in order to explore their role in contributing to disordered eating behaviour. Findings from these studies did not reveal any differences in attentional orienting between those with high and low levels of eating-related psychopathology. However, when primed with happy faces, those with high levels of disordered eating were significantly quicker than those with low levels to disengage from threat-relevant words. This finding could be interpreted in terms of emotional arousal with happy facial displays providing a protective function against subsequently presented stimuli. With regards to emotional avoidance, those with higher levels of eating-related psychopathology were more likely to avoid emotional displays relative to those with lower levels. In fact, a higher drive to achieve thinness was shown to predict a greater avoidance of both angry and happy facial expressions. Interestingly, depression, anxiety and alexithymia were all shown to impact upon attentional processing. In Study 3, the efficacy of attention training in reducing attentional biases towards threat in women with varying levels of disordered eating was examined. Importantly, a single session of attention training was found to be successful in modifying previously observed attentional biases towards threat. However, eating-related psychopathology was shown to have only a partial influence on participants attention processing. These findings suggest that the success of attention training may be independent of disordered eating. To examine the control of emotion within a non-clinical population, Study 4 utilised self-report questionnaires to explore associations between deficits in emotional functioning and severity of eating-related psychopathology. The data obtained from this questionnaire-based investigation are reported in a series of three short studies. Specifically, Study 4.1 of this chapter examined the relationship between difficulties in the regulation of emotion within eating-related psychopathology. Furthermore, Studies 4.2 and 4.3 set out to explore some of the factors which may influence emotion processing, such as pessimistic attitudes regarding emotional expression. Across all studies, the role of depression, anxiety and alexithymia as potential confounding factors was considered. Findings revealed a significant relationship between eating-related psychopathology and difficulties regulating emotion. Dysfunctional or negative attitudes towards the expression of emotion were also linked to a greater number of eating disorder-related concerns and behaviours. However, many of the associations between eating-related psychopathology and impaired emotional functioning were no longer apparent when depression, anxiety and alexithymia had been statistically accounted for. These findings not only support previous research, but highlight the importance of mood and alexithymia in contributing to the emotional deficits observed. Finally, Study 5 aimed to explore the potential consequences of inadequate emotion processing within eating-related psychopathology. Self-report measures were utilised to assess the frequency of eating-related intrusive thoughts in those with high levels of eating-related psychopathology. As predicted, those with greater levels of disordered eating reported experiencing a higher frequency of thoughts or intrusions relating to eating. This may point towards a failure to successfully process emotional experience in this group. Taken together, this body of work enhances the current understanding of the role of emotion processing in contributing to both the onset and maintenance of disordered eating. These findings also emphasise the key role of mood and alexithymia in influencing the relationship between emotional functioning and eating-related psychopathology. Therefore further research examining emotion processing within disordered eating must acknowledge the potential contribution of depression, anxiety and alexithymia. Furthermore, the present findings provide clear support for the development of a model of cognitive-emotion processing within eating-related psychopathology. The implications of these findings for both eating disorder treatment and prevention are discussed. Possible directions for future research are also identified.
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Crowther-Green, Ross S. "The role of autobiographical memory in psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412216.
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