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1
Patrick, Christopher John. "The validity of lie detection with criminal psychopaths." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27507.
Full textAbstract:
The idea that psychopaths may be able to "beat" a standard polygraph ("lie detector") test remains a controversial issue. The one published study to date that has addressed this question directly (Raskin & Hare, 1978) has been challenged on the grounds that: 1) the polygraph testing situation lacked a 'realistic threat component, and 2) the examiner's decisions were not based on blind chart analyses (Lykken, 1978). The present study re-assessed the accuracy of the polygraph with psychopaths using a revised procedure, in response to Lykken's criticisms. Subjects were 24
psychopathic and 24 nonpsychopathic male prison inmates (aged 18-54) selected on the basis of psychopathy checklist scores (Hare, 1980) and DSM-III ratings within each diagnostic sample, equal groups of "guilty" and "innocent" subjects were tested regarding their involvement in a mock theft by experienced professional polygraphers using control question procedures. Methodological innovations included: a) a "group contingency threat" manipulation which produced a realistic motivational; atmosphere for the polygraph test, b) simultaneous recordings of physiological activity on field and laboratory polygraph instruments, and c) blind numerical analyses of the field polygraph charts. Consistent with Raskin and Hare's results, the guilty psychopaths in the present study were detected just as easily as the guilty nonpsychopaths, and the majority of guilty subjects (87%, excluding inconclusives ) were correctly identified, even when the decisions were based on blind chart analyses. However in contrast to Raskin and Hare's 91% accuracy figure for innocent subjects, the overall hit rate for innocent subjects in the present study was only 56%. Quantitative analyses of the laboratory polygraph recordings revealed few meaningful differences between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths, and the results for guilty and innocent subjects closely matched those obtained with the field polygraph. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the field validity of the control question test and the responsivity of psychopaths to threat.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
2
Carter, Rachel M. "Psychopathic Traits and Insecure Attachment Patterns in Community-based Subgroups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699993/.
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There is a growing body of research on psychopathic traits in non-clinical populations. This emerging research has documented the prevalence of psychopathic traits in the general population and demonstrated that psychopathy has a similar latent structure as well as similar correlates (e.g., violent behavior, alcohol abuse, and lower intelligence) to forensic/offender samples. Relatedly, there is strong evidence insecure attachment patterns in adulthood are associated with many personality disorders, including psychopathy, but only a few studies have examined the relationship between attachment and psychopathic traits in non-clinical samples (albeit, convenience samples of college students). Thus, two aims of the current study are to: 1) describe and explore the manifestation and expression of psychopathic traits in a large, community-based sample and 2) examine associations between adult attachment disturbances and psychopathic traits in diverse sociodemographic subgroups. Using a cross-sectional design, results showed mean-level psychopathy factor score differences existed only when considering single sociodemographic factors (e.g., age), not an interaction of those factors. Psychopathy factor profiles were also consistent across groups, with higher levels of lifestyle followed by interpersonal, affective, and antisocial traits reported. Regarding the second aim, findings indicated support for the positive association between disturbed attachment patterns in adult relationships and psychopathic traits, although these associations differed in males and females of different age groups. Finally, there was some support for attachment processes acting as a social development pathway toward psychopathy, as insecure attachments in adulthood partially mediated the relationships between age and interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle traits of psychopathy.
3
Kreklewetz, Kimberly. "Facial affect recognition in psychopathic offenders /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2166.
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Zanone, Charles F. "Predictors of criminality and personality subtypes among women prisoners /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842577.
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Henley, Aimee Gillison. "Psychopathy and career interest in a noncriminal population." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035949.
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6
Foreman, Michael Ernest. "Interpersonal assessment of psychopathy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42514.
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This study was concerned with the relations between
representations of psychopathy and interpersonal
perceptions. From 147 inmates seen in a federal medium security
prison, 79 of the men provided complete data for
comparisons. Groups were defined under criteria from (1)
the Psychopathy Checklist (PC) (Hare, 1985b), or (2)
American Psychiatric Association (1980, 1987) outlines
for Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). Measures were
derived from the Interpersonal Adjective Scales-Revised
(IAS-R) (Wiggins, Trapnell, and Phillips, 1988 ) which
relate interpersonally defined perceptions of personality
as locations within a circumplex space--Interpersonal
Circle (Wiggins, 1979, 1980). Self-ratings were obtained
as descriptive of (1) self, (2) ideal self, (3) self as
thought seen by a friends, and (4) self as thought seen
by a specific member of the institutional staff. A rating
was also obtained from the specific staff members as
descriptive of the particular inmates.
Comparisons were also made with respect to the
specificity and sensitivity of MMPI profiles considered
relevant to psychopathy. Supplementary comparisons
used selected scales from the Adjective Checklist (ACL)
(Gough and Heilbrun, 1980) and Rosenberg's (1965) Self- esteem Scale. These comparisons provided manipulation
checks of the consistency of the data and contributed to
the interpretive generalizability of the results.
The primary hypotheses were that a group of
individuals defined as psychopathic would show differences
in representations obtained from self-rated and other-rated
descriptions, with respect to circumplex location
and derived difference scores from the IAS-R, in
comparison to groups considered non-psychopathic.
Results indicated differential perceptions,
particularly by staff members, which provided good
discriminations of groups based on the PC but not for
groups defined by APD. Circumplex locations of
psychopaths defined by the PC were consistent with
expectations for the Interpersonal Circle. The
discriminative utility of group differences was much
higher for the PC-defined groups than for APD relative
to the base rates for these different categorizations.
The results are discussed in terms of (1) their
contribution to the nomological network for the concept
of psychopathy as represented by the PC, (2) specific
limitations of the study, and (3) the evident confusion
which can result from the use of measures assumed to
to relate to the 'psychopath,' but that rely on primarily
behavioural descriptions.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
7
Hart, Stephen David. "Diagnosis of psychopathy in a forensic psychiatric population." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26835.
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Both researchers and clinicians, especially those working in criminal populations, have long suggested that psychopathy (or antisocial personality disorder) and schizophrenia are associated on an etiological or on some other level (e.g., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976, 1978). Others (Hare, 1984; Hare and Harpur, 1986; Raine, 1985) argue that psychopathy is not associated (or even negatively associated) with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. To evaluate these competing positions concerning the psychopathy-schizophrenia association, 80 male prisoners remanded to a forensic psychiatric institute for assessment of their fitness to stand trial were diagnosed using both the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, 1980, 1985a) and DSM-III Axis I and II criteria. In addition, clinical global ratings and self-report inventories were used to measure the strength of psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related traits. The results indicated that: a) although diagnoses of psychopathy (according to PCL criteria) did not have perfect specificity with respect to schizophrenia-related clinical diagnoses, the overlap was small, and the PCL scales were either not associated or negatively associated with these disorders; b) diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (APD, according to DSM-III criteria) were generally not associated with schizophrenia-related disorders, but had lower clinical specificity than did the PCL criteria with respect to both schizophrenia-related and other psychiatric disorders; c) there was no association between psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related clinical ratings; d) psychopathy and APD diagnoses and clinical ratings were not related to scores on other standard rating scales of the severity of psychiatric symptomatology; and e) there was no difference between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects in the strength of psychopathy-related traits, and no difference between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths (or APD versus non-APD subjects) in the strength of schizophrenia-related traits. As well, self-report measures related to psychopathy and schizophrenia did not correlate with each other, or with clinical ratings of the two disorders. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that psychopathy is not positively associated with schizophrenia or with psychiatric disorder in general. The practical utility of various techniques for assessing psychopathy in forensic psychiatric populations is also discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
8
Harpur, Timothy John. "Visual attention in psychopathic criminals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31019.
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This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that criminal psychopaths differ from criminal nonpsychopaths in their ability to over-focus attention on certain kinds of stimuli. For the purposes of this study, the concept of over-focussing was operationalized to mean the ability to process stimuli more quickly or efficiently by making use of one or more attentional mechanisms for selecting among locations or stimuli. A second aim of the study was to identify the component processes contributing to this more efficient selection.
Five experiments were run to assess several different components of attention contributing to selection of stimuli in a variety of paradigms. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed covert orienting of attention across the visual field using both peripherally presented physical cues and centrally presented symbolic cues to prime locations in visual space. Three dissociable components of attention were assessed in this paradigm. Experiments 3-5 were designed to assess the efficiency of processing a target item in the presence of a distractor item. Four additional dissociable components of selective attention were measured in these three studies.
The results supported the hypothesis that psychopaths can over-focus attention, but the groups were differentiated by only one of the component processes measured. In Experiments 1 and 2 endogenous orienting of attention was greater for
psychopaths than for nonpsychopaths. In these paradigms endogenous facilitation controlled the allocation of attention to cued locations, and the subsequent speeding of reaction time to targets presented at those locations, when the cue was symbolic or predictive, but not when it involved a physical change of energy at the cued location. This strategic allocation of attention probably resulted from the predictive validity (approximately 68% valid) of the cue in relation to the target. Other component processes failed to differentiate the groups. These included measures of exogenous orienting and inhibition of return in experiments 1 and 2, and measures of interference due to a distracting stimulus, habituation of interference, attenuation of interference due to spatial displacement of the distractor, and negative priming in experiments 3-5.
The difference in covert orienting was replicated in experiments 1 and 2 in two groups of criminals who also failed to demonstrate any abnormalities in a variety of other processes involved in attention. It was concluded that psychopaths differ from nonpsychopaths specifically in their strategic allocation of attention in situations of moderate uncertainty, but show no other abnormalities in the component processes that control attention.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
9
Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.
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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.
10
Everett, David C. Blashfield Roger K. "Antisocial personality disorder vs. psychopathy an analysis of the literature /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/EVERETT_DAVID_59.pdf.
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Rogstad, Jill E. "Female Psychopathy Predictors: Cluster B Traits and Alexithymia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283811/.
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Psychopathy has long been lauded as a premier predictor of negative behavioral outcomes because of its demonstrated associations with violence, antisocial conduct, and institutional maladjustment. Traditional conceptualizations of psychopathy highlight the relatively equal importance placed on personality features (i.e., a grandiose, deceitful interpersonal style and deficits in affective experience) and behavioral elements (i.e., an impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle marked by social deviance) of the syndrome. However, little research to date has investigated psychopathy dimensions in female samples, particularly as they relate to maladaptive behaviors beyond forensic settings. The current study comprehensively examined personality (i.e., Axis II Cluster B traits and alexithymia) and behavioral (i.e., suicide-related behavior and aggression) expressions of psychopathy in a sample of female inpatients recruited from trauma and dual-diagnosis units at a psychiatric hospital in Dallas, Texas. Contrary to expectations, the essential components of psychopathy in female psychiatric patients emphasized APD and NPD traits over features of HPD and BPD, which were relatively similar to elements traditionally highlighted in male psychopathy. On this point, two latent dimensions comprehensively addressed female psychopathy in the current sample: impulsive antisociality and narcissistic and histrionic interpersonal style. Interestingly, psychopathy (M r = .01) and Cluster B traits (M r = .05) were virtually unrelated to suicide-related behavior in female patients with trauma and substance use histories, but APD and BPD traits were more discerning for impulsive and premeditated aggression than variants of psychopathy. Aggression's relationship to BPD traits is at least partially mediated by alexithymia. These results are discussed in terms of improving evaluation and intervention efforts aimed at identifying and managing psychopathic females beyond forensic settings.
12
Rogstad, Jill E. "Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: Gender Differences in Empathy and Alexithymia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103384/.
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Traditional conceptualizations of psychopathy highlight the importance of affective features of the syndrome in perpetuating social deviance. However, little research has directly investigated the callousness that psychopathic offenders display toward society and their victims. The current study investigated the roles of empathy and alexithymia in psychopathy among male and female incarcerated offenders, particularly in distinguishing psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder. Gender differences were also investigated. Regarding empathy, as predicted, group differences were largest between psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders; no reliable differences emerged between psychopathic and APD-only offenders. In contrast, alexithymia robustly distinguished between offenders with prominent psychopathic traits, those with only APD, and those with neither condition. Psychopathic females unexpectedly exhibited slightly higher levels of alexithymia than their male counterparts, while empathic deficits were relatively consistent across genders. These findings are discussed in terms of improving assessment methods for the accurate identification and treatment of offenders with prominent psychopathic features.
13
Murray, Ashley Anne. "The effects of psychopathy and Machiavellianism on cognitive dissonance." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Auty, Katherine M. "Family factors and the intergenerational transmission of psychopathy, personality disorders & criminal offending." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612574.
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Kiehl, Kent Anthony. "A neuroimaging investigation of affective, cognitive, and language functions in psychopathy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ48667.pdf.
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Lad, Reena. "Staff attitudes to personality disorder : the role of personality, emotion regulation, empathy and compassion." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16448.
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Personality disorder is common amongst individuals accessing mental health services, with research into its aetiology and impact on services increasing in recent years. This thesis has two parts. The first is a systematic review of the neuropsychological functioning among forensic samples with diagnoses of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Five databases were searched for cross-sectional studies exploring cognitive functioning in psychopathy and ASPD. Twelve studies were reviewed and indicated that individuals with psychopathy and ASPD demonstrate deficits in executive functions, attention, and memory, and that there are some differences in neuropsychological performance between the two disorders. The second part is an empirical study exploring factors that may influence mental health staff attitudes towards individuals with personality disorder. The study found that staff personality traits, emotion regulation style, empathy and job satisfaction were related to attitudes to personality disorder. Empathy and job burnout predicted attitudes, with higher scores on empathy and lower levels of burnout being related to positive attitudes to personality disorder. Implications for the findings of the systematic review and empirical study are discussed. Further research is required in both areas.
17
Parsons, Shaun. "The DSM cluster B personality disorders : validity of the concept and effects on primary care." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242356.
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Kotler, Julie S. "Early correlates of psychopathy and relations between psychopathy, youth adjustment, and growth trajectories for externalizing behavior in samples of normative and high-risk youth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8996.
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Steadham, Jennifer A. "Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Disorder Traits As Predictors of Reactive and Instrumental Aggression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115167/.
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Aggression has traditionally been subdivided into two correlated, but distinct, subtypes: reactive and instrumental. Reactive aggression (RA) is considered impulsive, emotionally driven behavior, whereas instrumental aggression (IA) is planned and incentive-motivated. This thesis examines the relationships between RA, IA, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms in male and female offenders recruited from a jail in north Texas. Contrary to predictions, psychopathic traits did not account for more variance in aggression than did APD symptoms. Impulsivity demonstrated slight incremental validity over psychopathy for RA, and to a lesser degree, IA. the continued utility of the reactive-instrumental distinction and implications for professional practice in relation to the current study are examined. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
20
Hilving, Rebecca. "Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/.
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This thesis examines the role of psychopathy in violent female offending, and explores DSM-IV personality disorders that may also be a factor. Past research on female offenders and psychopathy suggest that this is a valid construct when looking at female offenders. This study was driven by two questions: which personality disorders are most common in adult female offenders who are psychopathic, and are adult female offenders who are psychopathic more likely to have been convicted of a violent offense than those who are not psychopathic, but have at least one personality disorder. The results indicate that Cluster B personality disorders were the most common, and Cluster C the least common. The results also showed that those women who were psychopathic were no more likely to have been convicted of a violent crime than those who had at least one personality disorder, but were not psychopathic. Treatment implications and the direction of future research are discussed.
21
Grann, Martin. "Personality disorder and violent criminality : a follow-up study with special reference to psychopathy and risk assessment /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19981016gran.
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Ridings, Leigh Elizabeth. "Emotional Dysregulation and Borderline Personality Disorder: Explaining the Link Between Secondary Psychopathy and Alexithymia." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1310672856.
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Gregory, Amanda Louise. "Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in adolescent psychopathy neuropsychological function, violent behavior, and MRI volumetrics /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3032405.
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Sorg, Abberley E. "The Impact of Medicalization on Individuals Labeled with Antisocial Personality Disorder." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564670634916647.
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Salekin, Randall T. (Randall Todd). "An Investigation of Psychopathy in a Female Jail Sample: a Study of Convergent and Discriminant Validity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277640/.
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The present study was designed to assess both the construct of psychopathy in a female jail sample as well as the quality of the measures that have been employed to assess this personality style. Utilizing the multitrait-multimethod matrix proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959), the construct of psychopathy was measured via three instruments: (a) the Antisocial Scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory, (b) the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised, and (c) the Antisocial Scale of the Personality Disorder Examination. In addition, the predictive validity of each of these measures of psychopathy was evaluated to determine their ability to predict institutional violence and non-compliance. The results revealed significant convergence and divergence across the three instruments supporting the construct of psychopathy in a female jail sample. In addition, the measures of psychopathy demonstrated moderate predictive validity.
26
Carlisle, J. R. "Using mentalizing and psychopathy to explore a dimensional model of antisocial and borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448713/.
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Part one of the thesis reviews the literature on whether antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy represent distinct categories. This question was addressed by identifying studies with populations of individuals meeting criteria for ASPD and exploring the samples in terms of other constructs. Studies are divided into four areas; cluster analytic studies, studies of emotional processing, theory of mind and mentalizing, and executive functioning. The review suggests that those who meet criteria for ASPD represent a heterogeneous group, and that psychopathy is distinct from ASPD. Part two consists of an empirical paper which measures the constructs of mentalizing and psychopathy in a sample of people with and without diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD). This allowed for the testing of the mentalizing deficit theory of BPD, to explore mentalizing in an ASPD sample, and also to explore the construct of psychopathy, which has been used interchangeably with ASPD. BPD has also been suggested to be a phenotypic expression of psychopathy. Results supported a mentalizing deficit in BPD, and support the premise that ASPD is a heterogeneous group, and consists of at least two subtypes. The implications of findings in the context of a paradigm shift away from categorical towards a dimensional model of personality disorder are discussed, along with the limitations of the study and implications for future research. In part three a critical appraisal of the research process is presented. Issues of research in the probation setting, risk and ethical issues of working with this population, and also the practicalities of working alongside a large scale research project are discussed, in order to guide future research in this area.
27
Mark, Daniel. "Contribution of Psychopathic Traits in the Prediction of Generalized Prejudice in Males." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404546/.
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Very few studies have investigated how psychopathic traits might contribute to our understanding of prejudicial attitudes. Moreover, previous studies involve a number of limitations which cloud interpretation of their findings. The current study examined the relationship between prejudice and a number of its predictors (e.g., social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)), while also including psychopathic traits and an innovative new measure of empathy using an online sample. A path analytic framework was employed to comprehensively model relations among psychopathic traits, SDO, RWA, and affective empathy domains in the prediction of generalized prejudice. Overall, there was support for certain psychopathic traits being modest predictors of racial prejudice, although more proximal measures were much stronger predictors. The results revealed a number of novel relationships that may help in further understanding the links between psychopathic propensities, empathy, and social-cognitive variables predictive of racial prejudice.
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Sargeant, Marsha Nneka. "Biobehavioral mechanisms underlying emotionality in antisocial personality disorder and the role of psychopathic traits." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8723.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
29
Ali, Afiya. "Recognition of facial affect in individuals scoring high and low in psychopathic personality characteristics." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20070129.190938/index.html.
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Oncul, Oznur. "Roles Of Basic Personality Traits, Schema Coping Responses, And Toxic Childhood Experiences On Antisocial, Borderline, And Psychopathic Personality Characteristics." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609775/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of basic personality traits, schema coping responses, and toxic childhood experiences on antisocial, borderline, and psychopathic characteristics. Considering the gap in the literature regarding the community samples, the present study also included a non-criminal, besides the criminal sample, in order to observe the differences among the associated variables related to the characteristics of suggested personality disorders. In this way, it was aimed to obtain a general idea about the protective factors from offending. Consequently, the non-criminal sample consisted of 146 participants (78 females and 68 males) and the criminal sample included 131 participants (42 females and 89 males. Data was collected through a demographic form and a package of inventories. In general, the results yielded that a dysfunctional family environment, whether traumatic or non-traumatic seems to play a crucial role in the development of characteristics of personality disorders. Moreover, basic personality traits and coping responses are also observed to affect the behavioral presentation of these characteristics. The findings of the present study is generally in line with the literature suggesting that, dimensional approach to personality disorders, by revealing the sub-clinical features and providing a deeper focus to the underlying dynamics in each personality disorder, have several implications in both clinical and forensic area. The results, as well as their implications and limitations, are discussed
with reference to the recent literature. Finally, suggestions for further research are mentioned.
31
Bonogofsky, Amber Nicole. "Self-report measures of psychopathic and schizotypal personality characteristics a confirmatory factor analysis of characteristics of antisocial behavior and hypothetical psychosis-proneness in a college sample /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06012007-120950/.
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Andrade, Joel T. "Psychosocial Precursors of Psychopathy in a Psychiatric Sample: A Structural Equation Model Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1387.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas O'HarePsychopathy has received a marked increase in attention in the research literature over the past 2 decades since the validation and standardization of assessment tools designed to measure this construct, particularly the Psychopathy Checklist-measures (Hare, 1991/2003; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995; and Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003). Psychopathy has been identified as the best single predictor of violence among adult offenders (Hart, 1998). Such findings have led some to conclude that "psychopathy is the most important psychological construct for policy and practice in the criminal justice system" (Harris, Skilling, & Rice, 2001). Despite the overwhelming evidence of substantial societal and individual costs attributable to this disorder, little is known about psychosocial precursors of psychopathy. This study examines risk factors related to the development of psychopathy, as measured by the PCL:SV, in a sample of 446 psychiatric patients using structural equation modeling (SEM). The final SEM includes five predictor variables measuring early-life physical abuse, paternal antisocial behavior, and cognitive ability. Severe physical abuse (β = 0.17, p = .043), biological father's alcohol abuse history (β = .16, p =.004), biological father's arrest history (β = 0.13, p = .02), and the subject's cognitive ability (β = -0.18, p < .001) were found predictive of psychopathy in this sample. Post hoc analyses comparing male and female subjects, and black and white subjects, indicate different causal pathways in the development of psychopathy among these groups. Future research designed to assess these potentially different causal pathways are recommended. Implications to clinical theory, practice, and policy are also discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
33
Hazelwood, Lisa L. "Gender differences in a prototypical analysis of psychopathy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5371/.
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Psychopathy research has focused primarily on characteristics of male offenders. With little empirical knowledge on psychopathy in women, gender differences within psychopathy are not well understood. To gain a better understanding of these differences, the current study used prototypical analysis to compare ratings of 242 forensic experts when considering their most representative case of male or female psychopathy. The present study investigated gender differences for psychopathic traits and Cluster B personality disorder criteria. Most aspects of psychopathy were less prototypical of female psychopaths than males. In particular, the antisocial behavior facet does not appear to apply to males and females equally. The distinction between Cluster B disorders and psychopathy was more ambiguous in females than males; however, the affective deficits facet differentiated psychopathy from Cluster B disorders across genders. Current research also raises the question of potential diagnostic gender bias in the assessment of psychopathy.
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Abbass, Nagim Tony, and Jonas Molin. "Psychopaths in the media : Criminals, madmen or hidden among us?" Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20568.
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When society is viewed in a social constructive manner, the social worker is as affected as the general population by the media and the image it portrays. A prejudice or bias social worker will not be as effective in his work as his intentions are. The purpose of this thesis was to discover if there are any visible cultural differences in the usage and description of the concept of psychopathy or a psychopath himself in the media, more specifically, daily newspapers. There are three American newspapers and three Swedish newspapers examined in this study. The study is based on a quantiative content analysis of articles published between 1st of January 2008 and 1st of July 2012. The collected data is categorized where the articles can fall under one or more of five available categories. Even though no clear results occurred, some interesting indications are visible between American newspapers and Swedish newspapers, but more so between different American newspapers. Psychopaths, people with an Antisocial Personality Disorder, are most frequently mentioned as criminals or maniacs/madmen in both countries with a modestly higher percentage for the United States of America.När samhället blir sett ur ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv, blir socialarbetaren lika påverkad som den övriga populationen av den bild som media förmedlar och framställer. En fördomsfull eller partisk socialarbetare kommer inte att uppnå den effektivitet i sin profession som syftet med yrket innebär. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka eller upptäcka om det finns några synliga kulturella skillnader i bruket och beskrivningen av psykopati som begrepp eller psykopaten som person i media, mer specifikt dagstidningar. I den här studien ingår tre amerikanska dagstidningar och tre svenska dagstidningar. Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av artiklar publicerade mellan 1:a januari 2008 och 1:a juli 2012. Den insamlade data är kategoriserad där varje artikel kan falla under en eller flera av fem förekommande kategorier. Även om det inte går att utläsa några tydliga resultat, föreligger indikationer som kan vara av intresse mellan amerikanska dagstidningar och svenska dagstidningar, men dessa är tydligare mellan de olika amerikanska dagstidningarna. Psykopater, människor som har en antisocial personlighetsstörning, beskrivs mestadels som kriminella eller galningar/dårar i båda ländernas dagstidningar med en viss högre procentuell representation vad gäller USA.
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Carter, Rachel Marjann. "Psychopathy in Male and Female Offenders: Validating the CAPP-IRS and Investigating the Impact of Gender Role Conformity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062832/.
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Recent conceptualizations of psychopathy are moving toward more inclusive, purely trait-based models. However, researchers continue to heavily rely on assessments of psychopathy that include categorical behavioral elements. The newly developed Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality – Institutional Rating Scale appears to be a promising interview-based measure of psychopathy, but research on its reliability and validity is in its infancy. As a second issue, the vast majority of research on psychopathy, particularly in offender populations, is conducted with male participants. Nonetheless, the growing body of literature involving incarcerated females suggests gender differences in the prevalence and manifestation of psychopathic traits. Reasons for these differences are unclear, but some have proposed socialized gender roles as a contributing factor. With a sample of 52 female 49 male offenders recruited from a large, metropolitan jail, this dissertation evaluated the construct validity of the CAPP-IRS and examined the effect of gender role conformity on the manifestation of psychopathic traits. Results indicated that a three-factor model of psychopathy represented by antagonistic interpersonal relations, restricted emotions, and disinhibited behavior best fit the data. Findings further suggested convergent and discriminant validity for the CAPP-IRS. Additionally, masculine and feminine gender role conformity differentially related to psychopathy, but generally accounted for a small proportion of the variance in psychopathic traits. Recommendations for future research on the CAPP model and its assessment as well as implications for the clinical assessment of psychopathy in women are discussed.
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Roy, Sandeep. "Differential Associations between Psychopathy Factors and Shooter Bias in the Police Officer's Dilemma." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248423/.
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The current study assessed abnormal attention in 71 undergraduate men, approximately half of which displayed elevated psychopathic traits, as they attended to cues on the Police Officer's Dilemma. In the computerized task, participants are instructed to shoot men holding guns and not shoot men holding neutral objects. However, research has shown that irrelevant racial cues in the task can influence participants to shoot unarmed Black men more frequently than unarmed White men; a phenomenon termed shooter bias. Contrary to expectations, individuals with elevated psychopathic traits tended to erroneously shoot unarmed Black men more frequently compared to those with low psychopathy scores. Additional analyses indicated that the interpersonal and lifestyle facets were associated with more interference in determining unarmed Black men as not threatening relative to unarmed White men and the affective domain was associated with faster responses to shooting armed Black men relative to armed White men. Additionally, prejudicial attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation) moderated the relationship between the affective psychopathic traits and shooting armed Black men by increasing the number of armed Black men identified as threatening relative to armed White targets. These findings are discussed in the context of the relationship between psychopathic traits and prejudicial attitudes and recent refinements to etiological theories of psychopathy.
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Parhi, K. (Katariina). "Born to be deviant:histories of the diagnosis of psychopathy in Finland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219431.
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Abstract This dissertation analyzes the history of the diagnosis of psychopathy in Finland in four different contexts from the late-nineteenth century until the end of the 1960s. Due to the broad scope of the diagnosis of psychopathy, it has been used in various contexts. This study takes a look at the early history of forensic psychiatry, the pathologizing of child suicides, the use of the diagnosis in northern Finland as a form of social control after the Second World War, and patients diagnosed with transvestism, classified as a subcategory of psychopathy, and their treatment. The main constants in the use of the diagnosis have been deviance, permanence, the borderland between mental health and illness, intervention, the congenital nature of the condition, and abnormality, which manifests itself as the abnormality of the emotions, drives, and volition. The dissertation examines the background, methods, and significance of the use of the diagnosis as part in the development of the Finnish welfare state. The conceptually broad diagnosis of psychopathy should not be seen as a wastebasket diagnosis only, but should be analyzed separately in each contextTiivistelmä Väitöskirja tarkastelee psykopatiadiagnoosin historian vaiheita Suomessa neljässä eri yhteydessä 1800-luvun loppupuolelta 1960-luvun loppuun. Lukuisista eri konteksteista, joissa diagnoosia on käytetty, tarkastellaan tarkemmin oikeuspsykiatrian alkutaivalta, lasten itsemurhien patologisointia, diagnoosin käyttöä toisen maailmansodan jälkeisessä Pohjois-Suomessa sosiaalisen kontrollin muotona, sekä Transvestitismus-alakategorian potilaita ja hoitoa. Yhteisiä nimittäjiä psykopatiadiagnoosin käytössä ovat olleet poikkeavuus, mielenterveyden ja mielisairauden välinen rajatila, interventio, pysyvyys, synnynnäisyys sekä epänormaalius, joka liittyy tunteisiin, vietteihin ja tahtoon. Väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan psykopatiadiagnoosin käytön taustoja, tapoja ja merkitystä osana suomalaisyhteiskunnan kehitystä kohti hyvinvointivaltiota ja korostetaan, että käsitteellisesti laajan diagnoosin historiaa tulisi tarkastella aina käyttökontekstin kautta, ei pelkkänä kaatoluokan historiana
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Falkenbach, Diana M. "The subtypes of psychopathy and their relationship to hostile and instrumental aggression." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000569.
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Cruise, Keith R. "Measurement of Adolescent Psychopathy: Construct and Predictive Validity in Two Samples of Juvenile Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2648/.
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The construct of psychopathy holds promise as a discriminating variable in the classification and explanation of childhood antisocial behavior. The new generation of psychopathy measures, designed to measure this construct in adolescent populations, must meet acceptable standards of reliability and validity prior to the clinical application of the construct with adolescent offenders. The purpose of this study is to examine the construct and predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy as measured by the PCL:YV, PSD, SALE, and SRP-II. Data from two samples of detained adolescent offenders (short-term and long-term detention) are utilized to investigate construct validity via MTMM. In addition, external validity indices including institutional violations (fighting, seclusions, and treatment refusals) and community supervision (probation contacts, drug testing, and re-arrests) are operationalized and measured in order to examine the predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy. Results of construct validity offer modest support for the two-factor model of psychopathy. For external validity, Factor 2 accounted for greater variance in the prediction of institutional infractions and subsequent placements in a secure facility; however, its overall predictive validity was low. The results suggest that the current measures assess psychopathic traits and behaviors which may be stable in adults but are likely to be normative and transient in many adolescents.
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Morana, Hilda Clotilde Penteado. ""Identificação do ponto de corte para a escala PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) em população forense brasileira: caracterização de dois subtipos de personalidade; transtorno global e parcial"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-14022004-211709/.
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MORANA, HCP. Identificação do ponto de corte para a escala PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) em população forense brasileira : caracterização de dois subtipos de personalidade ; transtorno global e parcial. São Paulo, 2003. 178p. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. No Brasil, não existem até o momento, na esfera jurídico-penal, instrumentos padronizados que permitam a identificação de sujeitos que possam vir a reincidir em crimes, principalmente os de natureza violenta e cruel. O PCL-R, já amplamente utilizado e institucionalizado em diversos países, preenche esta lacuna. Este estudo visa discriminar, através da análise da personalidade, sujeitos considerados psicopatas e não psicopatas, correlacionados neste estudo como transtorno global (TG) e parcial (TP) da personalidade, respectivamente. O grupo de estudo é composto por 56 sujeitos denominados de POPULAÇÃO FORENSE, sendo: 33 sujeitos identificados como TG e 23 sujeitos identificados como TP. Todos os 56 sujeitos foram analisados através dos dados clínicos, institucionais, da Prova de Rorschach e do PCL-R. Esta população foi comparada a 30 sujeitos denominados de POPULAÇÃO CONTROLE, e que também foram avaliados pelos mesmos instrumentos do grupo de estudo. A personalidade, de ambos os grupos da população forense, se relaciona a condutas anti-sociais, mas apresenta diferenças quanto à dinâmica psíquica e às repercussões sobre o comportamento. A correta identificação de tais sujeitos apresenta implicações diversas para o sistema forense e penitenciário e pode vir a contribuir para diminuir os índices de reincidência criminal e de violência no país. A validação do instrumento (PCL-R) e identificação do ponto de corte para a condição de psicopatia (TG em nossa notação) foi realizada através do uso concorrente entre ambos os instrumentos e resultou no valor de 23 (IC=21,61 a 24,05). A média encontrada foi de 28,63 (IC=26,78 a 30,48). O valor da medida da sensibilidade foi de 84,8% e a confiabilidade entre ambos os instrumentos, medida através do índice Kappa, foi considerada elevada, resultando no valor de 0,8735.MORANA, HCP. Identifying the Brazilian PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) cut-off score for forensic population : characterizing two personality subtypes; global personality disorder (GPD) and Partial personality disorder (PPD). São Paulo, 2003. 178p. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. In Brazil, there have been no standardized instruments in the legal and penal field so far that enable-identifying subjects who may relapse into crime, mainly those crimes of violent and cruel nature. The PCL-R, broadly used and institutionalized in several countries, fills such gap. The goal of the present study is to discriminate, through in-depth personality assessment, subjects considered psychopathic and non-psychopathic, correlated in this study to individuals specified as having global personality disorder (GPD) and partial personality disorder (PPD), respectively. The sample is composed of a random sample of 56 male subjects referred to as forensic population, these being: 33 subjects identified as GPD and 23 subjects identified as PPD. All 56 subjects have been assessed on the light of clinical data, judicial records, the Rorschach Test and the PCL-R. This population was compared to 30 subjects referred to as non-criminal population, and who have also been assessed via the same instruments as the sample. The personality of both forensic population groups fulfills ICD-10 criteria for antisocial personality disorder, but differences in terms of their psychic dynamics and personality determinants can be clearly identified, which impacts upon their social behavior in different ways. The accurate identification of such subjects presents multiple implications to the forensic and penitentiary system, and may contribute to reduce recidivism rates as well as violence levels in the country. Validation of the instrument (PCL-R) and identification of the cut-off score for the psychopathic condition (GPD in our notation), for the sample drawn from the Brazilian forensic population has been conducted through the concurrent analysis of both instruments of assessment, resulting in a 23 cut-off score (CI = 21.61 to 24,05). The average value is 28,63 (CI= 26,78 to 30, 48). Sensitivity outcome is 84,8%. Specificity is 100%. The reliability rates found for both instruments were high (Kappa = 0.8735).
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Achá, Maria Fernanda Faria. "Funcionamento executivo e traços de psicopatia em jovens infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-07122011-150839/.
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Introdução: A literatura aponta um envolvimento cada vez maior de jovens com a delinquência e a criminalidade. Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas com população forense têm buscado estudar a etiologia do comportamento antissocial. Neste contexto a avaliação neuropsicológica tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como recurso para a investigação da correlação entre conduta infracional e déficits cognitivos. Este estudo investigou o desempenho cognitivo de jovens infratores reincidentes e não reincidentes em tarefas relacionadas às funções executivas. Método: 38 jovens infratores com idade média de 18 anos (±0,23) foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: Infratores Primários (n=17) e Grupo 2: Infratores Reincidentes (n=21). Para a avaliação clínica utilizou-se os seguintes instrumentos: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e os testes neuropsicológicos: Semelhanças; Fluência Verbal, Stroop Color Test, Cubos, Vocabulário, Dígitos, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e índice de quociente de inteligência estimado (QI). Resultados: Os grupos foram pareados quanto à idade e escolaridade. O grupo de reincidentes (Grupo 2) mostrou maior pontuação na escala PCL-R (p=0,05) corroborando a tese de que traços de psicopatia são maiores entre infratores reincidentes. Nas provas neuropsicológicas de fluência verbal, TMT, Stroop, WCST, semelhanças e vocabulário, os grupos não se diferenciaram estatisticamente. Já na avaliação da execução de tarefas que exigem planejamento viso-espacial e QI estimado, o grupo 2 apresentou desempenho superior (p <0,01). Por outro lado, o grupo dos primários (grupo 1) apresentou maior eficiência (p=0,04) em tarefas relacionadas à amplitude atencional auditiva. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu identificar que as variáveis neuropsicológicas não são por si só, consistentes para discriminar aspectos cognitivos entre jovens infratores primários e reincidentesBackground: According to the literature, juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in many countries, which has increased researches with forensic population seeking for the etiology of antisocial behavior. In this context, neuropsychological evaluation is usually used as an important tool to investigate the correlation between conduct behavior and cognitive deficits. The present research compared executive functions between recidivist juvenile offenders and non-recidivist ones. Methods: 38 young offenders with 18 years old of average (±0,23) were divided in two groups: Group 1: Primary Offenders (n=17) and Group 2: Recidivist Offenders (n = 21), both evaluated through the following tools: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Psychopathy Checklist Revised(PCL-R) and the neuropsychological tests: similarities, verbal fluency, Stroop Color Test, block design, vocabulary, digit span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and intelligence coefficient estimated (IQ). Results: The groups were controlled regarding age and scholarship. The recidivist group (group 2) showed higher scores at the PCL-R (p = 0,05) corroborating the theory that psychopathic traits are higher in these offenders. The groups reveal no statistical difference in the following neuropsychological test: verbal fluency, TMT, Stroop, WCST, similarities and vocabulary. However, group 2 presented better ability in activities requiring perceptual organization (p< 0,01), and also had higher estimated IQ (p< 0,02). In the other hand, group 1 performed better in tasks related to auditory sequencing and short-term memory (p=0,04). Conclusion: The results indicate that neuropsychological variables alone are not sufficient to discriminate between recidivist and norecidivist young offenders
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Lindblom, Sophia. "Objektrelationer hos livsstilskriminella män : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7158.
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Inledning: I föreliggande litteraturstudie analyseras tre kvantitativa studier somundersökt sambanden mellan objektrelationer och antisocial personlighetsstörningoch psykopati hos kriminella män. Målgruppen överensstämmer väl med personermed kriminell livsstil. Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att utifrån den samladekunskapen öka förståelsen för de omedvetna emotionella processerna hospersoner med kriminell livsstil. En ökad förståelse antas kunna bidra till bättreanpassad behandling för målgruppen. Frågeställningar: Vilka objektrelationer finns hos livsstilskriminella män? Hurkan en större förståelse inom området bidra till bättre anpassade interventionerför målgruppen? Metod: Studierna har inkluderats genom databassökning och analyserats genomtematisering där generella och specifika aspekter av objektrelationer hosmålgruppen identifierats. Resultat: Resultatet visar att målgruppen generellt har enpersonlighetsorganisation på borderlinenivå. Specifikt är egocentrism denintrapsykiska aspekt som är mest karaktäristisk. Interventioner som visat sigframgångsrika med andra former av personlighetsstörningar inom kluster B antasvara användbara för målgruppen. Diskussion: Vidare forskning behövs om hur målgruppens egocentrism skahanteras i den terapeutiska situationen. Psykoedukativa inslag om egocentrismantas kunna bidra till att klienten idealiserar denna kunskap, vilket kan vändas tillett intresse för det egna inre.Introduction: In this literature study, the relationships between objectrelationships and antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy among criminalswas analysed. The aim is to increase the understanding of the unconsciousemotional processes of people with a criminal lifestyle. An increasedunderstanding is believed to contribute to better tailored interventions for thetarget group. Issues: What object relations are found in men with a criminal lifestyle? How cana greater understanding in the area contribute to better tailored interventions forthe target group? Methods: The studies have been included through database search and examinedthrough thematization. General and specific aspects of object relations wereidentified. Results: The result shows that the target group generally has a personalityorganization at borderline level. Specifically, egocentrism is the characteristicaspect. Interventions that have proved to be successful with other personalitydisorders within cluster B are believed to be useful to the target group. Discussion: Further research is needed to examine how egocentrism should behandled in the therapeutic situation. Psycho-educative elements aboutegocentrism are believed to help the client idealize this knowledge and turn it intoan interest in his own mental states.
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Barros, Daniel Martins de. "Correlação entre grau de psicopatia, nível de julgamento moral e resposta psicofisiológica em jovens infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-26052011-144316/.
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Introdução: A psicopatia sempre foi associada a comportamentos imorais e frieza emocional, além de risco de reincidência criminal. Embora a frieza dos psicopatas seja bem estabelecida, não há consenso sobre o nível de discernimento moral desses indivíduos, existindo teorias propondo que eles não apresentam desenvolvimento moral adequado enquanto outras propõem que o que lhes falta é querer agir, não saber discernir o certo do errado. Já quando analisamos a relação entre essas três variáveis, psicopatia, imoralidade e frieza, os dados são ainda mais díspares, não existindo consenso sobre a necessidade ou não da presença de emoções para o amadurecimento moral. O estudo de sujeitos infratores encarcerados é interessante nesse contexto, uma vez que permite o controle de variáveis de confusão envolvidas nessa inter-relação, como influências ambientais, vivência criminal, grau de psicopatia, uso de drogas e QI. Em se tratando de jovens infratores, há ainda a vantagem de se estudar uma amostra homogênea quanto à idade. Objetivos: Verificar se existe correlação entre os níveis de maturidade moral e os graus de frieza emocional e de psicopatia, tomando por base uma população de jovens em medida sócio-educativa de internação na Fundação Casa. Adicionalmente, verificar a capacidade de previsão de reincidência da tradução brasileira do PCL-R. Esperou-se correlação inversa significante entre o escore da Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e reatividade autonômica e nível de julgamento moral. Quanto a estas duas últimas variáveis, estabelecemos como hipótese a independência entre ambas. Acreditamos ainda que infratores reincidentes iriam diferir de primários no grau de psicopatia. Métodos: Trinta jovens em medida sócio-educativa foram submetidos a avaliação: a) do grau de psicopatia com a escala PCL-R, separando fator 1 (ligado às relações interpessoais e frieza) e fator 2 (ligado a estilo de vida criminal, comportamentos antissociais); b) do nível de maturidade moral com o Socio-moral Objective Measure (SROM-SF); c) da frieza emocional, refletida na resposta psicofisiológica aferida pela atividade elétrica da pele (AEP) diante de estímulos visuais eliciadores de respostas afetivas provenientes do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Resultados: Encontrou-se relação direta entre o fator 1 do PCL-R e a latência de resposta autonômica (teste de Spearman, p<0,005), e entre o fator 2 e o maior controle vagal (teste de Spearman, p<0,005). Não houve correlação entre a maturidade moral e o nível de psicopatia (teste de Spearman, p>0,05) ou frieza emocional (teste de Spearman, p>0,05). Os escores no PCL-R diferenciaram as populações de reincidentes e primários (teste t, p=0,0006). Conclusões: Conforme previsto, houve relação significativa entre o grau de psicopatia e a frieza emocional psicofisiologicamente aferida pela AEP. Além disso, a previsão de independência entre AEP e julgamento moral também se confirmou. Diferentemente da hipótese inicial, o grau de psicopatia não apresentou correlação com o nível de julgamento moral. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que a tradução brasileira do PCL-R demonstrou consistência ao prever a reincidência criminal na amostra estudada.Background: Psychopathy has always been associated with immoral behavior and callousness. Although the latter characteristic is well established for psychopaths, there is no consensus regarding the level of moral discernment of these individuals: some theories suggest that they lack appropriate moral development, whilst others, that they lack only the willing to act properly. Regarding the relationship of these three variables - psychopathy, immorality and callousness - data is even less consistent. Thus, it is important to investigate incarcerated offenders, since studies with such population allow one to control for variables that may confound this inter-relationship, such as environmental influences, criminal experience, psychopathy, drug use and IQ. The investigation of juvenile offenders has additional advantages, as they form a homogeneous sample regarding age. Objectives: To verify the correlation between level of moral judgment, callousness and psychopathy in juvenile offenders incarcerated in Fundação Casa. We also wished to verify the risk prediction of the Brazilian version of the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R). We expected to find inverse correlations between PCL-R scores and electrodermal activity and moral judgment level. Regarding the last two variables, we expected that they should be independent from each other. Finally, we expected that primary offenders would be different from recidivist ones. Methods: Thirty incarcerated young offenders were evaluated regarding: a) the degree of psychopathy according with scores on the scale PCL-R, split between factor 1 (which reflects interpersonal relationships and coldness) and factor 2 (reflecting criminal lifestyle, antisocial behaviors), b) level of moral judgment level as assessed with the Socio-moral Objective Measure-Short Form (SROM-SF), c) emotional callousness as measured through psychophysiological responses (electrodermal activity EDA) to visual stimuli from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS). Results: We found a direct relationship between factor 1 of the PCL-R and latency of EDA response (Spearman test, p<0,005), and between factor 2 and greater vagal control (Spearman test, p<0,005). No significant relationship was found between moral maturity and level of psychopathy or callousness (Spearman test, p>0,05). PCL-R scores were able to distinguish primary from recidivist offenders (t test, p=0,0006). Conclusions: As predicted, there was a significant correlation between psychopathy levels and callousness as measured through EDA. Moreover, we also confirmed the prediction that there would be no relationship between EDA and moral judgment. However, different from what we expected, psychopathy level did not show any significant relationship with moral judgment. Additionally, it was found that the Brazilian version of the PCL-R demonstrated consistency in predicting recidivism in the sample studied.
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Forth, Adelle E. "Emotion and psychopathy: a three-component analysis." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1882.
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The study was designed to examine the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with an affective deficit. Subjects were 42 incarcerated offenders divided into nonpsychopathic and psychopathic groups based on their scores on the Hare Revised Psychopathy Checklist (Hare, 1991). Facial expressions, central and peripheral physiological activity, and subjective ratings of affective valence and arousal were measured during exposure to a series of slides and film clips designed to elicit either positive or negative affective states. The results indicate that psychopaths do not differ from criminal controls in their affective self-report, autonomic nervous system response, or observed facial expressions to emotional stimuli. However, with respect to cerebral asymmetry, psychopaths failed to show relative right frontal activation during exposure to the disgust film. This result is discussed in relation to recent attempts to explain psychopathy in terms of lateralized cerebral dysfunction.
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Moore, Joseph Tatum. "Investigation of the violence inhibition mechanism model of psychopathy in a non-institutionalized sample." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12352.
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Moore, Joseph Tatum Holahan Charles J. Tucker David M. "Investigation of the violence inhibition mechanism model of psychopathy in a non-institutionalized sample." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3122768.
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Labow, Melissa Amber. "The comorbidity of psychopathy, anxiety, and depression disorder." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11046.
Full textAbstract:
La psychopathie est un désordre de la personnalité caractérisé par des traits de comportement, tels qu’un manque d’empathie, du narcissisme, une estime de soi élevée, etc. Souvent, ces traits sont considérés comme indésirables. Ces caractéristiques se manifestent chez l’homme et la femme, autant dans la population criminelle que non-criminelle. L’étude de la psychopathie et la relation entre celle-ci et d’autres désordres mentaux représente un domaine relativement novateur de la psychologie. Des études démontrent une forte corrélation négative entre la psychopathie et l'anxiété, et entre la psychopathie et la dépression. Au total, 92 étudiants actuels ou ayant récemment graduées, au niveau du baccalauréat, de la maîtrise, et du doctorat ont été recrutés pour participer à cette étude. Ces participants ont complété quatre questionnaires standardisées qui évaluent leur niveau de psychopathie, d’anxiété et de dépression. Les évaluations utilisées sont le « Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy scale », le « Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Self-Report », le « Beck Depression Inventory », et le « Beck Anxiety Inventory ». Les résultats suggèrent l'existence d'une forte corrélation positive entre la dépression et la psychopathie, entre l'anxiété et la psychopathie, et entre l'anxiété et la dépression. Des
variables additionnelles, tels que le sexe et l’éducation antérieure, contribuent aussi de façon
significatives à ce modèle. Les résultats sont analysés tout en considérant des études antérieures et l’importance de la comorbidité psychopathique dans la recherche à venir.Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by behavioral traits that are often considered undesirable. These traits include callousness, lack of empathy, narcissism, and increased sense of self-worth. These characteristics of psychopathy manifest themselves in men and women alike, and within both criminal and noncriminal populations. The study of the relationship between psychopathy and other mental disorders is a relatively new area of research within the field of psychology. The present study attempted to expand this area of research, namely by examining the relationship between psychopathy, anxiety, and depression. Studies conducted on this relationship have thus far shown that both anxiety and depression disorder are significantly and negatively correlated with psychopathy. For the present study, a total of 92 currently enrolled or recently graduated undergraduate and graduate students were recruited for participation. The participants completed four standardized scales that assessed their level of psychopathy, anxiety, and depression disorder. Participants were assessed using the Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy scale, the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Self-Report, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The results suggested that both anxiety and depression are positively and significantly correlated with psychopathy as well as with each other. Additional variables, such as gender and educational origins, were found to contribute significantly to the model. The discussion of the results of the present study includes the findings of previous, related research as well as the importance of psychopathic comorbidity analyses in future research.
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Strachan, Catherine Elizabeth. "The assessment of psychopathy in female offenders." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6829.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability
and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for
use with a female population. Seventy-five women who were
either incarcerated or on probation were assessed using
interview and file information. In addition, all subjects
completed a battery of self-report inventories that were
theoretically relevant to the PCL-R. The results strongly
supported the appropriateness of the PCL-R for use with female
offenders. The psychometric properties were excellent
indicating a homogeneous and unidimensional scale. The factor
analysis confirmed a two factor structure representing two
distinct aspects of psychopathy; the personological and
behavioural dimensions. The pattern of correlations obtained
from the self—report inventories was highly similar to that
obtained with male samples, further suggesting that the same
construct is being measured in both sexes. The implications of
these findings in terms of the construct of psychopathy and
explanations of women’s criminality are discussed as well as
future research and practical implications.
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Louth, Shirley May. "Psychopathy, alexithymia and affect in female offenders." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5397.
Full textAbstract:
Psychopathy and alexithymia are disorders with many
conceptual similarities. For example, Factor 1
of the
Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) contains
items like shallow affect and lack of empathy, which seem to map
on to the construct of alexithymia. Additionally, both
psychopaths and alexithymics display striking differences from
others in their use of language, especially affective language.
The two areas of interest in the present study were (a)
occurrence and co—occurrence of psychopathy and alexithymia in a
sample of female inmates, and (b) the relationship between
affective language and these two disorders.
Psychopathy and alexithymia were assessed in 37 women
offenders incarcerated in a
Burnaby Correctional Centre, using
the PCL-R
and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (
TAS; Taylor, Ryan &
Bagby, 1985). Each subject was presented with a
short written
scenario designed to elicit an emotional response, and asked to
describe the feelings of the characters in the story. Their taped
responses were analyzed for measures of affect.
Base rates of both disorders were comparable to those in
similar samples, (
30% of the inmates were diagnosed as
psychopathic; 33% as alexithymic) but the coxnorbidity rate was
only 8%. There was a
significant correlation between alexithymia
scores and PCL—R
Factor 2
scores —
the factor assessing
antisocial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the TAS and PCL-R were both predictive of violence. This
relationship between the PCL-R and violence is well
substantiated; that the TAS also predicts violence is a newer
finding.
Alexithymics spoke more slowly, used fewer total words
overall and fewer affective words, and displayed less emotion in
their voices than did nonalexithymics. Psychopaths could not be
identified by any vocal measures except a slight tendency to
speak faster than nonpsychopaths. Although both disorders are
characterized’ by affective impoverishment, the verbal expressions
of affect were very different in psychopaths and alexithymics.
The psychopaths were adept at convincing raters of an emotional
investment they did not feel; alexithymics could not disguise
their lack of appropriate emotional response.
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Chiu, Hsien-liang, and 邱顯良. "The Study on Relationships Among Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Violent Crime." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26527073386099090102.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中正大學
犯罪防治所
95
Psychopathy as it is conceptualized among adults represents a distinct cluster of affective, interpersonal and behavioral characteristics. Cleckley(1976) described the prototypical psychopath as an individual who was superficially charming and intelligent, but who also was insincere, untruthful, egocentric, and lacking in remorse and shame. The purpose of the thesis was to investigate the characteristics of the psychopathy in the perpetrators. Four studies had been conducted in the research. In study 1, case study approach was used to explore the behavioral and affective disorder of the continual murder. Data were induced by procedures of the phenomenological analysis. Psychopaths selected from incarcerated offenders were divided into two classifications in study 2. Their domestic relations, school adaptation, social life adaptation, and crime faith were compared between “violent-psychopath” and “nonviolent-psychopath”. In study 3, in-depth interview and self-reported questionnaire were used to survey 71 offenders which divided into “psychopath” and “antisocial personality”. The two group samples were compared with their age, education, parents’ marriage, age of first offense, amounts of recidivism, and substance abuse. In addition, the factor structure of PCL-R was also discussed. In study 4, samples selected from substitute civilian servicemen were divided into different classifications. Their neuroticism, extroversion, impulsivity and aggression were also compared. Multiple regression analyses were used to ascertain the predictors of aggression. Results were as follows: 1. In study 1, the sample was appraised and confirmed a secondary psychopath. These traits of psychopathy were habitually represents by this sample, such as “manipulative”, “callous”, “lack of empathy”, and “lack of remorse or guilt”. 2. Comparing violent-psychopath with nonviolent-psychopath on domestic relations,…, etc. Results were as following: (1)The violent-psychopath is significantly higher in the ratio of the single-parent family. And, both of them lack suitable upbringing. (2)Both of the two groups are similar in the level of education. But, the deviant disposition of violent-psychopath was significantly higher in the school. (3)The violence-psychopath changed work frequently, and most of them had the ideas of earning money by illegal means. In addition, both of the two groups had the complex relations in sex. (4) The violent-psychopath is significantly higher in the ratio of the antisocial behavior in youth. And, the impulsivity of violent- psychopath was also significantly higher. 3. Comparing psychopath with antisocial personality on the records of offenses. Results were as follows: (1)Psychopath was significantly higher in the proportion of the recidivists and substance abuse. (2)The PCL-R has good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses and coefficients of congruence showed that the factor structure in this sample resembled the research of Hare. (3)A direct discriminant function analysis was performed by using 20 traits of psychopathy as predictors of membership in different categories of offenders, respectively. Only “Conning/Manipulative”, “Callous/Lack of Empathy” and “Early Behavioral Problems” in those twenty discriminants can correctly classify (64.1%) samples into three groups. 4. In study 4, results were as follow: (1)Psychopath can be classified into the category of “neuroticism- extroversion”(Quadrant 1 of Eysenck’ theory). (2)A direct discriminant function analysis was performed by using 9 traits as predictors of membership in different categories of personality. Only “physical aggression” of those nine discriminants can correctly classify (53.8%) samples into three groups. (3)The predictive relation of aggression found by multiple regression analysis, only “neuroticism” can significantly explain about 28% to 51% of variance among aggression behaviors. The implications of the findings of this study about the relationships between psychopathy and violent crime are also discussed.