To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Psychosis; trauma.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychosis; trauma'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Psychosis; trauma.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Tarsia, Massimo. "Trauma and dissociation in psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29392.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we have attempted to address the complex issue of the relationship between trauma, dissociation, and psychosis. It is hypothesised that dissociation, occurred as a result of trauma, plays a key role in the formation and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, chiefly hallucinations and delusions. We have used methods from experimental psychopathology to investigate the potential role played by dissociative processes in the disruption of the cognitive processes of attention and memory for trauma-related, positive and neutral information in two groups of participants: 30 individuals with psychosis and 30 matched controls. In particular, we used self-report measures of symptomatology, recovery style, trauma, and dissociation, and employed two experimental tasks. The first was specifically devised to assess attentional processes: a Directed Forgetting Stroop Task (DFST) performed under conditions of divided attention. The second task was a Word-Stem Completion Task (WSCT) on which we applied the process dissociation procedure (PDP; Jacoby, 1991) in order to estimate the relative contribution to dissociation of implicit and explicit memory. As expected, our findings revealed that the experimental group processed information preferentially in an implicit manner. Generally, the psychosis group exhibited a better memory performance for trauma-related information, better conscious retrieval inhibition for the same material, and more difficulty in forgetting it. We also found that our self-report measure of trauma predicted levels of dissociation, which, in turn predicted individuals’ recovery style. Additionally, both dissociation and recovery style predicted levels of positive symptoms. However, we did not find a standard directed forgetting effect on our memory task or an advantage (less interference due to dissociation) on our task of divided attention. Results are discussed in the light of the theoretical background, previous experimental literature, and current models of trauma and dissociation.
2
Hardy, Amy. "Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439510.
Full text
3
Dunn, Rebecca. "The relationship between trauma and psychosis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.587070.
Full textAbstract:
It has been suggested that psychosis may emerge as a reaction to trauma and models of anxiety and psychosis suggest that this relationship is mediated and maintained by a number of different psychological variables. Empirical studies have begun to investigate the association between trauma and the symptoms associated with psychosis and the role of other variables, such as post-traumatic beliefs, metacognitive beliefs and dissociation, in linking the two experiences. Therefore, the first section of this thesis aimed to systematically and critically review empirical studies examining the different psychological factors involved in linking trauma to delusions and hallucinations. Differences in the pathways from varying experiences of trauma to varying symptoms of psychosis were also reviewed. The results suggest that higher levels of post-traumatic cognitions were associated with higher levels of delusions and hallucinations and higher levels of dissociation were associated with higher levels of hallucinations. The appraisal of psychotic symptoms was also related to the presence of delusions and hallucinations. The methodological robustness of the research was also discussed in order to identify relevant gaps in the literature. The aim of the second section of the thesis was to investigate whether the relationship between PTSD symptoms and delusional beliefs would be mediated by negative schema about others and negative schema about the self. Ninety-one participants completed online measures and the results suggest that negative schema about others partially mediated the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and delusional beliefs. However, negative schema about the self did not mediate this relationship. The theoretical and clinical implications for both studies are discussed and directions for future research are considered. The final section of the thesis focuses on methodological and professional issues and reflections on these issues in the context of clinical psychology research and practice.
4
Spauwen, Janneke, Lydia Krabbendam, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108608.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The reported link between psychological trauma and onset of psychosis remains controversial.
Aims. To examine associations between self-reported psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms as a function of prior evidence of vulnerability to psychosis (psychosis proneness).
Method. At baseline, 2524 adolescents aged 14-24 years provided self-reports on psychological trauma and psychosis proneness, and at follow-up (on average 42 months later) participants were interviewed for presence of psychotic symptoms.
Results. Self-reported trauma was associated with psychotic symptoms, in particular at more severe levels (adjusted OR1.89,95% CI1.16-3.08) and following trauma associated with intense fear, helplessness or horror. The risk difference between those with and without self-reported trauma at baseline was 7% in the group with baseline psychosis proneness, but only 1.8% in those without (adjusted test for difference between these two effect sizes: χ2=4.6, P=0.032).
Conclusions. Exposure to psychological trauma may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in people vulnerable to psychosis.
5
Spauwen, Janneke, Lydia Krabbendam, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness." Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26761.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The reported link between psychological trauma and onset of psychosis remains controversial.
Aims. To examine associations between self-reported psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms as a function of prior evidence of vulnerability to psychosis (psychosis proneness).
Method. At baseline, 2524 adolescents aged 14-24 years provided self-reports on psychological trauma and psychosis proneness, and at follow-up (on average 42 months later) participants were interviewed for presence of psychotic symptoms.
Results. Self-reported trauma was associated with psychotic symptoms, in particular at more severe levels (adjusted OR1.89,95% CI1.16-3.08) and following trauma associated with intense fear, helplessness or horror. The risk difference between those with and without self-reported trauma at baseline was 7% in the group with baseline psychosis proneness, but only 1.8% in those without (adjusted test for difference between these two effect sizes: χ2=4.6, P=0.032).
Conclusions. Exposure to psychological trauma may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in people vulnerable to psychosis.
6
Palmier-Claus, Jasper. "Childhood adversity in bipolar disorder and psychosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/childhood-adversity-in-bipolar-disorder-and-psychosis(40707dae-c064-4da5-8b06-2d7f18ff5b14).html.
Full textAbstract:
Study one is a meta-analysis of the relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar disorder. The results suggest that individuals with bipolar disorder are 2.63 times more likely to experience childhood adversity than non-clinical controls. This effect remained significant even when controlling for bias and when considering epidemiological and case control studies separately. Levels of adversity in bipolar disorder were comparable to those observed in samples diagnosed with unipolar depression and schizophrenia. In adversity subtype analysis, emotional abuse conveyed the greatest risk of bipolar disorder with an odds ratio of 4.04. The results suggest that childhood adversity, particularly emotional abuse, may play an important role in the development of bipolar disorder. This challenges the notion that bipolar disorder is solely the result of a genetic predisposition. Study two is cross-sectional research investigating the association between childhood adversity and social functioning across the continuum of psychosis, and possible mediators of this relationship (i.e. attachment style, theory of mind ability, clinical symptoms). Fifty-four clinical and 120 non-clinical participants completed self-report questionnaires, interviews and tasks of theory of mind ability. The author used multiple group structural equation modelling to fit mediation models, whilst allowing for differential relationships across the samples. In the final model, only depression mediated the relationship between childhood adversity and social functioning. Childhood adversity did not significantly predict theory of mind ability in this data. The results suggest that psychosocial interventions for improving social functioning should also target low mood, particularly in individuals with a history of childhood adversity. Taken together this thesis suggests that childhood adversity can have long-reaching and negative effects on individuals' mental well-being. The author explores the wider clinical, academic and theoretical implications, and potential limitations, of the research in paper three. This section also contains the author's reflections on the research process and a justification of key methodological and analytical decisions.
7
Scherer-Dickson, Nicole. "Effects of early trauma on metacognitive functioning in psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5611.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Empirical evidence suggests a relationship between early trauma and psychosis. However, the underlying mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear. Research into metacognitive functioning in psychosis indicates higher levels of metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs within this patient group. The potential effects of early trauma on metacognitive functioning in psychosis has to date been scarcely researched. Reflective functioning (RF) is believed to be affected by early trauma and leading to psychopathology, particularly borderline personality disorder. However, to date no studies have investigated the effects of early trauma on RF within psychosis. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to establish core links between the effects of early trauma and metacognitive and reflective functioning in psychosis. A secondary aim was to test the clinical applicability of a brief, newly developed attachment-based measure for RF. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore potential overlaps between the concepts of metacognition and reflective functioning. Method: A quantitative methodology was employed, using a combination of semi-structured interviews and self-report questionnaire, and group comparisons were conducted. Twenty-seven patients with psychosis or bipolar disorder were recruited. Participants were grouped into early trauma versus no early trauma; trauma versus no trauma; and in-patient versus out-patient, and exploratory analyses were completed. Results: No significant effects were found for early trauma but for trauma in general, indicating higher level of dysfunctional beliefs in patients with trauma (early plus adult trauma) history. No significant effect between groups were found for RF. Inpatients, however, showed significantly lower levels of RF when compared with outpatients, and outpatients significantly higher levels of cognitive self-focus(thinking about thoughts). Moreover, a modest positive correlation was found between both measures. Discussion: The findings of the present study suggest core links between the effects of trauma on metacognitive functioning in psychosis. This highlights the importance of routine trauma assessment with psychotic patients. The limitations of the metacognitive model within psychosis are discussed. Further research is implicated to investigate any potential effects of early trauma on RF in psychosis. Low level of RF in in-patients highlights the importance to integrate therapeutic techniques to improve RF functioning in this patient group since high RF is associated with resilience and better therapy outcome. The correlation between metacognition and RF measure indicates construct-validity for the RF measure. The differences between both concepts are considered. Furthermore, the limitations of this study and clinical utility are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
8
Evans, Gavin John. "Trauma and psychosis : investigating dissociation and self-concept clarity." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644350.
Full text
9
Flemal, Simon. "D’une étude métapsychologique de la fonction délirante dans les processus psychiques de la schizophrénie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20050.
Full textAbstract:
En nous étayant des théories issues de l’épistémologie psychanalytique, nous concevons la schizophrénie comme résultant d’une expérience traumatique primaire n’ayant pu être intégrée au sein de la subjectivité. Ce traumatisme, nous le rattachons moins à un évènement en tant que tel qu’à la position impensable qu’il désigne pour le sujet. Ainsi, en nous inspirant de la pensée de P. Aulagnier et de R. Roussillon, nous suggérons que le noyau traumatique conditionnant le développement d’une problématique schizophrénique se rapporte à la position d’objet pulsionnel, ou de non-désir, à laquelle se trouve identifié le sujet au sein des premiers échanges avec son environnement. Face à l’impensable de cette position identificatoire, le sujet se voit contraint de s’extraire de la scène relationnelle avec ses objets primaires, se clivant par la même opération du capital représentatif qui lui est associé. Dans ces conditions, nous pensons que le délire, moins d’apparaître comme une production pathologique dépourvue de sens, correspond à un mode de réponse face au retour hallucinatoire de l’impensé traumatique. Aussi, à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’analyse d’une douzaine de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence trois principales fonctions du délire dans la schizophrénie. La première, conceptualisée sous le terme de « fonction contenante », procède à la mise en forme et à la transformation signifiante de ce qui ne put être symbolisé de l’expérience traumatique. La seconde, nommée « fonction localisante », tente de situer en dehors du sujet le débordement pulsionnel inhérent au traumatisme primaire. La troisième, appelée « fonction identifiante », permet à la personne délirante de s’attribuer un énoncé identificatoire qui, de manière auto-créée, supplée à l’énigme de son histoire insensée.Enfin, l’analyse de nos données cliniques souligne que ces trois fonctions de l’activité délirante ne se réalisent pas de façon aléatoire mais qu’elles s’articulent selon une logique particulière. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu’à partir de sa triple opération le délire schizophrénique tend à se déployer en un « processus délirant », par lequel le sujet peut rendre pensable et supportable la position traumatique à laquelle il a été identifié au cours de son histoireBy following theories from the psychoanalytical epistemology, we consider schizophrenia as the result of a primary trauma that has not been assimilated within the subjectivity. We connect less this traumatism with an event than with the unthinkable position the subject is identified to. Therefore, being inspired by the thought of P. Aulagnier and R. Roussillon, we suggest that the traumatic nucleus which conditions the development of schizophrenia is related to the position of instinctual object, or of non-desire, to which the subject is identified within the first exchanges with his environment. In view of this unthinkable position, the subject is forced to remove himself from the relationship with his primary objects, splitting off from the representative capital that is associated with it. In these conditions, we think that the delusion appears less as a meaningless pathological production than as a way of answering to the hallucinatory return of the traumatic unthought. From a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of a dozen clinical cases, we highlight three main functions of the delusion in schizophrenia. The first, conceptualized under the term «containing function», carries out the shaping and the significant transformation of what could have not been symbolized of the traumatic experience. The second, called «localizing function», tries to locate outside of the subject the instinctual overflow inherent to the primary trauma. The third, named «identifying function», enables the delusional person to assume an identificatory principle which, in a self-created way, compensates for the enigma of his senseless history.Finally, the analysis of our clinical data underlines that these three functions of the delusional activity are not randomly accomplished but are organized according to a particular logic. Thus from its triple operation, we suggest that the schizophrenic delusion tends to develop into a «delusional process», by which the subject can make thinkable and bearable the traumatic position to which he was identified during his history
10
Kuepper, Rebecca, Cécile Henquet, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Non-replication of interaction between cannabis use and trauma in predicting psychosis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-129494.
Full textAbstract:
Cannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic disorder interacting with genetic and environmental risk factors in increasing psychosis risk (Henquet et al., 2008). Recently, two cross-sectional and one prospective study provided evidence that cannabis use interacts additively with trauma to increase psychosis risk (Houston et al., 2008, Harley et al., 2010 and Konings et al., 2011). In an attempt at further replication, we examined prospective data from the German Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study (Wittchen et al., 1998b and Lieb et al., 2000).
11
Larkin, Warren. "Trauma and psychosis : attributional style and symptomatology in emergency paramedics." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trauma-and-psychosis--attributional-style-and-symptomatology-in-emergency-paramedics(602a4a7e-bb9d-44bb-b21a-aee695afb8c7).html.
Full text
12
O'Donnell, Edward. "How psychiatrists talk about the relationship between trauma and psychosis." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3975/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years there has been increasing interest in the debate regarding the role of trauma and abuse in the development of distressing experiences labelled as 'psychosis'. However, despite literature reporting a high prevalence of physical and sexual abuse in those diagnosed with psychosis, the aetiology of psychosis has been predominantly constructed as best understood through biomedical or disease models. Research suggests such models are most strongly endorsed by psychiatrists in relation to the categories of psychoses, in particular schizophrenia. These models tend to position life events as triggers of an underlying biogenetic vulnerability, and therefore have implications for psychiatric practices, the identity of those labelled as ‘psychotic’, and the meaning that is attributed to a person's experience of distress. This study adopted a critical realist social constructionist epistemology to explore psychiatrists' discursive constructions of the relationship between trauma and psychosis using qualitative methodology. Seven psychiatrists with experience working in NHS services were interviewed. Interviewees appeared to draw on psychiatric classification systems to define both 'psychosis' and 'trauma', therefore privileging individual and internal pathology, and limiting acknowledgement of contextual influences on a person's distress. A biomedical aetiological repertoire was consistently drawn upon which constructed psychosis as a brain disorder with psychosocial factors positioned as consequences, or symptoms, of an illness. This reliance upon medical pathological frameworks to define 'psychotic' experiences led to an incompatibility with a view of a person's distress as meaningful and understandable in the context of their lives. Psychiatry's professional alignment with medicine favoured impersonal, neutral and objective accounts of treatment decisions, with the construction of decontextualised individuals warranting interventions targeting the modification of internal biological pathology. Furthermore, constructions that positioned a person as a passive victim of internal pathology, diverted professional attention from how and why people were subjected to abuse and/or neglect. Implications of the study are considered in relations to research and theory, professionals practice and training, and service users.
13
Kuepper, Rebecca, Cécile Henquet, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Non-replication of interaction between cannabis use and trauma in predicting psychosis." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27330.
Full textAbstract:
Cannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic disorder interacting with genetic and environmental risk factors in increasing psychosis risk (Henquet et al., 2008). Recently, two cross-sectional and one prospective study provided evidence that cannabis use interacts additively with trauma to increase psychosis risk (Houston et al., 2008, Harley et al., 2010 and Konings et al., 2011). In an attempt at further replication, we examined prospective data from the German Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study (Wittchen et al., 1998b and Lieb et al., 2000).
14
Gibson, Lauren Elizabeth. "Traumatic life event exposure and attenuated psychosis: Symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/459222.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Although genetic factors appear to contribute substantially to the onset of psychotic disorders, environmental factors also influence the development and course of psychosis. One environmental risk factor that has been robustly associated with multiple psychosis outcomes is exposure to traumatic life events (TLEs). Specifically, TLEs have been associated with increased risk of psychotic disorders, with the prodrome of psychosis, and with dimensional measures of psychotic symptoms, such as attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Nevertheless, TLEs have been linked to various mental disorders; therefore, the specificity of TLEs to psychosis remains unclear. Similarly, the mechanisms underlying the TLE-psychosis relation have not been fully delineated. The current project addressed these gaps by exploring three areas within the field of TLEs and psychosis. The first is by reviewing the literature on two understudied areas of the trauma and psychosis literature: 1) the specificity between trauma and psychosis in relation to other disorders that often result post-trauma, and 2) proposed mechanisms that uniquely link trauma to psychosis. Second, this project tested whether attentional biases, present in samples with trauma histories and experiencing attenuated forms of psychosis, were similar within both populations. Third, this project examined multiple putative mechanisms influencing the association between TLEs and attenuated psychosis that have been proposed, but not fully tested, in psychosis research, including dissociation, negative self-schemas, negative other-schemas, external locus of control, and stress sensitivity. Analysis of variance suggested that individuals with TLE histories demonstrate attentional biases for physical abuse words and overall TLE-related words, but that experiencing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms does not increase attentional biases in conjunction with a TLE history. Additionally, a bootstrapping method for examining multiple mediation indicated that increases in dissociation, negative self- and other-schemas, external locus of control, and perceived stress mediate the relationship between TLEs and attenuated psychosis. Collectively, this project underscores the importance of targeting multiple cognitive-based mechanisms that may emerge post-trauma in order to reduce psychotic-like experiences or disorders.
Temple University--Theses
15
Sykes, Charlotte Louise Grania. "Is there a relationship between trauma, PTSD and negative symptoms of psychosis?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/is-there-a-relationship-between-trauma-ptsd-and-negative-symptoms-of-psychosis(ec3f0ef5-28c5-40e7-a915-fb4468faa527).html.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: Previous systematic reviews have addressed and synthesised the relationship between trauma, PTSD and the positive symptoms of psychosis. The relationship between trauma, PTSD and the negative symptoms of psychosis however has yet to be systematically reviewed. Gaining a greater psychological understanding of negative symptoms is a priority as they impair functioning and tend to be treatment resistant. This review therefore aims to review the evidence on the relationship between trauma, PTSD and negative symptoms, and to evaluate this evidence in relation to key quality factors: the assessment of trauma, PTSD, negative symptoms and depression, as well as the design and statistical analysis employed to assess the relationship. Method: Searches of electronic databases Pubmed and PsycINFO were conducted and 41 studies were identified after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Findings: Included studies appeared to yield equivocal findings with limited variability in study quality, as most studies were low or medium in quality and demonstrated multiple key methodological issues. The synthesis suggests higher quality studies that formally assess both trauma and PTSD, whilst employing a symptom specific assessment of negative symptoms, indicate more complex differential relationships are likely to exist between PTSD clusters and individual negative symptoms. Conclusions: Recommendations are made to improve the methodological quality of future studies in order to reduce the level of equivocal findings reported and to encourage consistency in research aims and methods. It is a priority to employ higher quality studies to identify whether trauma and PTSD are associated with negative symptoms, and to establish the mechanisms accounting for this association as they may provide a promising new direction for developing innovative psychosocial interventions for people affected by these difficulties.
16
Peppiatt, A. J. "Self-agency and psychosis : trauma, sense of agency and locus of control." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1408028/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is presented in three parts, all of which focus broadly on the experience of agency in relation to psychosis or psychotic-like experiences. Part one, a systematic review of the literature, examines whether ‘sense of agency’, a subjective awareness of intentional actions, is altered in psychosis and evaluates the evidence for different models proposed to explain such alterations. The evidence suggests SoA is altered in psychosis in a number of ways and is associated with delusions of control and other psychotic phenomena. The research with non-clinical populations, however, is less clear. Several methodological limitations were identified. Future research and clinical implications are considered. Part two is an empirical paper that investigates whether different levels of self-agency - namely, action awareness (sense of agency) and a higher order level of agency (locus of control) - are related. It also explores the potential mechanisms by which self-agency alterations contribute to the development of psychotic-like experiences. External LoC was found to mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences. The two levels of agency (SoA and LoC) were not associated. Part three, a critical appraisal of the research, discusses conceptual and methodological issues that arose and the implications for future research in the area of agency experiences. In addition, it includes the author’s personal reflections on the research process more generally and consideration of the scientist-practitioner model.
17
Cragin, Casey A. "Early Psychosis and Trauma-Related Disorders: Clinical Practice Guidelines and Future Directions." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1490872798406533.
Full text
18
Hewitt, Lisa. "Psychological appraisals in early psychosis : implications for self-esteem, trauma and engagement." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424171.
Full text
19
Boyda, David. "Trauma and psychosis : the complex interaction between demographic, behavioural, and social correlates." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667756.
Full textAbstract:
The modern conceptualization of schizophrenia is flawed. An accumulating body of research has challenged psychiatry's perspective on psychosis. It is no longer accepted that schizophrenia and spectrum disorders are a categorical phenomenon whereby the presence of psychotic symptoms are indicative of psychopathology that lead to poor outcomes (Ahmed, Buckley, & Mabe, 2012). Evidence from a litany of studies indicates that psychosis is better conceptualized dimensionally than categorically. Evidence shows that psychotic symptoms manifest along a continuum of severity long before the development of a diagnosable illness (Dominguez, Wichers, Lieb, Wittchen, & van Os, 2011a). Therefore, the psychosis continuum is maybe better thought of a 'risk pathway' where individuals may transiently move between infrequent but non distressing psychotic-like symptoms (PLEs) to persistent distressing psychotic-like symptoms (PLSs) and finally to functional impairment due to the persistent of distressing symptoms. Moving between these states may be contingent on biological, psychological, and social factors and the influence of the social environment including individual resilience to stress (Tamminga, 2010) . This thesis tests the psychosis continuum by modelling the latent structure of psychosis in a non-clinical sample using confirmatory factor analysis. The findings from chapter 2 suggest that the latent structure of psychosis is best represented by a five factor strucuture. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 examine how various demographic, behavioural, and social correlates can influence the expression of these experiences. The findings suggest that risk factors which are typically associated with clinical samples have the same capacity to influence psychopathology, and sub-clinical psychotic symptoms, thus lending weight to the proposition that a 'risk pathway' may well indeed exist. Chapters 5 and 6 then examine the relationship between different forms of adversity, psychotic-like experiences, and proposed intermediary mechanisms (i.e. perception of threat, salience, top-down, and bottom-up processing); factors which may help influence the expression of such symptoms. In closing, this thesis advances traditional perspectives on trauma and psychosis and demonstrates that from a social and behavioural perspective, subclinical psychosis can also manifest from lesser forms of adversity and not just severe trauma such as physical and sexual abuse.
20
Frame, Lucy. "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following hospitalisation for acute psychosis : sources of trauma." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263185.
Full text
21
Armour, Cherie. "Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychosis : Addressing contemporary nosological, phenomenological, and etiological issues." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528353.
Full text
22
Harrison, Claire L. "Negative symptons trauma and autobiographical memory : An investigation of individuals recovering from psychosis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251631.
Full text
23
Scane, Christopher Michael. "Trauma, dissociation and psychosis : investigating the role of cognitive inhibition during threat processing." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14400.
Full textAbstract:
This Portfolio Thesis comprises three parts. Parts one and two are conceptually linked by their focus on the effect of anxiety on cognitive processes in psychosis. Part one is a systematic literature review. Biological views of psychoses such schizophrenia still dominate, but more recently research into the psychological aspects of psychosis has burgeoned. Literature in the field suggests that anxiety interacts with cognitive processes and increases the likelihood of cognitive biases associated with psychosis. The systematic literature review investigates how anxiety affects the cognitive processes associated with the onset and maintenance of psychosis. Part two is an empirical paper. Understanding the interactions between social, emotional and cognitive processes in psychosis holds promise in terms of improving psychosocial interventions. Current research suggests a link between childhood trauma, dissociation and psychosis. Studies of dissociative populations suggest cognitive inhibition, which is implicated in hallucinations, may be adversely affected by threat in psychotic populations. The empirical paper investigates the effect of anxiety on cognitive inhibition in participants with various levels of hallucination-proneness, and the associations between childhood trauma, dissociation and hallucination-proneness. It was hoped that the findings would contribute to the understanding of psychotic experiences and assist in the formulation and treatment of psychosis. Part three comprises the appendices.
24
Pilton, Marie. "Does insecure attachment mediate the relationship between trauma and voice-hearing in psychosis?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-insecure-attachment-mediate-the-relationship-between-trauma-and-voicehearing-in-psychosis(5142d0d5-8b7e-43ac-b4a4-cc9a857a9771).html.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis has been prepared in paper based format and comprises three papers. The overall theme of the thesis is the investigation of potential underlying psychological factors within the experience of voice-hearing. The thesis particular focuses upon attachment and dissociation within the voice-hearing experience. Firstly, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis regarding the relationship between dissociation and voices is presented. Paper 1 provides a comprehensive review of 32 studies investigating the association between dissociative experiences and voice-hearing. The review includes a quality assessment tool and meta-analysis with a view to evaluate and synthesise the research that has been carried out and published to date. The results are considered in relation to methodological limitations, clinical implications and recommendations for future research. Secondly, research was carried out to explore insecure attachment as a potential mediating variable within the trauma and voice-hearing relationship. Paper 2 presents an investigation involving 55 voice-hearing participants with a diagnosis of psychosis. The participants completed a range of self-report measures. Mediation analysis indicated that insecure-anxious attachment might be indicated as a potential mediating factor within the trauma and voice-hearing relationship. The results are considered in relation to limitations of the study and possible clinical implications and recommendations for future research. Thirdly, a critical evaluation and reflection of the two papers mentioned above was carried out. Strengths and weaknesses regarding the chosen methodology, directions for theory, clinical practice and future research were considered. Finally, the overall research process was reflected upon.
25
Harper, Sean Findlay. "Sealing over as a recovery style : a response to the trauma of psychosis?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29142.
Full text
26
Owens, Mark. "Trauma, sub-clinical dissociation, and psychosis : a study of self-reported trauma and its psychological consequences in a student population." Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569043.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: This thesis relates to the study of trauma, psychosis, and dissociative experiences in a non-clinical student population (N=202). Profound human experiences in the form of psychosis and dissociation have been difficult for orthodox psychiatry to conceptualise and classify. The neo-Kraepelinian models of orthodox psychiatry view psychoses as strict dichotomous entities with a biological aetiology, whereas dissociation is reduced to the role of a pseudo-psychosis as it does not have a biological aetiology. Historically, psychosis and dissociation were considered as orthogonal constructs. More recently research has shown that not only are psychosis and dissociation not orthogonal, but that both constructs are related and are features of a range of psychopathology with traumatic antecedents. This study is underpinned with the idea that all profound human experience lies along a continuumfrom the subclinical up to the clinical level and where traumata is viewed as a main aetiological component. Empirical quantitative scientific methods in the form of regression analysis, confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA), and latent class analysis (LCA) have been utilised and applied to the observed data. Three latent factors of the Dissociative Experiences scale (DES) were identified in chapter three. In chapter four the three latent factors of the DES eo-varied with demographic and psychological variables thereby validating the tools overall construct validity. Three latent classes of trauma were identified in chapter five with a low trauma class, an intermediate trauma class, and a complex trauma class. In chapter six CF A was used to identify the optimum models specifications for the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Subscales-2I (DASS-2I), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifications Test (A UDIT) and the Lunay-Slade Hallucination Scale revised (LSHS-R) as applied to the observed data. Chapter seven outlines a pathway model of psychosis proneness mediated by dissociative experiences with traumatic antecedents that was developed in a three step regression whilst controlling for the effects of alcohol use and negative affect. This thesis will outline that trauma, dissociation, and psychosis proneness are not orthogonal in this non-clinical sample. Psychosis proneness lies along a continuum with dissociative experiences and are propelled by traumatic antecedents. The .findings add to the growing body of literature supporting the idea that trauma is an aetiological component of adverse psychological experiences. Furthermore, a reconceptualization of profound human experiences is advocated. Moreover, when these profound psychological phenomena are deconstructed and viewed as existing along a continuum, psychiatric diagnoses as strict dichotomous entities are rendered meaningless.
27
Ford, Sarah. "Trauma and PTSD : their relationship with attachment and recovery styles in people with psychosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trauma-and-ptsd-their-relationship-with-attachment-and-recovery-styles-in-people-with-psychosis(1bdfe2bc-f772-430f-a363-af50e5f58e4f).html.
Full textAbstract:
Research suggests that trauma plays a part in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and psychosis, but it is unclear what role psychotic symptoms or hospitalisation have. Some research has been carried out on mediators and predictors of PTSD and integrating the evidence has key implications for individual and service outcomes. The two papers presented in this thesis aim to contribute to research in this area, followed by a critical review of the research, its relevance and future implications.Paper One is a systematic review of the literature investigating the prevalence of psychosis-related and hospital-related PTSD and considered what factors moderate or mediates these symptoms. Studies showed high levels of psychosis-related and hospital-related PTSD and seventeen factors that may influence the development of psychosis-related or hospital-related PTSD were explored. However incidence rates in different populations are lacking and there is a need to better explore mediating and moderating factors.Paper Two aimed to investigate the traumatic nature of psychosis and hospitalisation and their relationships with attachment and recovery styles in people with psychosis in a secure setting. The final section, the Critical Review, aimed to place the research in a wider context, considering the findings from the research, limitations of the study, highlighting important issues for services, and implications for interventions and future studies.
28
Clark, Lucy Victoria. "Exploration of the role of attachment in the relationship between trauma and distress in psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8006.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Attachment literature indicates attachment status is related to trauma with associations between early trauma and insecure attachment. Links between psychosis and trauma have been established within the literature; however the precise nature of this relationship is still not fully understood. A systematic review was carried out to assess the state of the evidence pertaining to psychosis and attachment. Associations between insecure attachment and psychotic symptoms were identified. Other psychological correlates such as perceived parental care, attachment to services and interpersonal problems were found to relate to insecure attachment status. However due to the early stage of this area of research, small clinical sample sizes and heterogeneity of correlates investigated, firm conclusions cannot currently be drawn. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between trauma, attachment, reflective functioning (RF) and distress for people with psychosis with a view to further understanding these links and the clinical implications. Method: Participants with a diagnosis of psychosis were recruited and measures were completed with the principle investigator pertaining to trauma, attachment and distress in psychosis. Results: The majority of the sample reported insecure attachment and low RF and there were high levels of general, and more specifically, interpersonal trauma within the sample. Results indicated that early interpersonal trauma was associated with higher levels of emotional distress. Exploratory mediation analyses implicated anxious attachment in mediating the relationship between interpersonal trauma and distress. Discussion: The results indicate the need to consider early trauma histories and specifically interpersonal trauma and attachment in the context of emotional distress for people experiencing psychosis. Incorporating trauma and attachment based therapeutic approaches for people with psychosis is as relevant as it is for other trauma populations, where these approaches may be more routinely drawn on for formulation and treatment. Limitations of the methodological approach are considered along with suggestions for future research.
29
Vracotas, Nadia. "Outcome in first-episode psychosis: the role of self-esteem, parenting style, and childhood trauma." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66913.
Full textAbstract:
Self-esteem is an important construct in psychiatric disorders. We hypothesize that in patients with first onset of a psychotic disorder, self-esteem will be associated with outcome and it will, in turn, be influenced by early life experiences. Methods: The Self-Esteem Rating Scale, The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS) and The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to individuals with first-episode psychosis. Symptoms and the GAF were assessed at entry to the program and at six months. Results: Self-esteem was positively correlated with the GAF, but not with remission status at six months. Self-esteem was negatively correlated with the PBI Overprotection, MOPS Overcontrol and Abuse subscales, in relation to mothers and also negatively with Emotional Neglect, Emotional Abuse and Sexual Abuse subscales of the CTQ. Conclusion: Self-esteem influences outcome in early psychosis and is in turn, influenced by early life experiences. This may have implications for designing special interventions to improve outcome.L'estime de soi est un élément important dans le développement de troubles psychiatriques. Nous posons l'hypothèse que chez les patients présentant des signes avant-coureurs de trouble psychotique, l'estime de soi sera associée avec le pronostic et elle sera en retour influencée par les expériences en début de vie.Méthode: L'échelle de mesure de l'estime de soi (The Self-Esteem Rating Scale), la mesure sur l'attachement parental (PBI), l'instrument de mesure sur le style d'attachement (MOPS) et le questionnaire des traumatismes de l'enfance (CTQ) ont été administrés aux individus confrontés à un premier épisode psychotique. Les symptômes et le niveau de fonctionnement global (GAF) ont été évalués à l'entrée du programme et six mois plus tard.Résultats: L'estime de soi était corrélée positivement avec le GAF, mais elle n'était pas corrélée avec le statut de rémission à six mois. L'estime de soi était négativement corrélée avec la surprotection du PBI, les échelles de surcontrôle et d'abus du MOPS, en relation avec les mères. L'estime de soi était aussi négativement corrélée avec les échelles de négligence émotionnelle, d'abus émotionnel et sexuel du CTQ.Conclusion: L'estime de soi influence le pronostic de psychoses précoces et, en retour, elle est influencée par les premières expériences de vie. Ceci pourrait avoir des implications afin de développer des interventions spécialisées améliorant le pronostic.
30
Murphy, Jamie. "Trauma and the continuum of psychosis : an analysis of two large-scale population-based samples." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444453.
Full text
31
Marsh-Picksley, S. "Phenomenology of intrusive trauma memory in psychosis and its relationship with hallucinations and persecutory beliefs." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532123/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is presented in three parts, and is focused on developing the theoretical understanding of the role of trauma memory in psychosis. The systematic literature review investigates the relationship between psychosis symptom severity and re-experiencing of traumatic memories. 13 studies published since 1980 were identified as meeting the review criteria. Overall, findings suggest that people with more severe hallucinations and paranoia experiences report more re-experiencing of traumatic memories. However, this relationship was not seen when looking at more global symptoms of psychosis. The role of trauma memory in the development and maintenance of psychosis therefore warrants further investigation. The empirical paper (a joint project with Carr (2016), “Developing a brief trauma screening tool for use in psychosis”) explores the phenomenology of intrusive trauma memory in psychosis and investigates its relationship to hallucinations and persecutory beliefs. In line with theoretical accounts (Steel et al, 2005), it was hypothesised that increased memory fragmentation would be associated with more severe hallucinations. Twenty participants described an intrusive trauma memory and its phenomenological characteristics. Findings indicated that subjective fragmentation of intrusive memories was associated with more severe hallucinations but not persecutory beliefs, although the relationship between the two ratings of objective memory fragmentation and hallucinations were equivocal, with a negative correlation for one rating and no relationship for the other. Participants with psychosis also reported more frequent and vivid intrusions, with an increased sense of reliving, compared to non-clinical sample. The study suggests a potential role for memory fragmentation in hallucinatory experience, although the complexities of assessing memory characteristics are highlighted. The critical appraisal focuses on the experience of the research process, which includes reflections on methodological issues in memory assessment, challenges to recruitment in psychosis services and the role of the research process in the author’s professional development.
32
Sporle, Timothy John. "Trauma and construction of self and others following psychotic experiences." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1079.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to examine how trauma may affect the development of psychosis. Previous research in the field of Personal Construct Theory has found that people who have a diagnosis of schizophrenia have a poorly elaborated self-concept. This study investigated whether there may be a relationship between trauma and self-elaboration in people who have experienced psychosis. It was hypothesised that more severe trauma in childhood would lead to lower self-elaboration, greater conflict in the self concept and lower elaboration of self when experiencing a traumatic life event in childhood. It was also hypothesised that people would see themselves as less like other people if they had experienced more severe trauma. A sample of 21 people who had experienced psychosis completed repertory grids. The grids included elements of self at different times in one’s life, self in different life events and other people. When childhood sexual abuse was the main grouping variable, the high trauma group had lower self-elaboration, saw themselves as more different to other people and had greater conflict in their self-concept. The findings of the study were discussed in relation to childhood abuse and its impact on self-construction. Limitations of the study were also discussed and related to future research on the relationships between self-concept, trauma and psychosis.
33
Austin, Jessica Ann. "Connection between psychosis, trauma and dissociation : an exploratory study involving patients in forensic mental health settings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5824.
Full textAbstract:
Background: High levels of dissociation have been found in recent studies involving psychiatric inpatients. Proponents of the ‘dissociative psychoses’ have found that trauma-focused intervention strategies can improve outcomes of patients with major mental illness. Despite this, levels of dissociation have not been measured in forensic inpatients in Scotland. This study investigates levels of dissociative symptoms (DES-II) within a sample of male patients in secure forensic psychiatry settings in Scotland. It explores levels of psychosis (PANSS) and self-reported childhood trauma (CTQ), current PTSD symptoms (IES-R), levels of depression (BDI-II) and broad attachment style (RQ). Four groups were arbitrarily defined based on presence or absence of psychosis and childhood trauma. It was hypothesised that levels of dissociation would be predicted by presence of childhood trauma. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used in which 56 mentally disordered offenders were interviewed across three different secure hospitals in Scotland: The State Hospital – a maximum security psychiatric hospital, and two medium secure facilities. Attempts are made to clarify the relationship of dissociation with different types of childhood trauma and psychosis symptom clusters. By splitting the data into groups the study seeks to discern whether the groups differ significantly on dissociation scores in relation to the childhood experiences they reported and presence of psychosis they are experiencing. Results: Childhood traumatic experiences were frequent where median CTQ total score = 47.0 (IQR: 42-70.5). Physical neglect was reported by 58.9% of the sample closely followed by emotional neglect (55.4%). 46.4% of the sample reported physical abuse of significant levels, 44.6% reported being emotionally abused and almost a third reported being sexually abused (28.6%). DES-II (dissociation) scores were significantly associated with delusions and hallucinatory behaviour from PANSS. Emotional abuse and sexual abuse were significantly associated with dissociation scores. Mann Whitney tests revealed that dissociation was significantly higher in the groups which reported childhood trauma. Kruskal-Wallis results indicated no significant differences between groups within the data and dissociation scores. Conclusion: Patients with clinically significant levels of dissociative symptoms were identified. This indicates that dissociation is a key characteristic, warranting further consideration in this sample. Levels and severity of reported childhood trauma were higher than expected. The findings add weight and support to the importance of dissociation and trauma in formulations of male, mentally disordered offenders. Clinical implications of these findings are considered and further directions are discussed.
34
Wong, Samantha. "A systematic review and empirical study investigating cognitive and social models of voice-hearing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-systematic-review-and-empirical-study-investigating-cognitive-and-social-models-of-voicehearing(8f1adcd1-4210-40ff-bcb8-9e68154ea279).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is comprised of three papers. Paper 1 presents a systematic review on the evidence for the relationship between appraisals of auditory verbal hallucinations and voice-related distress in psychosis. A literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase and Pubmed. Twenty-four studies were identified that satisfied inclusion criteria for the review. Several types of appraisals were found to be associated with distress in voice-hearers: malevolence, control, power, origin of voices and benevolence beliefs. Evidence for an association was particularly strong for malevolence and control appraisals, indicating that these may be important to target in interventions. Overall findings generally supported that modification of voice appraisals, particularly malevolence, power and control appraisals, in cognitive therapy is associated with a reduction in voice-related distress. Paper 2 presents an experimental study which explored whether people who are exposed to stressful material are more likely to report hearing voices when they are not present (i.e. false alarms). Factors that may predict or moderate voice-hearing were also explored. A non-clinical sample (N = 130) completed measures of trauma history, hallucination proneness, dissociation, affect and attachment styles, before being allocated to view pictures depicting stressful interpersonal scenarios or pictures with neutral interpersonal scenarios. Participants then completed a voice detection task. False alarms were recorded as a proxy measure of voice-hearing. Participants in the stressful group reported significantly higher levels of stress than in the neutral group. No differences were found in false alarms. Physical abuse history and depersonalisation significantly correlated with false alarms. This study indicates that people with physical abuse history and dissociative tendencies may be more vulnerable to hearing voices; clinically, these factors should therefore be assessed. However, findings of this study should be interpreted tentatively due to lack of diversity within the sample. Paper 3 is a critical reflection of the systematic review, the empirical paper and the research process as a whole. Strengths and limitations of the presented research are discussed as well as directions for future research.
35
Murray, Michaela Julie. "Psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis : exploring the role of emotion regulation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-mechanisms-underlying-the-relationship-between-childhood-trauma-and-psychosis(fd78c3da-2733-4599-832d-c4e776652305).html.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: There is now a very large research literature showing that childhood trauma has enduring consequences that can span across many areas of a child’s development. Since early emotion-regulatory processes emerge within the context of a caregiver-child relationship, disruptions in the development of emotion regulation skills are thought to be a common consequence of childhood abuse. A comprehensive investigation of this relationship would be a useful addition to the literature, given the increasing recognition of shared processes across a range of disorders and recommendations to adopt a mechanism-focused approach. This review sought to identify, summarise and critically evaluate studies that investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and emotion regulation in adults with a diagnosed mental health disorder. Method: Searches of electronic databases Embase, PsycINFO and Medline were conducted. After screening, papers relevant to the review question were examined in more detail and quality assessment ratings were completed. Results: Overall, 549 studies were identified through searches. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 10 studies met criteria and were included in the review. These included 1,431 participants with a variety of clinically significant mental health problems. Quality varied across studies and some frequent methodological limitations were identified. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence for a specific link between childhood abuse, particularly childhood emotional abuse, and emotion regulation difficulties. Findings also provide some evidence that emotion regulation difficulties may, in part, explain the relationship between childhood abuse and mental health difficulties later in life. However, due to the methodological issues raised and the small number of studies reviewed, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions and further investigation is needed. Recommendations are made to improve the methodological quality of future studies and to encourage consistency in research aims and methods.
36
Gallagher, Colin J. "Relating Childhood Trauma to the Phenomenology of Schizophrenia: Pathways of Impairment for Social Cognition, Paranoia, and Social Functioning." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531766165829747.
Full text
37
Walters, Sasha. "Doctorate in Clinical Psychology : main research portfolio." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675709.
Full text
38
Newton, Marcia Anne. "Sexual trauma, psychosis, and betrayal in Antonia White's autobiographical fiction : a critical examination of the Freudian perspective." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9169/.
Full textAbstract:
In Catholic writer Antonia White’s series of autobiographical novels, Frost in May, The Lost Traveller, The Sugar House, and Beyond the Glass, readers are presented with a Freudian Oedipal drama that sends the main protagonist spiraling into psychosis and then back into her father’s arms upon recovery. This trajectory draws a parallel with White’s history. Literary critics and biographers on White have suggested that she was a victim of father-daughter incest. My aim in this thesis, however, is not to prove that White was a victim of sexual abuse. I seek to illustrate the limitations and possibilities of validating sexual trauma in autobiographical fiction using White’s diaries as scaffolding for this examination. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter One is an analysis of a problematic Oedipal drama in White’s autobiographical fiction that leads to a proposed theoretical conundrum in psychoanalytical concepts of sexual trauma and psychosis. Chapter Two is a study of the form and theory of the autobiographical novel and the author-protagonist relationship. Also, at the intersection of psychoanalytic and literary theoretical paradigms, I explore the extent to which White’s metaphorical descriptions of psychosis generate a coherent depiction of self and lived traumatic experience within the confines of an Oedipal narrative. In so doing, I propose a space be carved for White’s experiences to be taken seriously as authentic expressions of trauma. Chapter Three explores larger socio-cultural patriarchal attitudes of women’s sexuality in which I draw parallels between Freud’s construction of the incest barrier and religious notions of female sexuality. In Chapter Four I juxtapose literary and clinical writings of contemporary trends on sexual trauma, memory, and betrayal to illustrate the shifts in focus and yet subtle presence of Freud’s Oedipus complex theory in Western society today.
39
Guloksuz, S., Nierop M. van, R. Lieb, Winkel R. van, H. U. Wittchen, and Os J. van. "Evidence that the presence of psychosis in nonpsychotic disorder is environment-dependent and mediated by severity of non-psychotic psychopathology." Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39035.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Evidence suggests that in affective, non-psychotic disorders: (i) environmental exposures increase risk of subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) and strengthen connectivity between domains of affective and subthreshold psychotic psychopathology; and (ii) PEs are a marker of illness severity.
Method. In 3021 adolescents from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort, we tested whether the association between PEs and presence of DSM-IV mood disorder (MD)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) would be moderated by risk factors for psychosis (cannabis use, childhood trauma and urbanicity), using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) method. Furthermore, we analysed whether the interaction between environment and PEs was mediated by non-psychotic psychopathology.
Results. The association between PEs and MD/OCD was moderated by urbanicity (ICR = 2.46, p = 0.005), cannabis use (ICR = 3.76, p = 0.010) and, suggestively, trauma (ICR = 1.91, p = 0.063). Exposure to more than one environmental risk factor increased the likelihood of co-expression of PEs in a dose–response fashion. Moderating effects of environmental exposures were largely mediated by the severity of general non-psychotic psychopathology (percentage explained 56–68%, all p < 0.001). Within individuals with MD/OCD, the association between PEs and help-seeking behaviour, as an index of severity, was moderated by trauma (ICR = 1.87, p = 0.009) and urbanicity (ICR = 1.48, p = 0.005), but not by cannabis use.
Conclusions. In non-psychotic disorder, environmental factors increase the likelihood of psychosis admixture and helpseeking behaviour through an increase in general psychopathology. The findings are compatible with a relational model of psychopathology in which more severe clinical states are the result of environment-induced disturbances spreading through a psychopathology network.
40
Hackmann, Corinna J. "Trauma-related psychological processes and their associations with persistent hallucinations and persecutory delusions in early and chronic psychosis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446163.
Full text
41
Doris, Emma Elizabeth. "What are the psychological factors that may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and later positive symptoms of psychosis?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/what-are-the-psychological-factors-that-may-mediate-the-relationship-between-childhood-trauma-and-later-positive-symptoms-of-psychosis(67dedad3-f546-410e-b4c1-ad3028ae1c04).html.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: Childhood trauma (CT) is increasingly recognised as a potential risk factor for the development of positive symptoms of psychosis. As a result, studies are beginning to investigate potential psychological factors that may mediate this relationship. This review sought to identify, summarise and critically evaluate studies that investigated psychological factors as mediating processes between CT and positive symptoms in people with psychosis. Method: The following computerised databases were searched up to March 2015; ISI Web of Science, PsychInfo and Pubmed. These were supplemented with manual searches. After screening, papers relevant to the review question were examined in more detail and quality assessment ratings were completed. Results: A total of 44 papers were identified comprising 10,161 participants. Two papers examined anomalous experiences, 2 attachment, 2 theory of mind (ToM), 9 neurocognitive functioning, 7 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 22 dissociation. Quality varied across studies and some frequent methodological limitations were identified. Conclusion: There is some evidence to support a mediating role of dissociative experiences and attachment anxiety in the relationship between CT and positive symptoms. It is not possible to draw conclusions concerning the other factors under review. Future research should aim to address methodological limitations of existing studies and should consider multiple factors within a single sample.
42
Aherne, Keith. "The role of childhood trauma and shame in social anxiety and paranoia within an early intervention in psychosis population." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5404/.
Full textAbstract:
Explores the relationship of childhood trauma and shame in social anxiety and paranoia within a first episode in psychosis population, utilising quantitative methodology. It was found that both paranoia and social anxiety were strongly linked with shame, but external shame in particular. The relationship between childhood adversity and social anxiety and paranoia was highly correlated, and this association was significantly moderated by shame. No specific type of shame emerged as an amplifier of this relationship. This indicated that shame is a key variable for those who experience social anxiety and paranoia following a first episode of psychosis. However, models that propose these social fears can be differentiated via distinct shame pathways have not been fully supported. It was concluded that the high amount of social anxiety and paranoia in this group may be reflective of shaming developmental adversity and shame associated with having a psychotic illness. Also a literature review looks at the role of shame in psychosis. Findings suggest that shame is highly linked to emotional dysfuntion, and impacts negatively on recovery from a psychotic episode. Methodological issues around measurement are raised as a limitation within the literature.
43
Flemal, Simon. "D'une étude métapsychologique de la fonction délirante dans les processus psychiques de la schizophrénie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209824.
Full textAbstract:
En nous référant aux théorisations de l’épistémologie psychanalytique, nous concevons la schizophrénie comme résultant d’une expérience traumatique primaire n’ayant pu être intégrée au sein de la subjectivité. Ce traumatisme, nous le rattachons moins à un évènement en tant que tel qu’à la position impensable qu’il désigne pour le sujet. Ainsi, en nous inspirant de la pensée de P. Aulagnier et de R. Roussillon, nous suggérons que le noyau traumatique conditionnant le développement d’une problématique schizophrénique se rapporte à la position d’objet pulsionnel, ou de non-désir, à laquelle se trouve identifié le sujet au sein des premiers échanges avec son environnement. Face à l’impensable de cette position identificatoire, le sujet se voit contraint de s’extraire de la scène relationnelle avec ses objets primaires, se clivant par la même opération du capital représentatif qui lui est associé. Dans ces conditions, nous pensons que le délire, moins d’apparaître comme une production pathologique dépourvue de sens, correspond à un mode de réponse face au retour hallucinatoire de l’impensé traumatique. Aussi, à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’analyse d’une douzaine de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence trois principales fonctions du délire dans la schizophrénie. La première, conceptualisée sous le terme de « fonction contenante », procède à la mise en forme et à la transformation signifiante de ce qui ne put être symbolisé de l’expérience traumatique. La seconde, nommée « fonction localisante », tente de situer en dehors du sujet le débordement pulsionnel inhérent au traumatisme primaire. La troisième, appelée « fonction identifiante », permet à la personne délirante de s’attribuer un énoncé identificatoire qui, de manière auto-créée, supplée à l’énigme de son histoire insensée.
Enfin, l’analyse de nos données cliniques souligne que ces trois fonctions de l’activité délirante ne se réalisent pas de façon aléatoire mais qu’elles s’articulent selon une logique particulière. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu’à partir de sa triple opération le délire schizophrénique tend à se déployer en un « processus délirant », par lequel le sujet peut rendre pensable et supportable la position traumatique à laquelle il a été identifié au cours de son histoire.
By following theories from the psychoanalytical epistemology, we consider schizophrenia as the result of a primary trauma that has not been assimilated within the subjectivity. We connect less this traumatism with an event than with the unthinkable position the subject is identified to. Therefore, being inspired by the thought of P. Aulagnier and R. Roussillon, we suggest that the traumatic nucleus which conditions the development of schizophrenia is related to the position of instinctual object, or of non-desire, to which the subject is identified within the first exchanges with his environment.
In view of this unthinkable position, the subject is forced to remove himself from the relationship with his primary objects, splitting off from the representative capital that is associated with it. In these conditions, we think that the delusion appears less as a meaningless pathological production than as a way of answering to the hallucinatory return of the traumatic unthought. From a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of a dozen clinical cases, we highlight three main functions of the delusion in schizophrenia. The first, conceptualized under the term «containing function», carries out the shaping and the significant transformation of what could have not been symbolized of the traumatic experience. The second, called «localizing function», tries to locate outside of the subject the instinctual overflow inherent to the primary trauma. The third, named «identifying function», enables the delusional person to assume an identificatory principle which, in a self-created way, compensates for the enigma of his senseless history.
Finally, the analysis of our clinical data underlines that these three functions of the delusional activity are not randomly accomplished but are organized according to a particular logic. Thus from its triple operation, we suggest that the schizophrenic delusion tends to develop into a «delusional process», by which the subject can make thinkable and bearable the traumatic position to which he was identified during his history.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
44
Lidstone, Emma. "Exploration of the relationship between interpersonal trauma in childhood and wellbeing in the context of auditory hallucinations : testing for moderating effects of appraisals and coping." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7709.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The first aim of this thesis was to systematically review the evidence for the impact of interpersonal trauma in childhood on appraisals of auditory hallucinations in adulthood. Informed by this systematic review and cognitive models of psychosis, potential moderators of the relationship between trauma and distress were proposed. Hypotheses: It was hypothesised that the experience of interpersonal trauma in childhood would predict ‘self blaming’ and ‘danger to self’ appraisals made by voice hearers about their auditory hallucinations. It was predicted that these appraisals would interact with the use of avoidant and non avoidant coping strategies and that this would predict wellbeing. Method 1 and results: In order to measure voice appraisals, the Interpretation of Voices Inventory was adapted. It was completed by one hundred and thirteen voice hearing participants and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the predicted factors. Most items covaried with their respective factors acceptably. A number of items did not load well and it was recommended that they be removed from the measure. The amended factor structure improved the fit of the measure to an acceptable standard. Method 2 and results: Sixty two participants completed additional measures of interpersonal trauma in childhood and wellbeing. Structural equation modeling provided support for a link between severity of childhood trauma and ‘danger to self’ appraisals. ‘Danger to self’ appraisals predicted the use of acceptance based coping and this predicted wellbeing. Independent of this model, interpersonal coping was shown to predict the use of psychological explanations for the experience of auditory hallucinations. Psychological explanations did not predict acceptance or wellbeing. Discussion: It may be clinically helpful to test acceptance based interventions using ‘danger to self’ appraisals as an outcome measure in the future. Possible factors that may have influenced the results were reflected on. The potentially negative impact of insight on wellbeing was discussed. Stigma was highlighted as a potential barrier to non avoidant coping
45
Gregg, Robert. "Functional outcomes of hypoxic brain injury : a systematic review : the influence of childhood trauma and coping on the psychosis phenotype in the general population." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695346.
Full textAbstract:
Our understanding of psychotic symptoms can be improved by research exploring schizotypal traits in the general population. Investigating the trauma associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACE), and how these may influence coping resources (locus of control and self-esteem) and maladaptive coping is of interest as previous research indicates these variables may contribute to exacerbation of psychotic-like symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations. This study used questionnaires posted as a survey on Amazon's Mechanical Turk website to gather information on the foregoing variables from 254 participants. Mediation analyses indicated that an external locus of control mediated the association between ACE and maladaptive coping; that maladaptive coping mediated the relationship between an external locus of control and schizotypal traits; and that maladaptive coping fully mediated the relationship between ACE and schizotypal traits. ACE was not associated with low self-esteem, though maladaptive coping mediated the relationship between low self-esteem and schizotypal traits. The results improve our understanding of the nature of the psychosis spectrum. Implications for future research are discussed.
46
Zahedi, Haleh. "Du Moi au Dessin : l'expression plastique de la folie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC017/document.
Full textAbstract:
La création artistique est souvent associée injustement à la folie, à ce trou noir où la souffrance règne. Ce travail de recherche se construit à partir de l’expression « la folie, l’absence d’œuvre » de Michel Foucault et se penche sur la notion de folie en tant qu’entrave à la création. Loin de tout éloge immérité qu’on a attribué à cette notion vaste et équivoque tout au long de l’histoire, d’Erasme au surréalisme, cette thèse entreprend de réfléchir sur la fonctionnalité du travail créatif en cas de démence. Un regard historique sur la représentation de la folie dans l’art occidental éclaircira la prise de position de l’artiste à l’égard de l’aliénation mentale ou collective. Ainsi, à travers une étude approfondie de différents parcours artistiques ébranlés par des troubles mentaux, cette thèse s’engage à esquisser le trajet de l’artiste depuis le trouble psychotique jusqu’à sa tentative de guérison par la création. Considérant des liens entre l’état psychique et le dessin au sein de mon propre travail plastique, je m’interroge également sur la responsabilité sociale d’une œuvre troublante dans le monde contemporainArtistic creation is often associated unjustly with madness, this black whole where suffering reigns. This research is based on the expression of “The madness, the absence of artwork" by Michel Foucault and studies the notion of madness as an obstacle to creation. Far from any undeserved compliments which have been attributed to this vastand equivocal notion throughout the history, from Erasmus to Surrealism, this thesis is undertaken to reflect on the features and functions of creative artwork in case of insanity. A historical look at the representation of madness in Western art will shed light on the artist's position regarding his mental or collective alienation. Thus, through an in-depth study of different artistic paths influenced by mental disorders, this thesis sketches the artist’s path from the psychotic disorder to his attempt at recovery through creation. Considering the links between psychic state and drawing in my own artwork, I raise question of the social responsibility of a troubling work in the contemporary world
47
Odenwald, Michael. "The use of the stimulant khat, war-related trauma and psychosis in Somalia how changed use patterns of a traditional drug are related to psychiatric problems in a country in the transition from war to peace /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-23510.
Full text
48
Cunningham, Twylla. "Investigating trauma and psychotic experience." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695322.
Full textAbstract:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to ascertain whether or not childhood bullying predicts the later development of psychotic symptoms. A meta-analysis and review of ten prospective studies suggests that this is the case. What is lacking from the literature, is adequate investigation into other potential mediating factors that contribute to some of the variance. The current review serves to highlight the significant role of bullying within this complex interaction. Potential influencing mediators are explored, including a dose-response effect for the severity and frequency of victimization. Suggestions for targeting intervention are also suggested alongside clinical implications and recommendations for future research. The first empirical paper compared rates of self-reported trauma with that which was recorded in patients' case notes. High levels of lifetime, childhood and Troubles-related trauma were reported within a psychosis sample. As expected, large discrepancies were noted. In line with similar studies, the results suggest that mental health practitioners continue to be reluctant to enquire about trauma histories with this population and as a result, case notes extensively underestimate the prevalence rates of trauma. The second empirical paper asked people with psychosis about their perspective with regards to participating in trauma-related research. The results suggest that enquiring about trauma within a psychosis population does not cause considerable distress and that a significant majority participants also report, in line with previous research, favourable views on the importance of such even if they do find it somewhat difficult.
49
Rebollar, Guillaume. "Une étude des atmosphères et des changements de l’atmosphère aux abords de la psychose et du traumatisme : construction de la notion d’Atmosphère par une approche clinique et psychopathologique d’inspiration psychanalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2135/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous investiguons ce que l’on peut entendre, dans le champ de la psychologie clinique d’inspiration psychanalytique, par le terme d’atmosphère, et de ceux d’ambiance ou de climat qui lui sont proches. Cette recherche a été rendue nécessaire afin de parvenir à mieux penser ce que recouvre le phénomène d’atmosphère en séance, notamment lorsque l’on prend en soin des sujets réputés psychotiques ou en situation traumatique. En effet, pour ces patients, c’est souvent à travers une sensation de changement catastrophique d’atmosphère que s’inscrivent en eux les effets des épisodes psychotiques et traumatiques. Au-delà de l’apparence d’un effet pathogène des atmosphères au cours de la rencontre clinique avec ces sujets, nous avons pu observer et analyser que l’atmosphère de la séance pouvait constituer pour les patients une forme représentative de leur vécu de changement subjectif catastrophique. L’atmosphère apparaît alors comme un médium permettant que se reflètent et se répètent les éprouvés traumatiques qui restent en souffrance d’intégration et de symbolisation. Mais la représentation de l’atmosphère n’est pas qu’une formation statique et elle sera également investiguée dans ses fonctions dynamiques, transférentielles et interactionnelles. Par les mouvements des atmosphères, se révèlera une dynamique d’échanges et de contacts relationnels propres aux dimensions originaire et archaïque du psychisme. L’atmosphère implique dans son essence l’effet de présence d’un autre sujet qui ravive d’anciennes traces laissées par les conditions particulières de rencontre avec notre environnement précoce. Dans un cadre thérapeutique, l’atmosphère apparaîtra comme une force d’implication esthésique et affective des différents sujets en présence, qui nous amènera ainsi à ne pas seulement la percevoir comme un cadre-écran statique, mais comme un agent de transformation des expériences traumatiques. En favorisant l’accordage des sujets dans une même tonalité affective et esthesique, elle permettra également que les premières formes du sentiment d’être-avec-l’autre, proches des éprouvés d’être-informe, et que nous qualifions d’identité sensorielle atmosphérique, puissent être modelées et transformées plus harmonieusementIn this thesis, we investigate how the terms “Atmosphere”, but also “Ambience” and “Climate”, which are related, can be understood in the field of psychoanalysis-inspired clinical psychology. This research was crucial in understanding how the effects of atmosphere apply during a session, especially while treating patients suffering from psychotic disorders, or in a traumatic state. Indeed, for these patients, the effects of psychotic or traumatic episodes often manifest through a feeling of catastrophic change in the atmosphere.Beyond studying the pathogenic effect of atmospheres during the clinical encounter with these subjects, we observed and analyzed that the session atmosphere could represent, for patients, a form of their subjective catastrophic change experience. Thus, atmosphere appears to be a medium allowing the reflection and repetition of traumatic feelings that have yet to be integrated and symbolized.But atmosphere representation is not only a static formation, and we will also study its dynamic, transferential and interactional functions.The variation of atmospheres will show a dynamic of dialogue and exchange, specific to the primal and archaic dimensions of psyche. In its essence, atmosphere involves the effect of another subject’s presence, that rekindles old feelings left by the particular conditions in which we met our early environment. In a therapeutic framework, atmosphere will appear to motivate the different subjects’ involvement on an esthesis and affective level. Thus, we will see that atmosphere is not only a static frame-screen, but that it also serves as a transformative agent of traumatic experiences. By helping subjects align on the same esthesis and affective tonalities, atmosphere will allow the first forms of the be-with-the-other feeling, close to the being-formless feelings, and that we call atmospheric sensory identity, to be more harmoniously shaped and transformed
50
Turner, Michelle Hayley. "Post-psychotic trauma : contributory factors and interventions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3097/.
Full textAbstract:
Volume I: Research Component The literature review examines the high prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with a severe mental illness such as psychosis and discusses why such high rates may be found. There is anecdotal and empirical evidence that attests to the distressing nature of psychotic symptoms and treatment related experiences, including hospitalisation. The review looked at the contribution of such experiences in causing symptoms of PTSD. Interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of PTSD in people with a severe mental illness were then evaluated. It was concluded that the studies showed promising results in reducing PTSD symptoms, but the evidence base was still relatively small. Future research is needed to establish what interventions are effective and how established treatments for PTSD in other non-psychotic populations can be adapted to meet the needs of this vulnerable group. The empirical paper presents a quantitative study that aimed to look at the relationship between post-psychotic trauma, shame and depression in a clinical sample of people with first episode psychosis. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed in relation to a traumatic event that had occurred during a previous psychotic episode. The study distinguished between different types of shame to look at their relationship with PTSD symptoms and depression, an area that had not been investigated before in this clinical sample. Participants were asked about their experiences of internal and external shame in relation to having a mental illness and general shame. Consistent with previous research a significant proportion of people had clinically significant levels of psychosis related PTSD symptoms and depression; with shame found to correlate with both. However internal shame was found to make a unique contribution to depression, whilst external and general shame made a unique contribution to PTSD symptoms. This has implications for future research by showing it is not enough to simply measure overall or global shame. It also highlights the need to develop interventions that address shame, depression and symptoms of trauma in people with first episode psychosis. The paper is prepared for the submission to the journal Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Volume II: Clinical Component The second volume of the thesis presents five clinical practice reports. Firstly, a case formulation from a cognitive behavioural and a systemic perspective are presented for an eleven year-old boy with anxiety related difficulties referred to a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Secondly, an audit was carried out to assess how well a CAMHS service met the guidelines set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) when intervening with young people and adolescents diagnosed with an eating disorder. Thirdly, a case study is presented from predominantly a narrative perspective for a young woman with a learning disability who had relationship and anxiety related difficulties. In the forth report a single case experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention for paranoid delusions with a man diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, who was under the care of an Early Intervention Service. Lastly an abstract is presented for a case study where cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) was used with a woman who presented with depression within a primary care setting.