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Journal articles on the topic "Psychosocial predictors of medical use"
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Verma, Rahul, Yasna Mehdian, Neel Sheth, Kathy Netten, Jean Vinette, Ashley Edwards, Joanna Polyviou, Julia Orkin, and Reshma Amin. "101 Screening for Psychosocial Risk in Families of Children with Medical Complexity (CMC)." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e42-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.100.
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Abstract Background Children with medical complexity (CMC) are defined by their medical fragility, dependence on assistive technology and substantial care needs. Family caregivers of CMC have unique challenges, such as prolonged hospitalizations and poor care coordination, which result in extensive caregiver stress. There is a great need to quantify the level of psychosocial stress and resilience in these caregivers to allow for appropriate allocation of health care resources. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief parent-reported screening tool for measuring psychosocial risk in caregivers of pediatric populations. This is the first study to use the PAT in children with medical complexity. Objectives To quantify psychosocial risk in family caregivers of children diagnosed with medical complexity. To identify predictors of caregiver distress based on their sociodemographic factors. It was hypothesized that the extensive health demands of CMC will result in high amounts of chronic, ongoing caregiver distress relative to the previously studied pediatric populations. Design/Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Family caregivers of children with medical complexity completed the PAT questionnaires during regularly scheduled Long-Term Ventilation and Complex Care clinic visits. Based on the overall PAT scores, caregivers were stratified as “Universal” low risk (<1.0), “Targeted” intermediate risk (1.0 to 1.9), or “Clinical” high risk (≥2.0). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of sociodemographic variables and illness severity on total PAT scores. Comparisons with previous pediatric studies were made using T-test statistics. Results 136 [103 females (76%)] family caregivers completed the study. Mean PAT score was 1.17 (SD = 0.740). 61 (44.85%) caregivers were classified as Universal risk, 60 (44.12%) as Targeted risk, and 15 (11.03%) as Clinical risk. Compared to previously studied pediatric populations, our CMC have the second-highest overall PAT scores, which are also substantially weighted towards the higher risk categories (Table 1). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that subjective report of financial hardship by caregivers is a significant predictor of total PAT scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion Family caregivers of children with medical complexity report PAT scores amongst the highest of all pediatric populations. These caregivers experience significant psychosocial distress, demonstrated by larger proportions of caregivers in the Targeted and Clinical risk categories. Therefore, psychosocial interventions including financial assistance are urgently needed in this population.
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Boska, Gabriella de Andrade, Rogério da Silva Ferreira, Heloisa Garcia Claro, Priscilla Oliveira Luz, and Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira. "Homelessness, crack use, and length of stay as predictors of planned discharge from night care in a Psychosocial Care Center." REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 11, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v11i2.1113.
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Objective: identify predictors of planned discharge to night care embracement in a Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD III). Methods: Quantitative, retrospective, and documentary study of 560 medical records of people with problems resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs who were admitted to the hospital at night in a CAPS AD III in São Paulo, over five years. As a dependent variable, the type of discharge was used (planned or not). As independent variables, the profile of the subjects related to substance use and time in hospital. Results: 1,097 admissions were identified with 50.4% of unplanned discharge associated with homelessness (p = 0.007), problematic use crack (p = 0.015), length of reception proposed by the team (p = 0.029) and length of stay of the user (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Being homeless, problematic use of crack, and lack of user participation on the decisions regarding length of stay in CAPS AD III were associated with unplanned discharge.
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Cunningham, Schuyler C., Jeasmine Aizvera, Paul Wakim, and Lisa Felber. "Use of a self-reported psychosocial distress screening tool as a predictor of need for psychosocial intervention in a general medical setting." Social Work in Health Care 57, no. 5 (February 20, 2018): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1437499.
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van Lier, Lisanne I., Henriëtte G. van der Roest, Babette SH Oosten, Vjenka Garms-Homolová, Graziano Onder, Harriet Finne-Soveri, Pálmi V Jónsson, et al. "Predictors of Societal Costs of Older Care-Dependent Adults Living in the Community in 11 European Countries." Health Services Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863291882094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632918820947.
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Background: The objective was to identify predictors of societal costs covering formal and informal care utilization by older home care clients in 11 European countries. Methods: Societal costs of 1907 older clients receiving home care for 12 months from the Aged in Home care (AdHoc) study were estimated using the InterRAI Minimum Data Set for Home Care’s (MDS-HC) resource use items. Predictors (medical, functional, and psychosocial domains) of societal costs were identified by performing univariate and multivariate generalized linear model analyses. Results: Mean societal costs per participant were €36 442, ranging from €14 865 in Denmark to €78 836 in the United Kingdom. In the final multivariate model, country, being married, activities of daily living (ADL) dependency, cognitive impairment, limitations of going out, oral conditions, number of medications, arthritis, and cerebro vascular accident (CVA) were significantly associated with societal costs. Conclusions: Of the predictors, ADL dependency and limitations of going out may be modifiable. Developing interventions targeted at improving these conditions may create opportunities to curtail societal costs.
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Enlow, Paul T., Keri J. Brown Kirschman, Janelle Mentrikoski, Margo M. Szabo, Catherine Butz, Ariel M. Aballay, and Christina L. Duncan. "The Role of Youth Coping Strategies and Caregiver Psychopathology in Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Pediatric Burn Survivors." Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz067.
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Abstract Caregiver psychosocial functioning is repeatedly linked with postburn adjustment in pediatric burn survivors. However, few studies have examined youth characteristics as predictors, such as coping strategies. Furthermore, research has not explored how caregiver psychopathology and youth coping strategies interact to predict youth postburn adjustment. The aim of this study was to examine how youth coping strategies and caregiver anxiety and depression predict youth posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Forty-six youth between 7 and 17 years old (M = 12.5, SD = 2.65) and their caregivers were recruited from two U.S. burn centers. Youth and parents completed questionnaires that assessed demographics, caregiver anxiety, and depression, youth self-reports of coping strategies, and youth PTSS. Burn injury data (e.g. TBSA, time since injury) was obtained from medical record reviews. Hierarchical regressions were conducted with caregiver psychopathology (depression, anxiety), youth coping strategies (active, avoidant, distraction, social support), and the interaction between caregiver psychopathology and youth coping strategies as predictors and youth PTSS as the outcome variable. Higher levels of caregiver anxiety (βs = .36 to .42) and avoidance coping (βs = .38 to .43) were associated with more PTSS. Caregiver anxiety and depression moderated the association between youth use of distraction coping and youth PTSS. These findings reinforce the importance of assessing psychosocial functioning in pediatric burn survivors and their caregivers, and providing interventions to promote better psychosocial outcomes. Coping strategies may help reduce PTSS and buffer against the harmful influence of caregiver psychopathology. Future research may wish to pilot interventions that promote healthy coping.
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Talal, Andrew H., Phyllis Andrews, Anthony Mcleod, Yang Chen, Clewert Sylvester, Marianthi Markatou, and Lawrence S. Brown. "Integrated, Co-located, Telemedicine-based Treatment Approaches for Hepatitis C Virus Management in Opioid Use Disorder Patients on Methadone." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 2 (October 17, 2018): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy899.
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Abstract Background Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, opioid use disorder (OUD) patients on methadone rarely engage in HCV treatment. We investigated the effectiveness of HCV management via telemedicine in an opioid substitution therapy (OST) program. Methods OUD patients on methadone underwent biweekly telemedicine sessions between a hepatologist and physician assistant during the entire HCV treatment course. All pretreatment labs (HCV RNA, genotype, and noninvasive fibrosis assessments) were obtained onsite and direct-acting antivirals were coadministered with methadone using modified directly observed therapy. We used multiple correspondence analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression to identify variables associated with pursuit of HCV care. Results Sixty-two HCV RNA–positive patients (24% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infected, 61% male, 61% African American, 25.8% Hispanic) were evaluated. All patients were stabilized on methadone and all except 4 were HCV genotype 1 infected. Advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis was present in 34.5% of patients. Of the 45 treated patients, 42 (93.3%) achieved viral eradication. Of 17 evaluated patients who were not treated, 5 were discontinued from the drug treatment program or did not follow up after the evaluation, 2 had HIV adherence issues, and 10 had insurance authorization issues. Marriage and a mental health diagnosis other than depression were the strongest positive predictors of treatment pursuit, whereas being divorced, separated, or widowed was the strongest negative predictor. Conclusions HCV management via telemedicine integrated into an OST program is a feasible model with excellent virologic effectiveness. Psychosocial and demographic variables can assist in identification of subgroups with a propensity or aversion to pursue HCV treatment.
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Bovina, I. B. "Problem of suicide risk diagnostics and possibility to use implicit association test." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060117.
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If we make a search for the term suicide in the database PsycARTICLES, we will find 1732 articles published from 1898 till 2013. The dynamics of the scientific interest towards the problem is following: 127 articles were published from 1981 till 1991, 596 articles were published from 1992 till 2002; finally, 830 articles were published from 2003 till 2013. The rise of the research interest is obvious. The more detailed analysis of the articles showed that there are different models explaining suicide (for example: medical, philosophical, psychological and sociological). The different interacting predictors of suicide were revealed in the numerous studies: sociocultural, psychosocial, and biological ones. The preventive measures are already worked out and the new ones are in the process of validation. Having such a rich and complex scientific knowledge and practical tools to handle the problem the statistics say that the number of suicides continues to grow. The brief literature review is focused on the problem of the diagnostics of suicide risk. The potential of the implicit associations test for the diagnostics of suicide risk is discussed in this paper.
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Gil-Lacruz, Marta, and Ana Isabel Gil-Lacruz. "Health Attributions and Health Care Behavior Interactions in a Community Sample." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 6 (July 1, 2010): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.6.845.
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In this article we examine the influence of a number of psychosocial variables on health attributions and the use of the health care system. The study sample consisted of 1,032 participants, who were representative of a stratified suburban community in Spain. Home-based interviews were conducted to identify participants' main health improvement resources. Most answers were related to health attitudes concerning behavior, the health services available to participants, or other external agents. Qualitative and quantitative strategies were employed and results showed that age and health perception were the most reliable predictors of these attitudes. Social variables were found to play an important role in the explanation of participants' beliefs and medical consultation behaviors.
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Madalinska, Joanna B., Marc van Beurden, Eveline M. A. Bleiker, Heiddis B. Valdimarsdottir, Lottie Lubsen-Brandsma, Leon F. Massuger, Marian J. E. Mourits, et al. "Predictors of Prophylactic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy Compared With Gynecologic Screening Use in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 3 (January 20, 2007): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.07.4922.
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Purpose Women with BRCA1/2 gene mutations who have completed their childbearing are strong candidates for risk-reducing prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (PBSO). The aim of the current study was to identify baseline predictors of PBSO versus gynecologic screening (GS) in this group of high-risk women. Patients and Methods Baseline questionnaires were available from 160 BRCA1/2 carriers who participated in a nationwide, longitudinal, observational study of the psychosocial consequences of prophylactic surgery versus periodic screening. Topics addressed by the questionnaire included generic quality of life, cancer-specific distress, risk perception, knowledge of ovarian cancer, and perceived pros and cons of surgery versus screening. PBSO use during the 12-month period after the first gynecologic consultation was determined on the basis of medical record data. Results During the 12-month follow-up period, 74% of women had undergone PBSO, and 26% opted for screening. Statistically significant multivariate predictors of PBSO included education, general health perceptions, perceived incurability of ovarian cancer, and perceived benefits of surgery. Conclusion Women with lower educational levels, with poorer general health perceptions, who view ovarian cancer as an incurable disease, and who believe more strongly in the benefits of surgery are more likely to undergo PBSO. Clinicians should ensure that high-risk women are well informed about the low predictive value of GS techniques and about the lethal threat posed by ovarian cancer because of its limited curability.
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Xiao, Qianyi, Xin Liu, Ruru Wang, Yimeng Mao, Hao Chen, Xiaomei Li, Xiaoxi Liu, et al. "Predictors of Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine after Emergency Use Authorization: The Role of Coping Appraisal." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090967.
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The current study aims to identify psychosocial factors based on protection motivation theory (PMT) influencing Chinese adults’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after the emergency use authorization of the New Coronavirus Inactivated Vaccine in China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese residents aged 18–59 years, and 2528 respondents from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were included in the current study. Based on PMT, threat appraisals and coping appraisals were measured. Hierarchical multiple regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the relationships between the PMT constructs and vaccination willingness after other covariates were controlled for. A total of 1411 (55.8%) respondents reported being willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The PMT model explained 26.6% (p < 0.001) of the variance in the vaccine willingness. The coping appraisals, including response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs, were significantly correlated with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and response efficacy was the strongest influencing factor (adjusted OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.42–3.54). In conclusion, the coping appraisals for vaccination, instead of threat appraisals regarding the pandemic itself, mainly influenced people’s willingness to get vaccinated after the emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccine in China. These findings are helpful for developing education and interventions to promote vaccination willingness and enhance public health outcomes during a pandemic.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychosocial predictors of medical use"
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Payne, Scott H. "Predictors of Change in Health Care Use After Marital and Family Therapy." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1614.pdf.
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Bélanger, Eliane. "Abortion pain : psychosocial and medical predictors." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74035.
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Wei, Christina C. "Psychosocial Predictors of Motivation To Change Among Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1243965563.
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Thomson, Ross John. "The psychosocial impact of home use medical devices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39768/.
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Recent increases in life expectancy, combined with the rise of chronic diseases, have led to a rise in the use of medical devices to monitor and treat illnesses in people’s homes. To date, however, little attention has been paid to understanding the impact that these devices have on the home environment, the users of these devices and their partners. This thesis presents three studies investigating the physical, personal and social issues faced by people using home medical devices. The first study consisted of qualitative interviews with 12 device users and seven partners and investigated their experiences of home use medical devices. Analysed thematically, this study described how medical devices can foster or threaten people’s experience of the physical, personal and social aspects of the home environment when medical devices are integrated into their homes. In study two, a questionnaire was developed to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals and patients about the relative importance of different medical device characteristics. Different groups of healthcare professionals involved with the provision of medical devices were included (doctors, nurses, pharmacists) as well as medical device users and non-users. The results showed that practical factors (user testing, clear instructions, clinical trials, reducing appointments, training and cost effectiveness) are viewed as more important by professional groups than factors that relate to the home environment (choice and appearance). This indicates a lack of a whole person approach to patient care and the selection of home medical devices. In the third study longitudinal interviews were carried out with four couples, where one of the couple had been diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and prescribed an oxygen concentrator to use at home. The aim of this study was to discover how couples experience the process of being given a medical device to use at home over time. The interviews identified that being given an oxygen concentrator can be the source of an acute episode of uncertainty for some couples and the process of coping was mediated by the expectations that they had prior to being given the device. This research has provided a valuable insight into the poorly understood impact that medical devices have on people’s experience of the home environment.
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Gillikin, Cynthia Lee. "Psychosocial Predictors of Juvenile Justice Involvement among Adolescent Female Offenders." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/287.
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Approximately 2.2 million children and adolescents are arrested each year, and these youthful offenders often display serious psychosocial dysfunction across a wide spectrum of areas: family dysfunction, mental health distress, problems with drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and a history of traumatic experiences. Of particular interest, the rate of female adolescent arrest and incarceration has been on the rise over the past several decades, yet female juvenile offenders are understudied compared with their male peers. It is important to identify risk factors that predispose certain female adolescents to criminal behavior to inform future interventions. Given the associations of mental health problems, substance use, trauma, and family dysfunction with crime in adolescent girls, further study is warranted to more clearly understand the links between these psychosocial factors and criminality in adolescents, especially girls. The impacts of mental health disorders, family functioning, risky sexual behavior, trauma, and substance use on juvenile justice involved youths are of great public health and social importance because of the potential to intervene and to prevent criminal behavior in at-risk teens. However, the relationships between these risk factors and the severity of juvenile offending in girls have not been studied adequately. By analyzing data from interviews and follow-up criminal records for almost 500 arrested and detained adolescent girls, we first investigated the associations between concurrent substance use and psychosocial dysfunction in this population. Secondly, we examined which psychosocial domains (i.e., mental health disorders, substance use/abuse, trauma, sexual behavior, and family functioning) were most predictive of recidivism and violent recidivism during adolescence for this group of offending girls. Finally, we studied which psychosocial variables best predicted time to next arrest, thereby determining if psychosocial functioning can also predict the amount of time before a given adolescent reoffends. Our findings indicated that substance use and sexual risk behaviors are the most important psychosocial predictors of poor outcomes in adolescent female juvenile offenders.
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Horspool, Michelle J. "Clinical and psychosocial predictors of attendance and drug use in heroin users undergoing treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3649/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the Theory of Planned Behaviour's ability to identify predictors of intention and behaviour. The population of interest are heroin users; the behaviours are attendance at treatment services and heroin use during drug treatment. The thesis is divided into four broad sections. First, a literature review considers the impact of heroin use on the individual and society; the relevance of drug treatment to enable reductions of drug related harms and the predictors associated with poor treatment outcomes. It goes on to provide justification for the use of the TPB over other models of behaviour change and discusses the limitations associated with its application. The TPB is shown to be a useful predictor of behaviour and intentions in general, although there is no research considering the prediction of attendance for drug treatment and future heroin use. Secondly, a qualitative study explores whether the TPB is an appropriate framework for predicting behaviour in this population by undertaking interviews designed to investigate whether drug users can think about stopping drug use in relation to TPB constructs. A review of previous qualitative research and findings from this study suggest that the TPB would be an appropriate framework for use in this domain.
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Carswell, Kendra. "Psychosocial predictors of smoking and alcohol use in Canadian pediatric cancer survivors: Structural equation modeling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27452.
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Survivors of pediatric cancer should avoid smoking and heavy alcohol use due to health risks associated with intensive cancer treatments they received. Data were analyzed from a multi-centre, population-based study of pediatric cancer survivors in Canada (n=1231) and a frequency matched control group (n=1372). Logistic regression analyses showed that survivors were significantly less likely to be smokers and alcohol drinkers than the controls. Still, a substantial proportion of survivors were smokers (23%), binge drinkers (25%), alcohol drinkers (69%) and concurrent users (20%). Low education, poor life satisfaction, and high stress were the most consistent predictors of substance use. Results from the structural equation modeling analysis to describe pathways to concurrent smoking and alcohol use showed significant pathways from education and chronic stress to concurrent use in the cancer survivors. This study identifies potential risk factors for smoking and alcohol use in cancer survivors and suggests a need for preventive education.
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Miller-Roenigk, Brittany D. "Predictors of Recidivism in Rural Incarcerated Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504794695385065.
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Moutafis, Roxanne Alexis. "Symptomatology and life quality as predictors of emergent use." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277089.
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A nursing concern for patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) is to assist the patient/family in improving adaptation strategies and self-care abilities. Identification of emotional and behavioral characteristics impacting on symptoms and life quality may predict individuals at risk for greater utilization of health care resources. The purpose of this descriptive study was to apply Traver's Prediction Formula for Emergent Use to a more general COAD population to determine if the formula would accurately predict those subjects who have high versus low emergent use of institutional health care resources. Fifty subjects with a range of COAD severity were studied. Subjects completed instruments which measured symptoms and life quality: the Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist and the Sickness-Impact Profile. Findings demonstrated Traver's Formula predicted low emergent subjects with 76 percent accuracy, high emergent subjects with 53 percent accuracy and predicted the overall emergent status of subjects with 67 percent accuracy.
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Senkubuge, Flavia. "Psychosocial factors associated with tobacco use among a population of medical students in Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27010.
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Context: Tobacco use among medical students is of public health concern, given their role as future role models for healthy lifestyles. This study sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in medical students in Pretoria. In particular, this study explored the role of sense of coherence – a measure of stress-coping ability – on tobacco use patterns among medical students. Furthermore, we examined the students’ knowledge of smoking cessation approaches, their perceptions with regard to the availability and adequacy of tobacco control curricula, and their perception of their role as ”role models” for their patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study, involving undergraduate medical students in their 2nd and 6th year of study at the universities of Pretoria and Limpopo (MEDUNSA), was conducted during August and September 2008. Consenting participants completed a self-administered questionnaire (N=722). Information obtained included: demographic characteristics of respondents, alcohol use, past and current use of various tobacco products, perception of availability and adequacy of training in tobacco control (TC), support for various TC legislation and perception of the role of doctors in smoking cessation. A six-item Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale (SOC) was also included to measure respondents’ ability to cope with stress. Nicotine dependence was measured using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Data analysis included chi-square statistics, t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of cigarette smoking in medical students was 17.3%. Cigarette smoking was significantly higher among the 6th (21.5%) than among the 2nd year (14.1%) students and was also significantly higher among males (20.4%) than among females (14.4%). In a bivariate analysis, problem drinkers were more likely to be smokers (37.5%) as compared to non-problem drinkers (13%). Compared to non-smokes, smokers were more likely to have a lower SOC [Mean(sd); 26.8 (8.8) vs 28.8 (7.4); p=0.019] and were less likely to attach importance to being seen as a role model by patients. Only 21.9% felt their training curriculum contained TC issues and of these a little over half felt the TC content was inadequate. After controlling for potential confounders, the factors that were independently associated with the current smoking status were, having lower support for TC legislation (OR=0.49; 95% CI= (0.41-0.59) and attaching less importance to being seen as a role model by patients (0.62; 0.41-0.91). Other factors associated with cigarette use included: being a 6th year student (OR=2.17; 95% CI; 1.32-3.58), having a drinking problem (2.17; 1.28-3.68), reporting exposure to others smoking at home (3.29; 1.91-5.66) and having received previous formal training in cessation (0.55; 0.32-0.95). Younger age (0.86; 0.77- 0.97), lower SOC (0.94; 0.90-0.99), and lower level of support for TC legislation (0.56; 0.40-0.79) were independently associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest that tobacco use is prevalent among medical students and tobacco use is strongly associated with alcohol abuse. In addition to offering tobacco cessation services to these students, these findings highlight the need to institute a curriculum on tobacco control that includes not only teaching cessation counselling skills to medical students, but that also encourages them to become advocates for TC legislation and to recognise themselves as important role models in the society. CopyrightDissertation (MMed)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
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Books on the topic "Psychosocial predictors of medical use"
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Cutler, Janis L. Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment Planning. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0001.
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This chapter presents the elements of a psychiatric assessment. After hearing the patient’s chief complaint, the physician elicits the patient’s history of the present illness (a chronological, systematic description of the patient’s signs and symptoms) past psychiatric history, medical history, psychosocial history, family history, and review of systems. The physician also obtains the patient’s mental status examination, which is an objective description of his or her current mental state. Integration of the patient’s history and objective findings results in a comprehensive descriptive and diagnostic impression, which summarizes patterns of data, predicts prognosis, and suggests appropriate treatment options. Use of a biopsychosocial and cultural perspective produces a psychiatric assessment that considers the patient’s strengths and vulnerabilities in relation to his or her cultural group.
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Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Combining Medical and Psychosocial Interventions. American Psychological Association (APA), 2002.
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MacDougall, Jill, and P. Stanley Yoder. Contaminating Theatre: Intersections of Theatre, Therapy, and Public Health (Psychosocial Issues). Northwestern University Press, 1998.
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(Editor), Jill MacDougall, and P. Stanley Yoder (Editor), eds. Contaminating Theatre: Intersections of Theatre, Therapy, and Public Health (Psychosocial Issues). Northwestern University Press, 1998.
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Behind The Eight Ball: Sex For Crack Cocaine Exchange And Poor Black Women (Haworth Psychosocial Issues of HIV/AIDS) (Haworth Psychosocial Issues of HIV/AIDS). Haworth Press, 2005.
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Wilkens, Jeff, and Shahla J. Modir. Integrative Approach to Alcohol Use Disorder. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0004.
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Integrative medicine has the potential to augment traditional medical treatment of alcohol use disorders (as defined by the DSM-5), while also providing a basis for primary and secondary prevention of alcohol-use disorders (AUD). The chapter provides the reader with a review of the effects of alcohol on the human brain and body—including how chronic heavy alcohol use produces disproportionate changes throughout the brain that may result in the development of AUD, the influence of genetics on an individual’s sensitivity or insensitivity to alcohol, how traditional medicine balances medications that reduce craving for alcohol with psychosocial therapies, and how exercise, healthy diet, meditation, yoga, mindfulness, acupuncture, and neurofeedback may augment traditional medical treatment and contribute to primary and secondary prevention of AUD.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine B. Douaihy. Managing Substance Use Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.001.0001.
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This practitioner guide reviews screening, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). It is designed to accompany Managing Your Substance Use Disorder: Client Workbook and A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. The latter guide was added because each person with a SUD affects the family and concerned significant others. The information and strategies that the authors present can be used with clients who have any type of SUD. The guide focuses on strategies to reduce or stop substance use and change behaviors that challenge recovery. The information presented is derived from research, clinical, and recovery literature and from the authors’ extensive experience developing and managing a large continuum of clinical services, providing direct care, conducting quality improvement initiatives, participating in clinical trials, and teaching all disciplines in a large medical center and the community. This guide discusses professional approaches and attitudes toward individuals with SUDs, assessment, diagnostic formulation, psychosocial and pharmacotherapeutic treatments, and mutual support programs. It provides an overview of the recovery and relapse processes and practical strategies to address issues associated with SUDs. This guide is for practitioners from any discipline who encounter individuals with SUDs in addiction, mental health, psychiatric, private practice, or other settings such as social services and the criminal justice system. Even medical practitioners who do not specialize in addiction treatment can benefit from the information in this guide because individuals with SUDs are found in all types of healthcare settings.
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Cohen, Stacy A., Margaret M. Haglund, and Larissa J. Mooney. Treatment Options for Older Adults with Substance-Use Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392063.003.0010.
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Due to co-occurring medical disorders, psychosocial differences, functional and cognitive limitations related to aging, and the potential for multiple medication interactions, unique considerations must be made when addressing the diagnosis and treatment of SUDs among the elderly. Better information is needed on all fronts, from initial screening and assessment, to triaging to appropriate levels of care, to behavioral therapies and pharmacological treatment. Guidelines should help direct providers, families, and patients identify appropriate and individualized treatment programs. Encouragingly, outcomes appear to be as good, if not better, in the older population than in younger adults treated for SUDs. As the “baby boomer” population ages, more older adults will need treatment for illicit drug use, alcoholism, and the misuse of prescription medications. Greater education and awareness of this growing problem will increase attention paid by clinicians and policymakers allocating resources to address the treatment of SUDs in the older population.
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Hechtman, Lily, ed. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.001.0001.
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The book provides a comprehensive summary of the best known and most highly respected well-controlled long-term prospective follow-up studies in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These studies followed children with ADHD and matched controls into young adulthood (mean age 20–25 years) and middle age (mean age 41 years). They explore a wide variety of clinically relevant outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional and psychiatric functioning, substance use and abuse, sexual behavior, and legal problems. One chapter focuses particularly on the outcome of girls with ADHD. The book also explores possible predictors of adult outcome. A whole chapter is devoted to treatment (medication and psychosocial) as a predictor of outcome. In addition to treatment, predictors explored include characteristics of the child (e.g., IQ, severity of initial ADHD symptoms, initial comorbidity) and characteristics of the family (e.g., socioeconomic status, single parenthood, parental pathology, and family functioning). A summary chapter explores the impact and importance of these predictors in various outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional/social functioning, antisocial behavior, substance use and abuse, and risky sexual and driving behaviors. Professionals and the general public will come away with a clear view of what can happen to children with ADHD as they proceed through adolescence and adulthood. The book also addresses important prognostic and predictive factors in treatment approaches to ensure better long-term outcome in patients with ADHD.
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Zanarini, Mary. In the Fullness of Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195370607.001.0001.
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is still seen in many settings as a chronic disorder. This book details the ways that it is symptomatically a “good prognosis” diagnosis. This is particularly seen in the high rate of remissions of BPD and its constituent symptoms. The rate of suicide is also good news, as it is half the expected rate from four follow-back studies conducted in the 1980s. Areas with a more guarded prognosis, particularly for those who have not recovered, are poor physical health and poor vocational adjustment. In addition, rates of other deaths are increasing and have surpassed the rate of deaths by suicide. This book covers the following topics: History of the borderline diagnosis, models of the core features of BPD, earlier studies of the longitudinal course of BPD, the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD), the symptoms of BPD assessed in MSAD, the long-term course of the symptoms of BPD, symptomatic remissions and recurrences of the borderline diagnosis, prevalence and predictors of physically self-destructive acts over time, additional symptom areas over time, psychosocial functioning over time, recovery from BPD, predictors of time-to-remission and recovery, co-occurring disorders over time, mental health treatment over time, physical health and medical treatment, adult victimization over time, sexual issues over time, defense mechanisms over time, and new directions.
Book chapters on the topic "Psychosocial predictors of medical use"
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Catalano, Richard F., Elizabeth C. Speaker, Martie L. Skinner, Jennifer A. Bailey, Ge Hong, Kevin P. Haggerty, Katarina Guttmannova, and Erin N. Harrop. "Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use." In Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana, 219–35. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190263072.003.0009.
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Marijuana use has been linked to a wide variety of negative consequences, especially for those who initiate use in early adolescence and become daily or regular users as a teenager. If these negative consequences are to be avoided, prevention efforts must focus upstream on childhood and adolescent developmental periods before marijuana use is initiated or has become frequent. Upstream prevention targets factors that predict initiation and escalation of marijuana use, which are often called risk and protective factors. This chapter provides a review of current knowledge about risk and protective factors, with an emphasis on psychosocial variables specific to marijuana, differentiating predictors of marijuana use from predictors of other legal and illegal drugs when possible. The chapter also provides suggestions for future research in light of the rapidly changing legal and community conditions related to access, availability, and norms of marijuana use.
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Finney, John W., Paula L. Wilbourne, and Rudolf H. Moos. "Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders." In A Guide to Treatments that Work, 179–202. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195304145.003.0006.
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Our review of the literature indicates that among the most effective treatments for alcohol and illicit drug use disorders are cognitive-behavioral treatments, community reinforcement and contingency management approaches, 12-step facilitation and 12-step treatment, behavioral couples and family treatment, and motivational enhancement interventions. Most of these treatment modalities address not only drinking and/or drug use behavior but also patients’ life contexts, sense of self-efficacy, and coping skills; motivational interventions focus primarily on attempts to enhance individuals’ commitment to behavior change. Consistent with motivational interviewing principles, therapists who are interpersonally skilled, empathic, and less confrontational produce better patient outcomes, probably because they establish better therapeutic alliances with their patients. An effective strategy for many patients may be to provide lower intensity treatment for a longer duration—that is, treatment sessions spread at a lower rate over a longer period to match better the chronic, relapsing nature of many individuals’ substance use disorders. At this point, it seems wise to restrict brief interventions as a stand-alone treatment to patients with mild to moderate disorders. Longer term interventions and treatment in inpatient or residential settings should be reserved for patients with more severe, treatment-resistant substance use disorders, fewer social resources, more concomitant medical/psychiatric disorders, and a desire for longer term and/or residential treatment.
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Breitbart, William S. "Anxiety Disorders in Palliative Care." In Psychosocial Palliative Care, 19–28. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199917402.003.0004.
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Anxiety is common in palliative care patients and may significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Anxiety can have many etiologies resulting in different anxiety syndromes, ranging from adjustment disorder, anxiety resulting from general medical condition, to medication-induced anxiety disorders. Pre-existing anxiety disorders should also be taken into consideration in palliative care settings. Different screening and assessment tools have been used to improve recognition and assessment of anxiety in the terminally ill. Treatment of anxiety in this patient population includes use of a variety of pharmacological agents to relieve severe anxiety symptoms and use of psychotherapy interventions that have been shown to be safe and effective in the terminally ill. This chapter includes an overview of the prevalence, assessment, and management of anxiety disorders in palliative care settings.
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North, Carol S., and Sean H. Yutzy. "Alcohol Use Disorder." In Goodwin and Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis 7th Edition, 271–304. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215460.003.0011.
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Alcohol use disorder involves use of alcohol in quantities sufficient to produce intoxication over long periods and use continuing despite significant alcohol-related problems, resulting in a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms. Indicators of alcohol use problems include consumption of more alcohol than intended, inability to cut down on use, alcohol craving, excessive involvement in obtaining and using alcohol, continued use despite negative psychosocial and medical consequences, and physiological tolerance to the effects of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal. Complications of alcohol use disorders include social problems, such as legal and marital problems, and medical problems including metabolic and hepatic disease and cancers. Approximately half of people with an alcohol use disorder will experience an alcohol withdrawal syndrome, typically manifesting within several hours or days of reduction or cessation of heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption and typically lasting 4–5 days.
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Szobot, Claudia. "Treatment of Substance Use Disorders." In Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders, edited by Charles P. O’Brien, 427–58. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.003.0018.
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This chapter reviews psychosocial and pharmacological approaches to the treatment of substance abuse in adolescents. Effective early intervention is crucial because it can play a preventive role in later years. Treatment is complicated by several factors: (1) adolescents use multiple substances; (2) rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders are high; (3) substance abuse is common in family members; and (4) adolescents rarely seek treatment voluntarily but are usually coerced after experiencing school, legal, or medical problems. Treatment programs must be designed specifically for adolescents, and the intensity of treatment should be based on the severity of drug use and the associated combination of risk and protective factors. Among psychosocial approaches, family therapy has a relevant role. The use of medication is complex and depends on the drug used and the presence of comorbidities. Despite the need for advances in this area, there are evidence-based approaches to offer for substance-abusing adolescents.
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Breitbart, William S. "Depression in Palliative Care." In Psychosocial Palliative Care, 29–48. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199917402.003.0005.
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Depression is prevalent, but under-recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in palliative care settings. Risk factors associated with depression in patients with advanced cancer are well defined and include a variety of medical and psychosocial factors. It is challenging to diagnose depression in palliative care settings because of the presence of overlapping physical symptoms specific to the cancer, such as fatigue and decreased appetite. Inclusive, exclusive, etiological, substitutive, and high-threshold approaches have been proposed to improve diagnosis of depression among medically ill patients. Management of depression in the palliative care settings comprises use of psychopharmacological agents and individual and group psychotherapies. The psycho-oncology clinician should take into consideration that antidepressants alone may not be adequate in patients with shortened life expectancies. Psychostimulants might be preferred in patients with less than a month to live. Cognitive behavioral interventions, supportive expressive group therapy, meaning-centered psychotherapy, dignity therapy, and mindfulness-based meditation therapy have emerged as effective psychotherapy modalities in decreasing depressive symptoms and suffering in advanced cancer patients.
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Zanarini, Mary C. "Physical Health and Medical Treatment." In In the Fullness of Time, 161–70. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195370607.003.0015.
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Remitted borderline patients were found to have better physical health, make better health-related lifestyle choices, and use fewer costly forms of treatment, such as ER visits, than non-remitted borderline patients. This same pattern was found 10 years later for recovered vs. non-recovered borderline patients. At both time points, obesity was the most common serious health problem, and smoking and lack of exercise were the most common poor lifestyle choices. Obesity was found to be related to poor psychosocial functioning in most realms. Recovered borderline patients had better sleep quality and were not as troubled by dysfunctional attitudes about sleep as non-recovered borderline patients. Borderline patients also reported higher levels of physical pain than Axis II comparison subjects. However, a substantial minority were able to use opioid medications responsibly over time.
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Leung, Louis, and Jingwen Liang. "Mobile Phone Addiction." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior, 640–47. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch053.
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This article reviews the literature on mobile phone addiction, the excessive use of mobile phone technology, which is an impulse control disorder with negative social and psychological consequences. It provides a clear definition of mobile phone addiction, along with its theoretical origin, diagnostic criteria for assessment, and an identification of the symptoms and consequences of addictive behavior. More importantly, it summarizes key predictors of this addictive behavior from a psychosocial perspective. The article also points out potential relationships between mobile phone addiction and other social behaviors. Finally, it discusses limitations of the assessment criteria for mobile phone addiction and makes suggestions for future research.
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Ribas, Vicent J., Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez, and Alfredo Vellido. "Intelligent Management of Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit." In Medical Applications of Intelligent Data Analysis, 1–16. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1803-9.ch001.
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Sepsis is a transversal pathology and one of the main causes of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It has in fact become the tenth most common cause of death in western societies. Its mortality rates can reach up to 60% for Septic Shock, its most acute manifestation. For these reasons, the prediction of the mortality caused by Sepsis is an open and relevant medical research challenge. This problem requires prediction methods that are robust and accurate, but also readily interpretable. This is paramount if they are to be used in the demanding context of real-time decision making at the ICU. In this brief contribution, three different methods are presented. One is based on a variant of the well-known support vector machine (SVM) model and provides and automated ranking of relevance of the mortality predictors while the other two are based on logistic-regression and logistic regression over latent Factors. The reported results show that the methods presented outperform in terms of accuracy alternative techniques currently in use in clinical settings, while simultaneously assessing the relative impact of individual pathology indicators.
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Rundell, James R. "Medical conditions associated with psychiatric disorder." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1081–90. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0140.
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Seven out of 10 office visits to a primary care practitioner are related to a chronic illness. There are high levels of association of many of these chronic conditions with psychiatric disorders. Comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions increase use of medical resources and costs, as well as amplify functional impairment. For example, depression is associated with an approximately 50 per cent increase in medical costs of chronic medical illness, even after controlling for severity of physical illness. Dementia is associated with hospital costs up to 75 per cent higher than for non-demented patients. As important as a comprehensive knowledge of psychiatric diagnosis and psychosocial formulation is to a consulting psychiatrist, it is also vital to understand the pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of the medical and surgical conditions that frequently coexist with psychiatric disorders. It is also important to know the behavioural and psychiatric side effects of medications and substances. Lacking this data permits only a partial and inadequate approach to diagnosis and treatment. This section describes general medical disorders associated with psychiatric syndromes. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of the medical disorder are described first, followed by psychiatric syndromes often seen with that diagnosis.
Conference papers on the topic "Psychosocial predictors of medical use"
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Jacobs, Robin, Anjali Aggarwal, Malvika Juneja, and Roger Zoorob. "PREDICTORS OF MEDICAL AND ALLIED HEALTH STUDENTS’ READINESS TO ENGAGE IN HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USE IN FUTURE CLINICAL PRACTICE." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.0200.
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"Transition to First Year University Study: A Qualitative Descriptive Study on the Psychosocial and Emotional Impacts of a Science Workshop." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4188.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/purpose The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychosocial and emotional outcomes of an introductory health science workshop designed to support and assist incoming health science students before starting their university study. Background For the past two decades, a South Australian university offered an on-campus face to face workshop titled ‘Preparation for Health Sciences’ to incoming first-year students from eleven allied health programs such as Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medical Imaging. While many were locals, a good number came from regional and rural areas, and many were international students also. They consisted of both on-campus and off-campus students. The workshop was created as a new learning environment that was available for students of diverse age groups, educational and cultural backgrounds to prepare them to study sciences. The content of the four-day workshop was developed in consultation with the program directors of the allied health programs. The objectives were to: introduce the assumed foundational science knowledge to undertake health sciences degree; gain confidence in approaching science subjects; experience lectures and laboratory activities; and become familiar with the University campus and its facilities. The workshop was delivered a week before the orientation week, before first-year formal teaching weeks. The topics covered were enhancing study skills, medical and anatomical terminology, body systems, basic chemistry and physics, laboratory activities, and assessment of learning. Methodology In order to determine the outcomes of the workshop, a survey was used requiring participants to agree or disagree about statements concerning the preparatory course and answer open-ended questions relating to the most important information learned and the best aspects of the workshop. Several students piloted this questionnaire before use in order to ascertain the clarity of instructions, terminology and statements. The result of the 2015-2018 pre- and post-evaluation showed that the workshop raised confidence and enthusiasm in commencing university and that the majority considered the workshop useful overall. The findings of the survey are drawn upon to examine the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on participants. Using secondary qualitative analysis, the researchers identified the themes relating to the psychosocial and emotional issues conveyed by the participants. Contribution The contributions of the article are in the areas of improving students’ confidence to complete their university degrees and increasing the likelihood of academic success. Findings Of the 285 students who participated in the workshops from 2015 to 2018, 166 completed the survey conducted at the conclusion of the initiative, representing a 58% response rate. The workshops achieved the objectives outlined at the outset. While there were many findings reported (Thalluri, 2016), the results highlighted in this paper relate to the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on students. Three themes emerged, and these were Increased preparedness and confidence; Networking and friendships that enhanced support, and Reduced anxiety to study sciences. Some drawbacks were also reported including the cost, time and travel involved. Recommendations for practitioners Students found the introductory workshop to be psychosocially and emotionally beneficial. It is recommended that the same approach be applied for teaching other challenging fields such as mathematics and physics within the university and in other contexts and institutions. Recommendations for researchers Improving and extending the workshop to provide greater accessibility and autonomy is recommended. A longitudinal study to follow up the durability of the workshop is also proposed. Impact on society The impacts in the broader community include: higher academic success for students; improved mental health due to social networking and friendship groups and reduced anxiety and fear; reduced dropout rate in their first year; greater potential to complete educational degrees; reduced wastage in human and financial resources; and increased human capital. Future research Addressing the limitations of cost, time and travel involved, and following-up with the participants’ academic and workplace performance are future directions for research.
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Hoidrag, Traian. "Partnership between educational institution, family and community for the recovery of adolescents with addictive behaviors." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p235-242.
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Consumption of psychoactive substances and other addictive behaviors is a risk factor that can disrupt the good somatic, psychological, social and educational development of adolescents. The fact that many adolescents consume tobacco, alcohol, cannabis or other substances, and a significant number of them end up being diagnosed with substance use disorder and other associated disorders, requires multiple human, financial and material resources and special attention from specialists. involved in reducing the demand and supply of drugs. Addiction treatment is a complex issue, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and long-term co-optation of representatives of educational institutions, adolescents and members of local communities in which various prevention or medical, psychological or social assistance programs are carried out. Cooperation is very important for the efficient use of resources available to each party involved in the process of recovering those affected by addictive behaviors, raising awareness of the risks of continued substance use, reducing stigma, conducting interventions to meet the needs of beneficiaries, families them and the members of the community in which they live, the diversification of support services, the provision of continuous psychosocial support and the reintegration of adolescents into the family, social and educational environment.
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Ali, Lamees A. M., Salma Khaled, and Manar Abdel-Rahman. "The association between Health Information Seeking and Behavior Change Related to Physical Activity among Qatari Adolescents." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0158.
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Objectives: This study is aimed at exploring health information seeking behavior among Qatari adolescents and assessing the influence of information obtained from different sources on PA behavior change. In addition, the study aims to identify possible correlates of PA behavior change among Qatari teens. Methods: This is a study involving the secondary analysis of data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 among 1050 Qatari students aged 13-19 years. Self-reported information on demographics, psychosocial factors, PA, and sources used to obtain health information were collected. Main outcome was the attempt to change PA behavior. Logistic regression analysis accounting for survey design information was carried out to examine the association between the outcome and information sources used to attempt PA change, and to find independent predictors for this attempt. The estimated average marginal effects (AME), also known as risk differences, were derived from the results of logistic regression model, to have a sense of the absolute effect size reflecting the difference in the probability of the outcome associated with a change in the explanatory variable, adjusting for all the other covariates. Results: Teenagers in Qatar, especially girls, were not active enough. Nearly 68% of the respondents tried to change PA behavior (65% male versus 72% female), and 46% were physically active (55% males versus 38% females). About 89% of adolescents rated PA as an important topic for them personally. Based on information from interpersonal, traditional, online, and social media sources about 65%, 55%, 51%, and 54% of adolescents respectively attempted to change their PA behavior. Results from multivariable logistic regression showed that teens who used information from interpersonal and online sources to try to change their behavior had 9 times (OR=9.35, 95% CI: 4.15-21.08, P<0.001) and nearly 3 times (OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.50-4.27, P=0.001) higher odds of change in PA, respectively. The odds of attempt to change PA were 2 times higher among older adolescents (16-19 years) (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.37-3.44, P= 0.002) and among teens who considered PA as important to them (OR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.13-4.84, P=0.023(. The estimated AMEs of using information from interpersonal sources and online sources on the probability of attempting PA change were about 46-percentage point and 16-percentage point increase respectively. For older adolescents and those considering PA important, the AMEs on the attempt to change PA were 11 and 14- percentage points respectively. All were sizable and significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity level is still suboptimal among Qatari adolescents with obvious persistent gender gap. The results showed that interpersonal and online sources are important in fostering behavior change among Qatari adolescents, in addition to the influence of age and personal value of PA on initiating such changes. Policymakers can benefit from this research in designing appropriate pa interventions that adapt multiple delivery approach. It is recommended that future pa-related behavior change interventions in Qatar are age- and gender- sensitive and stress the importance and relevance of pa to teen’s health.
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Wilson, John S., Seungik Baek, and Jay D. Humphrey. "A Growth and Remodeling Approach to AAA Modeling: Feasibility and Initial Insights." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53525.
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While the advancement and widespread use of medical imaging have greatly aided in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), many questions remain regarding the natural progression of AAAs and most importantly predicting their likelihood of rupture — an event carrying a mortality rate of over 80% [1]. Current guidelines recommend surgical intervention when the aneurysm achieves a diameter of 5.5 cm [2]; however, it has been documented by at least one study of 161 consecutive patients that approximately 10% of AAA ruptures occur in aneurysms measuring 5 cm or less [3]. It is also unknown how many surgically repaired aneurysms may not have proceeded to rupture in a patient’s lifetime. For this reason, there is much interest in identifying better predictors of rupture risk than diameter alone.
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Khudadad, Hanan, and Lukman Thalib. "Antibiotics Prescription Patterns in Primary Health Care in Qatar – A Population based study from 2017 to 2018." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0169.
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Background: Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They played a pivotal role in achieving major advances in medicine and surgery (1). Yet, due to increased and inappropriate use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a growing public health problem. Information on antibiotic prescription patterns are vital in developing a constructive approach to deal with growing antibiotic resistance (2). The study aims to describe the population based antibiotic prescriptions among patients attending primary care centers in Qatar. Methodology: A population based observational study of all medications prescribed in the all Primary Health Care Centers during the period of 2017-2018 in Qatar. Records with all medication prescriptions were extracted and linked to medical diagnosis. Antibiotics prescriptions records were compared to non- antibiotics records using logistic regression model in identifying the potential predictors for antibiotic prescriptions. Results: A total of 11,069,439 medication prescriptions given over a period of two-years, we found about 12.1% (n= 726,667) antibiotics prescriptions were antibiotics, and 65% of antibiotics are prescribed and received by the patients at the first visits. Paracetamol (22.3%) was the first highest medication prescribed followed by antibiotics (12.1 %) and vitamin D2 (10.2 %). More than half of all antibiotics prescribed during the period of January 2017 to December 2018 were Penicillin (56.9%). We found that half of the antibiotics (49.3 %) have been prescribed for the respiratory system comparing to the other body system. We found that males were 29% more likely be given an antibiotic compared to females (OR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.24- 1.33). Implications: The study provides a baseline data to enable PHCC management to design effective intervention program to address the problem of antibiotics resistance. Furthermore, it will help the policymakers to comprehend the size of the issue and develop a system to manage the antibiotics therapy. Conclusion: Antibiotics was the second highest medication prescribed in the Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar after paracetamol and most of the patients received it at the first visit. Most of the prescriptions in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar were for the respiratory system, and Penicillin was the highest class prescribed. Male visitors were prescribed antibiotics more than female visitors.