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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychosocial predictors of medical use'
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1
Payne, Scott H. "Predictors of Change in Health Care Use After Marital and Family Therapy." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1614.pdf.
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Bélanger, Eliane. "Abortion pain : psychosocial and medical predictors." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74035.
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Wei, Christina C. "Psychosocial Predictors of Motivation To Change Among Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1243965563.
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Thomson, Ross John. "The psychosocial impact of home use medical devices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39768/.
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Recent increases in life expectancy, combined with the rise of chronic diseases, have led to a rise in the use of medical devices to monitor and treat illnesses in people’s homes. To date, however, little attention has been paid to understanding the impact that these devices have on the home environment, the users of these devices and their partners. This thesis presents three studies investigating the physical, personal and social issues faced by people using home medical devices. The first study consisted of qualitative interviews with 12 device users and seven partners and investigated their experiences of home use medical devices. Analysed thematically, this study described how medical devices can foster or threaten people’s experience of the physical, personal and social aspects of the home environment when medical devices are integrated into their homes. In study two, a questionnaire was developed to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals and patients about the relative importance of different medical device characteristics. Different groups of healthcare professionals involved with the provision of medical devices were included (doctors, nurses, pharmacists) as well as medical device users and non-users. The results showed that practical factors (user testing, clear instructions, clinical trials, reducing appointments, training and cost effectiveness) are viewed as more important by professional groups than factors that relate to the home environment (choice and appearance). This indicates a lack of a whole person approach to patient care and the selection of home medical devices. In the third study longitudinal interviews were carried out with four couples, where one of the couple had been diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and prescribed an oxygen concentrator to use at home. The aim of this study was to discover how couples experience the process of being given a medical device to use at home over time. The interviews identified that being given an oxygen concentrator can be the source of an acute episode of uncertainty for some couples and the process of coping was mediated by the expectations that they had prior to being given the device. This research has provided a valuable insight into the poorly understood impact that medical devices have on people’s experience of the home environment.
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Gillikin, Cynthia Lee. "Psychosocial Predictors of Juvenile Justice Involvement among Adolescent Female Offenders." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/287.
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Approximately 2.2 million children and adolescents are arrested each year, and these youthful offenders often display serious psychosocial dysfunction across a wide spectrum of areas: family dysfunction, mental health distress, problems with drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and a history of traumatic experiences. Of particular interest, the rate of female adolescent arrest and incarceration has been on the rise over the past several decades, yet female juvenile offenders are understudied compared with their male peers. It is important to identify risk factors that predispose certain female adolescents to criminal behavior to inform future interventions. Given the associations of mental health problems, substance use, trauma, and family dysfunction with crime in adolescent girls, further study is warranted to more clearly understand the links between these psychosocial factors and criminality in adolescents, especially girls. The impacts of mental health disorders, family functioning, risky sexual behavior, trauma, and substance use on juvenile justice involved youths are of great public health and social importance because of the potential to intervene and to prevent criminal behavior in at-risk teens. However, the relationships between these risk factors and the severity of juvenile offending in girls have not been studied adequately. By analyzing data from interviews and follow-up criminal records for almost 500 arrested and detained adolescent girls, we first investigated the associations between concurrent substance use and psychosocial dysfunction in this population. Secondly, we examined which psychosocial domains (i.e., mental health disorders, substance use/abuse, trauma, sexual behavior, and family functioning) were most predictive of recidivism and violent recidivism during adolescence for this group of offending girls. Finally, we studied which psychosocial variables best predicted time to next arrest, thereby determining if psychosocial functioning can also predict the amount of time before a given adolescent reoffends. Our findings indicated that substance use and sexual risk behaviors are the most important psychosocial predictors of poor outcomes in adolescent female juvenile offenders.
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Horspool, Michelle J. "Clinical and psychosocial predictors of attendance and drug use in heroin users undergoing treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3649/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the Theory of Planned Behaviour's ability to identify predictors of intention and behaviour. The population of interest are heroin users; the behaviours are attendance at treatment services and heroin use during drug treatment. The thesis is divided into four broad sections. First, a literature review considers the impact of heroin use on the individual and society; the relevance of drug treatment to enable reductions of drug related harms and the predictors associated with poor treatment outcomes. It goes on to provide justification for the use of the TPB over other models of behaviour change and discusses the limitations associated with its application. The TPB is shown to be a useful predictor of behaviour and intentions in general, although there is no research considering the prediction of attendance for drug treatment and future heroin use. Secondly, a qualitative study explores whether the TPB is an appropriate framework for predicting behaviour in this population by undertaking interviews designed to investigate whether drug users can think about stopping drug use in relation to TPB constructs. A review of previous qualitative research and findings from this study suggest that the TPB would be an appropriate framework for use in this domain.
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Carswell, Kendra. "Psychosocial predictors of smoking and alcohol use in Canadian pediatric cancer survivors: Structural equation modeling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27452.
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Survivors of pediatric cancer should avoid smoking and heavy alcohol use due to health risks associated with intensive cancer treatments they received. Data were analyzed from a multi-centre, population-based study of pediatric cancer survivors in Canada (n=1231) and a frequency matched control group (n=1372). Logistic regression analyses showed that survivors were significantly less likely to be smokers and alcohol drinkers than the controls. Still, a substantial proportion of survivors were smokers (23%), binge drinkers (25%), alcohol drinkers (69%) and concurrent users (20%). Low education, poor life satisfaction, and high stress were the most consistent predictors of substance use. Results from the structural equation modeling analysis to describe pathways to concurrent smoking and alcohol use showed significant pathways from education and chronic stress to concurrent use in the cancer survivors. This study identifies potential risk factors for smoking and alcohol use in cancer survivors and suggests a need for preventive education.
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Miller-Roenigk, Brittany D. "Predictors of Recidivism in Rural Incarcerated Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504794695385065.
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Moutafis, Roxanne Alexis. "Symptomatology and life quality as predictors of emergent use." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277089.
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A nursing concern for patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) is to assist the patient/family in improving adaptation strategies and self-care abilities. Identification of emotional and behavioral characteristics impacting on symptoms and life quality may predict individuals at risk for greater utilization of health care resources. The purpose of this descriptive study was to apply Traver's Prediction Formula for Emergent Use to a more general COAD population to determine if the formula would accurately predict those subjects who have high versus low emergent use of institutional health care resources. Fifty subjects with a range of COAD severity were studied. Subjects completed instruments which measured symptoms and life quality: the Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist and the Sickness-Impact Profile. Findings demonstrated Traver's Formula predicted low emergent subjects with 76 percent accuracy, high emergent subjects with 53 percent accuracy and predicted the overall emergent status of subjects with 67 percent accuracy.
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Senkubuge, Flavia. "Psychosocial factors associated with tobacco use among a population of medical students in Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27010.
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Context: Tobacco use among medical students is of public health concern, given their role as future role models for healthy lifestyles. This study sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in medical students in Pretoria. In particular, this study explored the role of sense of coherence – a measure of stress-coping ability – on tobacco use patterns among medical students. Furthermore, we examined the students’ knowledge of smoking cessation approaches, their perceptions with regard to the availability and adequacy of tobacco control curricula, and their perception of their role as ”role models” for their patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study, involving undergraduate medical students in their 2nd and 6th year of study at the universities of Pretoria and Limpopo (MEDUNSA), was conducted during August and September 2008. Consenting participants completed a self-administered questionnaire (N=722). Information obtained included: demographic characteristics of respondents, alcohol use, past and current use of various tobacco products, perception of availability and adequacy of training in tobacco control (TC), support for various TC legislation and perception of the role of doctors in smoking cessation. A six-item Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale (SOC) was also included to measure respondents’ ability to cope with stress. Nicotine dependence was measured using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Data analysis included chi-square statistics, t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of cigarette smoking in medical students was 17.3%. Cigarette smoking was significantly higher among the 6th (21.5%) than among the 2nd year (14.1%) students and was also significantly higher among males (20.4%) than among females (14.4%). In a bivariate analysis, problem drinkers were more likely to be smokers (37.5%) as compared to non-problem drinkers (13%). Compared to non-smokes, smokers were more likely to have a lower SOC [Mean(sd); 26.8 (8.8) vs 28.8 (7.4); p=0.019] and were less likely to attach importance to being seen as a role model by patients. Only 21.9% felt their training curriculum contained TC issues and of these a little over half felt the TC content was inadequate. After controlling for potential confounders, the factors that were independently associated with the current smoking status were, having lower support for TC legislation (OR=0.49; 95% CI= (0.41-0.59) and attaching less importance to being seen as a role model by patients (0.62; 0.41-0.91). Other factors associated with cigarette use included: being a 6th year student (OR=2.17; 95% CI; 1.32-3.58), having a drinking problem (2.17; 1.28-3.68), reporting exposure to others smoking at home (3.29; 1.91-5.66) and having received previous formal training in cessation (0.55; 0.32-0.95). Younger age (0.86; 0.77- 0.97), lower SOC (0.94; 0.90-0.99), and lower level of support for TC legislation (0.56; 0.40-0.79) were independently associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest that tobacco use is prevalent among medical students and tobacco use is strongly associated with alcohol abuse. In addition to offering tobacco cessation services to these students, these findings highlight the need to institute a curriculum on tobacco control that includes not only teaching cessation counselling skills to medical students, but that also encourages them to become advocates for TC legislation and to recognise themselves as important role models in the society. CopyrightDissertation (MMed)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
MMed
Unrestricted
11
Christenson, Jacob D. "Predictors of General Medical Use Among Individuals Seeking Therapy for Marital and Family Problems." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd298.pdf.
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Jeffers, Amy J. "NON-MEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS FOR WEIGHT LOSS: PREDICTORS, CONSEQUENCES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION IN A NATIONAL YOUNG ADULT SAMPLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4577.
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The non-medical use of prescription drugs is an important public health concern. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS), specifically medications used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is particularly concerning. One timely concern regarding NMUPS, especially among young adults, is their role in appetite suppression/weight loss. Indeed, some individuals are motivated to misuse such drugs for the purpose of losing weight. Engaging in NMUPS for weight loss has been examined only minimally in the research literature. However, extant data demonstrate that this behavior is associated with other unhealthy behaviors and poor psychosocial health. Limitations of prior research include the exclusive use of college student samples and little attention to relevant health behavior theory. The current study investigated NMUPS for weight loss in a national, young adult sample (n = 1526), ages 18-25 years, utilizing Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Motivations and attitudes about NMUPS were evaluated, within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A structural equation model (SEM) was analyzed, which included attitudes; social norms; and perceived behavioral control (PBC) to lose weight without stimulants, as predictors of engaging in past year NMUPS for weight loss. Approximately 12.0% of participants reported lifetime NMUPS for weight loss, and of these, 48.4% reported past year use. Findings demonstrate that use is related to disordered eating and unhealthy weight loss behaviors, including vomiting; high rates of other substance use; and psychological concerns, including body dissatisfaction and depressive symptomatology. These results suggest that NMUPS for weight loss is associated with a variety of negative consequences and users are not well-informed regarding medication knowledge. The SEM provided adequate overall fit to the data; two of the four social norms and both PBC factors were significantly associated with NMUPS for weight loss. This study extends the literature on the utility of the TPB in examining NMUPS, and provides the first research on utilizing the TPB to examine NMUPS for weight loss. Methods aimed at increasing PBC regarding stimulant use and weight loss, and emphasizing healthful and sustaining weight loss strategies, improving mental health, and educating about polysubstance use are potential intervention targets.
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Dorros, Sybilla M. "A Content Analysis of the Counseling Sessions of Dyads with Breast and Prostate Cancer: Linguistic Predictors of Psychosocial Adjustment and Thematic Analysis of Key Concerns." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195682.
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The purpose of this investigation was to explore how participants' language use during counseling (overall emotional expression, positive emotional expression, and communal coping, or "we-talk") was associated with superior adjustment, as measured by four psychosocial outcome variables (depression, positive affect, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction); as well as to identify the key concerns of dyads with cancer, how concerns differed by role and sex, and if they were associated with participants' well-being. The present study was a content analysis of the counseling sessions of 43 dyads (N = 86) with breast and prostate cancer. Using a multi-method approach, the audio recordings of 228 counseling sessions were transcribed and analyzed linguistically (quantitatively) and thematically (qualitatively).Results of the linguistic analyses revealed that participant's use of "we-talk" had the most consistent and beneficial effect on outcomes; specifically improved depression, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that it might not be as important how much a person expresses themselves emotionally, but rather, whether they have a close relational partner that they see as an instrumental part of their coping process and significantly intertwined in their life, which is reflected in their language use of communal coping.Results of the thematic analyses revealed that survivors' concerns were more focused on cancer and treatment related issues, whereas partners' concerns centered on the well-being of their spouse/partner with cancer, and what they were doing to help their loved one cope with his/her illness. The overarching key concern that was intertwined in participants' discourse was frequent discussion of relationship maintenance, negotiation, and communication issues. In addition, discussion of these concerns showed greatest benefits for women with breast cancer.The findings of this study has implications for counselors and clinicians in that language use and topics discussed during counseling have the potential to increase psychosocial adjustment for dyads coping with cancer. The general discourse of survivors mirrored that of their partners, which indicates that helping to modify or change how one person speaks, has the potential to influence how their partner talks as well; which has implications for the well-being of both dyad members.
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Wade, Jeannette Marie. "“DOING DIFFERENCE” AND HEALTH: AN EXAMINATION OF SEX, GENDER ORIENTATION AND RACE AS PREDICTORS OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, AND SEXUAL RISK IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1510316690878234.
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"Predictors of adolescent substance use in Hong Kong: parenting styles, psychosocial development, and comorbid psychopathology." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888484.
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by Chan, Hak-man, Christian.Includes questionaire in Chinese.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-76).
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter II. --- METHOD --- p.16
Chapter III. --- RESULTS --- p.26
Chapter IV. --- DISCUSSION --- p.50
REFERENCES --- p.64
APPENDIX --- p.77
16
Durkin, Elizabeth. "An organizational analysis of the use of medical and psychosocial services in outpatient substance abuse treatment /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9965074.
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Ballantyne, Marilyn. "Maternal-infant Predictors of Attendance at Neonatal Follow-up Programs." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24674.
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Attendance at Neonatal Follow-up (NFU) programs is crucial for parents to gain access to timely diagnostic expertise, psychosocial support, and referral to needed services for their infants. Although NFU programs are considered beneficial, up to 50% of parents do not attend these programs with their infants. Non-attending infants have poorer outcomes (e.g., higher rates of disabilities and less access to required services) as compared to attenders.
The purpose was to determine factors that predicted attendance at NFU. Naturally occurring attendance was monitored and maternal-infant factors including predisposing, enabling, and needs factors were investigated, guided by the Socio-Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.
A prospective two-phase multi-site descriptive cohort study was conducted in 3 Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units that refer to 2 NFU programs. In Phase 1, standardized questionnaires were completed by 357 mothers (66% response rate) prior to their infant’s (N= 400 infants) NICU discharge. In Phase 2, attendance patterns at NFU were followed for 12 months.
Higher maternal stress at the time of the infant’s NICU hospitalization was predictive of attendance at NFU. Parenting alone, more worry about maternal alcohol or drug use, and greater distance to NFU were predictive of non-attendance at NFU. Attendance at NFU decreased over time from 84% at the first appointment to 74% by 12 months. Two distinct attendance patterns emerged: no or minimal attendance (18.5%) and attendance at all or the majority of scheduled appointments (81.5%). The most frequent point of withdrawal from NFU occurred between NICU discharge and the first scheduled appointment; followed by drop-out following the first NFU appointment.
These results provide new insight into patterns of attendance and the maternal-infant factors that characterize attenders/non-attenders at NFU and serve as the critical first step in developing interventions targeted at improving attendance, infant outcomes, and reporting of developmental sequelae.
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Muthoka, Joseph Kennedy. "Exploring the practice of HIV self-testing among health care workers at Nyeri Provincial Hospital in Kenya." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12064.
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The purpose of the study was to describe the determinants and practice of HIV self-testing
among health care workers (HCWs) in Nyeri provincial hospital, Kenya. A
descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the rate of HIV self-testing,
explore the factors influencing the practice and describe access to HIV
psychosocial support, care and treatment. The study was guided by the concepts of the
protection motivation theory. Data was collected from 348 HCWs and analysed by
means of logistic regression. Results showed that 65.8% of the HCWs had practiced
HIV self-testing among themselves. Age, self efficacy and response efficacy were found
to be significant predictors of HIV self-testing. Willingness to access HIV psychosocial
support (71.3%) and care and treatment (73.9%) was high. Self-testing is highly practiced by HCWs.Public Health
M.A. (Public Health)
19
Kennedy, Muthoka Joseph. "Exploring the practice of HIV self-testing among health care workers at Nyeri Provincial Hospital in Kenya." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12064.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to describe the determinants and practice of HIV self-testing
among health care workers (HCWs) in Nyeri provincial hospital, Kenya. A
descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the rate of HIV self-testing,
explore the factors influencing the practice and describe access to HIV
psychosocial support, care and treatment. The study was guided by the concepts of the
protection motivation theory. Data was collected from 348 HCWs and analysed by
means of logistic regression. Results showed that 65.8% of the HCWs had practiced
HIV self-testing among themselves. Age, self efficacy and response efficacy were found
to be significant predictors of HIV self-testing. Willingness to access HIV psychosocial
support (71.3%) and care and treatment (73.9%) was high. Self-testing is highly practiced by HCWs.HIV self-testing among health care workers at Nyeri Provincial Hospital in Kenya
HIV self-testing among health care workers
Public Health
M.A. (Public Health)