Journal articles: 'Psychotropic substance'

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Baranova, M. I., and A. V. Solonin. "On the Issue of Simulation Training in the Cycle of Additional Professional Education "Turnover of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs"." Virtual Technologies in Medicine 1, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2021_3_1334.

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Simulation training is an interactive type of educational activity realized through immersion in the environment, by recreating a real clinical situation. At the same time, it is not possible to observe the maximum immersion in reality when training on the circulation of narcotic drug and psychotropic substance due to strict control measures on the part of the supervisory authorities in terms of the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The article discusses options for resolving the issue of organizing simulation training on the circulation of narcotic and psychotropic substances for nurses.

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Obirenjeyi Oluyase, Adejoke, Duncan Raistrick, Yasir Abbasi, Veronica Dale, and Charlie Lloyd. "A study of the psychotropic prescriptions of people attending an addiction service in England." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-03-2013-0005.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the prescribed psychotropic medications taken by newly referred people with a range of substance use disorders (SUD) who attend a specialist community addiction service.Design/methodology/approachAnonymised data on newly referred people (n=1,537) with SUD attending a specialist community addiction service for their first episode of treatment between August 2007 and July 2010 were obtained from the database of the service. Data were cleaned and the percentage of people taking prescribed psychotropic medications at their first episode of treatment was calculated.FindingsMore than half (56.1 percent) of people attending the service were taking prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytics at their first episode of treatment whilst 15.2 percent of people were taking prescribed antipsychotics. Alcohol and opioids were the primary referral substances for 77.4 percent and 15.2 percent of people respectively. People referred for “other” substances (cannabis, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, solvents and polydrug use) made up the remaining 7.5 percent and had the highest percentage of prescribed psychotropics (antipsychotics=47 percent, antidepressants and anxiolytics=64.3 percent) compared to those referred for alcohol and opioids (p<0.0005).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of psychotropic prescribing among people with a range of SUD in the UK. The high prevalence of psychotropic prescribing raises questions about the appropriateness of these prescriptions and calls for scrutiny of prescribing practice in this group of people.

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Ruqoyah, Umu, Lisdiana Lisdiana, and Nur Rahayu Utami. "Analysis Knowledge Level of Psychotropic-Addictive Substance And Rejection Attitude Of Drug Abuse In Junior High School Students." Journal of Biology Education 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbe.v8i2.31161.

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Lack of drug hazard knowledge becomes one of the drug abuse causes. Drug knowledge (psychotropic-addictive substances) will foster a negative attitude such as a rejection reaction towards drug abuse. Such attitudes may prevent or address drug abuse problems. That prevention needs to be done as early as possible by providing knowledge about drugs trough the school educations. This study would find the relationship between addictive and psychotropic substance knowledge with the attitude on drug abuse and how much that constriction in JHS students' attitudes. This research method is a survey method with an analytical observational design. The population in this study was all junior high school students in the Semarang North District with five classes (grade IX) as samples taken from three schools in the sub-district. The data collection measuring instruments used in this study is questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study show that more than 50% of students have high knowledge of psychotropic and addictive substances and have a negative attitude towards drug abuse. Data analysis results are obtained by a correlation coefficient value (r) of 0.971 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.942. The R value indicates a positive correlation while the R2 value is how much constricting it is. Based on the results of the study, concluded that the knowledge of psychotropic-addictive substances with the rejection attitudes of drug abuse has a positive and very strong relationship. And as much as 94.2% of the psychotropic addictive substance knowledge is constricting in the formation of students ' attitudes towards drug abuse.

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Gibson, Barry, Sam Acquah, and Peter G. Robinson. "Entangled identities and psychotropic substance use." Sociology of Health and Illness 26, no. 5 (July 2004): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00407.x.

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Suissa, Amnon Jacob. "Inspiration et création artistique en contexte d’usage de psychotropes." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 43, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429813515415.

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Apart from the Inuits, who, until the arrival of the ‘white man’, were unable to cultivate plants because of the climate, it can be said that all cultures and human societies used psychotropic substances, and their usage can be considered universal. Although the use of certain psychotropic substances is associated with deviancy, multiple reasons can shed light on the drug phenomenon as a multifactorial reality. Among these reasons we can mention: medical use for health reasons, pleasure and sensorial experience; knowledge and exploration of the self; psychotherapy with LSD 25; war; support for religious practices; creation and artistic inspiration, etc. Through a literature review, this article explores the sociological and anthropological perspective in the field of psychotropic substances and their ties with the process of creativity and artistic inspiration (music, poetry, the arts, etc.). With a constructivist approach, a psychosocial perspective will be enabled to take a hold on certain social and cultural challenges in the context of psychotropic substance use and artistic creation.

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Plourde, Chantal, Natasha Dufour, Serge Brochu, and Annie Gendron. "Medication Use, Substance Use, and Psychological Conditions of Female Inmates in Canadian Federal Prisons." International Annals of Criminology 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003445200000040.

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SummaryThis study provides data on substance use patterns, including medications, among female inmates in Canadian federal prisons. The participants were interviewed regarding their substance use and their psychological condition before and during incarceration. Their medication cards were also analyzed. The results show that a large proportion (66.9 %) of these incarcerated women reported substance abuse prior to incarceration and exhibited psychological disorders. In prison, if the illicit substance use remained low, most subjects had prescriptions for more than one medication. Furthermore, women with psychotropic medication prescriptions in their file had, on average, prescriptions for two different psychotropic medications. Significant relationships were found between substance misuse before incarceration and illicit substance use or and psychotropic medication use during incarceration. These results support the need to develop integrated services for both addiction and mental health for female offenders during incarceration.

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Sullivan, R. J., and E. H. Hagen. "Psychotropic substance-seeking: evolutionary pathology or adaptation?" Addiction 97, no. 4 (April 2002): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00024.x.

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Suzuki, Tsutomu. "New psychotropic substance abuse and its regulation." Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 150, no. 3 (2017): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.150.124.

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Khalilova, N. Sh, N. V. Korableva, V. A. Vetrova, M. U. Abdullayeva, and Z. U. Usmonaliyeva. "EXPERT RESEARCH OF MICROQUANTITIES NARCOTIC, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND PRECURSORS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.38.

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While investigating and prosecuting criminal cases related to illegal drug trade, psychotropic substances and precursors, microobjects found at the scene of crime, as well as on items related to a crime and its participants, assume ever greater evidentiary. In expert practice, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances often appear as research objects, that are rarely individual compounds. At that greatest difficulties arise while research of substances that are multicomponent systems and mixtures containing a large number of impurity and ballast substances, as well as low concentrations of active substances. So it is difficult to identify the substance that served as the basis for developing a methodology for the investigation of microquantities of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. Despite the fact that chromatographic analysis is the most common method for the analysis of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, currently due to high information content, sensitivity and selectivity in the world practice of forensic chemical and medical examination, methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detector (HPLC-MS) become one of the most widely used. The use of the HPLC-MS method is the most optimal while research on narcotic, psychotropic substances and precursors by reducing the time of sample preparation, since there is no need for the stage of reagents evaporation and receipt of derivatives, and also it is appear possible to identify non-volatile substances that cannot be analyzed by GC-MS. As a result of the performed researches a methods for the criminalistic research of microquantities of certain narcotic drugs (heroin, morphine, opium, methamphetamine, cocaine, etc.), psychotropic substances (clonidine, bromazepam, ketazolam, trihexyphenidyl, methaqualone, barbital, etc.), precursors (pseudoephedrine, ephedrine) and a poison such as scopolamine using GC-MS and HPLC-MS.

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Fife, Stephanie A., Kay E. Ketzenberger, and James N. Olson. "Attitudes toward Psychotropic Medications." Psychological Reports 110, no. 2 (April 2012): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.13.17.pr0.110.2.475-476.

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Attitudes and beliefs towards psychotropic medication were evaluated among psychiatric outpatients, patients receiving buprenorphine treatment for substance abuse, and a group who reported never having used psychotropic medications (non-users). The Drug Attitude Inventory scale and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire General were used to assess attitudes and beliefs of 49 participants. Non-users exhibited more negative attitudes and beliefs toward psychotropic medication than both psychiatric groups.

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Kurdil, N. V. "Analysis of cases of fatal poisoning by narcotic and psychotropic substances in Ukraine based on the results of the epidemic, clinical, forensic, and laboratory research (2015–2019)." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.2.2021.230657.

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Background. Today in Ukraine, acute poisoning by narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is an extremely urgent medical and social problem, which is far out of being solved, that’s why there is a need for in-depth study of the causes of deaths from poisoning to prevent them. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases of fatal poisonings by narcotic and psychotropic substances with the involvement of epidemic, clinical, forensic, and laboratory research methods, aimed at finding measures to improve the health care system for acute domestic poisoning. Materials and methods. There were studied the medical data of patients treated with the diagnosis: “Acute drug poisoning” (ICD-10: T40.0–T40.3) in the Kyiv Toxicological Center, the statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the data from reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examinations. The laboratory studies of narcotic and psychotropic substances in the biological environment were performed using immunochromatographic analysis and chromatography-mass spectrometry (device — Aligent 6850/5973N, column — HP-5MS). The statistical analysis was performed using the program Statistica 12.6 (Windows 10/7): the reliability of the difference in indicators in the study groups was assessed using Student’s t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. In the last 5 years, the most common narcotic and psychotropic substances are synthetic and semi-synthetic opioids, psychostimulants, smoking mixtures, sedatives, or hypnotics. At the same time, the number of poiso-nings associated with the combined use of drugs and psychotropic substances, pharmaceuticals, and ethanol is increasing. During the period 2015–2019, more than 40 groups of substances that led to acute poisoning were found in the laboratory of the Kyiv Toxicological Center. The number of positive tests increased 2.3 times during the study period. The leaders in the structure of opioid drugs are methadone, heroin, and morphine. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2014–2018, 1365 deaths were registered as a result of poisoning by narcotic and psychotropic substances. In 2018, a total of 399 cases of deaths related to narcotic and psychotropic substances use and poisoning were recorded in Ukraine. Of these, 64 (16.04 %) cases were related to mental and behavioral disorders due to drug and psychotropic substance abuse and 335 (98.82 %) cases were related to external causes of death related to poisoning or overdose. Among those who died in 2018, there were 90.5 % men (361 cases) and 9.5 % women (38 cases). The largest number of deaths, 340 cases (85.2 %), occurred in the age group from 25 to 44 years, 13 ca-ses — in the age group from 15 to 24 years, and 46 cases — from 45 years and older. Three hundred and fifty-five cases of death from poisoning by psychotropic substances were investigated, it was established that opioid poisoning occurred in 153 cases (codeine and morphine — 54 cases (43.1 %), methadone — 76 cases (21.4 %), opium — 15 cases (4.2 %), synthetic opioids — 8 cases (2.3 %)). One hundred and forty-four cases of death from other drug poisonings were studied, including 31 (21.5 %) cases of psychodysleptic poisoning (hallucinogens), 2 (1.4 %) cases of cocaine poisoning, and 5 (3.5 %) cases of psychostimulant poisoning. According to state statistics, the number of deaths from poisoning in 2018 compared to 2017 increased by half and much. In particular, methadone poisoning increased 2.5 times, and unidentified drug poisoning was three-fold increased. According to the intent, the deaths were distributed as follows: 268 deaths — accidental poisoning; 66 deaths — poisoning by indefinite intent; one case — self-poisoning. The opioid poisoning accounted for 28 % of all cases of the psychotropic substances revealed in biological material, 24.4 % cases were drugs containing narcotic and psychotropic substances or precursors, 15 % — of unidentified substances, the rest consisted of other psychoactive substan-ces. The age characteristics of the group of deaths resulted from narcotic and psychotropic substances revealed in the biological material, and in the group of deaths from overdose are the same (p ≤ 0.05). It means that in the samples of both groups, the age group of 25–44 years presented over 75 % of cases. In Ukraine in 2018, the frequency of deaths related to drug and psychotropic substance abuse and poisoning among the population aged 15 to 64 was 10 people per 1,000,000. Conclusions. The results of the epidemic, clinical, forensic, and laboratory studies conducted by various government agencies in the period 2014–2019, demonstrate a threatening dynamic of increasing both the number of cases of narcotic and psychotropic poisoning and their diversity, resulting in a progressive increase in lethality and mortality, mainly among the male population aged 25–44 years. The main way of the use of narcotic and psychotropic substances in Ukraine continues to be the injection of opioids (methadone, heroin, buprenorphine, etc.) and amphetamine-type stimulants. There has been an increase in the number of deaths associated with the simultaneous use of several narcotic and psychotropic substances (methadone, amphetamine, marijuana, benzodiazepines, ethanol, etc.) in various combinations.

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Fadli, Mahabbatul Layna, and Alit Suwandewi. "Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kecenderungan Penggunaan Psikotropika Zat Adiktif (Lem Fox) Pada Remaja." DINAMIKA KESEHATAN JURNAL KEBIDANAN DAN KEPERAWATAN 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33859/dksm.v10i2.505.

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Latar Belakang: Korban penyalahgunaan napza di Indonesia cenderung makin meningkat, Hasil survei penyalahgunaan napza oleh Badan Narkotika Nasional kepada 3.376.115 pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 1.991.909 orang (59%) adalah kelompok pekerja, sebanyak 810.267 orang (24%) adalah kelompok pelajar dan sebanyak 573.939 adalah kelompok populasi umum. Zat adiktif yang dewasa ini penggunaannya menjadi trend adalah lem fox.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kecenderungan penggunaan psikotropika zat adiktif (lem fox) pada remaja di Rumah Singgah Kota Banjarmasin.Metode: Penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi seluruh remaja yang (usia 15-20 tahun). Sampel berjumlah 41 orang dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji Spearman’s rho.Hasil: Hubungan Faktor individu dengan kecenderungan penggunaan psikotropika zat adiktif (lem fox) sebesar 0,841 bersifat sangat kuat, rentang 0,76-1,00. Penyalahgunaan zat adiktif umumnya berhubungan dengan keadaan mental, kondisi fisik dan psikologi seseorang, kepercayaan diri kurang, ketidakmampuan mengelola masalah atau stress yang dihadapi.Simpulan: Penelitian menunjukkan Ada Hubungan faktor individu, pengetahuan, sikap, dan lingkungan remaja dengan kecendrungan psikotropika zat adiktif (lem fox) pada remaja di Rumah Singgah Kota Banjarmasin. Disarankan bagi responden sebagai penyalah guna lem fox agar dapat menyadari bahwa perbuatannya itu adalah perbuatan yang salah dan segera memperbaiki diri dengan cara ikut serta dalam program rehabilitasi yang dilaksanakan oleh rumah singgah.Kata Kunci: Faktor individu, pengetahuan, sikap, lingkungan dan psikotropika (lem fox).Background: The Victim of drug abuse in Indonesia tend to increase, Results of a survey of drug abuse by the National Narcotics Agency to 3,376,115 in 2017 as many as 1,991,909 people (59%) are group of workers, 810,267 people (24%) are student group and 573,939 is a general population group. An addictive substance that is currently used as a trend is Fox glue.Objective: To find out factors related to the tendency of using addictive substance psychotropic substances (Fox glue) on adolescents in Banjarmasin City.Method: Analytic survey research with cross sectional approach. Population of all adolescents (15-20 years old). The sample amounted to 41 people with a total sampling technique. The analysis used Spearman's test.Results: The relationship between individual factor with the tendency to use addictive psychotropic substances (Fox glue) of 0.841 is very strong, ranging from 0.76-1.00. Addictive substance abuse is generally associated with mental states, physical and psychological conditions of a person, lack of self-confidence, inability to manage problems or stress faced.Conclusion: Research shows there is a relationship between individual factors, knowledge, attitudes, and environment of adolescents with a tendency to use psychotropic addictive substances (Fox glue) on adolescents at the Shelter House in Banjarmasin. It is recommended for respondents as abusers of Fox glue to be able to realize that their actions are wrong and immediately improve themselves by participating in rehabilitation programs implemented by the shelter management.Keywords: Individual factor, knowledge, attitudes, environment and psychotropics (Fox glue).

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Kurdil, N. V. "Diagnosis of acute poisoning by addictive and psychotropic substances based on the toxidrome." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.3.2021.234804.

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Background. Poisoning by addictive and psychotropic substances is one of the main reasons for the admission of patients to emergency departments in most countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current structure of toxic syndromes in patients with acute poisoning and to analyze existing approaches to the diagnosis of addictive and psychotropic substance poisoning based on the syndromic approach. Materials and methods. Medical data of 2987 patients treated with the diagnosis: “Acute drug poisoning” (ICD-10: T40.0-T40.3) in the Kyiv Toxicological Center were studied. Laboratory studies of addictive and psychotropic substances in the biological environment were performed using immunochromatographic analysis (rapid tests) and chromate-mass spectrometry (device Aligent 6850/5973N, column HP-5MS). Statistical analysis was performed using the program Statistica 12.6 (Windows 10/7). Results. According to the Center for Mental Health and Monitoring of Drugs and Alcohol of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine in 2018, the most common substances that result in abuse were: alcohol — 14.6 %, cannabis — 2.8 %, opioids — 2.1 %, sedative agents — 1.1 %, solvents — 0.9 %, amphetamine-type stimulants — 0.2 %, cocaine — 0.1 %, and hallucinogens — 0.1 %. The range of substances that caused severe poisoning in adults in 2016–2020 represented by: ethanol — 29.2 %, opioids — 42.3 %, cannabinoids — 8.4 %, sedative agents and hypnotics — 9.5 %, cocaine, and stimulants, inclu-ding caffeine — 7.4 %, hallucinogens — 5.5 %, solvents — 2.1 %. The following toxidromes were diagnosed: sedative in 46.3 % of patients, opioid — 37.6 %, sympathomimetic — 17.7 %, anticholinergic — 9.5 %, serotonin — 0.4 %, and syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) — 0.2 %. During the study period, the number of combined poisonings increased 1.8 times (from 20.5 to 37.1 %), and among the combinations of addictive and psychotropic substances, the most common are methadone + ethanol, methadone + benzodiazepines, methadone + amphetamine, opioids + cocaine + ethanol, opioids + cannabis, as well as other combinations involving methamphetamine, hallucinogens, analgesics. Clinical diagnosis of combined poisonings is difficult, miosis may be absent in tramadol and meperidine poisoning, in cases of combined use of opioids and stimulants, or extremely severe cases, when the patient shows signs of deep post-hypoxic encephalopathy. Modern synthetic opioids (fentanyl and buprenorphine analogues) significantly outweigh the toxic effects of heroin, so there is a fairly common approach to using higher initial doses of naloxone in the treatment of such overdoses. However, approaches to the use of naloxone differ in various scientific sources. The practical experience in the Kyiv Toxicological Center proves that treatment can be started with standard doses of naloxone and quickly increased in the absence of side effects (agitation, convulsions, pulmonary edema). Given the fact that modern test systems are aimed at finding a small range of narcotic and psychotropic substances and do not determine their concentration, considerable attention should be paid to clinical diagnosis based on the definition of pathological symptoms and syndromes. Since the main target for narcotic and psychotropic substances is the nervous system, the identification of biomarkers of its dysfunction at different levels is key in the diagnosis of poisoning. Based on certain biomarkers, an understanding of the existing toxic syndrome (toxidrome) is formed. Today, opioids play a key role in morbidity and mortality from drug poisoning in Ukraine. A threatening trend in recent years is the increase in the proportion of combined poisonings by opioids and other substances, which complicates the determination of the toxidrome. It is important to note that the “fashion” for the use of combinations of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances among drug users is constantly changing, so doctors try to regularly update information on available drugs and psychotropic substances in the region, which are popular among consumers and characteristic manifestations of poisoning. The universal approach ABCDE should be used in cases where there are no specific tests for toxic substances, and because more than a third of positive tests show the presence of two or more xenobiotics. Conclusions. Identification of toxidrome is important from the standpoint of diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning. Many researchers note that its importance exceeds the value of rapid tests to determine the toxic substance, and the patient’s vital signs and careful examination are the best clues for choosing treatment tactics. In cases of combined poisoning with drugs or psychotropic substances, or in situations where it is not possible to conduct rapid testing of the patient’s urine for toxic substances, it is necessary to approach the use of antidotes (naloxone) with caution. It is important to remember that the object of medical intervention in any poisoning is the patient, not the toxin or the results of laboratory tests, which do not always correctly indicate the poison. Pharmacological interventions in the treatment of a patient with acute addictive or psychotropic substance poisoning should be aimed at correcting the underlying pathological syndrome (if possible), taking into account not to exacerbate its manifestations, but rather to minimize its severity and duration.

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Zavialova, Anna A., and Vasily V. Zavialov. "Сomprehensive approach to expert identification of the common source of origin of drugs." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-98.

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The article proposes an algorithm for conducting a comprehensive comparative study of various drug samples to determine their common source of origin using not only methods of physical and chemical analysis, but also the possibilities of tracological examination of their packages and tablet forms. The use of this algorithm with expert research for establishment of common origin of different samples of controlled substances will help to achieve the study objectives with maximum efficiency and speed is extremely important aspect to optimize the timing of expert studies in the framework of forensic support operative-investigative and procedural activities of law enforcement agencies to curb illegal traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The authors indicate that when conducting a comprehensive comparative study of samples of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances both in the framework of operational search activities and in the course of forensic examination, employees of expert forensic units of internal affairs bodies can assist criminal investigation officers in forming an evidence base on the facts of direct trafficking of controlled substances, contact of a suspect with controlled substances, in particular with a specific sample of a drug or psychotropic substance, production, storage, transportation of controlled substances by a suspected person in principle and a specific sample of them, the belonging of various persons suspected of involvement in the illegal trafficking of controlled substances to one organized criminal group, as well as the identification of the entire chain involved in the organization of this illegal trafficking. Provides options to make conclusions on the results of comprehensive comparative studies of different samples of drugs and psychotropic methods of physico-chemical and tracological examination and their interpretation for the purposes of detection and suppression of illegal drug trafficking.

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Teets, Janet M. "Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Substance Abuse Setting." Journal of Addictions Nursing 13, no. 1 (2001): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10884600109087397.

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Moore, Terri Smith, Patricia J. Bush, Ronald J. Iannotti, and Mary Ann D'Elio. "Mothers' Psychotropic Medicine Use and Children's Abusable Substance Use." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/j058v09n01_07.

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Moore, Terri. "Mothers' Psychotropic Medicine Use and Children's Abusable Substance Use." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 9, no. 1 (January 9, 1995): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j058v09n01_07.

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Cecinato, Angelo, Catia Balducci, Valentina Budetta, and Antonello Pasini. "Illicit psychotropic substance contents in the air of Italy." Atmospheric Environment 44, no. 19 (June 2010): 2358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.032.

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Ćatović Amra and Krunoslava Gudelj. "Characteristics of psychoactive substances consumption among students of first and fifth year of Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 06, no. 03 (March 30, 2021): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.3.0058.

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A psychoactive or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system, altering mental processes, e.g., cognition or affect. Their use can lead to addiction, so in common language ‘substance abuse’ implicate dependence-producing effect. In general, initiation to substance use happen during adolescence and early adulthood. The aim of this study was determining the pattern of psychoactive substance consumption among students at Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University. A cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2019 at Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University. The survey covered 102 students, who attended first and fifth year of study. The research instrument was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Results were expressed as percentages and means ± standard deviation. During statistical analysis we performed Chi-squared and the bivariate testes. A sample included 102 students, of which 66 (64.7%) were female and 36 (35.3%) were male, while 52 (51.0%) attended first year and 50 (49.0%) attended fifth year. The majority of students (91.2%) had consumed caffeine. Consumption of cigarettes reported 63.7% of students, and consumption of alcohol reported 60.8% of students. Statistically significant differences in consumption of alcohol (P<0.0005), THC (P<0.0005), cocaine (P=0.001), and amphetamine (P=0.017) were found between gender. Statistically significant differences in consumption of cigarettes (P=0.034), caffeine (P=0.017), alcohol (P=0.007), THC (P<0.0005), and sedatives (P=0.003) were found between two study group. The use of psychotropic substances in youth represents a serious public health problem. Students should implement their knowledge, not only in their practice environment, but in everyday life.

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Dashutin, I. V., and I. A. Tenytska. "Peculiarities of administrative and legal work on counteraction to offenses committed by minors in the field of drug trafficking." Legal horizons, no. 24 (2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i24.p72.

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Illicit use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors is dangerous to human health and society. This causes changes in behavior, emotional state and can cause severe psychological disorders. It also undermines the social structure of the community. Due to their effect on the brain, drugs can be addictive, leading to loss of interest in many areas of life. Drugs are under national and international control to prevent the negative health and social consequences of drug abuse. Given the fact that minors are important stakeholders in the system of state policy to combat drug use and distribution, there is no doubt that there are certain specific features of drug addiction among minors depending on the country's geographical location, drug policy, drug or psychotropic substance sales and cultural factor. For example, drug-addicted juveniles are addressed at the state level, such policies are aimed at responding quickly to the increasing number of juvenile crimes committed by juveniles in society, and it is young people who are often the focus of drug policy decisions. There are a number of initiatives and activities aimed at better understanding the specifics of drug use among young people. However, the analysis of minors' opinions and ideas about programs and control measures aimed at reducing the harm caused by drug use is currently limited. As in all areas of public policy, adequate consultation with all relevant stakeholders is an important part of the process of effectively developing measures to combat drug trafficking. Therefore, the main administrative and legal measures to combat juvenile delinquency in relation to illicit trafficking, use and distribution of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors were identified. The main authorized subjects and their role in the development and implementation of effective measures of administrative and legal nature to reduce the use, distribution and circulation of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors among minors are also identified.

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Al Reef, Tatiana, and Esther Ghanem. "Caffeine: Well-known as psychotropic substance, but little as immunomodulator." Immunobiology 223, no. 12 (December 2018): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.011.

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Finnell, Deborah S., and Frederick H. Osborne. "Stages of Change for Psychotropic Medication Adherence and Substance Cessation." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 20, no. 4 (August 2006): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2005.12.006.

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Nascimento, Iendel R., Helber B. Costa, Lindamara M. Souza, Letícia C. Soprani, Bianca B. Merlo, and Wanderson Romão. "Chemical identification of cannabinoids in street marijuana samples using electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 7, no. 4 (2015): 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02355b.

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Liebrenz, Michael, Alex Gamma, Iliyan Ivanov, Anna Buadze, and Dominique Eich. "Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use – a clinical study." F1000Research 4 (July 28, 2015): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6780.1.

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ADHD is the one of the most prevalent childhood disorders and has been associated with impairments persisting into adulthood. Specifically, childhood ADHD is an independent clinical risk factor for the development of later substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, adults who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have shown high rates of comorbid SUDs. Few studies, however, have reported on the relationship between ADHD subtypes and SUD in adult samples. The purpose of this study was to characterize a clinical sample of adults with ADHD and to identify possible associations between ADHD subtypes, lifetime substance use, and if ADHD subtypes may be preferentially associated with specific substances of abuse. We recruited 413 adult ADHD patients, performed an evaluation of their ADHD and conducted an interview on their use of psychotropic substances. Complete data was obtained for 349 patients. Lifetime substance abuse or dependence was 26% and occasional use was 57% in this sample. The inattentive subtype was significantly less likely to abuse or be dependent on cocaine than the combined subtype. Our findings underscore the high rate of comorbidity between substance use and ADHD in adults. The more frequent abuse/dependence of cocaine by adult patients with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms should be kept in mind when treating this patient group.

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Liebrenz, Michael, Alex Gamma, Iliyan Ivanov, Anna Buadze, and Dominique Eich. "Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use – a clinical study." F1000Research 4 (October 19, 2016): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6780.2.

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ADHD is the one of the most prevalent childhood disorders and has been associated with impairments persisting into adulthood. Specifically, childhood ADHD is an independent clinical risk factor for the development of later substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, adults who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have shown high rates of comorbid SUDs. Few studies, however, have reported on the relationship between ADHD subtypes and SUD in adult samples. The purpose of this study was to characterize a clinical sample of adults with ADHD and to identify possible associations between ADHD subtypes, lifetime substance use, and if ADHD subtypes may be preferentially associated with specific substances of abuse. We recruited 413 adult ADHD patients, performed an evaluation of their ADHD and conducted an interview on their use of psychotropic substances. Complete data was obtained for 349 patients. Lifetime substance abuse or dependence was 26% and occasional use was 57% in this sample. The inattentive subtype was significantly less likely to abuse or be dependent on cocaine than the combined subtype. Our findings underscore the high rate of comorbidity between substance use and ADHD in adults. The more frequent abuse/dependence of cocaine by adult patients with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms should be kept in mind when treating this patient group.

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Vilks, Andrejs. "PREVENTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE AS A SOCIALLY PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2016): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol3.1459.

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In the century of modern technologies the human behaviour models are changing, new types of addiction are developing, including addiction to processes (cyber, games addiction), as well as addiction to new substances. Among young people there is observed an increased spreading of new psychotropic substances, manufacturing of which is very simple, but their realization determines possibilities for a markedly great profit. In the cultural environment of young people the new traditions are formed, specific elements of subculture, positive attitude towards being able to use and apply something new. A new value system is developing with a sense of unlimited freedom and extensive rights. Along with the chances to buy and use new psychoactive substances, the changes occur also in the young people’s psyche, affecting their emotional and physical condition. A new, socially-pedagogical approach is needed in restriction of the use of these new psychoactive substance.

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Ford, James H., Arveen Kaur, Deepika Rao, Aaron Gilson, Daniel M. Bolt, Helene Chokron Garneau, Lisa Saldana, and Mark P. McGovern. "Improving medication access within integrated treatment for individuals with co-occurring disorders in substance use treatment agencies." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952110336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895211033659.

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Background The best approach to provide comprehensive care for individuals with co-occurring disorders (CODs) related to substance use and mental health is to address both disorders through an integrated treatment approach. However, only 25% of behavioral health agencies offer integrated care and <7% of individuals who need integrated treatment receive it. A project used a cluster-randomized waitlist control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of network for the improvement of addiction treatment (NIATx) implementation strategies to improve access to addiction and psychotropic medications. Methods This study represents a secondary analysis of data from the NIATx project. Forty-nine agencies were randomized to Cohort1 (active implementation group, receiving the NIATx strategy [ n = 25]) or Cohort2 (waitlist control group [ n = 24]). Data were collected at three time points (Baseline, Year1, and Year2). A two-level (patient within an agency) multinomial logistic regression model investigated the effects of implementation strategy condition on one of four medication outcomes: both medication types, only psychotropic medication, only addiction medication, or neither medication type. A per-protocol analysis included time, NIATx fidelity, and agency focus as predictors. Results The intent-to-treat analysis found a statistically significant change in access to addiction versus neither medication, but Cohort1 compared to Cohort2 at Year 1 showed no differences. Changes were associated with the experimental intervention and occurred in the transition from Year1 to Year2, where greater increases were seen for agencies in Cohort2 versus Cohort1. The per-protocol analysis showed increased access to both medications and addiction medications from pre- to post-intervention for agencies in both cohorts; however, differences in change between high- and low-implementation agencies were not significant. Conclusions Access to integrated services for people with CODs is a long-standing problem. NIATx implementation strategies had limited effectiveness in improving medication access for individuals with CODs. Implementation strategy adherence is associated with increased medication access. Plain language summary Individuals with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders face significant challenges in receiving care. With only 25% of behavioral health organizations offering integrated substance use and mental health services, it is not surprising that only 7% of individuals with a co-occurring disorder (COD) receive integrated care. The use of implementation strategies including feedback reports, external coaching, and in-person learning can provide staff with the necessary skills to implement changes in their organization. In this study, staff in addiction treatment agencies provided comprehensive assessments and treatment plans that targeted patients’ CODs, using proven implementation strategies. Results found that the application of these strategies increased patient access to addiction medications and their access to both addiction and psychotropic medications for their CODs. Higher implementation strategy adherence appears to be associated with improved access to addiction medications or both addiction and psychotropic medications but not psychotropic medications exclusively. Implementation researchers and addiction treatment agencies have evidence that implementation strategies can be utilized to improve access to medications as part of integrated treatment for individuals with CODs. However, additional research is needed to understand how adherence and fidelity to the implementation strategies are associated with more significant improvements. In addition, the results from this study raise questions as to whether efforts to improve access to psychotropic medications or addiction and psychotropic medications take longer to implement in addiction treatment agencies that do not typically provide integrated treatment for individuals with CODs.

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Scalese, Marco, Olivia Curzio, Valentina Cutrupi, Luca Bastiani, Mercedes Gori, Francesca Denoth, and Sabrina Molinaro. "Links between Psychotropic Substance Use and Sensation Seeking in a Prevalence Study: The Role of Some Features of Parenting Style in a Large Sample of Adolescents." Journal of Addiction 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/962178.

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Aims. The objectives of the study were to (a) investigate the prevalence risk of current drug users and (b) explore the association between parental monitoring, adolescent-parent relationship, family structure, financial status, and sensation-seeking and psychotropic substance use.Methods. Data were drawn from the 2002 Italian student population survey of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. The sample size was 10,790 adolescents, aged 15–19 years. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed.Findings. The prevalence of users was 27.3% (34.2% males; 21.6% females). Single-parent and reconstructed families were related to the greatest likelihood of substance use. A medium financial status and, for females, a satisfying relationship with father were protective factors. Probability of engaging in risk-taking behavior increased when parental knowledge decreased. Exploring deeper how parental monitoring could modify the relation between different traits of sensation seeking and substances use revealed the following: “thrill and adventure seeking,” within the case of a good monitoring, can help against the use of substances; “boredom susceptibility” is not associated with drug use, except when parental monitoring is weak.Conclusions. Specific subdimensions, associated with substance use, may be more amenable to prevention than general interventions on sensation-seeking personality. Family is the context that could promote health education.

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el-Guebaly, Nady, and David Hodgins. "Substance-Related Cravings and Relapses: Clinical Implications." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 1 (February 1998): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300102.

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Objective: To review the implications of current research on clinical practice. Method: An examination of the literature over the last 10 years and the data from our own study group. Results: A synopsis of current psychobiological and psychological conceptual underpinnings of the nature and process of cravings and relapses among substance-dependent individuals is presented. The biopsychosocial dimensions of the clinical assessment of craving components, relapse patterns, and predictors, including relevant instruments, are explored. The panoply of management strategies for cravings and relapses encompasses cue exposure treatment techniques, relapse prevention approaches, anticraving and psychotropic medication, family involvement, and twelve-step programs. Conclusion: A clinician's familiarity with these strategies should contribute significantly to the transformation of the sense of failure engendered by a patient's relapse into a constructive challenge and opportunity.

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Pascali, Jennifer P., Fabio Vaiano, Diego Palumbo, Federica Umani Ronchi, Francesco Mari, and Elisabetta Bertol. "Psychotropic substance abuse and fitness to hold a driving license in Italy." Traffic Injury Prevention 20, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1579320.

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Zuvekas, Samuel H., Agnes E. Rupp, and Grayson S. Norquist. "Spillover Effects of Benefit Expansions and Carve-Outs on Psychotropic Medication Use and Costs." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 42, no. 1 (February 2005): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_42.1.86.

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This paper extends the previous literature examining the impacts of managed behavioral health care carve-outs and mental health parity mandates on mental health and substance abuse (MH/SA) specialty treatment use and costs by considering the effects on psychotropic prescription medication costs. We use multivariate panel data methods to remove underlying secular growth trends, driven by increased demand for improved MH/SA treatment related to pharmaceutical innovations. We find that psychotropic medication costs continued to increase after the introduction of a substantial benefit expansion and carve-out to a managed behavioral health organization (MBHO), offsetting large declines in inpatient specialty MH/SA costs. However, we find evidence that the MBHO may have restrained growth in prescription medication spending.

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Semenova, V. A., and E. M. Petrenko. "Identification and Comparative Analysis of Alkaloids by Inversion Voltammetry Method." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 6 (87) (December 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2019-6-113-121.

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The alkaloids concurrent detection and identification in the samples by the method of multisensory inversion voltammetry is the purpose of the work. To achieve this goal, the proposed method has been substantiated, the composition of the electrochemical test system has been optimized taking into account the specifics of the detected substances, and informative signs that characterize the presence of alkaloids in the studied sample have been found. A new approach, consisting in the use of an electrochemical multisensor test system in the form of a solution containing a set of metal ions that can form complex compounds with organic substances, has been developed and scientifically approved. The results showed that each organic substance has a different effect on the electrochemical behavior of the multisensory test system. The use of such a test system made it possible to model the principle currently defined by the term "Electronic tongue". An electronic database has been prepared according to the results of the electroanalytical studies, which made it possible to identify the detected substance by comparing it with analyzed sample. The proposed electrochemical method, which is based on multisensor inversion voltammetry, allows the detection and identification of both narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with high confidence for a small mass of the sample.

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Hasanah, Dwiatri Harjanti Uswatun, Tri Murtiati, and Sri Rahayu. "The Effect of Narcotics, Psychotropic, and Addictive Substance Counseling toward SMK Students’ Knowledge about Drug Abuse." BIOSFER: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI 7, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.7-2.2.

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Understanding about narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances is beneficial to prevent drugs abuse among students. One of the ways to provide knowledge about this topic may be done by counseling. This research was aimed to know the effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drug abuse. The study was conducted in SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta during May 2012 using an experimental method. Simulation method was performed in experimental class whether speech method was applied in control group. This research design was pretest-posttest control group using multiple choice knowledge test instrument. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Normality testing of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test and homogeneity testing of t-test showed a normal distribution and homogenous data. Meanwhile, hypothesis testing done by t-test at α = 0.05 result was –ttable < tcount < ttable at -3.23 < -0.67 < 2.03, meaning that there was no effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drugs abuse.

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Lau, Joseph T. F., Hi Yi Tsui, and Lawrence T. Lam. "Alcohol consumption, sex, and use of psychotropic substances among male Hong Kong-mainland China cross-border substance users." Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 4 (April 2007): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.06.013.

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Sane Schepisi, Monica, Anteo Di Napoli, Rosario Asciutto, Simona Vecchi, Concetta Mirisola, and Alessio Petrelli. "The 2008 Financial Crisis and Changes in Lifestyle-Related Behaviors in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 8734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168734.

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Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal have all been strongly affected by the 2008 financial crisis, which has had a negative impact on health. We systematically evaluated the effects of the crisis on lifestyle and socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and health economics databases for studies reporting quantitative comparisons before and after (or during) the crisis on the following risk behaviors: alcohol consumption, smoking habit, healthy diet, physical activity, and psychotropic drugs and substance abuse, without setting any age restrictions. We selected 34 original articles published between 2011 and 2020. During/after the crisis, alcohol consumption and substance abuse decreased, while psychotropic drug use increased. We also observed a deterioration in healthy eating behavior, with a reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption. Smoking habit and physical activity showed a more complex, controversial trend. Socioeconomic inequalities were affected by the recession, and the negative effects on unhealthy lifestyle tended to be more pronounced among the disadvantaged. These results suggest the need to implement health policies and interventions aimed at monitoring risk behaviors, with special regard to disadvantaged people, and considering the potential additional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Simonovska, Natasha, Vesna Velik-Stefanovska, and Aleksandra Babulovska. "Unintentional Opioid Overdoses Treated at University Clinic of Toxicology-Skopje in a Nine-Year-Period." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 64, no. 2 (2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2021.16.

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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological profile of unintentional opioid overdoses, the prevalence and number of psychotropic substances involved in opioid overdoses.Methods: This was a descriptive study, in which 180 participants were enrolled, and covered a nine-years-period. For collecting data was used the National patient electronic system “My term”. The variables as gender, age, duration of opioid dependence, number of overdoses, type of substance, number of antidote ampoules, duration of hospitalization were analyzed. Severity of poisoning was made by using the Poison severity score. Results: Opioid overdose cases were significantly higher among males than females. Mean age with standard deviation (SD) was 32.23 ± 6.71 years. Mean years (±SD) of duration of opioid use disorder was 11.60 ± 5.89 years. The most commonly used primary substance was methadone in 68.89% and heroin in 31.11% cases. Twenty patients were treated with mechanical ventilation because of the severe respiratory depression. Poison severity score was moderate in 51.11%, severe in 45.56% and fatal in 3.33% of the cases. Conclusion: Most of the cases, predominantly males used one or two substances. The combination of methadone and benzodiazepine was most frequently used and the most common way was by injecting the abused substances. In most of the subjects PSS score was moderate and severe with no differences between genders.

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Rumpold, Gerhard, Michael Klingseis, Kurt Dornauer, Martin Kopp, Stephan Doering, Stefan Höfer, Birgit Mumelter, and Gerhard Schüßler. "Psychotropic Substance Abuse1Among Adolescents: A Structural Equation Model on Risk and Protective Factors." Substance Use & Misuse 41, no. 8 (January 2006): 1155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600752136.

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Apantaku-Olajide, Tunde, and Bobby P. Smyth. "Non-Medical Use of Psychotropic Prescription Drugs Among Adolescents in Substance Use Treatment." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 45, no. 4 (September 2013): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.825029.

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Sowers, Wesley, and Scott Golden. "Psychotropic Medication Management in Persons with Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 31, no. 1 (January 1999): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1999.10471727.

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Jackson, Dorothy O., Sylvie Mrug, Foster Cook, William Beidleman, and Karen L. Cropsey. "Factors predicting substance dependence and psychotropic medication use among offenders in community corrections." Addictive Behaviors 36, no. 7 (July 2011): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.033.

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Chung, Yida Y. H., and Daniel T. L. Shek. "Treatment Fears: Barriers to Young Psychotropic Substance Abusers Receiving Residential Drug Rehabilitation Treatment." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 16, no. 6 (February 5, 2018): 1322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9884-x.

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Ford, Jessica, Greta Bushnell, Ashley M. Griffith, Golsa Joodi, Ankita Ashoka, Neil Patel, Mariya Husain, et al. "Mental Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, and Psychotropic Medication Use Among Sudden-Death Victims." Psychiatric Services 72, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900389.

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Kolla, Nathan J., David C. Marsh, and Patricia G. Erickson. "Temporal trends in rates of dual diagnoses at a Canadian addictions hospital over a five-year period." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 23, no. 1 (March 2006): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700009393.

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AbstractObjectives: Dual diagnosis refers to co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders. The principal aims of this investigation were two-fold: 1) to identify aspects of patients' drug use and prior treatment histories associated with their receiving a dual diagnosis upon admission to the Donwood Institute, a residential drug treatment facility located in Toronto, Canada; 2) to track temporal trends in the rates of diagnosed comorbidities over a five-year period at this same institution.Methods: We conducted an analysis of the intake assessment forms and hospital records of 159 patients who had been admitted to a drug treatment facility during the month of September for each of the years between 1998 and 2002 inclusive. Comparisons were made between patients who had received a psychiatric diagnosis on admission and patients who had received no such diagnosis. We then employed logistic regression analyses to explore the relationship of the variable psychiatric diagnosis on admission to other patient variables.Results: Among the patients studied in our sample, those receiving psychotherapy or taking prescription psychotropic medication at the time of their admission as well as patients whose primary problem substance was cannabis or who had been previously admitted to the treatment facility were significantly more likely to have received a psychiatric diagnosis on admission, in spite of our finding that several patients receiving psychotherapy or taking at least one psychotropic medication did not receive a psychiatric diagnosis on admission.Conclusions: Whilst our data indicate that psychiatric comorbidity is common among individuals in treatment for substance use disorders at the Donwood Institute, it is possible that some individuals with psychiatric illness in our sample were not diagnosed as such when presenting for treatment of their substance use difficulties. Moreover, temporal tracking of rates of dual diagnoses did not reveal a consistent increase during the period studied.

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Gillman, Mark A. "Mini-Review: A Brief History of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Use in Neuropsychiatry." Current Drug Research Reviews 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711666181008163107.

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Background: Joseph Priestley’s discovery of nitrous oxide (N2O) was recorded in 1772. In the late 1790’s, Humphry Davy experimented with the psychotropic properties of N2O, describing his observations in a book, published in 1800. A dentist, Horace Wells discovered anaesthesia with N2O in 1844. Over a century after Davy, its potential usefulness in psychiatry was first recognised. The seminal researches in neuropsychiatry, between 1920 and 1950, mainly used anaesthetic concentrations of the gas. The psychotropic actions of N2O, at non-anaesthetic doses, were first used by dentists, mainly for its anxiolytic action. In modern dentistry, N2O is always mixed with at least 30% oxygen and titrated to doses rarely exceeding 40% of N2O. At these lower concentrations, untoward effects are almost always avoided, including over-sedation and/or anaesthesia. In the early 1980’s, the low-dose dental titration technique was first used to investigate and treat psychiatric conditions, including substance abuse. Until then, most physicians regarded the gas only as an anaesthetic agent. An exception was obstetricians who used a fixed 50% concentration of N2O diluted with oxygen for analgesia during parturition. In 1994, to clearly distinguish between anaesthetic and non-anaesthetic concentrations (as used in dentistry), the term Psychotropic Analgesic Nitrous oxide (PAN) was introduced. Objective: This paper will give a brief history of the use of the N2O in psychiatry since the psychotropic actions were first recognised in the 18th century until the present. Conclusion: The role of other non- opioid systems, and the extent to which they contribute to the psychotropic properties of N2O, still remains to be established.

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Maidana, Merlyn dos Santos, Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes, Samuel de Carvalho Dumith, and Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior. "Prevalence and factors associated to the use of illicit drugs and psychotropic medications among brazilian undergraduates." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 42 (February 27, 2020): e46774. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.46774.

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The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of use of psychoactive substances (PS) and its associated factors in undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. The study was carried out with 830 undergraduate students in the year 2016. The individuals answered a self-administered questionnaire about the PS and its prevalence of daily use, in the last 30 days or at any time of their lives, as well as socioeconomic conditions and academic variables. Caffeine-based energy drinks was the most consumed psychoactive substance (96.3%) among undergraduates in the last 30 days, followed by alcohol (64.0%). Among the illicit drugs most consumed in the last 30 days was marijuana (17.3%), while anxiolytics and amphetamines were the most prevalent psychoactive medicaments in the last 30 days. The prevalence of lifetime illicit drugs used by these students was 41.5%, where we highlight besides marijuana (38.6%) the high consumption of cocaine (7.8%), ecstasy (9.3%) and solvents. Socioeconomic and demographic factors such as gender, have children, religion, and financial background as well as academic variables were associated to recent consumption of these substances. This study concluded there is a high prevalence of use of PS among the undergraduate students, including illicit drugs.

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Tam, Hau-lin, Angela Wai-yan Shik, and Shirley Siu-ling Lam. "Using expressive arts in relapse prevention of young psychotropic substance abusers in Hong Kong." Children and Youth Services Review 60 (January 2016): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.11.022.

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Swenson, Rebecca S., and Kathleen Murphy-Ende. "Prolonged QT Interval in Patients Receiving Psychotropic Medications." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319873049.

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INTRODUCTION: Prolonged QT interval (PQTI) is a cardiac condition widely documented in the mental health literature and linked to psychotropic medication use. Medications notable for contributing to the condition are antipsychotics, antidepressants, and some mood stabilizers. Although additional medication classes and other contributing risk factors are often present, the prudent mental health provider benefits from having a basic understanding of this condition and how to prevent and manage it with safe prescribing practices. AIMS: This guide seeks to provide mental health prescribers with a basic understanding of the risk factors, pathophysiology, identification, and management of PQTI. METHOD: Relevant literature and practice guidelines were reviewed and summarized with a focus on practical interventions for the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP). RESULTS: One of the primary contributing factors to PQTI development and complications is polypharmacy. Patients with co-occurring medical, mental health, and/or substance use disorders may receive medications from multiple providers. Anticancer drugs, antiarrhythmic medications, and even a number of common antibiotics can increase the QT interval, making it a challenge for even the most experienced mental health provider to monitor medication interactions and side effects that contribute to PQTI. Having a sound knowledge base of these factors can guide safe PMHNP practice. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-making trees grounded in evidence-based research were developed in order to direct thorough assessment and safe treatment of patients requiring psychotropic medications.

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Pawer, Samantha, Fahra Rajabali, Alex Zheng, Jennifer Smith, Roy Purssell, and Ian Pike. "Analyses of Child and Youth Self-Poisoning Hospitalizations by Substance and Socioeconomic Status." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137003.

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Child and youth self-poisoning is a growing public health issue in many regions of the world, including British Columbia (BC), Canada, where 15–19-year-olds have the highest rates of self-poisoning hospitalizations compared with those of all other ages. The purpose of this study was to identify what substances children and youth commonly used to poison themselves in BC and how socioeconomic status may impact self-poisoning risk. Self-poisoning hospitalization rates among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2020 were calculated by substance using ICD-10-CA codes X60-X69 and T36-T65, as well as by socioeconomic status using the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec’s Deprivation Index. Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics, and antirheumatics were the most common substances involved, with rates of 27.6 and 74.3 per 100,000 population among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds, respectively, followed by antiepileptic, sedative–hypnotic, antiparkinsonism, and psychotropic drugs, with rates of 20.2 and 68.1 per 100,000 population among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds, respectively. In terms of socioeconomic status, rates were highest among 10–19-year-olds living in neighbourhoods with the fewest social connections (243.7 per 100,000 population). These findings can inform poisoning prevention strategies and relevant policies, thereby reducing the number of self-poisoning events among children and youth.

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Gomes da Costa, S., O. Yanina Pasini, B. Maside Oliete, and M. M. Balcells Olivero. "Substance use disorders: Baclofen as a promising drug." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1018.

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IntroductionBaclofen, a drug currently used in the treatment of spasticity, has been reported to be useful in reducing the intensity of withdrawal symptoms of substance use disorders of alcohol or other psychotropic drugs.ObjectivesWith our clinical case we aim to demonstrate that baclofen reduces severe withdrawal symptoms and also helps to achieve and maintain abstinence in severe cases, in agreement with the current literature.Aims/methodsWe present a clinical case of a 68 year-old patient with alcohol use disorder since his childhood, with familiar antecedents, multiples relapses and associated organic pathology such as alcoholic polyneuropathy and Wernicke syndrome. We used to high doses of baclofen to reduce the craving and withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, we searched in PubMed for more case reports and for a systematic review of the efficacy and tolerability of baclofen.ResultsWe were able to demonstrate that high doses of baclofen can be useful in resistant cases of substance use disorders like alcoholism. For our case study, we obtained positive results with a large remission, in comparison with the previous detoxications, with doses up to 150 mg/day.ConclusionsWe conclude that baclofen is an interesting alternative for resistant cases, with a good outcome and tolerability, in complicated patients, with important organic repercussions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Gold, Alexandra K., Amy T. Peters, Michael W. Otto, Louisa G. Sylvia, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhaes, Michael Berk, Darin D. Dougherty, et al. "The impact of substance use disorders on recovery from bipolar depression: Results from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder psychosocial treatment trial." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 9 (July 26, 2018): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418788172.

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Objective: Up to 60% of patients with bipolar disorder develop a substance use disorder during their lifetime. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of substance use disorders on depression recovery among bipolar patients randomly assigned to different psychotropic medications and psychosocial interventions. We hypothesized that patients with a comorbid substance use disorder would benefit less from psychotherapy regardless of treatment intensity/length compared to patients without a comorbid substance use disorder. Method: We conducted post hoc analyses among bipolar disorder patients ( n = 270) with and without comorbid substance use disorders enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder randomized psychosocial intervention trial. All patients entered during or shortly after the onset of a bipolar depressive episode. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess whether current or past substance use disorders moderated the response of patients to intensive psychosocial intervention or brief psychoeducation with collaborative care, operationalized as full recovery from an episode of bipolar depression. Results: Current comorbid substance use disorders significantly predicted likelihood of recovery (odds ratio = 2.25, p = 0.025) and time to recovery (odds ratio = 1.71, p = 0.006) from bipolar depression. We found that 74.5% of patients with a current substance use disorder, compared to 56.5% without a current substance use disorder, recovered from bipolar depression. Past substance use disorders did not predict likelihood of recovery or time to recovery. Current substance use disorders did not significantly moderate response to intensive psychotherapy versus collaborative care. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypotheses, bipolar disorder participants with a current comorbid substance use disorder were more likely to recover from psychosocial treatment for bipolar depression than patients without a current comorbid substance use disorder. If this finding is replicated, it has implications for the ordering of treatment for patients with comorbid bipolar disorder and substance use disorders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Psychotropic substance'

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