Academic literature on the topic 'Psycological needs'

9551 Background: Sarcoma are rare tumors, with an incidence <1% of all neoplasms. Very few data are available on the clinical and psychological needs of the pts in terminal phase of these diseases. In terminal phase the goal is no more cure or prolongation of life, but the control of symptoms related to the disease progression. Methods: As a specialized interdisciplinary group we have started to treat the pts afflicted from soft tissue and bone sarcomas since 1994. We have recorded in a perspective study the problems of the terminal pts from 1998 until 2005. We have followed 178 pts with sarcomas in terminal phase for at least 3 months: 95 males and 83 females, median age 57 years, median PS 50 Karnofsky. Histologically 143 had soft tissue sarcomas, 28 osteosarcomas, 7 Ewing sarcomas. Extremities were the origin of the disease in 33.7% of the cases, abdomen in 29.2%, trunk in 21.9% and other sites in 15.2%. Site of recorded metastases: lung 48.3%, liver 18.5%, bone 15.7%, brain 7.9%, nodes 4.5%. Inoperable primary tumors or local relapse 30.9%. Results: During the last part (1 months) of their lives the pts complained with: pain 78.7%, dyspnoea 48.9%, anxiety 16.9%, gastrointestinal obstruction 24.7%, anorexia 51.1%, bleeding 7.9%. 57.3% of these pts died at home, 42.7% at the hospital. To control pain, dyspnoea and the other symptoms radiotherapy (43%), supportive care (100%) and palliative chemotherapy (36%) were used. Psycological support was offered to the majority of pts (63.5%) as well as physical rehabilitation (56.8%). Conclusions: Supportive care of pts with advanced sarcomas is an underestimated aspect in clinical oncology. We have demonstrated that these pts have specific needs, on some aspects, different from those of the pts afflicted from the most common cancers. A complex, multidisciplinary approach is necessary in order to improve the assistance and quality of life of these pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Treatment and care of terminal cancer patients are conducted in different ways, according to the cultural, social, political and economical situations of the countries which have progressively adopted and developed them. In Italy there are no specialized structures such as « hospices » or the « palliative care units » like in the Anglo-Saxon world: the care of terminal cancer patients is carried out either in a general hospital or at their own home. In Milan and elsewhere there are home care teams in which doctors, nurses, social workers and volunteers, all work in connection with hospital structures. In this way, patients can receive specialized care for physical, psycological and social problems at home too. To evaluate costs and effectiveness of this program, a comparison was made between the home care and the conventional treatment carried out in general hospitals. Two groups of thirty terminal cancer patients have been studied: the first group was composed of hospital patients in Desio and the second one included patients cared for by the home care service organized by the Floriani Foundation and the Italian League against Cancer (Milan Section). We evaluated intensity and duration of pain, hours of sleep and hours of standing, sitting and lying, presence of side-effects, performance status and therapies. Data were also collected on the quality of life (Spitzer QLI), social and economical needs of the patients, type and quality of care, degree of awareness of the diagnosis by the patient and the family. This data were collected by the nurse who looked after the patient. Care costs were also quantified. The comparison between the two groups significantly favours the home care group as shown by the performance status after 2 weeks of care, the « health scale » and the Total Index of the Spitzer QLI and in general the greater satisfaction of the care received. Home care produces results equivalent to those achieved in hospitals as far as clinical parameters are concerned. An approximate quantification of the costs shows that an average cost for a day's home care was about Lit. 52,500 as compared with Lit. 360,000 for a day's hospitalization.

156 Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of attention at the INCan. In 2012, 44,761 medical consults were given therefore 19,584 (44%) of those by breast cancer oncologists. The increasing percentage of patients could be associated with a quality attention deficit, crowded waiting room and a shorter time for consultations affecting patient communication and education. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality attention given by breast cancer service with the purpose to design different strategies in order to improve quality and cordiality with our patients. Methods: Self-response surveys had been applied to patients with breast cancer at INCan. The variables investigated were demographic characteristics including age, education level, marital status and date of diagnosis. Also variables related with the quality of our medical and paramedical attention, global care support and the waiting time before consultations were asked. Results: 259 patients were interviewed, the median age was 50 years old (17-88), only 18% of them achieved university degree and 28.7% had less than elementary education. One third of our population lived in Mexico City; the rest of them came from different states from the center and south of the country. The waiting time in average was 2 hours (10 min -7 hours). Regarding to attention quality, 28% considered that waiting time should be shorter, 22% answered that doctor-patient relationship needs to improve. In this aspect, the main aspects to improve are: give information in detail including the patient and their relatives; a better explanation about their disease and treatment and also information about diet and physical activity, among others is needed. Finally, 9.3% suggested improvement in nursery service. Conclusions: The results showed that our effort is satisfactory. However our main goal is to improve our medical assistance. It has been proven that patient education and higher satisfaction level improves their adherence and the knowledge related to handle adverse effects of their treatment. Our proposals include psycological-educative strategies easy to understand. Enhance medical services to improve physician-patient relationship. We will keep looking forward about the efficiency of these strategies.

<p><em>Mualaf</em> is the term to represent people who just moves to Islam from other religion. <em>Mualaf</em> Center is an important place for <em>mualaf</em> to get information about Islam. There are some reasons and factors that make a not-Moslem hesitates about their religion and decides to move to Islam. These circumstances make them need a psychological and economical guidance as the effects after they become <em>mualaf</em>. There are 6.3% from total citizen becomes <em>mualaf</em> in Malaysia. This number is in the not-Moslem society, so the effect of becoming <em>mualaf</em> can be perceived especially the psychological and economical effects. Therefore, <em>mualaf</em> center can be a good place for <em>mualaf</em> to get a guidance and consultation. This paper discusses <em>mualaf</em> center design based on the issues and problems about <em>mualaf</em> in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to find a recommendation design for <em>mualaf</em> center based on the issue in Malaysia. The discussion uses literature study method which will be analyzed descriptively. So the result of the discussion is a summary of design criteria that proper with the issue. This design criterion will be integrated using relevant design theme approach, i.e. sustainable architecture. The design criteria that is already integrated is the availability of guidance and consultation facilities, also entrepreneur practice facility toward psychological and economical effects. With by the guidance in this <em>mualaf</em> center, the <em>mualaf</em> will be capable of adapting to the social environment around them and also can rebuild their economic life as before in islamic ways<em>.</em></p>

In teaching English Language, self-confidence is one psycological aspect that play crucial role for the students. Self-confidence is the positive power or willingness that has a good effect for students during conversation or discussion. Willingness is created when students clearly comprehend what to do and why. Optimism is a mental attitude, optimism is a form of positive thinking that includes the belief that you are responsible for your own happiness (Keller; 2010). To lift the students’ self-confidence in learning English, English language materials that based on the context or real world need to be used in the teaching and learning process. This paper is aimed at knowing the effect English language material which is based on contextual teaching learning towards students’ self confidence in learning English. To achieve this purpose, the students were taught using English language material which is based on contextual teaching learning before the speaking test was taken at the end. To analyze the data t-test was applied. The data analysis shows that students’ self confidence in learning English is improved but it doesn’t give significantly affect towards the students’ self-confidence.

RESUMENEl rendimiento académico de los estudiantes depende de una serie de factores principalmente internos al estudiante; dentro de los cuales los hábitos de estudio juegan un rol muy importante, así como la motivación de los estudiantes y el locus de control. En el presente trabajo, se hace un estudio de la relación entre rendimiento académico, hábitos de estudio, motivación y locus de control; analizando la incidencia de las tres últimas variables sobre la primera. Para lo cual se aplica la técnica de la encuesta así como escalas de motivación, de hábitos de estudio y de locus de control; analizando los resultados con el empleo de técnicas estadísticas como el análisis de correlación, el análisis de varianza y el análisis de correlación. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los hábitos de estudio, así como la motivación hacia la afiliación y la motivación al logro inciden significativamente en el rendimiento académico de la muestra, conformada por estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas.Palabras clave.- Rendimiento académico, Hábitos de estudio, Necesidad de logro, Necesidad de filiación, Necesidad de poder, Locus-D control.ABSTRACTThe academic performance of students depends on a number of factors, mostly psycological; within which studying habits play an important role, as well as student motivation and locus of control. In this work, a study of the relationship between academic performance, study habits, motivation and locus of control is made; analyzing the impact of the last three variables over the first. For which the survey technique is applied and scales of motivation, study habits and locus of control; analyzing the results with the use of statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The study results show that the study habits and motivation for affiliation and motivation to achieve significant impact on the academic performance of the sample, formed by students of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering.Key words.- Academic performance, Study habits, Need for achievement, Need for affiliation, Need for power, Control-D locus.

RESUMENEl rendimiento académico de los estudiantes depende de una serie de factores principalmente internos al estudiante; dentro de los cuales los hábitos de estudio juegan un rol muy importante, así como la motivación de los estudiantes y el locus de control. En el presente trabajo, se hace un estudio de la relación entre rendimiento académico, hábitos de estudio, motivación y locus de control; analizando la incidencia de las tres últimas variables sobre la primera. Para lo cual se aplica la técnica de la encuesta así como escalas de motivación, de hábitos de estudio y de locus de control; analizando los resultados con el empleo de técnicas estadísticas como el análisis de correlación, el análisis de varianza y el análisis de correlación. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los hábitos de estudio, así como la motivación hacia la afiliación y la motivación al logro inciden significativamente en el rendimiento académico de la muestra, conformada por estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas.Palabras clave.- Rendimiento académico, Hábitos de estudio, Necesidad de logro, Necesidad de filiación, Necesidad de poder, Locus-D control.ABSTRACTThe academic performance of students depends on a number of factors, mostly psycological; within which studying habits play an important role, as well as student motivation and locus of control. In this work, a study of the relationship between academic performance, study habits, motivation and locus of control is made; analyzing the impact of the last three variables over the first. For which the survey technique is applied and scales of motivation, study habits and locus of control; analyzing the results with the use of statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The study results show that the study habits and motivation for affiliation and motivation to achieve significant impact on the academic performance of the sample, formed by students of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering.Key words.- Academic performance, Study habits, Need for achievement, Need for affiliation, Need for power, Control-D locus.

RESUMENEl rendimiento académico de los estudiantes depende de una serie de factores principalmente internos al estudiante; dentro de los cuales los hábitos de estudio juegan un rol muy importante, así como la motivación de los estudiantes y el locus de control. En el presente trabajo, se hace un estudio de la relación entre rendimiento académico, hábitos de estudio, motivación y locus de control; analizando la incidencia de las tres últimas variables sobre la primera. Para lo cual se aplica la técnica de la encuesta así como escalas de motivación, de hábitos de estudio y de locus de control; analizando los resultados con el empleo de técnicas estadísticas como el análisis de correlación, el análisis de varianza y el análisis de correlación. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los hábitos de estudio, así como la motivación hacia la afiliación y la motivación al logro inciden significativamente en el rendimiento académico de la muestra, conformada por estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas.Palabras clave.- Rendimiento académico, Hábitos de estudio, Necesidad de logro, Necesidad de filiación, Necesidad de poder, Locus-D control.ABSTRACTThe academic performance of students depends on a number of factors, mostly psycological; within which studying habits play an important role, as well as student motivation and locus of control. In this work, a study of the relationship between academic performance, study habits, motivation and locus of control is made; analyzing the impact of the last three variables over the first. For which the survey technique is applied and scales of motivation, study habits and locus of control; analyzing the results with the use of statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The study results show that the study habits and motivation for affiliation and motivation to achieve significant impact on the academic performance of the sample, formed by students of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering.Keywords.- Academic performance, Study habits, Need for achievement, Need for affiliation, Need for power, Control-D locus.

<p><em>Designing Interactive Pluit Reservoir Park motivated by the needs unmet green space in the city of Jakarta. The existence of green space can be function as a public space by residents. Public space is a container that takes residents to interact socially in outer space. Pluit Reservoir ia a new green space that also has another function as a public space. Green open space in the middle of the urban environment helps to improve the climate and environment of the city. Design issues is the need for Jakarta residents of an ideal public space can not be fully met by local governments such as the activities housed, circulation, utilities, as well as physical and psycological comfort. Design method used is based on the theory of an ideal open space concept. Ideal open space concept obtained through environmental comfort, convenience visitor psychology, the need of relaxation, active activities, and passive activities within the park. These criteris are the basis for the design of Interactive at Pluit Reservoir Park. The result obtained are design Interactive park that can accommodate not only residents but also social needs, make room for plants to grow and thrive for the preservation and welfare of the citizens of Jakarta.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><strong>Keyword : </strong>City Green Space, Interactive Park, Public space<br /></em></p>

Syftet med den här studien syftar till att synliggöra möjliga samband mellan barns umgänge med djur och barnets lärande i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv.

Genom litteraturstudier analyserades vilka faktorer som påverkar barns utveckling och lärande. Vidare genomfördes en enkätundersökning i 2 klasser i år 6, vilket visade enskilda elevers kontakt med djur. Detta jämfördes med bedömningar av varje elevs lärande, gjorda av en lärare i teoretiska ämnen och en lärare i sociala och motoriska ämnen.

Resultaten diskuterades utifrån teorier om lärande, barns umgänge med djur samt barns behov att utvecklas psykologiskt, kognitivt och socialt. Genom teorin synliggjordes att barn tillsammans med djur har bättre chanser att erhålla ett starkt självförtroende, samt att de blir vana vid ansvar. Vidare bidrar umgänget med djur till fler kommunikativa situationer samt att barns hälsa främjas. Studier om barns behov visade att dessa fördelar i umgänget med djur torde göra att barns utveckling gagnas.

Resultat från analysen av enkäterna tillsammans med bedömningarna från lärarna, visar samband som tyder på att tiden barn tillbringar med djur skulle kunna påverka barns lärande positivt.

The purpose of this work is to show possible connections between children’s interaction with animals and the child’s learning in a sociocultural perspective.

Through literature studies proceeded analyses about what issues affect a child’s development and learning. Furthermore was an opinion poll made to discover the pupils contact with animals in two classes in the sixth grade. This was compared with a review on each pupil’s learning, made by one teacher in theoretical subjects and one teacher in social and mobility subjects.

The result was discussed from theories about learning, children’s interaction with animals and children’s needs for psychological, cognitive and social development.

The discussion showed that children together with animals get better opportunities to develop a stronger confidence, and get used to responsibility. It also showed that the interaction with animals also contribute to more communicative situations and a better health for the child. Studies about children’s needs indicated that these advantages could have good influence on the child’s development.

The results from the opinion-polls together with the teachers reviews, interprets that pupils who engage with animals for a longer period a day could possibly show a higher grade of adequate learning than the ones who didn’t.

Intergroup discrimination is a pervasive fact of life and many factors are proposed to contribute or relate to its existence and expression (e.g. Staub, 2001). Though much research in social psychology has focused on the need for positive self-esteem as an underlying motive, in the past 25 years, evidence for the role of self-esteem in intergroup discrimination has at best proved contradictory (see Long & Spears, 1997; Rubin & Hewstone, 1998). More recently, other motivational constructs for human behaviour have been proposed to play a part in intergroup discrimination (e.g. Abrams & Hogg, 2001). This thesis focuses on the need to belong (or belongingness) as this has long been recognised as a basic human need (e.g. Horney, 1945) and recently, evidence has been provided to support this assumption (e.g. Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Thus the present thesis argues that as a fundamental need, the need to belong (NTB) would be expected to play a role in intergroup discrimination. In support of this assumption, results from some empirical studies are also highly suggestive of a link between intergroup discrimination and the NTB (e.g. Marques & Paez, 1994), though the current research programme is the first to explicitly examine this link. Seven experiments employing the same basic methodology were conducted to investigate the central hypothesis that engaging in intergroup discrimination decreases the NTB. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. Experiments 2 and 3 found that the NTB decreased for New Zealanders who engaged in intergroup discrimination and Experiment 7 found that members of a minimally socially important group showed a decrease in the NTB following intergroup discrimination when measured at a group level, but not at the personal level. Experiment 1 (Chapter 5) investigated the central hypothesis utilizing the minimal group paradigm (MGP). Despite participants exhibiting intergroup discrimination when given the opportunity, there was no significant change in their reported NTB. Thus the results of this experiment did not support the central hypothesis. Experiment 2 (Chapter 6) investigated whether the central hypothesis would be supported if participants were members of a realistic and meaningful social group category (i.e. New Zealanders). Results from this experiment showed that those participants who exhibited intergroup discrimination did in fact show a significant decrease in their NTB. Experiment 3 (Chapter 7) sought to replicate these results and to control for self-esteem effects utilizing New Zealand participants. Again, results supported the central hypothesis and no effect was found for either global or collective self-esteem. To test whether this result would generalize to other social categories, Experiment 4 (Chapter 8) tested whether the NTB would be decreased after women participants engaged in intergroup discrimination. Results found there was no significant difference in the NTB between women who engaged in discrimination and those who did not. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiment 2 and 3 were not supported. To then investigate whether social influence accounted for the contradictory results from Experiments 1-4, Experiment 5 (Chapter 9) required women to publicly or privately state their intergroup discrimination. No significant changes were found in the NTB (from pre- to post- allocation task) for either private or public responding conditions, whether women engaged in intergroup discrimination or not. It was then assessed whether the importance to participants of the social identity in question was a factor. Experiments 6a and 6b (Chapter 10; women and men respectively) compared the NTB of participants with low identification with their social group, to high identifying participants. For both women and men, no significant changes were found in the NTB from pre- to post-allocation task for either high or low identifiers, regardless of whether they engaged in intergroup discrimination. Thus the central hypothesis was again not supported. Finally in Experiment 7, the NTB measure was re-evaluated and items were changed to be more group-oriented, compared to the original more individually-oriented items. The procedure used for Experiment 1 (i.e. MGP) was employed for Experiment 7 (Chapter 11) with participants completing both the personal and group versions of the NTB scale. The results for the modified group NTB scale showed that for participants who engaged in intergroup discrimination, group NTB decreased significantly from pre- to post- allocation task, compared with no significant change for those participants who did not engage in discrimination. No effects were found for either control or experimental participants� responses on the original NTB scale. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiments 2 and 3 were supported. Furthermore, as was found for earlier experiments, there was no effect of either personal or collective self-esteem on the results for Experiments 4- 7. Taken overall, these results indicate that there may be a relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong and that this may be most appropriately assessed using a group level measure of the NTB. Moreover, these results cannot be explained on the basis of self-esteem. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 may also indicate that if the social group category is meaningful enough for the individual (e.g. nationality), significant changes for the NTB at the personal level may occur. Despite the limitations of the present research, these results indicate that the investigation of the relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong may further elucidate the underlying nature of prejudice. A number of possible directions for future research are discussed.