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Journal articles on the topic 'PTC catalyst'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sankarshana, T., J. Soujanya, and A. Anil Kumar. "Triphase Catalysis Using Silica Gel as Support." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, no. 1 (2013): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2013-0007.

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Abstract The oxidation reaction of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol with potassium permanganate in the presence and absence of silica-gel-supported phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in triphasic conditions was studied. In a batch reactor, the performance of the solid-supported catalysts was compared with unsupported catalyst and without the catalyst. The effect of speed of agitation, catalyst concentration, potassium permanganate concentration and temperature on reaction rate was studied. The reaction is found to be in the kinetic regime. The rate of reaction with the catalyst immobilised on the silica gel was l

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2

Wang, Hui, Hongfei Lin, Xiaohu Li, et al. "Application of Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Esterification of Organic Acids: The Primary Products from Ring Hydrocarbon Oxidation Processes." Catalysts 9, no. 10 (2019): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100851.

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For enhancing the cetane number (CN) of diesel fraction, the selective oxidative ring opening method was applied to upgrade ring hydrocarbons. Organic acids, one of the main products from this oxidative reaction, being esterified by the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) approach were studied. Adipic acid, benzoic acid, and phthalic acid were used as model compounds. Reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of water, and the amount of catalyst in the esterification process were investigated and optimized using orthogonal experimental design method. The kinetics of esterification process was

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3

Ye, Hongli, Tianci Wang, Shuangxi Liu, Cui Zhang, and Youqiong Cai. "Fabrication of Pt-Loaded Catalysts Supported on the Functionalized Pyrolytic Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Tires for the High Performance Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane and Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020211.

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The pyrolytic activated carbon derived from waste tires (PTC) was functionalized to fabricate the high performance of Pt-based catalysts in the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane and hydrogen production. Structural characterizations evidenced that the modification partially influenced the surface area, the pore structure, and the oxygen-containing functional groups of the supports. The techniques of CO pulse, transmission electron microscopy, and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction were utilized to investigate the dispersion degrees and particle sizes of the active component Pt, and it

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4

Lóránt, Bálint, Krisztina László, and Gábor Márk Tardy. "Improving the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells with Modified Carbon Aerogel Based Cathode Catalysts." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18854.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are capable of converting the chemical energy of biodegradable organic matter directly into electricity, thus they can be applied in various fields: waste elimination, biosensor industry and production of renewable energy. In this study, the efficiency of noble metal free carbon aerogel based cathode catalysts was investigated and compared to plain glassy carbon cloth without catalyst (CC ) and platinum containing carbon powder catalyst ( PtC ) in H-type MFCs. Surface extension by carbon aerogel (CA ) enhanced the maximum power density by 34 % compared to CC, to 14.

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5

Depreux, P., and A. Marcincal-Lefebvre. "Application des conditions de réaction par transfert de phase à la synthèse d'amino-éthers dérivés du trans phénoxy-2 cyclohexanol." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 3 (1986): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-101.

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Amino-ethers of trans-2-phenoxycyclohexanol were prepared by methods involving anhydrous conditions (sodium alkoxides in xylene) or phase transfer catalysis conditions (liquid–liquid or solid–liquid two-phase systems). Various factors were optimized. In the liquid–liquid two-phase system, when no catalyst was added, reaction proceeds with comparable or even better yields than with some PTC catalysts, a quaternary salt being formed insitu. It was shown that the deprotonation of ROH takes place at the interface, since there was no OH− extraction in organic medium and the yield depends on the sti

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6

Margi, Nikhil H., and Ganapati D. Yadav. "Design and Development of Novel Continuous Flow Stirred Multiphase Reactor: Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysed Synthesis of Guaiacol Glycidyl Ether." Processes 8, no. 10 (2020): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101271.

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Phase transfer catalysed (PTC) reactions are used in several pharmaceutical and fine chemical industrial processes. We have developed a novel stirred tank reactor (Yadav reactor) to conduct batch and continuous liquid–liquid–liquid (L-L-L) PTC reactions. The reactor had a provision of using three independent stirrers for each phase, thereby having complete control over the rate of mass transfer across the two interfaces. In the continuous mode of operation, the top and bottom phases were continuously fed into the reactor while the middle phase was used as a batch. All three stirrers were used

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7

Lewandowski, Grzegorz. "Comparison of the methods of the phase transfer catalysis and hydroperoxide in the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (2007): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0065-0.

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Comparison of the methods of the phase transfer catalysis and hydroperoxide in the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene The process of the epoxidation of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) with the 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide under the phase transfer conditions and with tert-butyl hydroperoxide under the homogeneous conditions was investigated. Onium salts such as Aliquat® 336, Arquad® 2HT, methyltrioctylammonium bromide and the Na2WO4/H3PO4 catalyst system are very active under the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions for the sele

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8

José da Silva, Márcio, and Lidiane Faria dos Santos. "Novel Oxidative Desulfurization of a Model Fuel with H2O2 Catalyzed by AlPMo12O40 under Phase Transfer Catalyst-Free Conditions." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2013 (June 12, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147945.

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A novel process was developed for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) using only Keggin heteropolyacids and their aluminum salts as catalysts. Reactions were performed in biphasic mixtures of isooctane/acetonitrile, with dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model sulfur compound and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Remarkably, only the AlPMo12O40-catalyzed reactions resulted in complete oxidation of DBT into DBT sulfone, which was totally extracted by acetonitrile, reducing the sulfur content of isooctane from the 1000 ppm to <1 ppm. Ranking of catalyst

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9

Kopeć, Daniel, Stefan Baj, and Agnieszka Siewniak. "Ultrasound-Assisted Green Synthesis of Dialkyl Peroxides under Phase-Transfer Catalysis Conditions." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010118.

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The dialkyl peroxides, which contain a thermally unstable oxygen–oxygen bond, are an important source of radical initiators and cross-linking agents. New efficient and green methods for their synthesis are still being sought. Herein, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of dialkyl peroxides from alkyl hydroperoxides and alkyl bromides in the presence of an aqueous solution of an inorganic base was systematically studied under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions. The process run in a tri-liquid system in which polyethylene glycol as a phase-transfer catalyst formed a third liquid phase between t

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10

Jiang, Guanyu, Xinduo Sun, Fanrui Zhou, Kun Liang, and Qian Chen. "Chiral Quaternary Ammoniums Derived from Dehydroabietylamine: Synthesis and Application to Alkynylation of Isatin Derivatives Catalyzed by Silver." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (2021): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121479.

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Abietic acid and its derivatives have broadly been used in fine chemicals and are renewable resources. Its inherent chiral rigid tricyclic phenanthrene skeleton is unique. Its utilities in asymmetric catalysis remain to be explored. A series new amide-type chiral quaternary ammoniums bearing dehydroabietylamine were designed, and prepared by two convenient steps. Acylation of dehydroabietylamine with bromoacetyl chloride afforded amide holding bromoacetyl group in higher yields using triethyl amine as base. Subsequent quaternization reaction gave the desired amide-type chiral quaternary ammoni

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11

El-Sayed, Ahmed M., Omyma A. Abd Allah, Ahmed M. M. El-Saghier, and Shaaban K. Mohamed. "Synthesis and Reactions of Five-Membered Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Techniques." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163074.

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Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds particularly in both liquid-liquid and solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction mixtures. They are known to accelerate reaction rates by facilitating formation of interphase transfer of species and making reactions between reagents in two immiscible phases possible. Application of PTC instead of traditional technologies for industrial processes of organic synthesis provides substantial benefits for the environment. On the basis of numerous reports it is evident that phase-transfer catalysis is the most effi

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12

Sharma, Priti, and Yoel Sasson. "Highly active g-C3N4 as a solid base catalyst for knoevenagel condensation reaction under phase transfer conditions." RSC Advances 7, no. 41 (2017): 25589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03051g.

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13

Zhang, Zhiyin, Huimin Hu, Jie Yang, et al. "Experimental Study and Optimization Analysis of Operating Conditions on Photo-Thermochemical Cycle of Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production Based on CeO2 Catalyst." Energies 17, no. 24 (2024): 6314. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246314.

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The photo-thermochemical cycle (PTC) for water splitting offers a sustainable method for hydrogen production by efficiently utilizing solar energy. This study explored the use of CeO2 as a catalyst in the PTC system to enhance hydrogen yield. A nanostructured CeO2 catalyst was synthesized via the sol-gel method, achieving an H2 yield of 8.35 μmol g−1 h−1. Stability tests over five cycles showed consistent yields between 7.22 and 8.35 μmol g−1 h−1. Analysis revealed that oxygen vacancies (VOs) increased after the photoreaction and depleted during the thermal reaction, which aligns with the expe

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14

Xing, Panfei, Yiming Niu, Jiacheng Li, et al. "A phase-transfer catalyst-based nanoreactor for accelerated hydrogen sulfide bio-imaging." Nanoscale 13, no. 45 (2021): 19049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr04931c.

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15

Manas, Chakrabarty, and Mukherji Ajanta. "Eco-friendly synthesis of condensed nitrogen heterocycles A brief experience from our group." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Oct 2013 (2013): 1681–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5791819.

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Formerly, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 9311, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, India <em>E-mail </em>: chakmanas09@gmail.com Department of Chemistry, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar-741 101, Nadia, West Bengal, India <em>Manuscript received 05 July 2013. accepted 06 July 2013</em> In order to develop eco-friendly syntheses of condensed nitrogen heterocycles, solvent-free syntheses on solid acidic catalysts and aqueous reactions using a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) were successfully carried out. The catalysts used were (i) TLC-grade silica gel G (SiO<sub>2</

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16

Kannan, R., A. A. Silva, F. M. Cardoso, et al. "Study of FePt deposited reduced graphene oxide's utility as a catalyst towards oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions." RSC Advances 5, no. 46 (2015): 36993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05418d.

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17

Dehmlow, Eckehard V., and Gagik O. Torossian. "Notizen: Regioselectivity Control of Thiocyanate Benzylation by the Structure of Phase Transfer Catalysts [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 7 (1990): 1091–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0731.

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Solid/liquid phase transfer catalytic conversions of KSCN and benzyl chloride at 180 °C give thiocyanate/isothiocyanate ratios depending on catalyst structure. Liquid/liquid PTC at 100 °C yields thiocyanate exclusively.

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18

Wu, Guang Feng, and Shan Shan Cao. "The Synthesis of 2-Oxo-1-Pyrrole Alkyl Propionitrile." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.36.

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The nucleophilic addition reaction was happened between 2-pyrrolidone and acrylonitrile in the toluene solvent using the PTC and sodium hydroxide respectively as phase transfer agent and catalyst. The nitrile fraction which seemed as pale yellow liquid was obtained by rectification. The effect of types and amount of PTC on gas chromatographic purity and yield of product were studied. The results showed that a better product could be obtained by using BTEAC as the catalyst compared to the CTAB and TBA. The optimum experimental condition was determined by the orthogonal experimental method. The

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19

Su, Yong-Liang, Yu-Hui Li, Yu-Gen Chen та Zhi-Yong Han. "Ir/PTC cooperatively catalyzed asymmetric umpolung allylation of α-imino ester enabled synthesis of α-quaternary amino acid derivatives bearing two vicinal stereocenters". Chemical Communications 53, № 12 (2017): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc09654a.

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A novel Ir/PTC (phase-transfer catalyst) cooperatively catalyzed asymmetric umpolung allylation of simple α-imino esters is developed and it provides facile access to α-quaternary amino acid derivatives bearing two vicinal stereocenters.

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20

Niedziejko-Ćwiertnia, Paulina, Anna Karolina Drabczyk, Damian Kułaga, et al. "Environmentally Friendly Green O-Alkylation Reaction for Ethenzamide Synthesis." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031342.

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Ethenzamide (2-ethoxybenzamide), besides acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the mostly used salicylic acid derivatives in pharmaceuticals. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that originate from the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity, thus blocking prostaglandin synthesis. In this work, efficient and eco-friendly methods were developed for the synthesis of ethenzamide via the O-alkylation reaction of salicylamide. The reactions were carried out under conventional conditions in a solvent-free system using variant solvents and different phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in the pr

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21

Hailegiorgis, Sintayehu Mekuria, Mahadzir Shuhaimi, and Duvvuri Subbarao. "Microwave Energy Pretreated In Situ Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas L in the Presence of Phase Transfer Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.267.

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In the present work, microwave heat pretreatment of jatropha curcas seed particles and use of phase transfer catalyst (PTC) to enhance in-situ transesterification were utilized together. It was observed that use of alkaline BTMAOH as a PTC and microwave heat pretreatment of jatropha curcas seed particles had substantially increased the reaction rate of in-situ transesterification as compared to the reaction conducted with microwave untreated seeds in the absence of BTMAOH as a PTC. Statistical model equation was developed to investigate the interaction effect of reaction variables and establis

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22

Shinde, Sandip S., Kim-Viktoria Bolik, Simone Maschauer, and Olaf Prante. "18F-Fluorination Using Tri-Tert-Butanol Ammonium Iodide as Phase-Transfer Catalyst: An Alternative Minimalist Approach." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090833.

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The 18F syntheses of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) typically require several steps, including extraction of [18F]fluoride from H2[18O]O, elution, and drying, prior to nucleophilic substitution reaction, being a laborious and time-consuming process. The elution of [18F]fluoride is commonly achieved by phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in aqueous solution, which makes azeotropic drying indispensable. The ideal PTC is characterized by a slightly basic nature, its capacity to elute [18F]fluoride with anhydrous solvents, and its efficient complex formation with [18F]fluoride during su

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23

Lewandowski, Grzegorz. "Efficiency of selected phase transfer catalysts for the synthesis of 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene in the presence of H2O2/H3PW12O40 as catalytic system." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, no. 3 (2013): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0053.

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Abstract The results of the studies on the influence of the phase transfer catalyst on the epoxidation of (Z,E,E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) in the H2O2/H3PW12O40 system by a method of phase transfer catalysis (PTC) were presented. The following quaternary ammonium salts were used as phase transfer catalysts: methyltributylammonium chloride, (cetyl)pyridinium bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, (cetyl)pyridinium chloride, dimethyl[dioctadecyl(76%)+dihexadecyl(24%)] ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, didodecyldimethylammonium

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24

Bisarya, S. C., and Rama Rao. "A New Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) for N-Alkylation Reactions." Synthetic Communications 22, no. 22 (1992): 3305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919208021146.

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25

Feng, Dandan, Jinghan Xu, Jingwei Wan, Bing Xie, and Xuebing Ma. "Facile one-pot fabrication of a silica gel-supported chiral phase-transfer catalyst—N-(2-cyanobenzyl)-O(9)-allyl-cinchonidinium salt." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 4 (2015): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01518e.

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A novel silica gel-supported cinchona alkaloid-based PTC catalyst was prepared by one-pot synthesis for the first time. Excellent enantioselectivities (72.0–96.9% ee) and 80–96% yields in enantioselective α-alkylation were achieved without significant loss in the catalytic performance for five runs.

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26

Dong, Deng Pan, Qing Hao Yang, Lin Tao Yang, Zhen Zhong Hou, and Zhong Yi Tu. "Nanoscale Hollow-Bubbly Polypyrrole Obtained via Interfacial Polymerization with Phase Transfer Catalyst." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.114.

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Crown ether 18C6 was used as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) for the interfacial polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). Usually, in interfacial reacting system, oxidant FeCl3was dissolved in deionized water to form aqueous phase, while pyrrole was dissolved in chloroform to form organic phase. The 18C6 PTC can efficiently form complexes with Fe (III) and transfer Fe (III) from aqueous phase into organic phase, resulting in nanoscale hollow-bubbly PPy with better electronic properties. UV-vis was used to confirm the phase transfer ability of composed Fe (III). Cyclic Voltammograms (CVs) were used

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27

Atchekzaï, Jean, Bernard Bonnetot, Henri Mongeot, Sami Boufi, and Bernard Frange. "The reaction of boron trichloride – tertiary amine adducts with pseudohalide salts under phase transfer catalysis conditions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 10 (1992): 2520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-319.

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The reaction of boron trichloride – tertiary amine adducts D•BCl3 with pseudohalide salts MX was investigated in a homogeneous medium or in two-phase systems under liquid/liquid or solid/liquid phase transfer catalysis conditions (PTC) as a potential route to the adducts D•BX3 (X = NCS, NCO). Best results were obtained with solid/liquid PTC with tetraglyme as catalyst. By suitable choice of the tertiary amine, solvent, and stoichiometry, the symmetric compounds D•BX3 were thus prepared with good yields, the same reaction leading either to mixed species D•BX3-nCln (n = 1, 2; X = NCS, NCO) or to

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28

Lygo, Barry, Christopher Beynon, Christopher Lumley, Michael C. McLeod, and Charles E. Wade. "Co-catalyst enhancement of enantioselective PTC Michael additions involving glycine imines." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 26 (2009): 3363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.123.

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29

BISARYA, S. C., and R. RAO. "ChemInform Abstract: A New Phase-Transfer Catalyst (PTC) for N-Alkylation Reactions." ChemInform 24, no. 18 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199318157.

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30

Muderawan, I. Wayan, I. Wayan Mudianta та Made Kurnia Wiastuti Giri. "Phase Transfer Catalyzed Preparation of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl Imidazole for Regioselective Synthesis of Mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, № 5 (2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.70252.

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The preparation of 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl imidazole by using triethylamine as an effective phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC) under mild biphasic conditions has been studied intensively. The method can be used for large-scale preparation with high purity and high yield of 4-methylbenzene-sulfonyl imidazole. The result in 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl imidazole has been successfully applied for the regioselective synthesis of mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin in an aqueous medium. This synthetic methodology concept, together with the synthetic versatility of PTC, provides a general and reli

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31

Lewandowski, Grzegorz, Marcin Kujbida, and Agnieszka Wróblewska. "Epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene with hydrogen peroxide under phase-transfer catalysis conditions: influence of selected parameters on the course of epoxidation." Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 132, no. 2 (2021): 983–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-01960-7.

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AbstractThis work presents the studies on the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, under conditions of the phase transfer catalysis (PTC), and with the following catalytic system: H2WO4/H3PO4/[CH3(CH2)7]3CH3N+HSO4− (compounds were mixed at the ratio of 2:1:1). The influence of the following parameters on the course of this process was investigated: catalyst content, molar ratio of H2O2:CDT, temperature and type of solvent. The highest yield of 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) (54.9 mol%), at the conversion of CDT reached 72.3 mol%, wa

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32

Nyangau, Edwin Osebe, Yuta Nakayasu, Hiroya Abe, Chie Ooka, Kazutoshi Haga, and Masaru Watanabe. "High Activity pH-Universal Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst: Tri-Doped Porous Carbon Material Derived from Agricultural and Mining Wastes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4610. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674610mtgabs.

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Introduction Fuel cells still command great attention even as the need for an alternative source of energy increases annually. Following the unison conclusion by various researchers on the use of platinum and precious group metals (PGM) catalysts, as an expensive venture, many researchers are still committed to alternative and effective catalysts for fuel cell application. First-row transitional metals (TM) have been proposed as effective alternatives for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications due to their promising high ORR activity and durability besides their abundance and cheaper uni

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33

Ul Hassan, Noor, Emily K. Volk, Melissa Kreider, Huyen N. Dinh, Bryan S. Pivovar, and Shaun M. Alia. "Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Accelerated Durability Assessment Using Potential Cycling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3172. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453172mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) have shown remarkable progress in terms of voltage efficiency and achievable current density in the past few years. Various methods are employed to assess the durability of AEMWEs at component and cell level, and include constant and cycled current/potential, start/stop cycles, and open-circuit-voltage (OCV) holds. Each technique may impose different levels of stress on individual components, and in cases have aimed to accelerate polymer degradation or to stress the catalyst or catalyst layer integrity. Particularly due to the more fundament

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34

Vitnik, Vesna, Marina Milenkovic, Sanda Dilber, Zeljko Vitnik та Ivan Juranic. "Improved synthesis and in vitro study of antimicrobial activity of α,β-unsaturated and α-bromo carboxylic acids". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, № 6 (2012): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111104016v.

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A series of ?,?-unsaturated and ?-bromo carboxylic acids were identified as potent antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using broth microdilution method. All acids 1-12 exhibit a significant activity against nine laboratory control strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast Candida albicans. The tested acids were efficiently prepared by optimized phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) reactions of ketones with bromoform and aqueous lithium hydroxide in alcoholic solvent with TEBA as catalyst.

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Liu, Xiao Ming, Sami-ullah Rather, Qixiu Li, Angela Lueking, Yonggang Zhao, and Jing Li. "Hydrogenation of CuBTC Framework with the Introduction of a PtC Hydrogen Spillover Catalyst." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 5 (2012): 3477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp207411b.

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Akbar, Ali, and Sukkee Um. "Influence of external clamping pressure on nanoscopic mechanical deformation and catalyst utilization of quaternion PtC catalyst layers for PEMFCs." Renewable Energy 194 (July 2022): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.112.

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37

Nikje, Mir Mohammad Alavi, and Hassan Hajifatheali. "The Role of Cloisite 30B as a Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) in Polybutadiene Epoxidation." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 50, no. 10 (2011): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2011.557920.

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38

Rosy, Antony, Ravindran Sumisha, and C. Mary M. "Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of cresol based polyphosphate esters." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 89, May 2012 (2012): 701–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763531.

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Department of Chemistry, Nirmalagiri College, Kuthuparamba, Kannur-670 701, Kerala, India <em>Manuscript received 06 March 2009, revised 31 August 2010, accepted 23 August 2011</em> Polyphosphate esters were synthesized from cresol phosphorodichloridates and dihydric phenols by interfacial polycondensation using a phase transfer catalyst. The polymers were characterized by IR, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>31</sup>P NMR spectroscopy and GPC. The thermal stability of the polymers was determined by thermogravimetry.

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Jaśkowska, Jolanta, Anna Karolina Drabczyk, Piotr Michorczyk, et al. "Mechanochemical Synthesis Method for Drugs Used in the Treatment of CNS Diseases under PTC Conditions." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (2022): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050464.

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Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) is an excellent possibility in the synthesis of organic compounds as it allows the reactions to be carried out under the conditions of green chemistry, while maintaining high yields and selectivity. The great advantage of these reactions is also the possibility of carrying out the reactions not only under conventional conditions, but also mechanochemically in solvent-free processes. Bearing this in mind, we decided to develop a new method for the synthesis of known biologically active compounds from the group of long-chain arylpiperazines (LCAPs). The first morta

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El-Sayed, Ahmed M., Omyma A. Abd Allah, Ahmed M. M. El-Saghier, and Shaaban K. Mohamed. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Five-Membered Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Techniques." ChemInform 46, no. 25 (2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201525263.

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Kiani, Aida, Daniele Coscia, Rosaria Schettini, and Maria Rosaria Acocella. "Heterogeneous phosphonium–carbon based PTC catalyst: From mechanochemical synthesis to SN2 type reaction in water." Molecular Catalysis 550 (November 2023): 113558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113558.

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Nadporojskii, Mikhail A., Viktoriya V. Orlovskaya, Olga S. Fedorova, Dmitry S. Sysoev, and Raisa N. Krasikova. "Automation of Copper-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Aryl Pinacol Boronates Using 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium Triflate." Molecules 29, no. 14 (2024): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143342.

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Currently, the copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl pinacol boronates (arylBPin) using the commercially available, air-stable Cu(OTf)2Py4 catalyst is one of the most efficient synthesis approaches, greatly facilitating access to a range of radiotracers, including drug-like molecules with nonactivated aryl scaffolds. Further adjustment of this methodology, in particular, the [18F]fluoride recovery step for the routine preparation of radiotracers, has been the focus of recent research. In our recent study, an organic solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DMAPOTf)

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Urbala, Magdalena. "Technological Aspects of Highly Selective Synthesis of Allyloxyalcohols—New, Greener, Productive Methods." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121559.

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Allyl ethers bearing free hydroxyl groups of CH2=CH-CH-O-A-OH type (hydroxyalkyl allyl ethers, allyloxyalcohols) are valuable chemicals in many environmentally friendly industrial applications. The development of technologically attractive methods for their production is necessary. The two pathways (L-L PTC and non-catalytic solvent-free conditions) were optimized for the highly selective and yield synthesis of 4-allyloxybutan-1-ol. Improvements in the PTC method (50% NaOH(aq), the equimolar ratio of NaOH to diol, cyclohexane as solvent) with a new highly selective and effective PT catalyst, i

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Ezhilarasu, D., and S. Rani. "Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Studies of Novel Phase Transfer Catalyst and Application in O-Propargylation Reaction." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 4 (2023): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27580.

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The present work reports the synthesis and characterization of 1-benzyl-1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,4(7)-diene dibromide for phase transfer catalyst (PTC) applications. The derived quaternary salt was characterized by UV, FTIR and NMR spectral techniques. The structure has been optimized by density functional theory (DFT) in water and diethyl ether solvation conditions. The DFT outcomes showed the good chemical potential of the compound between 2.15 eV and 6.8 eV in both media. Extended research examined the nature of phase transfer by adjusting dosage, temperature and solvents in the O

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Kishore, Ram, Monika Kamboj, and Manisha Shukla. "Triton-B Mediated One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,5 Substituted Tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-Thidiazine-2-Thiones." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (2018): 2878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340627.

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A new-fangled, proficient, one-pot multi component, intramolecular C-S bond formation reaction, mediated by phase transfer catalyst, Triton-B, is described in this paper. The reaction of alkyl/ phenyl amines, CS2 and formaldehyde catalyzed via Triton-B resulted in formation of 3-(Alkyl or aryl methyl),5-(Alkyl or aryl methyl) substituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones compounds(1a-15a). These compounds (1a-15a) were characterized with the help of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. The PTC mediated reactions require mild reaction condition and reduced time pe

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Fedoryński, Michał, Magdalena Kubicka-Prusik, Małgorzata Kursa, and Andrzej Jończyk. "Phase transfer catalyzed (PTC) reactions of chloroform with alkenyl carboxylates. Effect of catalyst structure on reaction course." Tetrahedron 53, no. 3 (1997): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01029-0.

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Jasuja, O. P., Parveen Kumar, and Gagandeep Singh. "Development of latent fingermarks on surfaces submerged in water: Optimization studies for phase transfer catalyst (PTC) based reagents." Science & Justice 55, no. 5 (2015): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2015.03.001.

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Park, Yong Sun, Jyun Ju Kim та Dongyeol Lim. "ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Catalyzed Alkylations of Glycinamides for Asymmetric Syntheses of α-Amino Acid Derivatives." ChemInform 33, № 16 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200216186.

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Polprasarn, Kasidapa, Pankaj Pareek, Dihya Sadi, Mario Janda, Oliver Guaitella, and David Pai. "In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Plasma Electrochemical and Plasma Catalytic Reactors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 24 (2024): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01241408mtgabs.

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Plasma electrochemistry (PEC) has been under investigation for an expanding number of potential applications such as agriculture, water treatment, decarbonized chemical processing, and nanomaterials synthesis [1–4]. PEC in water leads to the formation of gas-phase species that undergo a cascade of processes in the liquid to produce aqueous species such as OH, H2O2, ONOOH, NO2 -, and NO3 - that are sought after in these applications. Plasma-assisted catalysis (PAC) is another growing research field for some of the same applications and others that occur in the gas phase, such as industrial cata

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Nur, Hadi. "A Perspective on Catalysis in the Immiscible Liquid-Liquid System." Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.66.

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This manuscript provides a perspective on research work related to the catalysis in the immiscible liquid-liquid system. Three catalytic concepts, i.e., phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), triphase catalysis (TPC), and phase-boundary catalysis (PBC), are presented as well as their use for the design of a better catalytic system. This perspective emphasizes based on the SWO (Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities) analysis of PTC, TPC, and PBC and advances concept uses for future directions of research in this area.

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