Academic literature on the topic 'Pteridophyta Pteridophyta Epiphytes'

<p>The purpose of this research is to have an inventory on Fern-plants in the area of IAIN Palangka Raya as an alternative media to discuss or learn about the classification of plants for high school students. The method applied was qualitative research through survey activities to have an inventory on fern-plants. In collecting the data, the procedure was done by tracking the ferns growing area and collecting every kind of ferns species found in IAIN Palangka Raya. Identification of ferns species were using the key of determination. The data of the research were analyzed descriptively to get connected with the development of alternative learning media. The inventory result has been obtained eleven species of pteridophyta, one species of Blechnaceae family, two species of Pteridaceae, one species of Polypodiaceae, four species of Dryopteridaceae, two species of Polipodiacea and ome species of Woodsiaceae. Based on the nature of the ferns, eleven ferns are found. They consist of six types of terrestrial Pteridophyta, two types of Pteridophyta epiphytes and teresters, and three types of Pteridophyta epiphytes. The results of the research can be used as an alternative media for teaching and learning the topic of plant classification for high school students.</p>

An investigation of epiphytic Pteridophytes diversity at Mount Raung, Banyuwangi, East Java Province, Indonesia, was carried out in 7 February 2015. As many as 11 Pteridophytes from 3 families had been identified based on their morphological chracteristic. Among them, four species of Family Aspleniaceae, including Asplenium confusum Tardieu & Ching, Asplenium nidus L., Asplenium salignum Blume, and Asplenium tenerumoides S.B.Andrews. Polypodiaceae include Leptochilus wrightii (Hooker & Baker) X. C. Zhang, Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel., Pyrrosia bicolor ( Kaulf. ) Ching, and Schellolepis percussa (Cav.) Pic.Serm. Vittariaceae include Antrophyum formosanum Hieron., Vittaria ensiformis Sw., and Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. which is the smallest specimen with less than 10 cm long.Keywords: Mount Raung, Pteridophyta, Epiphytic, Families.

Studies of plant diversity in tropical forests are usually restricted to trees or other groups of woody plants above a certain stem diameter. However, surveys that include all forms of live plants with no restrictions on their sizes, clearly indicate that non-woody plants are equally important. In this study, we reported the total species richness of vascular plants species (TSR) in one hectare plot in an Andean forest in Northwestern Colombia (6º 12' 48” N & 75º 29' 32” W). We evaluated the relative contribution of the different growth habits and the effect of the plant size, to TSR. We measured all individuals with diameter (D) ≥ 5 cm in the hectare and all the vascular plants of all sizes, including epiphytes, in a subsample of 0.25 ha. A total of 14 545 individuals distributed in 318 species, 72 families (considering Pteridophyta as one group) and 171 genera were registered. Most of the species showed a (D) < 10 cm (99.7%) and < 2.5 cm (94.4 %). The no-arboreal species (ground herbs, epiphytes and vines) represented 54.3 % of the total species reported in the plot, indicating that they are important in the structure, composition and species richness of this montane forest. Our results coincide with similar studies in other tropical forests. We concluded that to get a more detailed knowledge of the floristic diversity of a site, it is advisable to: 1) amplify the size range of the plants generally considered in the floristic inventories and 2) to include non-woody species. This information is crucial for making better decisions in local and global conservation efforts.

146 species of pteridophytes occurring in Zambia were classified into Raunkiaer's life-form classes. The hemicryptophytes are dominant and include the most widely distributed species. The phanerophytes (tree-ferns and lianas) and the epiphytes are rather scarce and limited to or concentrated in the higher-rainfall areas in the northern part of the country. Simplified diagrams of periodicity were constructed for all Zambian pteridophyte species. Three major types of seasonal pattern of growth and dormancy were distinguished: the evergreen type, the poikilohydrous type, and the "summer-green" type. The first of them is connected with the local conditions of continuously wet non-zonal sites, while the two others clearly reflect the peculiarities of the zonal climate of Zambia.

Abstract:The response of vascular epiphyte communities following natural or human disturbance has been little studied. Over 5 y, we evaluated the post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud forest. Vascular epiphytes were experimentally removed from branch and trunk plots (1 m in length) on five trees in two secondary cloud forest fragments in southern Mexico. Similarity between colonizer and established communities was compared in each fragment using a further five trees with no stripping. All seedlings were recorded yearly. Non-vascular epiphyte cover was estimated in each plot. The recolonization rate was very high; after 5 y, epiphyte density of the colonizer community (27.4 ± 6.8 individuals per segment) reached similar values to those of the established community (26.7 ± 3.3) in nearby trees. While similarity (composition and abundance) between the colonizer community and established community was high (81%), diversity accumulation curves indicated that the colonizer community presents a lower diversity of epiphytes (5.5 equivalent species) than the established community (11.4). Colonization of xerophytic bromeliads was high, while pteridophytes and orchids presented reduced recovery. The immediately surrounding source of propagules had a strong influence on recolonization. In both the colonizer and established communities, dominance rank was bromeliads > peperomias > pteridophytes. The results show that the recovery capacity of epiphytic vegetation in secondary forest is high, if propagule sources are close by. However, at 5 y after disturbance, it is unclear whether the colonizer community would present the same species composition as the established community or if it would give rise to a different community.

SynopsisWater deficiency is the key factor limiting the occurrence of pteridophytes in seasonally dry tropical areas and shaping their adaptive strategies in respect of habitat preferences, life-forms, phenological patterns, and reproductive biology. In Zambia, which is situated in the savanna woodland zone, a total of 146 pteridophyte species occur mainly in special habitats: extrazonal evergreen forest patches and initial successional stages of lithoseres and hydroseres. Life-forms with perennating buds well protected against desiccation (hemicryptophytes and geophytes) dominate, while those with more exposed buds (epiphytes, chamaephytes and phanerophytes) are much less numerous and restricted mainly to the higher-rainfall areas. Selaginella tenerrima represents the life form of a therophyte, unknown in any other pteridophyte genus. Three major seasonal patterns of growth and dormancy may be distinguished: the evergreen type (ca. 40% of species), the poikilohydrous type (ca. 20%) and the deciduous (‘summer-green’) type (ca. 40%). No less than 20% of species are able to survive recurrent bush-fires, and some of them possess the features of advanced pyrophytes. In the driest parts of the savanna zone in Africa, e.g. in the Lake Chad Basin of northeastern Nigeria, seasonal pools are remarkably rich in water ferns, especially of the genus Marsilea which has undergone an intensive adaptive radiation in this environment.

Epiphyte is a unique component of forest diversity vulnerable to changing environments. Characterizing variations in functional traits of epiphytes across dry and wet seasons can enhance our understanding their strategies to environments. We measured and assessed variations of 14 leaf functional traits responding to water conditions for epiphytic pteridophytes (EP) and epiphytic angiosperms (EA) across dry and wet seasons in a tropical cloud forest. Results showed that leaf dry weight (LDW) and stomatal length (SL) of EP were significantly higher than EA, while leaf water content (LWC) of EA was significantly higher than EP. The SL, stomatal density (SD), upper epidermis thickness (UET), lower epidermis thickness (LET), palisade tissue thickness (PT), spongy tissue thickness (ST), and leaf thickness (LT) of EP and EA were significantly higher in wet season than dry season. The variance of stomatal and anatomical traits explained by season types (0.24–0.78) was higher than plant groups (0.0–0.25), while the variance of LDW and LWC explained by plant groups (0.12–0.40) was higher than season types (0.0–0.29). Principal component analysis and correlation analyses showed that SL, stomatal index, UET, ST, LET, and LT were the key traits reflecting epiphyte adaptation to dry season, as well as that LWC and leaf density were the key traits in wet season. Our results suggest that the different taxonomic groups exhibit divergent strategies responding to water differences. Great variations in leaf traits to dry seasons are predicted that vascular epiphytes, especially pteridophytes, are prone to disappear with drought events.

A taxonomic inventorization of pteridophytes occurring in a human inhabited buffer zone of Murlen National Park, India, was conducted in 2012 and 2013. This survey revealed 35 species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families. Polypodiaceae was recorded as dominant family, represented by six genera and eight species, followed by Pteridaceae (three genera and six species) and Lycopodiaceae (three genera and four species). Of the recorded species, 23 species were terrestrial, 11 (epiphytic) and two (lithophytic) in their habit forms. The species richness was highest in Tualpui village, with 11 species, followed by Rabung (7) and Ngur (6). The site preference of species among the villages is discussed. These data will provide baseline for future research and monitoring of pteridophytic vegetation in this protected area, as well as in similar habitats in the adjacent areas.

A floristic survey of pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies) was carried out in a 1ha plot in the Pico do Marumbi State Park, Morretes, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The study area is covered with a closed ombrophilous forest (Brazilian Atlantic Forest) and lies approximately 630 m in elevation. All species and life-forms of pteridophytes growing in the plot were registered and most of them were collected for taxonomic identification. A total of 81 species, belonging to 17 families were registered. The richest were Polypodiaceae (12 species), Hymenophyllaceae (11) and Lomariopsidaceae (11). The richest genera were Asplenium (ten species), Elaphoglossum (10) and Trichomanes (six). Life-form composition was: epiphytes (49 species), terrestrials (28), lithophytes (two), epiphytes/terrestrials/lithophytes (one) and epiphytes/lithophytes (one). No hemiepiphytes were found. Terrestrials included herbaceous (22 species), arborescent (four) and climbing (two). Species richness of the plot can be considered as high when compared to other neotropical sites.

The study of the Pteridophyte flora of some wetlands in the Kedougou region of the Senegal Republic is the subject of this study. This analysis is based on the herbarium material of the pteridological flora harvested in this region and preserved in the herbaria of various institutions of IFAN, Dakar and Paris (P) also on the bibliographic data. This leads to a field mission to re-evaluate pteridophyte flora in this region. The results obtained show that the diversity of pteridophyte in the region of Kedougou is 11 species except for the very young species whose identification could not be made. These species grouped into 7 genera belong to 5 families of which the best represented are the Pteridaceae with 4 species. All the harvested and identified species were encountered in the Herbarium visited. Thus, in order to facilitate access to their identification, it is necessary to propose the tool which means that the document conforms to the identification key on the paper and the vegetative characters have been favored. Most of the pteridophyte were harvested at the Dindefelo cascade with an abundance of the species Adiantum philippense L. which is a species with large distribution because it is found in almost all the prospected places. All of these species are restricted to wetlands and shaded areas with occupation of all habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, saxicolous and epiphytic).

Dados e análises de gradientes altitudinais em diversidade têm sido fundamentais para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma série de teorias gerais da biodiversidade. Esta proposta pretende contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de diversidade das samambaias e licófitas ao longo de um gradiente de altitude no Sul do Brasil, abrangendo desde as formações florestais da planície, composta pela floresta de Terras Baixas, Submontana, como por formações florestais de altitude superiores, florestas Montana e Altomontana, e considerando a influência de fatores climáticos e de solo sobre as comunidades de plantas deste grupo. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo são: 1) verificar se a composição e riqueza de espécies varia ao longo do gradiente altitudinal; 2) se caso afirmativo, descrever em qual altitude podemos encontrar a maior diversidade; 3) analisar se existem diferenças ao longo do gradiente nos padrões de distribuição entre comunidade epifítica, terrícola e rupícola; 4) estabelecer quais são os fatores ambientais e de espaço que governam a distribuição das espécies de samambaias e licófitas, sua riqueza e sua cobertura na floresta brasileira ao sul do Atlântico; 5) investigar se espécies epifíticas e terrestres respondem igualmente aos condutores ambientais. Os resultados de um estudo detalhado, bem como de análises morfológicas, ecológicas, pedológicas e geográficas são: 1) a composição e riqueza de espécies variou significativamente ao longo do gradiente altitudinal; 2) riqueza e diversidade foram maiores nas formações superiores (Montana e Altomontana); 3) comunidades ecológicas distintas (epifítica, terrícola e rupícola) diferiram quanto ao padrão de distribuição observado ao longo do gradiente; 4) os fatores ambientais (tais como: insolação solar, precipitação, velocidade do vento, umidade relativa do ar relacionados ao clima e, concentração de matéria orgânica, alumínio, pH e profundidade, relacionados ao solo) apresentam maior importância na variação da distribuição de espécies ao longo do gradiente; 5) a variação da distribuição de espécies epífitas demostrou ser mais relacionada aos condutores ambientais relacionados aos fatores climáticos enquanto que as espécies terrestres, aos fatores edáficos. Processos de nicho (teoria de nicho) são os responsáveis por modular a distribuição e a abundância das espécies de samambaias e licófitas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal da Floresta Atlântica Sul Brasileira. Adicionalmente, é descrito novo registro de Stigmatopteris no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Data and analyses of elevational gradients in diversity have been central to the development and evaluation of a range of biodiversity general theories. This proposal seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the ferns and lycophytes diversity patterns along an elevation gradient in Southern Brazil, spanning from Lowland and Submontane to Montane and Upper Montane forest formations, and considering the influence of climatic factors and soil on communities of this group plants. The objectives of this study are: 1) to verify the composition and species richness varies along the altitudinal gradient; 2) if so, describe at what altitude we find the greatest diversity; 3) to analyze if there are differences along the gradient in the distribution patterns of epiphytic community, terrestrial and rupicolous; 4) establish what are the environmental and spatial factors that govern ferns and wealth lycophyte species and its coverage in the Brazilian forest at the South of the Atlantic; 5) investigate if epiphytic and terrestrial species also respond to environmental drivers. The results of a detailed study, as well as morphological, ecological, soil and geographical study are: 1) the composition and species richness varied significantly along the altitudinal gradient; 2) richness and diversity were higher in the Montane and Upper Montane formations; 3) distinct ecological communities (epiphytic, terrestrial and rupicolous) to differ on the distribution pattern observed along the gradient; 4) the environmental factors (such as solar insolation, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity related to the climate, and concentration of organic matter, aluminum, pH and depth, related to soil) have greater importance in the variation species distribution along the gradient; 5) the variation of the distribution of epiphytes demonstrated to be more related to environmental drivers that are related to climatic factors, while terrestrial species are related to the soil factors. Niche processes (niche theory) are responsible for modulate distribution patterns and species abundance along elevational gradient in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In addition, we present the new registration Stigmatopteris in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.