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1
Simon, Sabrina [Verfasser]. "Deep molecular phylogeny of the Pterygota / Sabrina Simon." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009413708/34.
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Ogden, Thomas H. "Evolution and phylogeny of basal winged insects with emphasis on mayflies (Ephemeroptera)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/207.
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Ephemeroptera (mayflies) is a monophyletic group of semi-aquatic pterygote insects, comprising 3083 species, 376 genera, and 37 described families and are present on all continents, excluding Antarctica, being associated with freshwater and brackish water habitats. The order is unique among pterygote insects in possessing functional wings at the penultimate molt (subimago stage), prior to the full development of genitalia; in all other insects the presence of functional wings occurs only after the final molt. The purpose of this dissertation is to use molecular and morphological data, in order to investigate the position of the order Ephemeroptera among other insect orders, the higher-level relationships among the major lineages of mayflies, and a detailed analysis of the family Ephemerellidae. Ephemeroptera has been considered by many to be sister to Odonata + Neoptera although alternate hypotheses have been suggested. Data from three molecular loci ambiguously resolve basal pterygote relationships, however, total evidence analysis (combined molecular and morphological data) strongly supports the position of mayflies as sister to all other extant pterygotes. These results and methodologies were recently criticized, and, therefore, the response to the author is included following the manuscript. The phylogenetic relationships among mayfly families is debatable and in some groups unknown. Prior studies have produced phylogenies based on morphological characters mixed with intuition. The first molecular phylogeny for the Order Ephemeroptera is presented. The analyses include 31 of the 37 families, representing ~24% of the genera. The suborders Furcatergalia and Carapacea are supported as monophyletic while Setisura and Pisciforma are not supported as monophyletic. The evolution of the wings, mandibular tusks, burrowing lifestyle, and fishlike body are investigated. Topological sensitivity analysis is used as a tool to examine patterns concerning the stability of relationships across a parameter landscape, providing additional information that may not have been acquired otherwise. The Pannote family Ephemerellidae is comprised of 16 genera and over 300 species and is distinguished from other mayfly families by the absence of the second pair of abdominal gills. The position of Ephemerellidae relative to other closely related pannote mayflies is unclear as are the relationships of the genera within the family. The combined molecular and morphological analyses resulted in a monophyletic Ephemerellidae as sister to the other ephemerelloid families. The subfamily Ephemerellidae was supported as monophyletic, while Timpanoginae had conflicting results.
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Ruangari, Supanigar. "Functional Properties Of Single Motor Units During Isometric Contraction In The Superior Head Of The Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5037.
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Phanachet, Intira. "Single motor unit activity of the human lateral pterygoid muscle during defined tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4731.
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Yang, X. (Xiaojiang). "Magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral pterygoid muscle in temporomandibular disorders." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266439.
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Abstract
The fact that the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and related symptoms play an important role in
temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is widely recognized. In the study reported here, the LPM was
investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with TMD. The visibility of the LPM in MRI
with different projections was analyzed and a new imaging projection, condyle-the lateral pterygoid muscle
projection (CLPM), for the LPM in MRI was introduced. Normal and abnormal findings of the LPM was compared
with clinical symptoms of TMD.
Compared with sagittal imaging of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), CLPM images and most of the oblique
sagittal imaging were able to show the LPM clearly. Hypertrophy, atrophy and contracture of the LPM were
found in TMJs either with disc in normal position or with disc displacements. Pathological changes of the
superior belly and hypertrophy of the inferior belly combined with various pathological changes of the
superior belly were the most frequently observed abnormal imaging findings of the LPM in TMD. The
pathological changes of the LPM were associated with the main clinical symptoms of TMD. In patients with
symptomatic condyle hypermobility, the pathological changes of the LPM and related symptoms were associated
with the clinical symptoms of TMJs with disc in normal position. The imaging abnormalities of the LPM were
common in TMJs with disc displacements and seemed to be fewer in condyle hypomobility cases in TMJs with
anterior disc displacement with non-reduction (ADDnr). However, normal imaging of the LPM was also found in
TMJs with severe osteoarthritic changes and disc displacement.
The recognition of muscle alterations may lead to a more specific diagnosis and improve the
understanding
of the clinical symptoms and disease pathophysiology of TMD.
6
Bhutada, Manish Kumar. "Functional Properties Of The Superior Head Of Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5038.
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Chui, Jeanie Jin Yee Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The role of substance P in the pathogenesis of pterygia." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41503.
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Pterygium is an ocular surface disorder characterised by centripetal invasion of the cornea by altered limbal cells, accompanied by fibrosis and neovascularisation. One of the enigmatic features of pterygium is its wing-like shape and the mechanism(s) supporting its centripetal growth remain to be elucidated. As the growth pattern of pterygia mirrors the radial arrangement of corneal nerves, we hypothesised that neuropeptides may facilitate its directional growth. In this thesis, we investigated the roles that the sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) may play in the pathogenesis of pterygia given its known functions in corneal cell migration, proliferation, wound healing and neurogenic inflammation. Using a modified Boyden chamber method, SP was shown to act as a chemoattractant to pterygium fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, and this activity was diminish by blockade of its receptor (NK1). 3H-thymidine incorporation assays confirmed that our cell migration results were unrelated to SP-stimulated proliferation. A bead-based multiplex cytokine array detected secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2) from SP stimulated pterygium and limbal epithelial cells. Using real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, we show that UVB stimulated transcription of the TAC1 gene followed by secretion of SP in ocular surface epithelial cell cultures. Finally, SP and NK1receptor immunoreactivity was identified in pterygium tissue, where overall, NK1receptors were up-regulated in pterygia. Furthermore, we identified a population of NK1 receptor positive mononuclear cells in pterygia that did not express lineage markers for T or B-Iymphocytes, macrophages or mast cells, but may represent immature haemopoietic cells that may have migrated in from the blood since these cells were also present in autologous conjunctival tissue. In summary, SP may contribute to the shape of pterygia by facilitating migration of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells into the normally avascular cornea. Additionally, UVB stimulates SP production in epithelial cells and the presence of SP contributes to inflammation in pterygia by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Finally, we identified a population of relatively immature, NK1 receptor positive cells in pterygia that may have been attracted by the presence of SP. Collectively, these results imply that SP may contribute to the pathogenesis of pterygia.
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Biemond, Helene. "Baseline morphometry of the pterygoid hamulus in a neonatal South African population." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75499.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline database consisting of the morphometry of the South African neonatal pterygoid hamulus.
Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted on 74 formalin-fixed neonatal cadavers and displayed on the Planmeca Romexis 4.6.0.R program for quantitative data measurement. The length, width and angle of inclination in the coronal and sagittal planes of the pterygoid hamulus and the inter-hamular distance were measured. Additionally, the distance from the pterygoid hamulus to the posterior nasal spine was measured. Statistical analysis was performed to compare sides, population groups and weight classes and to establish correlations between measurements.
Results: Weight was found to be a determining factor in the morphometrics of the pterygoid hamulus, the exception being the inclination in the sagittal plane, results were therefore separated according to weight class. For neonates weighing less than or equal to 1 kg, the length of the pterygoid hamulus was 2.23 (SD 0.377) mm, the width of the pterygoid hamulus in the coronal plane was 0.938 (SD 0.162) mm and in the sagittal plane was 1.68 (SD 0.373) mm. For neonates weighing more than 1 kg, the length was 2.74 (SD 0.438) mm, the width in the coronal plane was 1.12 (SD 0.226) mm and in the sagittal plane was 1.87 (SD 0.446) mm. The regression formula between the inter-hamular distance and the distance between the pterygoid hamulus and posterior nasal spine was determined to be y=2.44+0.52x. No significant difference between right and left sides, sex or population group was found.
Conclusion: Understanding how the neonatal pterygoid hamulus differs from the adult structure is important when surgery in the oropharyngeal area of infants is concerned. The correlations established in this study between biometrics and morphometrics allows for extrapolation of the morphometrics to be made in the absence of proper scanning equipment.<br>Dissertation (MSc) University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Anatomy<br>MSc (Clinical Anatomy)<br>Unrestricted
9
Peeceeyen, Sheejith Hari. "A Functional Study Of Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle In Temporomandibular Disorder Patients." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4746.
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Nozad, Mojaver Yalda. "A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE DURING JAW CLOSING AND HORIZONTAL FORCE IN HUMANS." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18260.
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There is limited information regarding the normal function of the medial pterygoid (MP) muscle, a major jaw muscle. The aims of our study were to develop a methodology to record from the MP during standardized isometric jaw closing tasks, to determine the range of tasks over which activity can be recorded in the MP, and to determine whether there is evidence for functional heterogeneity within the MP muscle by comparing electromyographic (EMG) features in different regions of the MP. Fifteen healthy participants were included in the study. The EMG activity of the right MP was recorded with intramuscular electrodes during the performance of isometric jaw closing tasks onto a force transducer as well as isometric contralateral (i.e. to the left side), protrusive (straightforward) and ipsilateral (i.e. to the right side) jaw tasks using another force transducer in the same participants. The isometric tasks were ramp tasks (at a fast rate and at a slow rate) and step level tasks (at 2 force levels). A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for all participants and the presence of MP activity, thresholds of single motor units, and root means square (RMS) activity were assessed in the tasks. The MP was active in all jaw closing tasks in all participants, but in the horizontal tasks, the MP was mostly active in the protrusive and contralateral tasks (85% of participants), while it was activated in 57% of the participants in the ipsilateral tasks. The mean force threshold value for the fast jaw closing ramp task was significantly (P<0.05) lower than for the slow jaw closing ramp task. However the differences were not significant for any of the horizontal tasks. The EMG activity of the MP in all jaw closing and horizontal tasks was positive except for the ipsilateral tasks when the MP was not active in the ipsilateral tasks at all. CT scan verifications of the electrodes locations suggest a more important role for the lateral part of the MP in the generation and/or control of the horizontal jaw force tasks than the medial part. Also, a crucial role for the medial part in the vertical jaw closing tasks is proposed. These findings support the functional heterogeneity of the MP due to its selective activation in various tasks. This study proposes an important role for the MP in the generation of closing and lateral forces and also supports a role for the MP as being functionally heterogeneous.
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FALLON, PHILIPPE. "Meningo-encephalocele du lobe temporal prolabee dans la fosse pterygo-maxillaire." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M162.
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Matovinovic, Elizabeth. "Heritability and genome-wide linkage of complex diseases in the Norfolk Island population isolate." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367214.
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Complex diseases such as cardiovascular disease, pterygia, glaucoma, and myopia are caused by polygenic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Studying genetics of complex diseases within population isolates has multiple benefits over studies conducted in single families and unrelated populations. Generally, there is increased power to detect heritable effects. Also, the presence of multiple households within an extended pedigree disentangles confounding environmental variables from true genetic effects. Isolated populations also contain greater potential for identifying underlying causal quantitative trait loci. This thesis work focuses on heritability and genome-wide linkage analyses of cardiovascular disease and three eye diseases: pterygia, glaucoma, and myopia in the Norfolk Island population isolate. This study investigates gene-environment interactions of four complex diseases: cardiovascular disease, pterygia, glaucoma, and myopia.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Medical Science<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Chen, Hui. "A study of the functional properties of single motor units at computed-tomography-verified sites within the human medial pterygoid muscle during jaw movements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16892.
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A detailed understanding of the functions of the jaw muscles is essential for the description of normal function as well as how the jaw motor system accommodates to perturbations such as chronic pain states as well as surgical and prosthodontic interventions. While the functional properties of many jaw muscles, such as the masseter and temporalis muscles, and to a lesser extent the lateral pterygoid muscle, have been intensively investigated, the medial pterygoid (MPt) muscle has been much less well studied. The broad aims of this study were to: 1. to develop a methodology for recording activity from the MPt muscle from locations that have been verified by computed tomography (CT). 2. to identify the functional properties of single motor units (SMUs) recorded from the MPt muscle during standardized horizontal and vertical jaw movement tasks, and to determine whether movement velocity would affect motor unit activation. 3. to assess the relation between CT-verified locations and SMU activities to determine if there exists evidence for functional heterogeneity within the MPt muscle. Twenty participants (10 males and 10 females, mean age: 25 years old) performed 8 tasks: 1) resting, 2) swallowing, 3) ipsilateral movement, 4) contralateral movement, 5) protrusive movement, 6) opening–closing movement, 7) unilateral chewing with gum, 8) bilateral maximal clenching. The ipsilateral, contralateral, protrusive and opening – closing movement tasks were performed with a goal-directed, visual feedback system at slow and fast speeds, and each of these tasks was divided into BEFORE, OUT, HOLDING, RETURN and AFTER phases according to the movement trajectories and SMU analysis was conducted in the 4 goal-directed movements only. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the right MPt were recorded in resting (in 8 of the 20 participants), swallowing (12/12), ipsilateral movement (16/20), contralateral movement (20/20), protrusion (19/20), opening – closing movement (11/20), chewing (20/20) and clenching (20/20) tasks. Increased EMG activity was consistently found in the OUT, HOLDING and RETURN phases of the contralateral and protrusive movement tasks, regardless of the actual movement direction. An increased activity in the RETURN phase of the ipsilateral movement task in most participants, together with the presence of increased activity in the OUT phase of contralateral task in all participants, indicates an important role for the MPt in the generation of a contralateral force vector. The presence of EMG activity in 8 participants during the resting task and increased EMG activity in the RETURN phase of the opening – closing task (i.e. closing movement) suggest its active role in supporting the lower jaw against gravity. The absence of EMG activity in the MPt in 9 participants during all 3 phases of opening – closing movement tasks indicates the certain compartments of the MPt may not be involved in the closing movement. Of the 60 SMUs that were identified in the 4 goal-directed movement tasks, thresholds could be identified in relation to displacement in 46 SMUs. During the OUT phase of the contralateral (p < 0.001) and the RETURN phase of the ipsilateral (p < 0.001) movement tasks, thresholds were found to increase significantly with increases of movement velocity, although the strength of these correlations were weak. Previous studies of the lateral pterygoid muscle in contralateral and protrusive tasks have shown stronger inverse relations between threshold and speed, and this supported a role for the lateral pterygoid muscle as the main agonist driving the movement in these tasks. The present MPt data showing a direct, although weak, relation between speed and threshold are suggestive that the MPt muscle may be more involved in stabilizing the lower jaw rather than initiating the movement during contralateral and protrusive jaw movements. CT scanning was performed in 18 participants. Eight, 10, 25 and 14 SMUs with thresholds were identified in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral and posteromedial divisions, respectively. The MPt EMG pattern was found to vary between participants whose recording sites were identified in the same division and across different divisions. Significant differences were found between the thresholds and the 4 divisions during the OUT phases of contralateral (p < 0.0001) and protrusive (p = 0.0003) movement tasks. In the OUT phase of the contralateral movement, the thresholds in the anterolateral division were significantly lower than the other three divisions (p < 0.01). In addition, the thresholds of the SMUs identified in the anteromedial division in the OUT phases of both contralateral (p < 0.01) and protrusive (p < 0.01) movement tasks were significantly higher than the other 3 divisions in each task, respectively. These data support the concept that functional subcompartments exist within the MPt muscle. In conclusion, this is the first detailed investigation of the functional properties of SMUs recorded at CT-verified sites within the human MPt. The evidence suggests that the MPt muscle is a complex muscle involved in the fine control of low forces as required for the stabilization of vertical mandibular position throughout horizontal jaw movements. This muscle, consistent with findings from the other jaw muscles, shows evidence for functional heterogeneity.
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GUINCHARD, MICHEL. "Etude des modifications du peuplement de larves d'insectes pterygotes de sols prairiaux de moyenne altitude, consecutives a un changement d'exploitation." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2015.
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Ce travail de these consiste en une approche synthetique du peuplement des larves d'insectes pterygotes du sol. L'analyse des diverses composantes structurales de ce peuplement permet d'etudier les modifications induites dans les systemes prairiaux par la diminution ou l'arret de l'exploitation agricole. Les differentes approches realisees montrent que, quelle que soit la serie evolutive, l'impact de la fermeture du milieu n'est pas un phenomene progressif. Ce n'est qu'au dernier stade etudie, lorsque la fermeture du milieu est complete, que la biocenose subit une modification profonde. L'analyse en co-inertie d'un couple de tableaux, methode recemment developpee par mercier 51991), a permis d'analyser conjointement les donnees du tableau faunistique et celles du tableau des parametres abiotiques descriptifs de l'environnement. Cette analyse met en evidence des groupes de familles correles a des variables de milieu. Elle permet egalement de preciser la biologie generale de ces taxons et d'isoler des associations de familles caracteristiques de divers types de milieux etudies. Ces recherches montrent clairement que l'analyse au niveau de la famille des peuplements endoges d'insectes pterygotes permet de determiner les caracteristiques fonctionnelles generales de systemes terrestres, stables ou non, comme dans le cas des indices biologiques utilises dans les systemes aquatiques
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Rodrigues, Francisco Weliton. "Análise da expressão do gene TP53, polimorfismo do codon 72 e HPV em amostras de pterígio." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2008. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2429.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-29<br>Pterygium is a disease of unknown origin and pathogenesis that can be vision
threatening. Several researchers believe that pterygium is UV-related and that
abnormal expression of p53 protein and infection with human papillomavirus
(HPV) are risk factors for pterygium, but their experiments have been inconclusive.
We investigated its relation with p53 protein expression, p53 gene codon 72
polymorphism and infection with HPV DNA. Pterygial samples were obtained from
36 patients; 21 normal conjunctival samples were used as controls. Expression of
p53 protein was studied by Immunohistochemistry, using the antibody DO-7.
Analysis for the p53 genotype was made with PCR, using specific primers for the
arginine and proline alleles, and an analysis for HPV was made of the pterygium
patients and control group. Fourteen of the 36 pterygia specimens were positive
for abnormal p53 expression. Thirty one of the patients were heterozygotic and
three were homozygotic for the proline allele; two were homozygotic for the
arginine allele; in the control group 12 of 21 were heterozygotic and seven of these
21 were homozygotic for the proline allele; two were homozygotic for the arginine
allele. Twenty-one of the pterygia patients were positive for HPV; HPV type 1 was
found in nine of these, type 2 in seven and both types in five. Only two of the 21
controls had HPV; both had type 16. We suggest that abnormal expression of p53,
p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and HPV DNA are required cofactors for the
development of pterygium.<br>O pterígio é uma doença de origem e patogênese desconhecida que pode
comprometer a visão. Vários pesquisadores acreditam que o pterígio está
relacionado à luz UV e a expressão anormal da proteína p53, além da presença
do papilomavírus humano (HPV), como fatores de risco para o seu
desenvolvimento, mas os resultados são inconclusivos. Investigamos a expressão
da proteína p53, o polimorfismo do codon 72 do gene TP53 e a presença do HPV.
Amostras de pterígio foram obtidas de 36 pacientes e 21 escleras normais
formaram o grupo controle. A expressão de p53 foi analisada por
imunohistoquímica usando anticorpo DO-7. Análise do genótipo de p53 foi
realizada por PCR com primers específicos para os alelos arginina e prolina e a
presença do HPV foi analisada nos dois grupos. Quatorze amostras de pterígio
(39%) foram positivas para expressão anormal de p53. O polimorfismo foi
observado em 31 (86%) amostras heterozigotas, 03 (8%) homozigotas para
prolina e 02 (6%) homozigotas para arginina, enquanto que no grupo controle foi
observado 12 (57%) amostras heterozigotas, 07 (33%) homozigotas para prolina
e 02 (10%) homozigotas para arginina. 21 pterígios (59%) foram positivos para
HPV e o tipo 01 foi encontrado em 43% (9/21), tipo 02 em 34% (7/21) e os dois
tipos simultaneamente em 23% (5/21) amostras do gruppo pterígio. O grupo
controle mostrou 9.5% (2/21) amostras positivas para HPV e o tipo 16 nas duas
amostras. Nossos dados sugerem que a expressão anormal de p53, o
polimorfismo do codon 72 e a presença do HPV podem estar relacionados com o
desenvolvimento do pterígio.
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Maizcurrana, Tornil Aránzazu. "Rehabilitación implantosoportada del sector posterior del maxilar superior severamente atrófico mediante la inserción simultánea de implantes zigomáticos y pterigoideos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400003.
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A día de hoy, la rehabilitación implantosoportada del sector posterior del maxilar superior severamente atrófico continúa siendo un reto, debido a sus peculiaridades anatómicas y funcionales, las cuales dificultan, y en muchos casos imposibilitan, la inserción clásica de fijaciones intraóseas, forzando el desarrollo de una serie de técnicas quirúrgicas especiales como: aplicación de injertos óseos (tipo onlay, tipo inlay), inserción de fijaciones de longitud corta, inserción de fijaciones de diámetro estrecho, regeneración ósea guiada, expansión crestal mediante osteotomos, distracción osteogénica, inserción de fijaciones de diseño específico (tipo pterigoideo, tipo zigomático)
Las fijaciones de diseño específico tipo pterigoideo y zigomático se caracterizan porque son insertadas en el arbotante anatómico pterigoideo y zigomático, respectivamente, zonas que no se ven afectados por la reabsorción fisiológica secundaria a todo proceso de edentulismo; esta característica debería conducir a considerar a este tipo de fijaciones como una muy buena alternativa a los injertos óseos en la rehabilitación implantosoportada del sector posterior del maxilar superior severamente atrófico ya que no requieren la creación de dos campos quirúrgicos y por lo tanto no existe zona donante que pueda ser dañada, no hay demora en el tiempo de tratamiento y la literatura refiere unos índices de supervivencia de 86-100% para las fijaciones zigomáticas y de 88-100% para las fijaciones pterigoideas. La inserción de este tipo de fijaciones es una realidad hoy en día, pero, hasta donde llega el conocimiento de la autora, esta realidad es planteada de manera alternativa, es decir, no se ha publicado la rehabilitación implantosoportada del sector posterior del maxilar superior severamente atrófico mediante la inserción combinada de ambos tipos de fijaciones de diseño específico
Este estudio está basado en 71 pacientes afectos de edentulismo del sector posterior del maxilar superior severamente atrófico, a los cuales se les insertó un total de 133 fijaciones zigomáticas, 100 fijaciones pterigoideas y 122 fijaciones maxilares anteriores; todos los pacientes recibieron fijaciones zigomáticas (de manera única o doble) y fueron divididos en grupos según el tipo de refuerzo que se les aplicó a la/s fijación/es zigomática/s: refuerzo únicamente a nivel anterior mediante la inserción de fijaciones regulares en el maxilar anterior, refuerzo exclusivamente posterior mediante la inserción de fijaciones pterigoideas, doble refuerzo tanto a nivel anterior como posterior. El propósito del estudio ha sido determinar si la rehabilitación protésica implantosoportada del maxilar superior posterior severamente atrófico mediante la inserción de fijaciones de diseño específico tipo zigomáticos (de inserción única o doble) en combinación simultánea con fijaciones de diseño específico tipo pterigoideos y fijaciones de diseño estándar tipo maxilares anteriores (en aquellos casos donde sea factible)es una opción posible y válida desde un punto de vista quirúrgico y, en caso afirmativo, detectar cuál de las posibles combinaciones de inserción puede resultar más ventajosa por presentar unos mayores índices de supervivencia, así como analizar todas aquellas variables de ámbito quirúrgico que pudieran interferir en la correcta osteointegración de ambos tipos de fijaciones de diseño específico<br>Nowadays, the implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic posterior maxilla remains a challenge, due to its anatomical and functional features, which hinder, and in many cases preclude, the classical insertion of intraosseous fixtures, leading to the development of a series of special surgical techniques such as application of bone grafts (onlay, inlay), insertion of short-length fixtures, insertion of narrow-diameter fixtures, bone-guided regeneration, crestal expansion with osteotome, osteogenic distraction, insertion of specific- designed fixtures (pterygoid, zygomatic)
Pterygoid and zygomatic specific- designed fixtures are inserted in pterygoid and zygomatic anatomical buttresses, respectively, areas not affected by physiological resorption secondary to any edentulous process; this feature should lead to consider this type of fixtures as a very good alternative to bone grafts in implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic posterior maxilla because they do not require the creation of two surgical fields and therefore there is no donor site that could be damaged, there is no delay in the treatment duration and literature refers zygomatic survival rates between 86-100% and 88-100% for pterygoid fixtures. The insertion of this type of fixtures is a reality nowadays, but, to the best knowledge of the author, this reality is raised alternatively, i.e., it has not been published the implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic posterior maxilla by the combined insertion of both types of specific-designed fixtures
This study is based on 71 patients with severely atrophic edentulous posterior maxilla, in which were inserted a total of 133 zygomatic fixtures, 122 pterygoid fixtures and 100 anterior maxillary fixtures; all patients received zygomatic fixtures (single or double insertion) and were divided into groups according to the type of reinforcement applied to the zygomatic fixture: only anterior reinforcement by inserting regular fixtures in the anterior maxilla, only posterior reinforcement by inserting pterygoid fixture, double reinforcement both anterior and posterior level. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic posterior maxilla by the insertion of zygomatic specific- designed fixtures (single or double insertion) in simultaneous combination with pterygoid specific-designed fixture and regular anterior maxillary fixture (in cases where feasible) is a viable and valid option from a surgical point of view and, if so, identify which of the possible combinations of insertion may be more advantageous to present a higher survival rates and analyze all surgical variables that might interfere with the correct osseointegration of both types of specific- designed fixtures
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D\'Ippolito, Silvia Fernandes Morgado. "Avaliação do músculo pterigóideo lateral por meio de ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-19122009-120354/.
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O Músculo Pterigóideo Lateral (MPL) desempenha um papel importante nas Desordens Temporomandibulares (DTM), devido à íntima relação deste músculo com a Articulação Temporomandibular (ATM). No entanto, evidências de alterações patológicas dos músculos mastigatórios ainda parecem faltar nas pesquisas da DTM. Este estudo investigou o MPL por meio de Ressonância Magnética (RM) de 50 indivíduos com e sem DTM. Neste trabalho, das 100 ATM analisadas, 35 pacientes com DTM (70 ATM), prevalecendo o gênero feminino e 15 indivíduos sem sinais e sintomas clínicos de DTM (30 ATM) foram incluídos. O MPL foi observado e analisado em diferentes projeções. As imagens sagitais oblíquas e axiais da ATM foram capazes de mostrar os MPL claramente. Hipertrofia, atrofia e contratura do MPL foram as anomalias encontradas. Sinais de DTM, como hipermobilidade, hipomobilidade e deslocamento do disco articular puderam ser observados nas imagens de ATM. Com relação aos sintomas clínicos como dor, sons articulares, cefaléia e limitação nos movimentos mandibulares, foi possível observar que todos os pacientes com DTM apresentavam pelo menos um destes sintomas, sendo as queixas mais presentes dor e estalo; e os pacientes sem DTM também puderam mostrar alterações nas imagens de RM da ATM, como atrofia e contratura muscular, as mais observadas. O reconhecimento das alterações no MPL, podem levar a um diagnóstico mais específico e aumentar o entendimento dos sintomas clínicos e da fisiopatologia da DTM. Estudos futuros são necessários para se continuar avaliando o MPL por meio de RM.<br>The Lateral Pterygoid Muscle (LPM) plays an important role in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), due to the close relation of this muscle with the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). However, evidence of pathological changes of the masticatory muscles still seems to be lacking in the TMD research. This study investigated the LPM by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of 50 subjects with and without TMD. In this work, 100 Temporomandibular joints were analyzed, 35 subjects with TMD (70 TMJs), with the prevalence of female and 15 subjects without clinical signs and symptoms (30 TMJs) were included. The LPM was visible in different projections and analyzed. The oblique sagital and axial images of the TMJ were able to show the LPM clearly. Hipertrophy, atrophy and contracture of the LPM were the abnormalities found. TMD signs, such as hipermobility, hipomobility, disc displacement could be seem in the TMJ images. Related to clinical symptoms like pain, articular sounds, headache, and limitation of mandibular movements, it was possible to observed that all patients with TMD had at least one of these symptoms, pain and click being the most frequent complaint. Patients without TMD could also show alterations in the TMJ MRI, such as atrophy and contracture as the most common. The recognition of LPM alterations may lead to a more specific diagnosis and improvement of understanding of the clinical symptoms and pathophysiology of TMD. Further studies should be necessary to continue evaluating the LPM by MRI.
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Madrid, Carlos. "Etude critique de la technique des Gow-Gates pour l'anesthésie du nerf mandibulaire à la lumière de l'anatomie topographique de la région pterygo-mandibulaire." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30240.
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Les aspects anatomiques d'une technique d'anesthesie loco-regionale du nerf mandibulaire, decrite en 1973 par gow-gates, sont etudies. La specificite anatomique et l'utilisation clinique de cette technique, repandue dans les pays anglo-saxon motivent ce travail. Il constitue une simulation experimentale qui permet une evaluation des risques anatomiques particuliers de la technique. La caracteristique de la technique de gow-gates est de viser la face antero-mediale du condyle mandibulaire a distance du nerf mandibulaire a anesthesier. L'auteur determine comment la solution anesthesique parvient au nerf mandibulaire avec un taux d'efficacite superieur a celui de la technique au foramen mandibulaire. L'echantillon etudie comprend 44 pieces anatomiques humaines fraiches, centrees sur la region pterygo-mandibulaire. 40 pieces traitees selon differents protocoles ont ete reduites en coupes grace au scanigraphe, appareil de coupes a basse temperature par abrasion, concu dans le laboratoire par le prs combelles et boyer. 4 pieces ont ete traitees par digestion enzymatique par papaine activee. 583 cliches couleur de coupes et 117 cliches couleur a partir des pieces par digestion enzymatique, ont ete retenus pour etude. A partir de mesures prises sur 19 pieces, les dimensions et le volume de l'espace interpterygoidien, et ses rapports avec la region pterygo-mandibulaire qui le contient, sont determines. Deux facteurs determinent la diffusion d'une solution anesthesique dans cet espace fonctionnel, quelle que soit la technique regionale employee: le guidage des plans faisciaux interpterygoidiens, l'existence d'ouvertures potentielles de l'espace anatomique. Un modele de diffusion reproductible est decrit: il demontre que l'anesthesie ne resulte pas d'une diffusion aleatoire. L'etude des systemes vasculaires entourant le condyle mandibulaire montre que la cible de la technique de gow-gates est une zone hyper-vascularisee. Le risque d'injection vasculaire ou articulaire au cours de l'injection est mis en evidence. Ce risque specifique mis en balance avec ses avantages propres, condamne la technique proposee par gow-gates
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Fernández, Rubio Esther María [Verfasser]. "Concerning the lack of a muscular antagonist to the lateral pterygoid : Morphogenetic and morphological investigations of the murine temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles from stages E13.25 to P4 / Esther María Fernández Rubio." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241538042/34.
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Benigno, Maria Ivone Mendes 1960. "Análise morfométrica e ultraestrutural dos músculos masseter e pterigóideo medial pós exodontia unilateral de molares inferiores : estudo experimental." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312598.
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Orientadores: Eliane Maria Ingrid Amstalden, Edson Aparecido Liberti<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:17:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Introdução: A atividade mastigatória é uma sincronia entre os músculos da mastigação e articulação temporomandibular (ATM). A perda de dentes é um importante fator que contribui para as disfunções do Sistema Estomatognático e consequentes danos aos músculos mastigadores. Considerando os poucos trabalhos sobre o assunto, a necessidade de maior compreensão e detalhamento quanto às alterações das fibras desta musculatura, especialmente na disfunção pela perda dentária, este estudo teve como objetivos: investigar as alterações morfológicas e ultraestruturais do músculo Pterigoideo Medial (PTM) e Masseter, pós exodontia em modelo experimental. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos wistar para microscopia de luz (ML) e 12 para microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), divididos em três grupos experimentais: GI -15, GII-30 e GIII-60 dias, pós exodontia de molares inferiores esquerdos. Contendo 5 animais experimentais e três controles por grupo para ML e 3 ratos para MET, com 1 controle por grupo. Sob microscopia de luz foram realizados estudos morfométricos e sob luz polarizada, dos músculos PTM e Masseter. A análise morfométrica baseou-se na medida da área das fibras, em cortes transversais, corados pelo H&E (40x.objetiva), com programa digital (software AXION¿vision). Realizadas 240 medidas por animal/ total de 1200 por grupo experimental e 200 medidas por animal/ total de 600 por grupo controle. Análise qualitativa das fibras colágenas foi obtida sob luz polarizada. Também foram observadas, qualitativamente, alterações ultraestruturais destes músculos, ipsilateral às exodontias. Teste ANOVA foi aplicado para a análise dos dados. Resultados: A morfometria da área das fibras do músculo PTM, mostrou redução significante, nos animais submetidos à exodontia, tanto ipsi quanto contralateral. Não foram detectadas diferenças quanto aos quesitos interação entre lados direito e esquerdo e grupos (GI, II e III), nem quando se comparou os lados entre si. Diferenças foram notadas quando se comparou o grupo experimental, nos distintos períodos evolutivos, detectando-se aumento progressivo das áreas das fibras musculares, sendo a média maior no Grupo GIII. Apesar do crescimento progressivo da área das fibras, elas não se tornam hipertróficas nesse estágio avaliatório, uma vez que, a média dos valores obtidos é semelhante à do grupo controle. As fibras do músculo PTM parecem adaptar-se às mudanças. Nenhuma diferença foi detectada quanto à análise morfométrica do músculo Masseter. Ultraestruturalmente, observou-se assimetria e desorganização da linha Z e banda I, apenas no grupo experimental GII, do músculo PTM. A análise das fibras colágenas mostrou que os fascículos musculares são revestidos por uma delicada rede de fibras colágenas do tipo I e do tipo III, com predomínio deste último (fibras reticulares), nos Masseteres, nos diferentes períodos evolutivos. Conclusão: A disfunção temporomandibular, promovida pela exodontia unilateral de molares inferiores em ratos, pode levar a alterações morfométricas ipsi e contralaterais, com redução de áreas de fibras, particularmente no PTM. Entretanto as fibras musculares parecem se adaptar às novas condições, ao longo do experimento. A linha Z e banda I são as mais sensíveis a essa disfunção, no músculo PTM, contudo efêmera, uma vez que foi observada apenas no grupo GII. O músculo PTM mostrou-se mais vulnerável, provavelmente pelas suas características funcionais próprias e maior participação na dinâmica dos movimentos mastigatórios, comparadas às do Masseter. As fibras colágenas do tipo I e do tipo III são os constituintes principais das estruturas fibro conjuntivas desses músculos, com predomínio do tipo III no Masseter e parecem não ser afetadas nesse procedimento<br>Abstract: The loss of dental elements is an important factor in stomatognathic system dysfunctions and consequential damage to the masticatory muscles. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphometric and ultrastructural changes of the pterygoid medial(PTM) and masseter muscle, under occlusal defects, induced by unilateral left molar extraction, of Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were used: 24 for light microscopy (LM) and 12 for transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM), divided into three experimental groups (GI-15; GII-30 and GIII-60 days), containing 5 animals each for LM with 3 control and 3 for TEM with one animal control for each period. Morphometric studies were made measuring the area of PTM and Masseter muscle fibers ipsi and contralateral to dental extraction, using a digital program. A qualitative analysis was performed to evaluate the ultrastructural findings and of the PTM and Masseter muscle. The results were compared using ANOVA test. There was a reduction of area of PTM of animals undergoing tooth extraction, both ipsi as contralateral. Both sides were similar when compared with each other, as assessed in the various evolutive periods. Differences were observed in the fiber area, especially in the first group and these showed progressive increase, reaching their highest average in GIII. No difference was detected regarding the morphometric analysis of the masseter muscle. For ultrastructure observed asymmetry and disorganization of Z line and I band, only the experimental group GII, muscle PTM. The analysis of the collagen fibers showed that the muscle fascicles are lined by a delicate network of collagen type I and type III, with a predominance of the latter (reticular fibers), in the masseter, in different evolutionary periods. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, promoted by unilateral molar extraction in wistar rats, can lead to morphometric changes ipsi and contralateral with reduction of areas, particularly in the PTM. However seem to adapt to new conditions throughout the experiment. The band Z and the ith row of the muscle cytoskeleton are the most sensitive to this, dysfunction in muscle PTM, however ephemeral, since it was observed only in the Group (GII) with 30 days of the experiment. The muscle PTM proved to be more vulnerable in this experimental model, probably for its own functional features and greater participation in the dynamics of the masticatory movements, compared to the Masseter. The collagen fibers of type I and type III are the major constituents of the connective fibrous tissue structures of these muscles, with a predominance of type III in the Masseter and doesn't seem to be affected, to this procedure<br>Doutorado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Doutora em Ciências Médicas
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Rolfini, Elisa Camila Santos 1989. "Finite element analysis of the simulated mechanical stresses in molar occlusion in the pterygoid pillar of a human skull = Análise de elementos finitos das tensões mecânicas simuladas em oclusão molar no pilar pterigoideo de um crânio humano." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288833.
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Orientador: Felippe Bevilacqua Prado<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T08:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: O esqueleto facial é formado por uma estrutura ideal para resistir às forças mastigatórias. O pilar pterigoideo suporta as tensões provenientes da mastigação posterior. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição das tensões mecânicas simuladas no pilar pterigoideo, baseado em sua geometria, por meio da análise de elementos finitos. Foi selecionada uma tomografia computadorizada de um crânio humano seco do Laboratório de Elementos Finitos, Departamento de Morfologia, Área Anatomia, FOP / UNICAMP. No laboratório de Elementos Finitos foi utilizado o software InVesalius 3.0 (Brasil) para a realização da segmentação das imagens da tomografia computadorizada e, assim, selecionou-se o conjunto de imagens referentes à estrutura óssea e aos dentes de interesse na análise. As estruturas segmentadas foram reconstruídas tridimensionalmente e exportadas em formato estereolitográfico (STL). Este arquivo foi importado para o software Rhinoceros 5.0 (McNeil, Assoc USA), no qual foi realizada a modelagem Bio-CAD para obtenção da geometria. O modelo geométrico (CAD) obtido foi importado ao software ANSYS v14 (USA) para realização da análise de elementos finitos. Neste software, como configuração da análise foram aplicadas as seguintes condições: simetria na superfície de corte do plano sagital mediano, simulando a presença do lado oposto do modelo e restrições nos planos de corte superior e posterior. No segundo e no terceiro molares superiores foi adicionado um suporte fixo em sua face oclusal. As forças dos músculos elevadores da mandíbula foram aplicadas em cada área correspondente às suas respectivas origens no crânio humano. A ação das forças musculares juntamente com o suporte na face oclusal dos segundo e terceiro molares superiores resultaram na simulação de uma condição de oclusão molar. Foram avaliadas Tensões de Von-Mises. A partir do processo alveolar na altura do segundo e terceiro molares superiores, as tensões se concentraram na tuberosidade da maxila, se estendendo até o processo piramidal do osso palatino, e se distribuíram para o processo pterigoide, o qual apresentou menores valores de tensão. No terço superior deste processo, as tensões foram menores do que em outras regiões. Concluiu-se que as estruturas anatômicas que compõem o pilar pterigoideo atuaram como regiões de transferência de tensões à base do crânio<br>Abstract: The facial skeleton is formed by an ideal structure to resist masticatory forces. The pterygoid pillar supports the tensions arising from the posterior chewing. The aim was to evaluate the stresses distribution simulated in the pterygoid pillar, based on its geometry, by FEA. Was used selected a CT scan files a dry human skull of Finite Element Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Anatomy area, FOP / UNICAMP. In the Laboratory Finite Element (Piracicaba, Brazil) was used was used InVesalius 3.0 (Brazil) software to perform the segmentation of images computed tomography and, thus, was selected the set of pictures related to bone structure and teeth of interest in the analysis. The segmented structures were reconstructed three-dimensionally and exported in estereolitographic format (STL). This file was imported into Rhinoceros 5.0 (McNeil, Assoc USA) software, in which the modeling Bio-CAD was performed to obtain the geometry. The geometric model (CAD) obtained was imported to ANSYS v14 (USA) software to perform the finite element analysis. On this software as configuration analysis the following conditions were applied: symmetry on the cut surface of the median sagittal plane, simulating the presence of the opposite side of the model and restrictions in the plans of superior and posterior cut. In the second and third molars superiors was added a fixed support at its occlusal surface. The forces of the elevator muscles of the mandible were applied in each corresponding area their respective origins in the human skull. The action of muscle strength along with support on the occlusal surface of the second and third molars superiors resulted in the simulation in a condition of molar occlusion. Tensions Von-Mises were evaluated. From the alveolar process at the time of the second and third molars, tensions concentrated on the maxillary tuberosity, extending into the pyramidal process of the palatine bone, and distributed to the pterygoid process, which presented lower stress values. In the upper third of the process, the stresses were lower than in other regions. It was concluded that the anatomical structures that compose the pterygoid pillar regions acted as transfer of stresses to the skull base<br>Mestrado<br>Anatomia<br>Mestra em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Reis, Ana Filipa Moreira. "Distonias oromandibulares." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4602.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária<br>As distonias oromandibulares (DOM) são desordens neuromusculares raras que consistem em espasmos prolongados derivados de contrações dos músculos da cavidade oral e da mandíbula.
Os músculos envolvidos podem ser os da mastigação, os da expressão facial ou até mesmo os da língua.
Atualmente a fisiopatologia ainda não é clara e não existe tratamento que a elimine. Contudo, para a maioria das distonias focais, como é o caso da distonia oromandibular, os tratamentos variam entre a utilização de fármacos pela via sistémica e através de injeções de toxina botulínica aplicadas localmente.
Esta revisão bibliográfica narrativa teve como objetivo principal identificar as características clinicas da DOM e diferenciá-la de patologias com manifestações clínicas sobreponíveis. Desta forma poderá realizar-se uma anamenese eficiente que permita ao Médico Dentista detetar fatores desencadeantes e, principalmente, ajudar a manter uma boa qualidade de vida aos doentes com DOM.
Para a sua realização utilizaram-se as seguintes palavras- chave: : “dystonia”, “oromandibular dystonia”, “movement disorders”, “muscular dystonia”, “sensory tricks”, “motion syndrome”, “lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia”, “pathophysiology”, “clinical characteristics”, “general characteristics”, “functional characteristics”, “diagnosis”,”treatment”, “botulinum toxin”, “Wilson disease”, “Meige syndrome”, “Towrettê syndrome”, “Ataxia type 8”, “blepharospasms”. nas suas mais diversas combinações.
É de extrema importância que o médico dentista esteja informado sobre as DOM, dado que, elas podem manifestar-se após tratamentos dentários e serem frequentemente mal diagnosticadas. The oromandibulares dystonias (OMD) are rare neuromuscular disorders that consist in long spasms derivative from the contraction of the muscles of the mouth and jaw. The muscles involved may be the mastication muscles, facial expression muscles or even the tongue muscles. Currently, the pathophysiology is still unclear and there is no known treatment. However, for most focal dystonias, such as oromandibular dystonia, the treatment varies between the use of drugs for systemically and locally by injection of botulinum toxin. . This narrative literature review aims to identifying the clinical characteristics of OMD and knowing how to differentiate them from diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. So, an efficient anamnesis allows the Dentist to detect triggers and mainly, helps to maintain a good quality of life of the patient with OMD.
For this review were used the following key words: : “dystonia”, “oromandibular dystonia”, “movement disorders”, “muscular dystonia”, “sensory tricks”, “motion syndrome”, “lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia”, “pathophysiology”, “clinical characteristics”, “general characteristics”, “functional characteristics”, “diagnosis”,”treatment”, “botulinum toxin”, “Wilson disease”, “Meige syndrome”, “Towrettê syndrome”, “Ataxia type 8”, “blepharospasms” in diverse combinations. It is extremely important that dentist is informed with OMD, since they can manifest after the following dental treatments and are often misdiagnose.
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Chávez, Sevillano Manuel Gustavo 1970. "Efeito da expansão palatina sobre o processo pterigoide, sincondrose esfeno-occipital e sela turca em crânios com relação esquelética classe II e classe III pela análise de elementos finitos (AEF) = Effect of the palatal expansion on the pterygoid process, spheno-occipital synchondrosis and sella turcica in skulls with class II and class III skeletal relationship by finite element analysis (FEA)." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288831.
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Orientador: Felippe Bevilacqua Prado<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T09:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: A Técnica de Expansão Palatina é usada frequentemente para corrigir a mordida cruzada posterior, atresia transversal maxilar e aumentar o perímetro da arcada dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar pela análise de elementos finitos o efeito simulado da expansão palatina sobre o processo pterigoide, sincondrose esfeno-occipital e sela turca em dois crânios com relação esquelética tipo Classe II e Classe III, identificando a distribuição das tensões mecânicas nessas estruturas anatômicas. Para isso, foram selecionadas duas Tomografias Computorizadas Cone Beam de dois crânios de 13 anos de idade e com atresia transversal da maxila. Um modelo de elemento finito de cada crânio foi gerado usando os dados extraídos das imagens digitalizadas tipo DICOM. Foram obtidas imagens espiraladas em cortes de 0,25 mm. de espessura por 1mm. de intervalo das estruturas craniofaciais. Uma força de 100 Newton transversal e paralela ao plano oclusal foi aplicada ao nível do primeiro molar e primeiro pré-molar permanente superior do modelo, simulando uma situação clínica da expansão palatina. As imagens scaneadas foram visualizadas com o software Mimics V.17 para a construção dos modelos de referência em formato STL (Stereolitografia). A posterior construção das geometrias em modelos Bio-CAD foram efetuado com a ajuda do software Rhinoceros 3D 5.0. A malha de elementos finitos dos modelos foi construída no software Ansys V.14. Foram incorporadas as propriedades mecânicas do osso, sutura palatina mediana e a sincondrose esfeno-occipital em cada malha dos crânios. Para uma melhor análise dos efeitos biomecânicos os modelos de elementos finitos foram cortados sagitalmente e logo identificados pontos craniométricos para sua avaliação. A tensão equivalente de Von Mises e a Tensão máxima principal foram avaliadas e comparadas em ambos os crânios. Os resultados mostraram que a Técnica de Expansão Palatina teve um efeito direito sobre o processo pterigoide, sincondrose esfeno-occipital e sela turca na Classe II esquelética por protrusão da maxila e na Classe III esquelética por retrusão da maxila. Em geral nós observamos que o modelo Classe III mostrou maiores valores de tensões do que o modelo Classe II especialmente nas estruturas como a sincondrose esfeno-occipital e a sela turca<br>Abstract: The Palatal Expansion Technique is often used to correct the posterior cross bite, maxillary transversal colapse and increase the perimeter of the dental arch. The objective of this study was evaluate by Finite Element Analysis the biomechanics effect on the Pterygoid processes, the Spheno-occipital synchondrosis and the Sella turcica in two skulls with Class II and Class III skeletal relationship, identifying the distribution of mechanical stresses in these anatomical structures. For this, we selected two Computerized Tomography Cone Beam of skulls with 13 years old and maxillary transversal collapse. A finite element model of craniofacial structure of each skull was generated using data extracted from scanned images DICOM type. Spiral images were obtained at 0.25 mm thick by 1 mm slices range of craniofacial structures. A force of 100 Newton horizontal and parallel to the occlusal plane was applied at the level of the first molar and upper first permanent premolar model, simulating a clinical situation of the Palatal Expansion. Images scanned were viewed with Mimics V.17 software for the construction of the reference models in STL format (Stereolithography). The subsequent construction of the geometries of Bio-CAD models were made with the help of Rhinoceros 3D software 5.0. The finite element mesh of the models was built in Ansys V.14 software. The mechanical properties of bone, sutures and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis were incorporated in each mesh of skulls. In order to observe with bigger clarity the biomechanical effects, the finite-elements models were cut sagittally and then identified craniometrics points for the evaluation. The Von-Mises stress and maximum principal stress were evaluated and compared in both skulls. The results revealed that the Palatal Expansion Technique had a direct effect on the the Pterygoid processes, the Spheno-occipital synchondrosis and the Sella turcica in the Class II skeletal relationship by maxillary protrusion and in the Class III skeletal relationship by maxillary hypoplasia. In general, we observed that the Class III model presented higher values stress than the Class II model, especially in the Spheno-occipital synchondrosis and the Sella turcica structures<br>Mestrado<br>Anatomia<br>Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Rosová, Kateřina. "Růst a vývoj hmyzích křídel v průběhu ontogeneze se zřetelem na skupinu Palaeodictyoptera." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435870.
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The series of two fossil species belonging to the order Palaeodictyoptera from the Late Carboniferous of Kuznetsk Basin in Russia were re-examined. The two species as Tchirkovaea guttata and Paimbia fenestrata were investigated with emphasis on the wing growth and development in comparison with the structure of developing wings in recent mayflies. This fossil material of T. guttata and P. fenestrata was long considered by previous authors as undisputed evidence for a unique type of wing development in the Palaeozoic insects. The idea was that the larvae of these insects possessed the wings, which became articulated and fully movable already earlier during the postembryonic development and that these gradually growing wings changed their position from longitudinal to perpendicular to the body axis. Moreover, the development was supposed to include two or more subimaginal instars, implying that the fully winged instars moulted several times during postembryonic development. After detailed study of the available fossils and subsequent comparison of the fossil evidence with the development of wings in the recent mayfly Cloeon dipterum it was discovered, that the alleged series of immature, subimaginal and imaginal wings of T. guttata and P. fenestrata do not provide clear evidence that would support...
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Muller, Franck. "Ensuring the Safety of Classical Biological Control for Cabbage Seedpod Weevil in Canada: Assessment of the Ecological Host Range of Candidate Ectoparasitoids in Europe and Clarification of their Taxonomic Status." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B00B-0.
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Kertesz, Thomas. "Architecture of the human lateral pterygoid muscle: A three-dimensional analysis." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370201&T=F.
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Büsse, Sebastian. "The Thorax of Odonata (Insecta)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BB76-C.
Full textAbstract:
In meiner Dissertation befasse ich mich mit der Morphologie und der Evolution des
Thorax der Libellen (Odonata). Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Morphologie der
Muskulatur und auf der Homologisierung der Libellenmuskeln mit einem generalisierten
Grundbauplan der neopteren Insekten (vereinfacht – alle anderen geflügelten Insekten).
Zudem wurden die Skelettelemente der Odonata eingehend behandelt und die
bestehenden Homologiehypothesen wurden erweitert und gestützt. Darüber hinaus habe
ich mich mit der Morphologie, Genetik, Biogeografie und der damit zusammenhängenden
Verwandtschaft sehr seltener asiatischer Libellen (Epiophlebia) auseinander gesetzt.
Letztere Gruppe von asiatischen Libellen nimmt eine Sonderstellung innerhalb der Odonata
ein. Die Gruppe Epiophlebia ist in einem gut begründeten Schwestergruppenverhältnis
mit den Großlibellen positioniert (Epiprocta) und stellt somit die einzige Libellengruppe
dar, die nicht zu den Groß- oder Kleinlibellen gruppiert werden kann. Die vier bekannten
Arten von Epiophlebia sind an einen extremen Lebensraum angepasst. Sie bevorzugen
kalte, schnell fließende Gebirgsbäche in Höhen von 1000-3500 Meter ü. NHN (Stenökie),
sind aber auch an einen solchen Lebensraum gebunden. Die vier Arten kommen räumlich
weit voneinander getrennt (disjunkte Verbreitung) auf dem asiatischen Kontinent vor.
Ihre jeweiligen Verbreitungsgebiete haben heutzutage keinen Überlappungsbereich, was
für eine Artaufspaltung durch räumliche Isolation (Separation) spricht. Daher sind die
genetischen Ergebnisse von drei der vier Arten, die eine hohe Homogenität der einzelnen
DNA Abschnitte (Sequenzen) aufzeigen, sehr überraschend. Diese Ergebnisse führen zu der
Annahme eines biogeographischen Szenarios, welches einen gemeinsamen Lebensraum
von Epiophlebia in der Würm-Eiszeit (vor ungefähr 20.000 Jahren) annimmt. Bei Rückgang
der Eismassen wurde die Epiophlebia-Population durch ihre starke Stenökie in getrennte
Populationen in Glazialrefugien – vereinfacht gesprochen kalt gebliebene Rückzugsgebiete
– zurück gedrängt, in denen sie heute noch vorkommt. Dieser für evolutive Prozesse kurze
Zeitraum kann die genetische Homogenität erklären. Dennoch bleibt die Frage nach dem
Artstatus der vier Epiophlebia-Arten o!en: Sind sie eine einzige Art? Dies würde bedeuten,
dass sie eine voneinander räumlich getrennte Population darstellen. In diesem Fall wäre
die Art Epiophlebia superstes Sélys, 1889. Oder sind sie wirklich vier getrennte Arten, so wie
es der derzeitige Stand der Forschung annimmt. Die Frage nach dem Artstatus konnte
zumindest für eine zweite Art Epiophlebia laidlawi Tillard, 1921 in einer darauf folgenden
morphologischen Studie positiv beantwortet werden, so dass zwei Arten angenommen
werden können.
Eine weitere Studie, die sich aus der genetischen Untersuchung von Epiophlebia ergeben hat,
umfasst eine genetische Sequenz (S4-Region des 28s rRNA Gens), die für ein universelles
Verfahren zur Art-Identifikation bei Insekten geeignet ist. Hierbei wurden die meisten aller
Insektengruppen erfolgreich auf die Art identifiziert. Unsere Untersuchung umfasst 85
Proben aus 65 Insektenarten – mindestens eine Art aus jeder Großgruppe, die früher als
Gattungen geführte wurde. Bei diesem sogenannten Barcoding, also dem Identifizieren
von Arten mit Hilfe einer genetischen Analyse, kommt es häufig zu Schwierigkeiten. Wirhaben gezeigt, dass unser System große Vorteile gegenüber bereits bestehenden Systemen
(z.B. COI) hat. Sie liegen vor allem in der universellen Anwendbarkeit sowie der hohen
Funktionalität, da dieses Analyseverfahren auch bei stark degradierter DNA (z.B. durch
Alterung, Verwitterung oder chemische Beeinflussung verursacht) anwendbar ist.
Die Untersuchungen zum Libellenthorax umfassen zwei Studien über adulte Kleinlibellen
(Zygoptera). Hier wurden in einer Studie sowohl die Skelettelemente als auch die Muskulatur
des Flugapparates untersucht. Eine weitere Studie umfasste die gesamte Muskulatur
des Thorax bei Großlibellennymphen (Anisoptera-). Ziel war es, den wenig untersuchten
Thorax der Zygoptera und der Libellen-Nymphen grundsätzlich besser zu verstehen und
deren morphologische Eigenheiten aufzuzeigen, um diese Daten zu nutzen und um
sie nach homologen Merkmalen zu untersuchen. Für die Analyse wurden traditionelle
morphologische Verfahren, welches das Sezieren der Tiere und darau!olgendes Zeichnen
beinhalten, mit modernen röntgentomographischen Verfahren (SR"CT), inklusive
3D-Rekonstruktion, kombiniert, um ein bestmögliches Ergebnis zu erhalten. Hierbei
wurden insgesamt elf für Libellen bisher unbekannte Muskeln beschrieben.
Mit Hilfe dieser Daten wird das erste vollständige Homologie-Schema zwischen der
Thoraxmuskulatur von Odonata und neopteren Insekten aufgestellt. Weiterhin werden
die bereits aufgestellten Homologien der skelettalen Elemente des Flugapparates
belegt und deutlich erweitert. Hierfür wurden unter anderem die Muskelansatzstellen
als weiteres wichtiges Homologiekriterium erstmalig diskutiert. Die Gesamtheit dieser
Homologiefeststellungen ermöglicht zum ersten Mal den direkten Vergleich von Libellen,
die einen stark abgeleiteten Flugapparat besitzen, mit allen anderen geflügelten Insekten
(Pterygota) vorzunehmen. Somit ist es möglich, Rückschlüsse auf die Evolution und deren
Grundmuster von Libellen einerseits aber auch den gesamten Pterygota andererseits zu
ziehen. Diese Homologien erö!nen neue Vergleichsmöglichkeiten und ein komplett neues
Set an Merkmalen für spätere Verwandtschaftsanalysen der Pterygota. So gibt uns die
Ausbildung eines der wichtigsten Teile des Flügelgelenks, des Subalare, Hinweise auf die
Verwandschaftshypothese der Palaeoptera [Libellen+Eintagsfliegen].
Darüber hinaus war es möglich, einen generalisierten Libellenthorax mit allen derzeit
bekannten Muskeln zu erstellen, was die Arbeit und die Identifikation von Muskeln im
Libellenthorax erheblich vereinfacht und den Zugang zu diesem komplexen Gebiet
deutlich erleichtert. Dieser generalisierte Libellenthorax ist der Ausgangspunkt für ein
hypothetisches Grundmuster der Pterygota und kann tiefe Einblicke in die Entstehung
und Evolution des Flugapparates der Insekten ermöglichen.
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Mitterboeck, T. Fatima. "Consequences of Insect Flight Loss for Molecular Evolutionary Rates and Diversification." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3679.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the molecular evolutionary and macroevolutionary consequences of flight loss in insects. Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that flightless groups have smaller effective population sizes than related flighted groups, expected to result in a consistent pattern of increased non-synonymous to synonymous ratios in flightless lineages due to the greater effect of genetic drift in smaller populations. Chapter 3 tests the hypothesis that reduced dispersal and species-level traits such as range size associated with flightlessness increase extinction rates, which over the long term will counteract increased speciation rates in flightless lineages, leading to lower net diversification. The wide-spread loss of flight in insects has led to increased molecular evolutionary rates and is associated with decreased long-term net diversification. I demonstrate that the fundamental trait of dispersal ability has shaped two forms of diversity—molecular and species—in the largest group of animals, and that microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns do not necessarily mirror each other.<br>Generously funded by NSERC with a Canada Graduate Scholarship and the Government of Ontario with an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to T. Fatima Mitterboeck; NSERC with a Discovery Grant to Dr. Sarah J. Adamowicz
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Moosajee, Nazreen. "A study to determine the effects of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint versus ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the treatment of tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12367.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech. (Chiropractic)<br>Headache is the most common type of pain and is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation (Rasmussen, 1995). Tension-type headaches cause substantial levels of disability for the patient as well as the global society because of its high prevalence in the general population (Stovner, Hagen, Jensen, 2007). Tension-Type headache is a primary headache commonly found in three forms: infrequent episodic, frequent episodic and chronic with or without pericranial tenderness (International Headache Society, 2009). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint in conjunction with ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle as a treatment protocol for tension-type headache. Method: This study consisted of three groups of sixteen participants each with tension-type headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 years of age. Potential participants were examined and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group one received chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint. Group two received ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Group three received a combination treatment of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint and ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Objective and subjective finding were based on the treatment sessions. Procedure: All participants received a total of six treatments over two weeks followed by a seventh visit which consisted of data gathering only. The subjective data collected was in the form of a TMJ symptom questionnaire completed at visit one and seven and a Headache Disability Index (HDI) completed at visits one, three and seven. TMJ motion was measured by means of a vernier caliper.
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Easton, Jeffrey Waldemar. "Condylar growth and function of the lateral pterygoid and superficial masseter muscles in the rat this thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... in orthodontics ... /." 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=J289AAAAMAAJ.
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Geldenhuys, Barry. "Bilateral sagittal spilt mandibular ramus osteotomy: The influence of stripping the medial pterygoid muscle on proximal segment control for mandibular advancement procedures." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 2013<br>One of the goals during surgical repositioning of the mandible is to ensure a
correct condyle-fossa relationship and to maintain the position of the proximal
segment at the time of placement of rigid fixation. During setback procedures,
accurate control of the proximal segment is influenced by the medial pterygoid
muscle and stylomandibular ligament. These structures are therefore stripped
from the medial surface of the mandibular angle during surgery.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the muscle
attachment on proximal segment control in mandibular advancement surgery.
Clockwise or counterclockwise rotations of the proximal segment during
surgery of two groups of patients were compared. In one group, the medial
pterygoid muscle was stripped during surgery while in the other group the
medial pterygoid muscle was left attached. The second group formed part of
the historical development phase of the surgical technique for mandibular
advancement procedures.
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Jai-Nien та 童瑞年. "The study of the pterygium pathogenesis in Taiwan:(I)An Association Between BPDE-Like DNA Adduct Levels and CYP1A1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms(II)CyclinD1 protein expressed in pterygia is associated with β-catenin protein localization". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98484517664812742504.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>中山醫學大學<br>醫學研究所<br>99<br>(I)英文摘要
Purpose: BaP 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide (BPDE), an ultimate metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), attacks deoxyguanosine to form a BPDE-N2-dG adduct resulting in p53 mutations. Both cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) have been demonstrated to be involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The relationship between BPDE-like DNA adduct levels and CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in pterygium is not clear. Therefore, BPDE-like DNA adducts, and CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms were detected in this study to provide more molecular evidence to understand the cause of BPDE-like DNA adduct formation in pterygium.
Methods: In this study, immunohistochemical staining, using a polyclonal antibody on BPDE-like DNA adducts, was performed on 103 pterygial specimens. For the analysis of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms, DNA samples were extracted from epithelial cells and then subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction for the determination of mutation and genotype of the CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes.
Results: BPDE-like DNA adducts were detected in 33.0% (34/103) of the pterygium samples. The differences in DNA adduct levels were associated with the genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 but not GSTM1. Additionally, the risk of BPDE-like DNA adducts formation for patients with CYP1A1 m2/m2 and m1/m2 was 9.675-fold than that of patients with m1/m1 types (p=0.001, 95% CI 2.451 –38.185).
Conclusion: Our data provides evidence that the BPDE-like DNA adduct formation in pterygium samples was associated with CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms.
(II)英文摘要
Background: The Wnt (Wg/Wnt) signaling cascade plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Our previous report indicated that aberrant localization of β-catenin proteins was a feature of pterygia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association of β-catenin protein and expression of a downstream gene, cyclin D1, in pterygial tissues.
Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein expression was studied, in 150 pterygial specimens and 30 normal conjunctivas.
Results: Seventy-three (48.7%) and 60 (40.0%) pterygial specimens tested positive for β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein expression, respectively. Cyclin D1protein expression was significantly higher in β-catenin-nuclear/cytoplasmic positive groups than in β-catenin membrane positive and negative groups (p&lt;0.0001). In addition, cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher in the fleshy group than in the atrophic and intermediate groups (p=0.006).
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that β-catenin expressed in nuclei/cytoplasm increases cyclinD1 protein expression, which invokes pterygial cell proliferation.
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Benchimol, Maxime. "Complicações pós e intra-operatórias na anestesia de bloqueio regional do nervo alveolar inferior." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9644.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Esta revisão narrativa examina artigos de particular interesse sobre o tema:
complicações anestésicas do nervo alveolar inferior.
Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é determinar o que pode levar a complicações
anestésicas do nervo alveolar inferior, o seu tratamento e prevenção.
Materiais e Métodos: As buscas foram realizadas nos websites SCIELO, B-ON e PUB MED,
utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: "anasthesia, complications alveolar inferior”, com o
objetivo de angariar e debater o máximo de informação sobre este tema.
Resultados e Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos revelam a importância de reconhecer a
anatomia do nervo alveolar inferior e sua envolvência, do tipo de técnicas anestésicas e material
utilizável sendo assim capaz de diminuir a probabilidade de erros e complicações intra e pós
anestésicas. Devendo também reconhecer estas complicações caso ocorram e como as
solucionar.<br>Introduction: This narrative review examines articles of particular interest for anesthetic
complications of the lower aleveolar nerve.
Objectives: The objective of this narrative review is to determine how to approach anesthetic
complications of the lower aleveolar nerve, treatment, prevention.
Materials and Methods: The searches were carried out on the websites SCIELO, B-ON and
PUB MED, using the following keywords: "anasthesia,lower alveolar complications", in order
to gather and discuss as much information as possible on this topic.
Results and Conclusions: The results obtained reveal the importance of recognizing the
anatomy of the lower alveolar nerve and its involvement, the type of anesthetic techniques and
material that can be used, thus being able to reduce the probability of intra- and post-anesthetic
errors and complications. It should also recognize these complications if they occur and how to
solve them.