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Journal articles on the topic 'PTO power'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sun, Weijie, Yujie Zhou, Zhengang Wan, Xiaoguo Zhou, and Wanchao Zhang. "Power take-off damping control performance on the power conversion of oscillating-buoy wave energy converter." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part A (2021): 4107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106107s.

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The power take-off (PTO) damping mechanism is very important to the motion and power conversion for the wave energy converters. Based upon the potential flow theory, the series expression with unknown Fourier coefficients of velocity potential function of the basin where the cylindrical floating buoy is located is obtained by using the eigenfunction expansion method. According to the characteristics of the PTO damper, the motion and wave energy conversion characteristics of the float under the linear and non-linear PTO damping are studied, respectively, and the over-damping problem under the l

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2

Roh, Chan. "Maximum Power Control Algorithm for Power Take-Off System Based on Hydraulic System for Floating Wave Energy Converters." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050603.

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In this study, a hydraulic system generator power converter was modeled to verify the performance of a hydraulic-based power take-off (PTO) system. Moreover, the characteristics and output performance of the PTO system were analyzed with various load control algorithms applied for maximum power control. The simulation performance was verified through a comparison with actual sea test results. Unlike previous studies on hydraulic-based PTO system control for input power performance, the performance of a hydraulic-based PTO system was analyzed through electrical load control in this study. The e

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3

Xu, Jianan, Yansong Yang, Yantao Hu, Tao Xu, and Yong Zhan. "MPPT Control of Hydraulic Power Take-Off for Wave Energy Converter on Artificial Breakwater." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050304.

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Wave energy is a renewable energy source that is green, clean and has huge reserves. In order to develop wave energy resources, an oscillating buoy Wave Energy Converter (WEC) device based on the artificial breakwater is presented in this paper. In order to effectively vent the gas in the hydraulic PTO and to improve the active control capability of the PTO system to guarantee the safety performance of the system under high sea conditions, a hydraulic PTO with an active control circuit is designed. Additionally, for the Power Take-Off (PTO) system, there is a optimal damping point under differ

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4

Balitsky, Philip, Nicolas Quartier, Gael Verao Fernandez, Vasiliki Stratigaki, and Peter Troch. "Analyzing the Near-Field Effects and the Power Production of an Array of Heaving Cylindrical WECs and OSWECs Using a Coupled Hydrodynamic-PTO Model." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123489.

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The Power Take-Off (PTO) system is the key component of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) that distinguishes it from a simple floating body because the uptake of the energy by the PTO system modifies the wave field surrounding the WEC. Consequently, the choice of a proper PTO model of a WEC is a key factor in the accuracy of a numerical model that serves to validate the economic impact of a wave energy project. Simultaneously, the given numerical model needs to simulate many WEC units operating in close proximity in a WEC farm, as such conglomerations are seen by the wave energy industry as the pa

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5

Huang, Qitao, Peng Wang, Yudong Liu, and Bowen Li. "Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Power Take-Off Based on AQWA." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113918.

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The AQWA software is often used to perform hydrodynamic analysis, and it is highly convenient for performing frequency domain simulations of Pelamis-like wave energy converters. However, hydraulic power take-off (PTO) must be simplified to a linear damping model or a Coulomb torque model when performing a time domain simulation. Although these simulation methods can reduce the computational complexity, they may not accurately reflect the energy capture characteristics of the hydraulic PTO. By analyzing system factors such as the flow and pressure of each branch of the hydraulic PTO, the output

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6

Özbek, Osman, and Mustafa Ahmed Jalal Al-Sammarraie. "Determination of Operating Characteristics of 540 and 540E PTO Applications in Disc Type Silage Machines." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 8 (2020): 1692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1692-1696.3462.

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In this study, performance characteristics such as power take off (PTO) power consumption, fuel consumption, fuel consumption for the unit field-unit product were determined at different working speeds with two different PTO applications (540 and 540E) in a single row disc type silage machine. In particular, the 540E PTO application greatly reduces fuel consumption for unit work. The best results in terms of hourly fuel consumption were achieved in 540E PTO application and V1 working speed. When the field - product fuel consumption is evaluated, the best results were obtained with the 540E PTO

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7

Šmerda, Tomáš, and Jiří Čupera. "Combined loading of tractor’s engine." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 1 (2010): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058010199.

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The paper deals with influence of combined load of engine on drawbar properties of a tractor. The aim was focused on determination of power consumed via PTO and the impact on drawbar pull. During the development of the tractor is assumed that certain work will transfer operations from 60 to 60% over the PTO. Combined loading of engine power significantly reduces driving force as well as drawbar pull. In general, any change in power distribution will affect power balance and overall efficiency. Nevertheless, decreasing of drawbar force enables higher efficiency due to lower resistance in transm

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8

Masella, Piernicola, Lorenzo Guerrini, Alessandro Parenti, Fabio Baldi, and Paolo Spugnoli. "Performance of a driven hitch-cart for draft animal power under different power take-off torque and ballast levels condition." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 4 (2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.538.

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The performance of a two-wheel driven hitch-cart designed for draft animal power has been assessed. The cart fits a three-point linkage system and a ground-driven power take-off (PTO). Conventional pneumatic tires and metallic wheels have been tested in dedicated draft trials with increasing torque applied to PTO (7.0 to 70 Nm) at two ballast levels (100 and 200 kg). Draft force varies from a minimum of about 760 N (pneumatic tires and the lowest ballast), up to about 4480 N (metallic wheels and the highest ballast), with a linear increase as a function of the PTO applied torque. In term of gl

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9

Cao, Ran. "Modeling and analysis of wave energy generation device using particle swarm optimization algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2964, no. 1 (2025): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2964/1/012033.

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Abstract This paper studies the maximum power optimization method of swinging buoy wave energy power generation device (PTO system) based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This device makes the float and the oscillator move relative to each other through the heaving action of the waves, driving the damper to do work and output energy. Based on the wave theory and single-degree-of-freedom damped system model, this paper assumes that seawater is an ideal fluid, establishes a mechanical model of the float and oscillator, and solves the equations of motion through the Runge-Kutta

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10

Nam, Ji Woo, Yong Jun Sung, and Seong Wook Cho. "Effective Mooring Rope Tension in Mechanical and Hydraulic Power Take-Off of Wave Energy Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179803.

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The InWave wave energy converter (WEC), which is three-tether WEC type, absorbs wave energy via moored cylindrical buoys with three ropes connected to a terrestrial power take-off (PTO) through a subsea pulley. In this study, a simulation study was conducted to select a suitable PTO when designing a three-tether WEC. The mechanical PTO transfers energy from the buoy to the generator using a gearbox, whereas the hydraulic PTO uses a hydraulic pump, an accumulator, and a hydraulic motor to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The hydraulic PTO has a lower energy conversion efficienc

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11

Jamiin, Mohammad Abu. "ANALISIS ENGINE PROPELLER MATCHING PROPULSI KAPAL IKAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN PTO GENERATOR." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 13, no. 1 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2022.013.01.11.

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This paper presents an analysis of power take off (PTO) generator connected to main engine and its effects to engine overload and ship speed. The purposes of research is to determine the safe operation of PTO generator by adjusting the ship speed. The PTO generator is a generator coupled with main engine to drive a cooling machine. The analysis of engine propeller matching method is used to determine the working points of ship propulsion coupled with PTO generator. The results of simulation show that the output power of main engine decreases by 8.4% of maximum continuous rating (MCR) point wit

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12

Park, Seok-Ho, Young-Jung Kim, Dong-Hyeok Im, et al. "Characteristics of Tractor PTO Power and Work Loads." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 35, no. 1 (2010): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2010.35.1.015.

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13

Tan, Jian, Henk Polinder, Antonio Jarquin Laguna, Peter Wellens, and Sape A. Miedema. "The Influence of Sizing of Wave Energy Converters on the Techno-Economic Performance." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010052.

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Currently, the techno-economic performance of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is not competitive with other renewable technologies. Size optimization could make a difference. However, the impact of sizing on the techno-economic performance of WECs still remains unclear, especially when sizing of the buoy and Power Take-Off (PTO) are considered collectively. In this paper, an optimization method for the buoy and PTO sizing is proposed for a generic heaving point absorber to reduce the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE). Frequency domain modeling is used to calculate the power absorption of WECs with

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14

Niu, Yubo, Xingyuan Gu, Xuhui Yue, Yang Zheng, Peijie He, and Qijuan Chen. "Research on Thermodynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Power Take-Off System in Wave Energy Converter." Energies 15, no. 4 (2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041373.

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Hydraulic power-take-off (PTO) systems which utilize high-pressure oil circuits to transmit energy are widely applied in wave energy generation. The properties of hydraulic oil are significantly influenced by environmental conditions, and its dynamic viscosity is sensitive to temperature, especially in relatively low-temperature cases. This paper studies the characteristics of the hydraulic PTO when started in different temperature conditions via numerical analysis and experimental verification. An improved numerical model of the hydraulic PTO system is proposed, in which the effects of temper

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15

Roh, Chan, Yoon-Jin Ha, Seungh-Ho Shin, Kyong-Hwan Kim, and Ji-Yong Park. "Advanced Maximum Power Control Algorithm Based on a Hydraulic System for Floating Wave Energy Converters." Processes 9, no. 10 (2021): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101712.

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An integrated analysis is required to evaluate the performance of control algorithms used in power take-off (PTO) systems for floating wave energy converters (FWECs). However, research on PTO systems based on the existing hydraulic device has mainly focused on the input power generation performance rather than on obtaining maximum power through hydraulic device-based electrical load control. The power generation performance is analyzed based on the control variables of the existing torque control algorithm (TCA); however, the amount of power generation for each control variable changes signifi

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16

Poguluri, Sunny Kumar, Dongeun Kim, and Yoon Hyeok Bae. "A Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Pitch-Type Wave Energy Converter Using Weakly and Fully Nonlinear Models." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040898.

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In this study, the performance of a wave energy converter (WEC) rotor under regular and irregular wave conditions was investigated using 3D nonlinear numerical models. Factors such as the power take-off (PTO) load torque, wave periods, spacing of multiple WEC rotors, and wave steepness were analyzed. Two models were employed: a weakly nonlinear model formulated by incorporating the nonlinear restoring moment and Coulomb-type PTO load torque based on the potential flow theory, and a fully nonlinear model based on computational fluid dynamics. The results show that the average power estimated by

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17

He, Runhua, Guanghua He, Penglin Jing, Zhengxiao Luan, and Chaogang Liu. "Adaptive Damping PTO Control of Wave Energy Converter for Irregular Waves Supported by Wavelet Transformation." Energies 18, no. 13 (2025): 3328. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133328.

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The power take-off (PTO) control strategy plays a crucial role in the heave response and power absorption of wave energy converters (WECs). This paper presents an adaptive damping PTO system to increase the power absorption of an oscillating-float WEC considering irregular wave conditions. A mathematical model of the WEC is established based on linear wave theory and validated by the Co-simulation of AMESIM and STAR-CCM+. The heave response and the power absorption of the WEC are calculated by the mathematical model, and an optimal damping database for the PTO system is constructed. The wavele

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18

Ko, Haeng Sik, Sangho Kim, and Yoon Hyeok Bae. "Study on Optimum Power Take-Off Torque of an Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter in Western Sea of Jeju Island." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051449.

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This study primarily investigates an optimum energy conversion efficiency of asymmetric wave energy converter (WEC). A power take-off (PTO) system that provides a constant load torque opposite to pitch motion was implemented. Incident wave conditions were selected based on the measured data in the western sea of Jeju Island, South Korea. An optimum torque was calculated by comparing the time-averaged extracted power with various PTO load torque. InterDyMFoam solver based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were used in an OpenFOAM v4.0 framework—an open-source computational flu

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19

Tan, Jian, Xuezhou Wang, Henk Polinder, Antonio Jarquin Laguna, and Sape A. Miedema. "Downsizing the Linear PM Generator in Wave Energy Conversion for Improved Economic Feasibility." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091316.

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A crucial part of wave energy converters (WECs) is the power take-off (PTO) mechanism, and PTO sizing has been shown to have a considerable impact on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). However, as a dominating type of PTO system in WECs, previous research pertinent to PTO sizing did not take modeling and optimization of the linear permanent magnet (PM) generator into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper provides an insight into how PTO sizing affects the performance of linear permanent magnet (PM) generators, and further the techno-economic performance of WECs. To thoroughly reveal th

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20

Patel, Manish, and H. Raheman. "An Approach for Power Generation with Reduced Fuel Consumption using PTO Driven Generator." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (2016): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.24.

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Using the gear up throttle down concept, suitable power take off (PTO) speed required to run a PTO powered generator was decided. For this PTO test was carried out using an eddy current dynamometer. The tractor engine was loaded to different torque values at different engine speeds for obtaining constant PTO power corresponding to the full load of the generator. Fuel consumption, smoke level, exhaust gas temperature and coolant temperature were measured during PTO test. Engine speed fluctuation and engine overloading were also observed to judge whether the engine was running smoothly, or it wa

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21

Roeber, James BW, Santosh K. Pitla, Roger M. Hoy, Joe D. Luck, and Mike F. Kocher. "Tractor Power Take-Off Torque Measurement and Data Acquisition System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 5 (2017): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.11994.

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Abstract. With the mechanization of agricultural operations, agricultural machinery management has become an extensive research field. Sizing tractors and implements to provide the most efficient power transfer has become an ongoing process with advances in technology. Utilization of the rotational power transferred through gear trains from the tractor engine to the power take-off (PTO) shaft is one of the most efficient methods of power transfer to an implement. This research used commercially available torque sensors that were installed on a tractor PTO shaft for measuring the torque deliver

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22

He, Jianfei, Zaiman Wang, Bo Gao, et al. "Fatigue Analysis of PTO Gearboxes in Paddy Power Chassis Using Measured Loads." Agriculture 14, no. 9 (2024): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091436.

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This study aims to analyze the fatigue life of a PTO (power take-off) gearbox used in a paddy field power chassis. The analysis considers factors such as stress concentration, dimensions, surface quality, and load characteristics affecting fatigue life. A finite element simulation was conducted using the Ansys 2022 software to identify the critical point of the PTO shell. The modified nominal stress fatigue analysis method, incorporating a stress adjustment coefficient, was employed to derive the modified S-N curve. Combined with the measured load data of the PTO bench operation, the load data

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23

Lee, Yongseok, HeonYong Kang, and MooHyun Kim. "Power Generation Enhancement through Latching Control for a Sliding Magnet-Based Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 4 (2024): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040656.

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A Surface-Riding Wave Energy Converter (SR-WEC) featuring a sliding magnet inside a pitching cylindrical hull is investigated as an easily deployable small power device to support small-scale marine operations. This study extends the earlier development of the system by authors to enhance power performance through the application of end spring and latching control. The inclusion of springs at the tube’s end enhances the magnet release and travel speeds as well as the average power output compared to systems without them. Further improvement of power output can also be achieved by employing opt

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24

Schwab, Charles V., and Isaac J. Rempe. "Likelihood of Entanglement when Materials are Dropped Vertically onto a Rotating PTO Knuckle." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 23, no. 4 (2017): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12562.

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Abstract. Power take-off (PTO) is a common method of transferring power from a tractor to a towed piece of machinery. The PTO is also a well-documented cause of severe and often permanent disabling injuries to farm operators. The physical conditions that cause entanglements are not well established. Several studies have explored the parameters of PTO entanglements as materials have been drawn across a rotating PTO knuckle to test for entanglement probability. The objective of this study was to determine probability of entanglement when materials are dropped vertically onto a PTO knuckle spinni

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25

Yue, Xuhui, Jintao Zhang, Feifeng Meng, Jiaying Liu, Qijuan Chen, and Dazhou Geng. "Multi-Timescale Lookup Table Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of an Inverse-Pendulum Wave Energy Converter: Power Assessments and Sensitivity Study." Energies 16, no. 17 (2023): 6195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176195.

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A novel, inverse-pendulum wave energy converter (NIPWEC) is a device that can achieve natural period control via a mass-position-adjusting mechanism and a moveable internal mass. Although the energy capture capacity of a NIPWEC has already been proven, it is still meaningful to research how to effectively control the NIPWEC in real time for maximum wave energy absorption in irregular waves. This paper proposes a multi-timescale lookup table based maximum power point tracking (MLTB MPPT) strategy for the NIPWEC. The MLTB MPPT strategy was implemented to achieve a theoretical “optimal phase” and

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26

Chan, Roh, Kil-Won Kim, Ji-Yong Park, Se-Wan Park, Kyong-Hwan Kim, and Sang-Shin Kwak. "Power Performance Analysis According to the Configuration and Load Control Algorithm of Power Take-Off System for Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Converters." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236415.

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A power take-off (PTO) system for an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter comprises a turbine-generator-power converter. In this study, only the topologies of the power converter that affect the load control algorithm are compared. A power converter for renewable energy is composed of a diode-dc/dc converter and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter operating at small and large capacities, respectively. However, selecting a power converter according to the capacity based on the characteristics of the wave energy converter, in which the input energy is highly fluctuating, can

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Jusoh, Mohd Afifi, Zulkifli Mohd Yusop, Aliashim Albani, Muhamad Zalani Daud, and Mohd Zamri Ibrahim. "An Improved Hydraulic Power Take-Off Unit Based on Dual Fluid Energy Storage for Reducing the Power Fluctuation Problem in the Wave Energy Conversion System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (2022): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081160.

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The power take-off (PTO) stability is one of the most important concerns for wave energy converters (WECs). The PTO unit converts the mechanical energy produced by the wave absorber (WA) unit into useful electrical energy. Due to the drastic input energy variation of real wave motions, the generated electrical power from the PTO unit significantly fluctuates and is potentially harmful to electrical and electronic appliances. This paper proposes an improved hydraulic PTO (HPTO) for the WECs. An improved HPTO unit comprises a dual high-pressure accumulator (HPA) module and fluid energy control (

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28

Ahn, Da-Vin, In-Kyung Shin, Jooseon Oh, et al. "Reduction of Torsional Vibration in Resonance Phenomena for Tractor Power Take-Off Drivelines Using Torsional Damper." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13971.

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HighlightsRattling of tractor power take-off drivelines can be detrimental to operators.A novel driveline model, which includes a torsional damper, was constructed.The behavior of the model was validated against that of an actual tractor driveline.The validated model was used to determine the optimal torsional damper parameters.These optimal parameters were validated by laboratory tests.Abstract. Rattle noise and high levels of vibration in agricultural tractors lower the productivity of the operators and may cause serious health issues in them. This study examined a method for preventing reso

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29

Jusoh, Mohd Afifi, Mohd Zamri Ibrahim, Muhamad Zalani Daud, Aliashim Albani, and Zulkifli Mohd Yusop. "Hydraulic Power Take-Off Concepts for Wave Energy Conversion System: A Review." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234510.

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Ocean wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources in the world. There is a wide variety of wave energy conversion systems that have been designed and developed, resulting from the different ways of ocean wave energy absorption and also depending on the location characteristics. This paper reviews and analyses the concepts of hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system used in various types of wave energy conversion systems so that it can be a useful reference to researchers, engineers and inventors. This paper also reviews the control mechanisms of the hydraulic PTO system in order to opt

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Kheiralla, A. F., A. Yahya, M. Zohadie, and W. Ishak. "Empirical Models for Power and Energy Requirements II : A Powered Implement Operation in Serdang Sandy Clay Loam, Malaysia." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 20, no. 3&4 (2017): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.359.

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Power and energy requirements were measured with an instrumented tractor for rotary tilling in Serdang sandy clay loam soil. The effects of travel speed and rotor speed upon the measured data were investigated. Power model from orthogonal regression analysis was formulated based on linear and quadratic functions of travel speed and bite length. Fuel consumption model from regression analysis was formulated based on linear tractor PTO power as well as linear equivalent tractor PTO power. Fuel consumption rates predicted by ASAE D497.3 were found to be 25% to 28% overestimates of the values pred

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Verao Fernandez, Gael, Vasiliki Stratigaki, Nicolas Quartier, and Peter Troch. "Influence of Power Take-Off Modelling on the Far-Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Farms." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040429.

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The study of the potential impact of wave energy converter (WEC) farms on the surrounding wave field at long distances from the WEC farm location (also know as “far field” effects) has been a topic of great interest in the past decade. Typically, “far-field” effects have been studied using phase average or phase resolving numerical models using a parametrization of the WEC power absorption using wave transmission coefficients. Most recent studies have focused on using coupled models between a wave-structure interaction solver and a wave-propagation model, which offer a more complex and accurat

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Spugnoli, Paolo, Alessandro Parenti, Piernicola Masella, and Esteban Melani. "TEST OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN FIELD IMPLEMENT CART." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, no. 2 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.2.1.

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The field performance of a horse-drawn hitch cart equipped with a PTO system powered by the two cart ground wheels have been investigated. For this purpose field tests on clay and turf soil, with varying ballast and PTO torque, have been carried out pulling the cart by a tractor. Preliminary tests were aimed at assessing the traction capability of horse breed. These tests showed that the mean draught force given by two of these horses was 173daN, average working speed was about 1m*s-1, resulting a mean draught power developed by each horse of about 0.86kW. The PTO cart system performance has s

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Chang, Zongyu, Zhenhua Hou, and Zhongqiang Zheng. "Dynamic performance of a point absorber WEC considering nonlinear hardening spring under irregular waves." International Marine Energy Journal 6, no. 1 (2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.6.19-25.

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Wave energy is a kind of clean renewable energy that is huge and still need further research. Point absorber wave energy converter (PA-WEC) is widely utilized for offshore power devices. The PA-WEC utilizes the heave motion to drive linear electric generator or a hydraulic motor to generator using power take off (PTO) system. And the PTO system usually is assumed to be a linear spring and a linear damper. Because of the larger motion, the PTO system, which exhibited non-linear behavior, is considered as linear spring with the nonlinear hardening spring and a linear damper. Through the time dom

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Castellini, Luca, Federico Gallorini, Giacomo Alessandri, et al. "Comparison of Offline, Real-Time Models and Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Results of a Power Take-Off for Wave Energy Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111744.

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The power take-off (PTO) of a wave energy converter (WEC) converts mechanical power extracted from the waves into electrical power. Increasing PTO performance under several operational conditions is therefore essential to reduce the levelized cost of energy of a given wave energy concept and to achieve higher levels of technology readiness. A key task in the WEC design will then be the holistic assessment of the PTO performance in combination with other subsystems. It is hence important that WEC designers are aware of the different modeling options. This paper addresses this need and presents

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Xue, Gang, Zhenquan Zhang, Jian Qin, Shuting Huang, and Yanjun Liu. "Control Parameters Optimization of Accumulator in Hydraulic Power Take-Off System for Eccentric Rotating Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040792.

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To improve the efficiency and stability of an eccentric rotating wave energy converter (ERWEC), the adaptive hydraulic power-take-off (PTO) system with an accumulator is designed and developed. Experiments are performed to analyze the effects of trigger pressure, delay time, and open state duration on average output power and power fluctuation index. The results show that the effects of those three control parameters of accumulator on output power are strongly coupled. The experimental examples are designed based on the optimal Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) method, and the nonparameterized a

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Kim, Yeon-Soo, Pa-Ul Lee, Wan-Soo Kim, et al. "Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061100.

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Optimal design of transmission gears is important to ensure product durability and reliability. This study measured a multi-purpose cultivator during a rotary ditching operation and analyzed the strength of the power take off (PTO) gear-train for the cultivator using analysis software (KISSsoft, KISSsoft AG—A Gleason Company, Bubikon, Switzerland) based on ISO 6336 standards and a modified Miner’s rule. A load measurement system was installed on the cultivator to measure the load on the PTO shaft. To measure the load on the PTO shaft, the load measuring system consisting of a data acquisition

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Avalos, Gustavo O. Guarniz, Milad Shadman, and Segen F. Estefen. "Application of the Latching Control System on the Power Performance of a Wave Energy Converter Characterized by Gearbox, Flywheel, and Electrical Generator." Journal of Marine Science and Application 20, no. 4 (2021): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-021-00238-7.

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Abstract The latching control represents an attractive alternative to increase the power absorption of wave energy converters (WECs) by tuning the phase of oscillator velocity to the wave excitation phase. However, increasing the amplitude of motion of the floating body is not the only challenge to obtain a good performance of the WEC. It also depends on the efficiency of the power take-off system (PTO). This study aims to address the actual power performance and operation of a heaving point absorber with a direct mechanical drive PTO system controlled by latching. The PTO characteristics, suc

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Simmons, Jeremy W., and James D. Van de Ven. "Limits on the Range and Rate of Change in Power Take-Off Load in Ocean Wave Energy Conversion: A Study Using Model Predictive Control." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 5909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165909.

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Previous work comparing power take-off (PTO) architectures for ocean wave-powered reverse osmosis suggests that variable displacement in the wave energy converter (WEC)-driven pump does not offer a significant performance advantage. A limitation of that study is that the WEC was subject to a constant load within a given sea state (“Coulomb damping”) and did not account for controlled, moment-to-moment variation of the PTO load enabled by a variable displacement pump. This study explores the potential performance advantage of a variable PTO load over Coulomb damping. Model predictive control is

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Jing, Fengmei, Song Wang, Tonio Sant, Christopher Micallef, and Jean Paul Mollicone. "Numerical Simulation Method of Hydraulic Power Take-Off of Point-Absorbing Wave Energy Device Based on Simulink." Energies 17, no. 14 (2024): 3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17143590.

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Wave energy has a high energy density and strong predictability, presenting encouraging prospects for development. So far, there are dozens of different wave energy devices (WECs), but the mechanism that ultimately converts wave energy into electrical energy in these devices has always been the focus of research by scholars from various countries. The energy conversion mechanism in wave energy devices is called PTO (power take-off). According to different working principles, PTOs can be classified into the linear motor type, hydraulic type, and mechanical type. Hydraulic PTOs are characterized

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Ren, C., Y. Xing, and L. Moen. "Assessment of a novel PTO system for swell energy convertors using digital twin modelling." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012009.

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Abstract There is no lack of ideas and prototypes for wave energy converters (WECs). However, existing WECs are designed to extract energy from waves at normal to high frequencies and typically focus on close-to-shore steep waves and short wavelengths to gain a frequent movement of interactive components. This limits the size of the buoyancy structure and results in the need to use many generating units to achieve a high-power output. We reverse this focus in small and coastal WECs mentioned above by harvesting swell energy through the Swell Energy Convertor (SWC). SWC uses an innovative power

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Antolín-Urbaneja, J. C., J. Lasa, P. Estensoro, I. Cabanes, and M. Marcos. "Innovative Hydraulic Power Take-Off Construction and Performance Tests for Wave Energy Conversion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.316.

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This document describes and demonstrates the features of a new innovative hydraulic Power take-Off (PTO) to be used for Wave Energy Conversion. This device is able to transform low frequency oscillating movement into a continuous high frequency angular speed, absorbing high fluctuated torque at the input shaft, which can reach up to 8000Nm. Moreover, the major breakthrough of this device is that it can control the braking torque through the modification of some geometrical parameters, L and R, and through the activation of more than one hydraulic cylinder together with the pressure. The output

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Rong, Qingyuan. "Calculation on maximum output power of wave energy-TO system." Vibroengineering Procedia 54 (April 4, 2024): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23797.

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The energy conversion efficiency of wave energy device is one of the key problems in the large-scale utilization of wave energy. The study of the maximum output POWER of PTO (Power-Take-Off) system provides a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of energy. In this paper, genetic algorithm and adaptive differential evolution algorithm based on neighborhood search are used to optimize the two-objective multi-order differential equations for the maximum output power of PTO system, and the global optimal solution is obtained. Compared with the traversal algorithm, the algorithm invo

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Ugaz Peña, José Carlos, Christian Luis Medina Rodríguez, and Gustavo O. Guarniz Avalos. "Study of a New Wave Energy Converter with Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310447.

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Ocean waves contain the highest energy density among renewable energy sources. However, harnessing the energy from ocean waves represents a challenge because wave energy converters (WECs) must be designed to have great survivability and efficiency. The power production challenge of any WEC depends on the power take-off (PTO) system efficiency. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been widely applied in renewable energy from photovoltaic and wind sources, and have subsequently been adapted to wave energy converters (WECs). Energy extraction is optimized by applying MPPT, resultin

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Srinivasamurthy, Sharath. "Numerical simulation of a floating-type point absorber wave energy converter." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1149, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1149/1/012004.

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Abstract Wave energy converters (WEC) have been researched extensively to harvest large amounts of untapped ocean renewable energy. Floating-type point absorbers are a type of WEC that converts the ocean wave energy to electrical energy, by utilizing the relative motion of multi-body system mainly consisting of a floating section and a reaction section. The design of floating-type point absorbers is not straightforward and needs special attention to understand the dynamics of the multi-body system, and power take-off (PTO) mechanism placed in the reaction section. The purpose of this study is

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Bozzetto, Alessandro, Ole Christian Spro, and Elisabetta Tedeschi. "Impact of technical power take-off constraints on the power extraction of unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 6 (2015): 1796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2014-0342.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of the constraints of the power take-off system (PTO) on the power extraction of a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC). Such constraints include power, torque and maximum stroke limitations. Two different concepts, unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers, are analysed, which both are relevant for practical applications in the wave energy industry. Design/methodology/approach – The two different cases of unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers are analysed and directly compared. Moreover, a simplified control

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Quartier, Nicolas, Pablo Ropero-Giralda, José M. Domínguez, Vasiliki Stratigaki, and Peter Troch. "Influence of the Drag Force on the Average Absorbed Power of Heaving Wave Energy Converters Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics." Water 13, no. 3 (2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030384.

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In this paper, we investigated how the added mass, the hydrodynamic damping and the drag coefficient of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) can be calculated using DualSPHysics. DualSPHysics is a software application that applies the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a Lagrangian meshless method used in a growing range of applications within the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Furthermore, the effect of the drag force on the WEC’s motion and average absorbed power is analyzed. Particularly under controlled conditions and in the resonance region, the drag force becomes signif

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Gao, Hong, and Zhiheng Wang. "Hydrodynamic Response Analysis and Wave Energy Absorption of Wave Energy Converters in Regular Waves." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 1 (2017): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.1.7.

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AbstractThe hydrodynamic response and the energy capture analysis of wave energy converters (WECs) with three degrees of freedom are conducted using a frequency domain approach. Considering the coupled hydrodynamic coefficients between surge and pitch, motion responses in surge, heave, and pitch are solved for the WECs. The power take-off (PTO) damping is taken as a linear function of the velocity. The power absorption and the absorption efficiency in surge, heave, and pitch are analyzed and compared. The effects of the geometry, diameter, draft, center of gravity position, and PTO damping on

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Mérigaud, Alexis, and Paolino Tona. "Spectral Control of Wave Energy Converters with Non-Ideal Power Take-off Systems." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110851.

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Spectral control is an accurate and computationally efficient approach to power-maximising control of wave energy converters (WECs). This work investigates spectral control calculations with explicit derivative computation, applied to WECs with non-ideal power take-off (PTO) systems characterised by an efficiency factor smaller than unity. To ensure the computational efficiency of the spectral control approach, it is proposed in this work to approximate the discontinuous efficiency function by means of a smooth function. A non-ideal efficiency function implies that the cost function is non-qua

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Tian, Hao, Zijian Zhou, and Yu Sui. "Modeling and Validation of an Electrohydraulic Power Take-Off System for a Portable Wave Energy Convertor with Compressed Energy Storage." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173378.

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Small-scale, portable generation of electricity from ocean waves provides a versatile solution to power the ocean sensors network, in addition to the traditional large-scale wave energy conversion facilities. However, one issue of small-scale wave energy convertor (WEC) is the low capturable power density, challenging the design of the efficient power take-off (PTO) system. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, an electrohydraulic PTO system with compressed energy storage was proposed to boost output power of a portable WEC. Lumped-parameter kinematics and dynamics of the four-bar mechanism

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Brito, Moisés, Francisco Bernardo, Maria G. Neves, Diogo R. C. B. Neves, Alejandro J. C. Crespo, and José M. Domínguez. "Numerical Model of Constrained Wave Energy Hyperbaric Converter under Full-Scale Sea Wave Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (2022): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101489.

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A 2D numerical investigation of the power absorption of a constrained wave energy hyperbaric converter (WEHC) under full-scale sea wave conditions is presented. A fully non-linear numerical model DualSPHysics, based on the coupling of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) fluid solver with a multibody dynamics solver, is used to model the interaction between wave and WEHC sub-systems. The numerical model was first validated against experimental data for a similar device, with a good accordance between PTO position and velocity. The model is then employed to study the hydrodynamics of a const

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