Academic literature on the topic 'PTPN11 (Shp2)'
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Journal articles on the topic "PTPN11 (Shp2)"
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Kwon, Se Jeong, Dohee Ahn, Hyun-Mo Yang, Hyo Jin Kang, and Sang J. Chung. "Polyphyllin D Shows Anticancer Effect through a Selective Inhibition of Src Homology Region 2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-2 (SHP2)." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040848.
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Natural products have continued to offer tremendous opportunities for drug development, as they have long been used in traditional medicinal systems. SHP2 has served as an anticancer target. To identify novel SHP2 inhibitors with potential anticancer activity, we screened a library containing 658 natural products. Polyphyllin D was found to selectively inhibit SHP2 over SHP1, whereas two other identified compounds (echinocystic acid and oleanolic acid) demonstrated dual SHP1 and SHP2 inhibition. In a cell-based assay, polyphyllin D exhibited cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, an acute lymphoma leukemia cell line, whereas the other two compounds were ineffective. Polyphyllin D also decreased the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), a proliferation marker in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, knockdown of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)N6 (SHP1) or PTPN11 (SHP2) decreased p-ERK levels. However, concurrent knockdown of PTPN6 and PTPN11 in Jurkat cells recovered p-ERK levels. These results demonstrated that polyphyllin D has potential anticancer activity, which can be attributed to its selective inhibition of SHP2 over SHP1.
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Zhu, Helen He, Kaihong Ji, Nazilla Alderson, Zhao He, Shuangwei Li, Linheng Li, and Gen-Sheng Feng. "Coordinated Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activity by PTPN11/Shp2." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2630.2630.
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Abstract Abstract 2630 Shp2, a tyrosine phosphatase with two SH2 domains, is implicated in malignant blood diseases. Germline dominant active mutations in PTPN11 that codes for Shp2 are found in approximately 50% of Noonan syndrome (NS) patients who have high risk of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Somatic gain-of-function mutations in PTPN11 have also been detected in nonsyndromic JMML, pediatric AML, B-cell precursor ALL and myelodysplastic syndromes. The majority of leukemia-associated PTPN11 mutations disrupt the auto-inhibitory interactions between its N-terminal SH2 and the phosphatase domain, resulting in elevated catalytic activity. However, the physiological function of Shp2 in normal hematopoiesis in adults remains to be elucidated, although a Shp2 function in embryonic hematopoiesis was documented previously. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) homozygous for targeted exon 3 deletion are defective in differentiation to all blood cell lineages, suggesting its role in commitment/specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during embryogenesis. Indeed, our previous experiments suggested a developmental blockage from mESC to mesoderm and hemangioblast differentiation by the exon 3 deletion. Notably, distinct mechanisms are involved in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Despite an essential role for specification of HSC fate from embryonic mesoderm, SCL/tal-1 was found dispensable for HSC maintenance and differentiation in adults. Similar observation was made for transcription factor Runx. We show here that inducible ablation of PTPN11/Shp2 in the hematopoietic compartment leads to severe cytopenia in bone marrow, spleen and periphery. Shp2 removal suppressed the number and function of HSCs and myeloid progenitors. Shp2-deficient HSCs failed to reconstitute irradiated recipient mice, due to combined defects in homing, self-renewal and survival. Therefore, PTPN11/Shp2 indeed plays an essential role in maintenance of a functional HSC pool in adult mammals. This study reveals a critical signaling component conserved in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Given the essential role of Shp2 in normal HSCs, developing a chemical that distinguishes wild-type and mutant Shp2 enzymes may be a therapeutic approach for elimination of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) harboring mutant PTPN11/Shp2. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, XingJun, Charles Goodwin, Zhenyun Yang, Sarah C. Nabinger, Briana Richine, Gordon Chan, Helmut Hanenberg, et al. "Macrophage NADPH Oxidase Activation and ROS Production Is Positively Regulated By Shp2 Phosphatase Function." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1397.1397.
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Abstract Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells, and express pattern recognition receptors such as C-type lectins and integrins for the detection of invading pathogens. Both Dectin-1 (a C-type lectin) and complement receptor 3 (CR3, a β2-integrin) are expressed on innate immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Dectin-1 stimulation by b-glucan-containing particles (zymosan) and CR3 stimulation by serum opsonized zymosan (SOZ) activate Erk- and Akt-dependent signaling resulting in phagocytosis and production of an oxidative burst. Shp2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by Ptpn11, promotes activation of Ras-Erk and PI3K-Akt signaling, supports hematopoietic development, and is commonly mutated in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). However, no studies have examined the role of Shp2 in Dectin-1- or CR3-stimulated NADPH oxidase activation or ROS production. As activation of Erk and Akt stimulates NADPH oxidase by phosphorylating p47phox, we hypothesized that Shp2 positively regulates ROS production in response to Dectin-1 or CR3 stimulation. Using murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs), both zymosan and SOZ exposure induced maximal ROS production 10 minutes post-stimulation, which corresponded to maximal induction of Shp2 phosphorylation (Y580, proposed to promote Shp2 phosphatase activity) and Erk phosphorylation. Using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs) from mice bearing a conditionally deleted allele of Ptpn11 (Shp2flox/flox;Mx1Cre+), ROS production was significantly reduced in response to zymosan and SOZ in Shp2flox/flox;Mx1Cre+ BMMs compared to control Shp2flox/flox;Mx1Cre- BMMs. Notably, the phagocytic index of the Shp2flox/flox;Mx1Cre+ and Shp2flox/flox;Mx1Cre- BMMs was similar, and protein components of the NADPH oxidase complex (p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) were expressed at similar levels. To define the biochemical role of Shp2 in ROS production, we generated yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged Shp2 constructs bearing mutation of the N-SH2 (R32K) or phosphatase (C463A) domain and retrovirally expressed these constructs in murine BMMs. When subjected to zymosan or SOZ stimulation, mutation of either the N-SH2 or phosphatase domain resulted in reduced ROS production. Using time-lapse confocal videomicroscopy, we found that Shp2-R32K-YFP failed to translocate to the phagosome in SOZ-stimulated BMMs; however, phosphatase dead Shp2-C463A-YFP strongly translocated to the phagosome despite producing lower ROS levels. These findings specifically pointed to Shp2 phosphatase function as crucial in positively regulating NADPH oxidase and ROS production. Accordingly, we reasoned that macrophages expressing JMML-associated gain-of-function (GOF) Shp2 mutants, characterized to have increased phosphatase activity, would produce elevated ROS levels. As anticipated, BMMs retrovirally expressing GOF Shp2-D61Y or GOF Shp2-E76K and PEMs from mice bearing a conditionally induced gain-of-function allele of Ptpn11 (Shp2D61Y/+;Mx1Cre+) similarly produced significantly elevated levels of zymosan- and SOZ-stimulated ROS compared to WT Shp2-expressing BMMs or PEMs, respectively. Given the positive role of Shp2 phosphatase in promoting zymosan- and SOZ-stimulated ROS production, we investigated putative Shp2 substrates in response to zymosan stimulation. SHPS-1 (SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate 1) is a myeloid inhibitory immunoreceptor expressed on macrophages, requires tyrosine phosphorylation to exert its inhibitory effect, and has been shown to be de-phosphorylated by Shp2. Consistent with its potential function in regulation ROS production, SHPS-1 is strongly associated with phagosomes in zymosan-stimulated PEMs. In immunoblot analysis, reduced phospho-SHPS-1 levels kinetically correlated with maximal zymosan-stimulated Shp2 phosphorylation and ROS production, and increased levels of phospho-SHPS-1 were found in BMMs expressing phosphatase dead Shp2-C463A compared to cells expressing WT Shp2. Collectively, these findings indicate that Shp2 phosphatase function positively regulates Dectin-1- and CR3-stimulated NADPH oxidase activation and ROS production in macrophages, and that mechanistically, Shp2 may exert its positive effect by de-phosphorylating and thus negatively regulating the inhibitory function of SHPS-1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Liu, Xia, Hong Zheng, Xiaobo Li, Siying Wang, Howard J. Meyerson, Wentian Yang, Benjamin G. Neel, and Cheng-Kui Qu. "Gain-of-function mutations of Ptpn11 (Shp2) cause aberrant mitosis and increase susceptibility to DNA damage-induced malignancies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 4 (January 11, 2016): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508535113.
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Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 Ptpn11 (Shp2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling pathways, are associated with childhood leukemias and solid tumors. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that Ptpn11 GOF mutations disturb mitosis and cytokinesis, causing chromosomal instability and greatly increased susceptibility to DNA damage-induced malignancies. We find that Shp2 is distributed to the kinetochore, centrosome, spindle midzone, and midbody, all of which are known to play critical roles in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts with Ptpn11 GOF mutations show a compromised mitotic checkpoint. Centrosome amplification and aberrant mitosis with misaligned or lagging chromosomes are significantly increased in Ptpn11-mutated mouse and patient cells. Abnormal cytokinesis is also markedly increased in these cells. Further mechanistic analyses reveal that GOF mutant Shp2 hyperactivates the Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) kinase by enhancing c-Src kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Plk1. This study provides novel insights into the tumorigenesis associated with Ptpn11 GOF mutations and cautions that DNA-damaging treatments in Noonan syndrome patients with germ-line Ptpn11 GOF mutations could increase the risk of therapy-induced malignancies.
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Chan, Gordon, Laurene S. Cheung, Wentian Yang, Michael Milyavsky, Ashley D. Sanders, Shengqing Gu, Wan Xing Hong, et al. "Essential role for Ptpn11 in survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells." Blood 117, no. 16 (April 21, 2011): 4253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-11-319517.
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Abstract Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (Shp2), encoded by Ptpn11, is a member of the nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, and functions in cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation in many tissues. Here we report that loss of Ptpn11 in murine hematopoietic cells leads to bone marrow aplasia and lethality. Mutant mice show rapid loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immature progenitors of all hematopoietic lineages in a gene dosage-dependent and cell-autonomous manner. Ptpn11-deficient HSCs and progenitors undergo apoptosis concomitant with increased Noxa expression. Mutant HSCs/progenitors also show defective Erk and Akt activation in response to stem cell factor and diminished thrombopoietin-evoked Erk activation. Activated Kras alleviates the Ptpn11 requirement for colony formation by progenitors and cytokine/growth factor responsiveness of HSCs, indicating that Ras is functionally downstream of Shp2 in these cells. Thus, Shp2 plays a critical role in controlling the survival and maintenance of HSCs and immature progenitors in vivo.
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Romero, Celeste, Lester J. Lambert, Douglas J. Sheffler, Laurent J. S. De Backer, Dhanya Raveendra-Panickar, Maria Celeridad, Stefan Grotegut, et al. "A cellular target engagement assay for the characterization of SHP2 (PTPN11) phosphatase inhibitors." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 9 (January 17, 2020): 2601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.010838.
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The nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2 is encoded by the proto-oncogene PTPN11 and is a ubiquitously expressed key regulator of cell signaling, acting on a number of cellular processes and components, including the Ras/Raf/Erk, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT pathways and immune checkpoint receptors. Aberrant SHP2 activity has been implicated in all phases of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Gain-of-function PTPN11 mutations drive oncogenesis in several leukemias and cause developmental disorders with increased risk of malignancy such as Noonan syndrome. Until recently, small molecule-based targeting of SHP2 was hampered by the failure of orthosteric active-site inhibitors to achieve selectivity and potency within a useful therapeutic window. However, new SHP2 allosteric inhibitors with excellent potency and selectivity have sparked renewed interest in the selective targeting of SHP2 and other PTP family members. Crucially, drug discovery campaigns focusing on SHP2 would greatly benefit from the ability to validate the cellular target engagement of candidate inhibitors. Here, we report a cellular thermal shift assay that reliably detects target engagement of SHP2 inhibitors. Using this assay, based on the DiscoverX InCell Pulse enzyme complementation technology, we characterized the binding of several SHP2 allosteric inhibitors in intact cells. Moreover, we demonstrate the robustness and reliability of a 384-well miniaturized version of the assay for the screening of SHP2 inhibitors targeting either WT SHP2 or its oncogenic E76K variant. Finally, we provide an example of the assay's ability to identify and characterize novel compounds with specific cellular potency for either WT or mutant SHP2.
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Mohi, M. Golam, Heike Keilhack, Sarah Cohen, Christina Boulton, Toshiyuki Araki, Ifor Williams, Jeffery L. Kutok, D. Gary Gilliland, and Benjamin G. Neel. "Mechanism of Oncogenesis by Leukemia-Associated Mutants of Shp2 (PTPN11)." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.199.199.
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Abstract Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder of childhood that is principally characterized by proliferation of cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages. Previous studies showed that Ras or Nf1 mutations contribute to ~65% cases of JMML. More recently, mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 (PTPN11) have been found in ~35% of sporadic JMML, and at lower incidence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Interestingly, germline mutations of Shp2 cause the autosomal dominant genetic disorder Noonan Syndrome (NS) and NS patients may have an increased incidence of JMML. Nearly all disease-associated Shp2 mutations affect residues known to control catalytic activity. NS and JMML mutations can involve the same residues, but when they do, the latter are less conservative, suggesting that they may be more activated. We have compared the biochemical and biological effects of NS and JMML mutations. When produced as recombinant proteins in bacteria, nearly all NS mutations studied showed increased PTP activity. However, the JMML mutations E76K and D61Y have the highest activity, resembling the fully active mutant E76A that we defined earlier. Retroviral-mediated expression of E76K or D61Y, but not wild type (WT) Shp2 in murine bone marrow (BM) cells results in cytokine-independent myeloid colony outgrowth, as well as hypersensitivity to both IL-3 and GM-CSF. Notably, NS- associated mutants (e.g., D61G or N308D) also could transform BM cells to factor-independence, but yielded far fewer colonies. Transformation by the leukemia-associated E76K mutant required the phosphatase activity and intact FLVRE motifs in the Shp2 SH2 domains. Gab2, a major Shp2 SH2 domain binding protein, also was required for transformation. When retrovirally transduced BM cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients, E76K and D61Y but not WT Shp2 evoked fatal myeloproliferative disease (MPD) in 30–40% of recipients characterized by splenomegaly, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis with occasional anemia and thrombocytopenia. Another ~20% showed less severe MPD at early stage and ultimately succumbed to T-ALL at later times. Histological analysis of mice dying MPD revealed BM and spleen packed with myeloid cells and livers with perivascular myeloid infiltrates. Flow cytometry on BM and spleen confirmed the presence of MPD. Moreover, BM from E76K and D61Y transplanted recipients exhibited enhanced factor-independent colony formation. Furthermore, mast cells derived from E76K and D61Y transplanted mice exhibit increased proliferation and enhanced activation of Erk, Akt and Stat5 in response to IL-3. In contrast, mice with a knock-in mutation of NS (D61G) displayed only a mild MPD. These data support a model in which leukemia-associated mutants of Shp2 are strong hypermorphs that enhance signaling via βc cytokines, whereas NS mutants are less severe gain of function alleles. Our results provide the first evidence that Shp2 mutants have a causal role in leukemogenesis and therefore, Shp2 is the first bona fide PTP proto-oncogene.
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Xu, Dan, Xia Liu, Wen-Mei Yu, Howard J. Meyerson, Stanton L. Gerson, and Cheng-Kui Qu. "Non-Lineage/Stage Restricted Effects of a Gain-of-Function Mutation in Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptpn11 (Shp2) on Malignant Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.392.392.
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Abstract Abstract 392 SHP2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling processes, plays an essential role in hematopoietic cell development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that this phosphatase is required for erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid development and that it functions in cytokine signaling in both catalytically-dependent and –independent manners. Notably, germline and somatic mutations (heterozygous) in PTPN11 (encoding SHP2) have been identified in 35% of the patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a childhood myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Furthermore, PTPN11 mutations are also found in pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes (10%), B cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) (7%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (4%), and sporadic solid tumors. These mutations result in hyperactivation of SHP2 catalytic activity. In addition, PTPN11 disease mutations, especially leukemia mutations, enhance the binding of mutant SHP2 to signaling partners. Although previous studies have shown that Ptpn11 mutations induce cytokine hypersensitivity in myeloid progenitors and MPD in mice, it is unclear whether Ptpn11 mutations also play a causal role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemias. If so, the underlying mechanisms and the cell origin of leukemia initiating/stem cells (LSCs) remain to be determined. PTPN11E76K mutation is the most common and most active PTPN11 mutation found in JMML and acute leukemias. However, the pathogenic effects of this mutation have not been well characterized. We created Ptpn11E76K conditional knock-in mice. Global Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation resulted in early embryonic lethality associated with enhanced ERK signaling. Induced knock-in of this mutation in pan hematopoietic cells led to MPD as a result of aberrant activation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitors. These animals subsequently progressed to acute leukemias. Intriguingly, in addition to AML, T-ALL and B-ALL were evolved. PTPN11E76K/+ mutation induced LSC development not only in stem cells but also in lineage committed progenitors as tissue-specific knock-in of Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation in myeloid, T lymphoid, and B lymphoid progenitors also resulted in AML, T-ALL, and B-ALL, respectively. Further analyses revealed that Shp2 was distributed to centrosomes and that Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation promoted LSC development partly by causing centrosome amplification and genomic instability. Thus, Ptpn11E76K mutation has non-lineage specific effects on malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells and initiates acute leukemias at various stages of hematopoiesis. This mutation may play an initiating role in the pathogenesis of pediatric acute leukemias. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Liu, Wei, Xia Liu, and Cheng-Kui Qu. "Critical Role of the Gab2/PI3K/mTOR Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Ptpn11 (Shp2) Mutation-Induced Myeloproliferative Disease." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2856.2856.
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Abstract Abstract 2856 Germline and somatic mutations (heterozygous) in Ptpn11 (Shp2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling processes, have been identified in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a childhood myeloproliferative disease (MPD), and pediatric acute leukemias. These mutations cause hyperactivation of Shp2 catalytic activity and enhance the binding of mutant Shp2 to signaling partners. Ptpn11 mutations are sufficient to drive the development of JMML-like MPD and acute leukemias in mice, suggesting that they play a causal role in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. However, the mechanisms by which Ptpn11 mutations induce these malignancies are not completely understood and the signaling partners that mediate the pathogenic effects of Ptpn11 mutations have not been explored. We previously generated a line of conditional knock-in mice with Ptpn11E76K mutation, the most common and most active Ptpn11 mutation found in JMML and acute leukemias. Induced knock-in of this mutation in hematopoietic cells resulted in MPD with full penetrance as a result of aberrant activation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitors (J. Exp. Med., 2011). Recently, we discovered that the interaction between Shp2 E76K and Gab2, a prominent interacting protein of Shp2 and a scaffolding protein important for cytokine-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, was greatly enhanced, and that mTOR was highly activated in Ptpn11E76K/+ MPD cells. To address the role of Gab2 and mTOR in the pathogenesis of Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation-induced MPD, Ptpn11E76K/+/Gab2-/- double mutant mice were generated and their phenotypes were compared with those of Ptpn11E76K/+ single mutant mice. MPD phenotypes were markedly attenuated in Ptpn11E76K/+/Gab2-/- double mutant mice. Overproduction of myeloid cells in the bone marrow was alleviated, and splenomegaly was diminished in the double mutants. Myeloid cell infiltration in the liver also decreased. Cytokine (IL-3 and GM-CSF) sensitivity of myeloid progenitors was significantly decreased in Ptpn11E76K/+/Gab2−/− mice as compared to that in Ptpn11E76K/+ mice. Hyperactivation of HSCs and excessive myeloid differentiation caused by Ptpn11E76K mutation were largely corrected by deletion of Gab2. Furthermore, we treated Ptpn11E76K/+ mice with Rapmycin, a specific and potent mTOR inhibitor, which substantially diminished MPD phenotypes. Collectively, this study reveals the essential role of the Gab2/PI3K/mTOR pathway in mediating the pathogenic effects of Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation and suggests that Gab2 and mTOR are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Ptpn11-associated hematological malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mohi, M. Golam, and Benjamin G. Neel. "The role of Shp2 (PTPN11) in cancer." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 17, no. 1 (February 2007): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2006.12.011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "PTPN11 (Shp2)"
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Edouard, Thomas. "Impact sur la signalisation cellulaire des mutations de la tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 associées aux syndromes de Noonan et LEOPARD." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/849/.
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"Le syndrome de Noonan (SN) est une maladie génétique autosomique dominante relativement fréquente (environ 1/2000), caractérisée par l'association d'une dysmorphie faciale, d'un retard statural et d'une cardiopathie. Le syndrome LEOPARD (SL) est une maladie génétique plus rare, phénotypiquement très proche du SN, s'en distinguant essentiellement par l'existence d'une surdité et d'anomalies cutanées. Ces deux syndromes appartiennent à la famille des syndromes " Neuro-Cardio-Facio-Cutanés ", un groupe de maladies du développement en rapport avec des mutations germinales de gènes codant pour des molécules impliquées dans la voie Ras/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK). Au moins 50% des patients SN et plus de 80% des patients SL ont des mutations germinales du gène PTPN11, codant pour la tyrosine phosphatase Shp2. Les études biochimiques ont montré que les mutations de PTPN11 ont des effets opposés sur l'activité de la phosphatase, gain de fonction dans le SN et perte de fonction dans le SL. Comment des mutations aux effets opposés peuvent être à l'origine de phénotypes similaires est à ce jour incompris. Ce travail nous a permis d'observer, qu'en réponse à l'EGF, la voie PI3K/Akt est hyperactivée dans les cellules de patients SL comparées à celles des patients SN ou des contrôles. Cet effet dominant positif des mutants SL de Shp2 est du à une diminution de la déphosphorylation des sites de liaison de PI3K sur Gab1, augmentant ainsi l'association PI3K/Gab1 et l'activation de la voie PI3K/Akt. Nous avons également observés dans les cellules de patients SL que cette hyperactivation de PI3K/Akt entraîne une augmentation de l'inactivation de GSK3-beta et par conséquent une régulation positive des marqueurs d'hypertrophie cardiaque. Ces données suggèrent que l'hyperactivation de PI3K/Akt pourrait participer à l'hypertrophie cardiaque souvent observée dans le SL. "Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively frequent (about 1/2000 births) autosomal dominant disease primarily characterized by facial dysmorphism, heart defects and short stature. LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is a rarer but related disorder that associates, roughly, NS symptoms with deafness and cutaneous abnormalities. Both NS and LS belong to the family of "neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous" (NCFC) syndromes, a group of developmental disorders, which display different combinations of the above-mentioned symptoms with mental retardation and tumor predisposition. At least 80% of LS and 50% of NS patients carry germline missense mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding Shp2. Shp2 is a widely expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that contains Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and promotes Ras-MAPK activation through different molecular mechanisms. Biochemical studies have shown that NS mutations are located at contact points between the catalytic and the SH2 domains and therefore disrupt Shp2 autoinhibitory conformation, stimulating Shp2 catalytic activity (gain-of-function mutations). Conversely, LS mutations are confined within the catalytic domain and repress Shp2 activity. Although genetic studies provided essential advances, how PTPN11 mutations cause the diseases' symptoms remains an open question. We assessed whether LS mutations could influence PI3K activation. To this aim we generated primary and immortalized fibroblast cell lines from LS patient and healthy controls and showed that, in response to EGF stimulation, PI3K/Akt was upregulated in LS cells. This deregulation was due to impaired dephosphorylation of Gab1 PI3K-binding sites by LS mutants. Furthermore, LS mutant promoted PI3K-dependent upregulation of hypertrophy genes in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that this deregulation is involved in LS pathophysiology
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Xu, Dan. "EFFECTS OF ACTIVATING MUTATIONS IN SHP-2 (PTPN11) PHOSPHATASE ON HEMATOPOIETIC CELL DEVELOPMENT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1295052361.
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Park, Junguk. "Development of neutral phosphotyrosine memetics as a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor and studies on its inhibition mechanism." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133278132.
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Ufartes, Mas Roser. "Funktionelle Untersuchungen zum PTPN11-Genprodukt SHP2 und zu PTPN11 Mutanten, die dem Noonan-Syndrom zugrunde liegen." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ABB7-F.
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Sharma, NAMIT. "SHP2/PTPN11 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE PROMOTES MAST CELL HOMEOSTASIS AND SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8087.
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KIT receptor (CD117) is a receptor tyrosine kinase crucial for homeostasis of mast cells (MCs) in tissues and recruitment to sites of inflammation and tumors in response to its ligand Stem cell factor (SCF). Gain of function mutations in KIT (e.g. D816V) are frequently observed in systemic mastocytosis and other cancer types. Src Homology 2 domain containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2 or PTPN11) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that promotes cell proliferation, survival and motility in multiple pathways and cell types. To study SHP2 function in MCs, we generated novel MC-specific Shp2 knock-out (KO) mice (MC-shp2 KO). These mice had reduced numbers of MCs in skin and peritoneum, and defective contact hypersensitivity responses compared to control mice, consistent with SHP2 promoting MC homeostasis. Using an inducible SHP2 KO bone marrow-derived MC (BMMC) culture model, we found that SHP2 KO cells were prone to apoptosis and had no MC repopulating activity in vivo. Mechanistically, SHP2 enhanced ERK activation and downregulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bim. SHP2 KO BMMCs also had defects in chemotaxis towards SCF, due to impaired activation of a Lyn/Vav/Rac pathway in SHP2 KO BMMCs. This correlated with defects in cell spreading, and F-actin polymerization in response to SCF. Treatment of BMMCs with a SHP2 inhibitor (II-B08) also led to reduced chemotaxis, consistent with SHP2 phosphatase activity being required for KIT-induced chemotaxis. Lastly, we tested whether SHP2 regulates oncogenic KIT signaling using a P815 mouse mastocytoma model. Stable silencing of SHP2 in P815 cells led to reduced cell growth and survival in vitro, and less aggressive systemic mastocytosis development in syngeneic mice. Overall, these studies identify SHP2 as a key node in SCF/KIT and oncogenic KIT pathways, and as a potential therapeutic target in several human diseases.Thesis (Ph.D, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-25 12:03:57.818
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Ufartes, Mas Roser [Verfasser]. "Funktionelle Untersuchungen zum PTPN11-Genprodukt SHP2 und zu PTPN11-Mutanten, die dem Noonan-Syndrom zugrunde liegen / vorgelegt von Roser Ufartes Mas." 2006. http://d-nb.info/979969751/34.
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Goodwin, Charles B. "PI3K in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3698.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) is rare, fatal myeloproliferative disease (MPD) affecting young children, and is characterized by expansion of monocyte lineage cells and hypersensitivity to Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) stimulation. JMML is frequently associated with gain-of-function mutations in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2. Activating Shp2 mutations are known to promote hyperactivation of the Ras-Erk signaling pathway, but Akt is also observed to have enhanced phosphorylation, suggesting a potential role for Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling in mutant Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity and leukemogenesis. Having demonstrated that Class IA PI3K is hyperactivated in the presence of mutant Shp2 and contributes to GM-CSF hypersensitivity, I hypothesized the hematopoietic-specific Class IA PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ is a crucial mediator of mutant Shp2-induced PI3K hyperactivation and GM-CSF hypersensitivity in vitro and MPD development in vivo. I crossed gain-of-function mutant Shp2 D61Y inducible knockin mice, which develop fatal MPD, with mice expressing kinase-dead mutant p110δ D910A to evaluate p110δ’s role in mutant Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity in vitro and MPD development in vivo. As a comparison, I also crossed Shp2 D61Y inducible knockin mice with mice bearing inducible knockout of the ubiquitously expressed Class IA PI3K catalytic subunit, p110α. I found that genetic interruption of p110δ, but not p110α, significantly reduced GM-CSF-stimulated hyperactivation of both the Ras-Erk and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and as a consequence, resulted in reduced GM-CSF-stimulated hyper-proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, I found that mice bearing genetic disruption of p110δ, but not p110α, in the presence of gain-of-function mutant Shp2 D61Y, had on average, smaller spleen sizes, suggesting that loss of p110δ activity reduced MPD severity in vivo. I also investigated the effects of three PI3K inhibitors with high specificity for p110δ, IC87114, GDC-0941, and GS-9820 (formerly known as CAL-120), on mutant Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity. These inhibitors with high specificity for p110δ significantly reduced GM-CSF-stimulated hyperactivation of PI3K-Akt and Ras-Erk signaling and reduced GM-CSF-stimulated hyperproliferation in cells expressing gain-of-function Shp2 mutants. Collectively, these findings show that p110δ-dependent PI3K hyperactivation contributes to mutant Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity and MPD development, and that p110δ represents a potential novel therapeutic target for JMML.
Book chapters on the topic "PTPN11 (Shp2)"
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Chan, Gordon, and Benjamin G. Neel. "Role of PTPN11 (SHP2) in Cancer." In Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cancer, 115–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3649-6_4.
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Dempsey, Brian R., Anne C. Rintala-Dempsey, Gary S. Shaw, Yuan Xiao Zhu, A. Keith Stewart, Jaime O. Claudio, Constance E. Runyan, et al. "Src Homology Region 2 (SH2)-Domain Phosphatase or Src Homology Region 2 Domain-Containing PTP-1 (SHP-1 or SH-PTP1)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1779. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_101271.
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"SHP-1 (synonymous with SH-PTP1, PTP1C, HCP)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1805. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15558.
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Wingbermüuhle, Ellen, and Ineke van der Burgt. "Noonan Syndrome." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0026.
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Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. Noonan syndrome may occur on a sporadic basis or in a pattern consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance, with a predominance of maternal transmission (Noonan 1994). In approximately 50% of the patients with definite NS, a missense mutation is found in the PTPN11 gene on chromosome 12. PTPN11 is one of the genes of the Ras-MAPK pathway, a signal transduction cascade that has been studied extensively for its role in human oncogenesis. The signaling cascade regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. PTPN11 encodes the nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. The mutations associated with NS result in a gain of function of SHP-2 (Tartaglia and Gelb 2005). Recently, activating mutations in other genes of the Ras-MAPK pathway (SOS1, KRAS, RAF1) were found as the causative dominant mutations in NS. These findings establish hyperactive Ras as a cause of the developmental abnormalities seen in NS (Schubbert et al. 2007). The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds, by observation of key features. Establishing the diagnosis can be very difficult, especially at an older age. There is great variability in expression, and mild expression is likely to be overlooked. Improvement of the phenotype occurs with increasing age. The age-related change of facial appearance can be subtle, especially at older age. Several scoring systems have been devised to guide the diagnostic process). The most recent scoring system was developed in 1994 (Van der Burgt et al. 1994). The incidence of NS is estimated to be between 1:1,000 and 1:2,500 live births (Mendez and Opitz 1985). Further details on the various medical aspects of NS (e.g., congenital heart defects, skeletal and urethrogenital abnormalities, growth delay) can be found in Van der Burgt (2007). A number of conditions have phenotypes strikingly similar to NS. The first is Turner syndrome (45, X0), a well-known chromosomal abnormality in girls. A group of distinct syndromes with partially overlapping phenotypes also exist in which causative mutations are also found in genes of the RAS-MAPK pathway.
Conference papers on the topic "PTPN11 (Shp2)"
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Ruess, D., G. Heynen, K. Ciecielski, W. Birchmeier, R. Schmid, and H. Algül. "PO-201 Mutant KRAS-driven cancers depend on PTPN11/SHP2 phosphatase." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.719.
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Dorantes-Acosta, Elisa, Hui Huang, Sara P. Garcia, Elliot Stieglitz, Mignon Loh, Guo-Cheng Yuan, and Alan B. Cantor. "Abstract 26: RUNX1 as a transcriptional target of activated Shp2 (PTPN11) in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia." In Abstracts: Second AACR Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; May 6-9, 2017; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.hemmal17-26.
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Bhattacharyya, Sumit, Leo Feferman, and Joanne K. Tobacman. "Abstract 2383: EGFR expression increases following decline in activity of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (ARSB) and SHP2 (PTPN11) and increases in chondroitin 4-sulfate and JNK in prostate." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2383.
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Xu, Dan, Siying Wang, Wen-Mei Yu, Gordon Chan, Toshiyuki Araki, Kevin D. Bunting, Benjamin G. Neel, and Cheng-Kui Qu. "Abstract 4296A: Myeloproliferative disease induced by leukemogenic Ptpn11 (Shp-2) phosphatase arises from hematopoietic stem cells." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4296a.
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