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1
Elaine, Snyder-Conn, ed. Effects of Prudhoe Bay reserve pit fluids on water quality and macroinvertebrates of Arctic tundra ponds in Alaska. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1987.
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Escudier, Marcel. Bernoulli’s equation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0007.
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In this chapter Newton’s second law of motion is used to derive Euler’s equation for the flow of an inviscid fluid along a streamline. For a fluid of constant density ρ Euler’s equation can be integrated to yield Bernoulli’s equation: p + ρgz′ + ρV2 = pT which shows that the sum of the static pressure p, the hydrostatic pressure ρgz and the dynamic pressure ρV2/2 is equal to the total pressure pT. The combination p + ρV2/2 is an important quantity known as the stagnation pressure. Each of the terms on the left-hand side of Bernoulli’s equation can be regarded as representing different forms of mechanical energy and also equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure due to a vertical column of liquid. The dynamic pressure can be thought of as measuring the intensity or strength of a flow and is frequently combined with other fluid and flow properties to produce non-dimensional (or dimensionless) numbers which characterise various aspects of fluid motion.
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Bhagavatula, Sharath K., Daniel A. T. Souza, Milana Flusberg, Stuart G. Silverman, and Paul B. Shyn. CT- and PET/CT-Guided Interventional Radiology Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0011.
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Computed tomography (CT) has become a valuable guidance modality for a large number of diagnostic and therapeutic percutaneous interventions. Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions guided by CT are among the most common interventional radiology procedures performed in clinical practice. Common diagnostic CT-guided interventions include tissue biopsies, fluid aspirations, and catheter drainages. Needle biopsies can be used to obtain tissue for cytologic or histologic assessment from almost any anatomical region of the body. Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT–guided diagnostic and therapeutic interventions have emerged recently and are increasing in frequency and number of indications. This chapter discusses common interventional procedures that are performed in both the interventional CT and PET/CT suites and outlines patient issues, procedural techniques, radiation/safety, and other clinical considerations that pertain to both interventionalists and anesthesiologists.
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Muñoz-Rujas, Natalia, Gabriel Rubio Pérez, Mohamed Lifi, Fatima E. M’Hamdi Alaou, and Eduardo A. Montero. Ingeniería termodinámica. Ecuación de estado térmica de fluidos mediante experimentación / Engineering thermodynamics. Thermal equation of fluids by experimentation / Ingénierie thermodynamique. Équation d'etat thermique par l'expérimentation. Universidad de Burgos, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36443/9788418465048.
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En muchas industrias se emplean fluidos en los procesos de producción. Estos fluidos, sean líquidos, gases o mezclas de ambos, se almacenan en depósitos y se transportan por conductos en las instalaciones industriales. El volumen que cada kilogramo de fluido ocupa en estas instalaciones puede variar si también lo hacen su presión y temperatura. Encontrar esta interdependencia entre presión, volumen y temperatura resulta crucial para dimensionar depósitos y conductos. Conocer la relación matemática que expresa la interdependencia física de estas tres propiedades es esencial en ingeniería. En este libro veremos de modo experimental la interdependencia que presentan las propiedades presión, volumen y temperatura en fluidos. Lo haremos a través un caso práctico. En este libro mostraremos: 1) la dependencia mutua de las variables de estado presión-volumen-temperatura (PVT) para el fluido contenido en un volumen variable al modificar la presión y la temperatura. 2 ) la distinción de las propiedades de un fluido en las diferentes zonas de operación. 3 ) la obtención de la curva de vaporización presión-temperatura (P-T) y el diagrama presión-volumen (P-V) de un fluido.
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Falk, Bareket, and Raffy Dotan. Temperature regulation. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0014.
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Under all but the most extreme environmental heat conditions, children control their body temperature (at rest and during exercise) as well as adults. Children, however, use a different thermoregulatory strategy. Compared with adults, children rely more on dry heat dissipation and less on evaporative cooling (sweating). Their larger skin surface-area relative to mass does put children at increasing disadvantage, relative to adults, as ambient temperatures rise above skin temperature. Similarly, they become increasingly disadvantaged upon exposure to decreasing temperatures below the thermo-neutral zone. Like adults, children inadvertently dehydrate while exercising in hot conditions and are often hypohydrated, even before exercise, and their core temperature rises considerably more than adults in response to a given fluid (sweat) loss, which may put them at higher risk for heat-related injury. However, epidemiological data show rates of both heat- and cold-related injuries among children and adolescents as similar or lower than at any other age.
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Chadwick, David, Alastair Compston, Michael Donaghy, et al. Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0100.
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This chapter describes the many methods that can be used to investigate neurological disorders. The application and suitability for specific disorder types are outlined, as are contraindications for use. Methods of imaging the central nervous system include computed tomography (CT) imaging, several magnetic resonance (MR) scanning methods, Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Invasive (angiography) and non-invasive methods of imaging the cerebral circulation are also outlined.The standard method of recording electrical activity of the brain is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is heavily used in epilepsy to investigate regions of epileptogenesis.Other investigations described include evoked potentials, nerve conduction and electromyography studies, the examination of cerebrospinal fluid and the diagnostic use of neurological autoantibodies. Finally, neurogenetics, neuropsychological assessment and the assessment of treatments by randomized trials are discussed.
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Jacquet, Gabrielle. Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, and Peritonsillar Abscess. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0010.
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Pharyngitis typically presents with sore throat, fever, and pharyngeal inflammation. More serious cases may progress to peritonsillar abscess (PTA). Infection or inflammation of the throat that primarily affects the palantine tonsils is considered tonsillitis, whereas infections involving the posterior pharynx are considered pharyngitis. Weber glands (a group of mucous salivary glands superior to the tonsil in the soft palate) have been implicated in the formation of PTA; one must consider their proximity to the trachea and to the carotid artery when pursuing fine needle aspiration. Treatment for all cases includes supportive care with antipyretics, analgesics, and fluids. Despite the much lower prevalence of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection (for which antibiotics is indicated), a staggering 49% to 57% of children and 64% of adults evaluated for pharyngitis receive an antibiotic prescription. Up to 90% of primary infections with HIV-1 are associated with acute retroviral syndrome, which can include pharyngitis 2 to 4 weeks after exposure.
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Ganciu, Raluca Maria. SAC CU PENE. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062813529.
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De la cele ce nu sunt cu putinta de povestit pana la cele ce pot fi povestite doar in fata oglinzii, este un drum, un traseu de pasare migratoare, de pasare calatoare. Pentru Raluca Maria Ganciu, acesta este un drum al cocorilor. Exista o legenda japoneza, mai mult un fluid real decat o poveste, unde se spune ca pasarile migratoare, cand pleaca spre tarile calde, iau cu ele o scandurica de lemn, si o tin in cioc. Atunci cand sunt deasupra oceanelor, si sunt obosite de-atata zbor, dau drumul acestei scandurici de lemn in apa, se aseaza pe ea, odihnindu-se, si in acelasi timp, plutind mai departe. Raluca Maria Ganciu este o melancolica incurabila, si nu vad de ce ar fi altfel. Este starea ei nativa ca om si poet. Este prima ei sursa de identitate sau in termeni de literatura digitala, aceasta melancolie face parte din datele prin care poate fi identificata.
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Prud'homme, Alex. Hydrofracking. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199311262.001.0001.
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Constantly in the news and the subject of much public debate, fracking, as it is known for short, is one of the most promising yet controversial methods of extracting natural gas and oil. Today, 90 percent of natural gas wells use fracking. Though highly effective, the process-which fractures rock with pressurized fluid-has been criticized for polluting land, air, and water, and endangering human health. A timely addition to Oxford's What Everyone Needs to Know series, Hydrofracking tackles this contentious topic, exploring both sides of the debate and providing a clear guide to the science underlying the technique. In concise question-and-answer format, Alex Prud'homme cuts through the maze of opinions and rhetoric to uncover key points, from the economic and political benefits of fracking to the health dangers and negative effects on the environment. Prud'homme offers clear answers to a range of fundamental questions, including: What is fracking fluid? How does it impact water supplies? Who regulates the industry? How much recoverable natural gas exists in the U.S.? What new innovations are on the horizon? Supporters as diverse as President Obama and the conservative billionaire T. Boone Pickens have promoted natural gas as a clean, "21st-century" fuel that will reduce global warming, create jobs, and provide tax revenues, but concerns remain, with environmental activists like Bill McKibben and others leading protests to put an end to fracking as a means of obtaining alternative energy. Prud'homme considers ways to improve methods in the short-term, while also exploring the possibility of transitioning to more sustainable resources-wind, solar, tidal, and perhaps nuclear power-for the long term. Written for general readers, Hydrofracking clearly explains both the complex science of fracking and the equally complex political and economic issues that surround it, giving readers all the information they need to understand what will no doubt remain a contentious issue for years to come.
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Osseo-Asare, Fran. Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Greenwood Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400652486.
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East African, notably, Ethiopian, cuisine is perhaps the most well-known in the States. This volume illuminates West, southern, and Central African cuisine as well to give students and other readers a solid understanding of how the diverse African peoples grow, cook, and eat food and how they celebrate special occasions and ceremonies with special foods. Readers will also learn about African history, religions, and ways of life plus how African and American foodways are related. For example, cooking techniques such as deep frying and ingredients such as peanuts, chili peppers, okra, watermelon, and even cola were introduced to the United States by sub-Sahara Africans who were brought as slaves. Africa is often presented as a monolith, but this volume treats each region in turn with representative groups and foodways presented in manageable fashion, with a truer picture able to emerge. It is noted that the boundaries of many countries are imposed, so that food culture is more fluid in a region. Commonalities are also presented in the basic format of a meal, with a starch with a sauce or stew and vegetables and perhaps some protein, typically cooked over a fire in a pot supported by three stones. Representative recipes, a timeline, glossary, and evocative photos complete the narrative.
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Gangale, Thomas. Space Exploration in the United States. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216017165.
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East African, notably, Ethiopian, cuisine is perhaps the most well-known in the States. This volume illuminates West, southern, and Central African cuisine as well to give students and other readers a solid understanding of how the diverse African peoples grow, cook, and eat food and how they celebrate special occasions and ceremonies with special foods. Readers will also learn about African history, religions, and ways of life plus how African and American foodways are related. For example, cooking techniques such as deep frying and ingredients such as peanuts, chili peppers, okra, watermelon, and even cola were introduced to the United States by sub-Sahara Africans who were brought as slaves. Africa is often presented as a monolith, but this volume treats each region in turn with representative groups and foodways presented in manageable fashion, with a truer picture able to emerge. It is noted that the boundaries of many countries are imposed, so that food culture is more fluid in a region. Commonalities are also presented in the basic format of a meal, with a starch with a sauce or stew and vegetables and perhaps some protein, typically cooked over a fire in a pot supported by three stones. Representative recipes, a timeline, glossary, and evocative photos complete the narrative.
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Benardot, Dan. Advanced Sports Nutrition. Human Kinetics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718220973.
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Use the most sophisticated sports nutrition information to help you reach your athletic performance goals. In Advanced Sports Nutrition, Third Edition, world-renowned sports nutritionist Dr. Dan Benardot combines the latest research, strategies, and sports nutrition information with his experience in academia and work with elite athletes to help you learn the following: The implications of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) and within-day energy balance so you can maintain crucial energy balance throughout training and competitionOptimal ratios and quantities of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals for achieving maximum power, strength, and performanceHow to avoid gastrointestinal distress during activityThe most popular supplements and their effects on your athletic performanceStrategies for balancing fluid and electrolytes to avoid dehydration and hyperhydrationHow to combat the effects of travel, such as jet lag, new foods, sleep disruption, and high altitudeWeight-loss and body-composition issues so you can apply appropriate strategies to achieve the optimal strength-to-weight ratio for your sportSport-specific guidelines for power sports, endurance sports, and those that require both power and endurance To further assist you in distilling the science into practice, you’ll find 13 practical nutrition guides in the appendix. Curious about pregame nutrition, hydration, high-carb snacks, or macronutrient intake? These quick reference sheets help you easily apply the principles to your own nutrition plan. With Advanced Sports Nutrition, Third Edition, you get practical advice for how best to put nutrition science to work for you.
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Seth, Raghav, and George E. Smith. Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098025.001.0001.
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Legend has it that Jean Perrin’s experiments on Brownian motion between 1905 and 1913 “put a definite end to the long struggle regarding the real existence of molecules.” Close examination of these experiments, however, shows how little access they gained to the molecular realm. They did succeed in determining mean kinetic energies of particles in Brownian motion, but the values for molecular magnitudes Perrin inferred from them simply presupposed that those energies match the mean kinetic energies of molecules in the surrounding fluid. This presupposition became increasingly suspect between 1908 and 1913 as distinctly different values for these magnitudes were obtained from alpha-particle emissions (by Rutherford et al.), from ionization (by Millikan), and from Planck’s blackbody radiation equation. This monograph explains how Perrin’s measurements of the kinetic energies in Brownian motion were nevertheless exemplars of theory-mediated measurement—the practice of inferring values for inaccessible quantities from values of accessible proxies via theoretical relationships between them. Moreover, though Planck in 1900 had proposed turning to complementary theory-mediated measurements of interlinked molecular magnitudes as a source of evidence, it was Perrin more than anyone else who championed this approach. The concerted efforts of Rutherford, Millikan, Planck, Perrin, and their colleagues during the years in question led to evidence of this form becoming central to microphysics. The analysis here of how this came about replaces an untenable legend with an account that is not only tenable, but far more instructive about what the evidence did and did not show.
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Dworkin, Craig. Helicography. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0352.1.00.
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Part art history essay, part experimental fiction, part theoretical manifesto on the politics of equivalence, Helicography examines questions of scale in relation to Robert Smithson’s iconic 1970 artwork Spiral Jetty. In an essay and film made to accompany the earthwork, Smithson invites us to imagine the stone helix of his structure at various orders of magnitude, from microscopic molecules to entire galaxies. Taking up this invitation with an unrelenting and literal enthusiasm, Helicography pursues the implications of such transformations all the way to the limits of logic. If other spirals, from the natural to the man-made, were expanded or condensed to the size of Spiral Jetty, what are the consequences of their physical metamorphoses? What other equivalences follow in turn, and where do their surprising historical, cultural, and mechanical connections lead? This book considers a number of forms in order to find out: the fluid vortices of whirlpools, hurricanes, and galaxies; the delicate shells of snails and the threatening pose of rattlesnakes; prehistoric ferns and the turns of the inner ear; the monstrous jaws of ancient sharks; a baroque finial scroll on a bass viol; a 19th-century watch spring; phonograph discs and spooled film; the largest open-pit mine on the planet. The result is a narrative laboratory for the “science of imaginary solutions” proposed by Alfred Jarry (whose King Ubu also plays a central role in the story told here), a work of fictocriticism blurring form and content, and the story of a single instant in time lost in the deserts of the intermountain west.
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Murer, Heini, Jürg Biber, and Carsten A. Wagner. Phosphate homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0025.
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Inorganic phosphate ions (H2PO4−/ HPO42−) (abbreviated as Pi) are involved in formation of bone and generation of high-energy bonds (e.g. ATP), metabolic pathways, and regulation of cellular functions. In addition, Pi is a component of biological membranes and nucleic acids. Only about 1% of total body Pi content is present in extracellular fluids, at a plasma concentration in adults within the range 0.8–1.4 mMol/L (at pH 7.4 mostly as HPO42−), with diurnal variations of approximately 0.2 mM. A small amount of plasma Pi is bound to proteins or forms complexes with calcium. Under normal, balanced conditions, absorption of dietary Pi along the small intestine equals the output of Pi via kidney and faeces. Renal excretion of Pi represents the key determinant for the adjustment of normal Pi plasma concentrations. Renal reabsorption of Pi occurs along the proximal tubules by sodium-dependent Pi cotransporters that are strictly localized at the apical brush border membrane. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23 are key regulators amongst a myriad of factors controlling excretion of Pi in urine, mostly by changes of the apical abundance of Na/Pi cotransporters. Hypophosphataemia may result in osteomalacia, rickets, muscle weakness, and haemolysis. Hyperphosphataemia can lead to hyperparathyroidism and severe calcifications in different tissues.
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Haica, Cristiana. Introducere in psihiatrie. Semiologia psihiatrica pentru psihologi. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062813437.
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Evaluarea psihologica clinica este un proces etapizat, sistematic, extrem de complex, ce se adreseaza atat functiilor psihice cat si personalitatii umane, ce trebuie sa ia in considerare o multitudine de aspecte care adesea nu sunt evidente, nici aparente. Inainte de a primi tratament medicamentos sau prin interventie psihologica, orice client trebuie sa treaca prin aceasta etapa fundamentala - evaluarea psihologica ce poate face ca terapia sa poata fi eficienta si adecvata. Este extrem de important ca evaluarea psihologica ce preceda interventia psihologica sa fie efectuata in baza unor ipoteze clinice, multimodal si corect, asa cum este prezentata in acest volum. Rezultatele evaluarii clinice trebuie, ulterior evaluarii, formulate intr-un limbaj profesionist, de specialitate, comun psihologiei si psihiatriei. Accesul viitorilor psihologi la acest vocabular de specialitate trebuie sa se faca inca de pe bancile facultatii, cunoasterea semnelor si simptomelor bolilor psihice, a principalelor entitati semiologice psihiatrice fiind extrem de importanta. Scopul urmarit de aceasta carte este acela de a oferi un set rezonabil de informatii de specialitate abordate intr-o maniera didactica, fluida, pornind de la principii de baza si continuand cu metode de lucru, cazuri particulare si analiza diverselor cadre in care acestea pot fi puse in practica. Importanta temei abordate deriva din binomul formare informare. Acest volum este deci important din perspectiva formativa pentru ca pune la dispozitia studentilor, masteranzilor in psihologie, psihologilor cu competente in consiliere, psihoterapie, psihologie clinica, dar si a celor cu alte competente, altor lucratori in domeniul sanatatii mintale, un ghid exhaustiv de semiologie a manifestarilor modurilor normale sau anormale in care fiecare proces si functie psihica poate functiona, imbogatite cu exemple din cazuistica proprie a autoarei sau din literatura de specialitate, ce faciliteaza considerabil intelegerea. Valenta informativa vine din adresarea catre categoria larga a altor persoane care sunt interesate de perspectiva psihologiei asupra bolii psihice.