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Journal articles on the topic 'PTZ'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Drudge, J. H., E. T. Lyons, S. C. Tolliver, S. R. Lowry, and E. H. Fallon. "Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: A study of selection in Thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983." American Journal of Veterinary Research 49, no. 7 (1988): 986–94. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.07.986.

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SUMMARY Observations were completed over an 18-year period (1966 through 1983) in Thoroughbred mares (15/year) and yearlings (11 to 24/year) on a farm where benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles had emerged previously (1962 to 1965). This farm was operated as a closed, nonboarding type, which included a racing stable for its home-bred foals. At 2-week intervals, counts of worm eggs per gram of feces (epg) and larvae per gram of feces were done to monitor strongyle infections and efficacies of bimonthly (every 8 weeks) antiparasitic treatments that were administered by stomach tube or were f

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Andrews, J. S., L. Turski, and D. N. Stephens. "Does the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) cue reflect PTZ-induced kindling or PTZ-induced anxiogenesis?" Drug Development Research 16, no. 2-4 (1989): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430160218.

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Alrashdi, Jawaher, Gadah Albasher, Mohammed M. Alanazi, Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani, Abdulkareem A. Alanezi, and Fawaz Alasmari. "Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Extract on Neurobehavioral and Neurobiological Changes in Male Rats with Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy." Toxics 11, no. 10 (2023): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100826.

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This study investigated the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO) extract on neurobehavioral and neurobiological changes in male rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy. Rats were assigned into five groups: (1) control rats, (2) RO-treated rats, (3) PTZ-treated rats, (4) PTZ + RO-treated rats, and (5) PTZ + valproic acid (VA)-treated rats. The PTZ-treated rats required a significantly longer time and distance to find the platform in the Morris water maze test than the control and RO-treated rats. Additionally, PTZ-treated rats showed a decrease in tendency to cross over the platf

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4

Borodi, Gheorghe, Alexandru Turza, Oana Onija, and Attila Bende. "Succinic, fumaric, adipic and oxalic acid cocrystals of promethazine hydrochloride." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 2 (2019): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618017904.

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Novel cocrystals of promethazine hydrochloride [PTZ-Cl; systematic name: N,N-dimethyl-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-aminium chloride] with succinic acid (PTZ-Cl-succinic, C17H21N2S+·Cl−·0.5C4H6O4), fumaric acid (PTZ-Cl-fumaric, C17H21N2S+·Cl−·0.5C4H4O4) and adipic acid (PTZ-Cl-adipic, C17H21N2S+·Cl−·0.5C6H10O4) were prepared by solvent drop grinding and slow evaporation from acetonitrile solution, along with two oxalic acid cocrystals which were prepared in tetrahydrofuran (the oxalic acid hemisolvate, PTZ-Cl-oxalic, C17H21N2S+·Cl−·0.5C2H2O4) and nitromethane (the hydrogen oxalate salt, P

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Chong, Kwok Feng, Lee S.P., Saufi N.H.M., and Teo E.Y.L. "Phenothiazine-functionalized rGO for Electrochemical Capacitor." Current Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v2i2.9292.

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The functionalization arose as a technique to improve the physicochemical properties of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and consequently enhance the supercapacitor performance. The functionalization compound, phenothiazine (PTZ) introduces nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms into rGO via the one-pot hydrothermal method at different mass ratio produced PTZ-rGO 5 and PTZ-rGO 10. Incorporation of PTZ on the rGO sheets in PTZ-rGO 5 contributes to the high surface area (163.49 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.3187 cm3 g−1) properties. Contradictory, overloaded PTZ not only shows a lower reduction effect but

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M.E. Abdel-Salam, Omar, Amany A. Sleem, Marawan Abd El Baset Mohamed Sayed, Yasser A. Khadrawy, and Fatma A. Morsy. "Cannabis sativa Increases Seizure Severity and Brain Lipid Peroxidation in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling in Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (2018): 1187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1480.

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The effect of Cannabis sativa extract on chemical kindling induced in rats by the repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was studied. Rats were treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every 48 hours for 12 times alone or with ip Cannabis sativa (20 mg/kg expressed as Δ9-THC content) 30 min prior to PTZ injection. Seizures were recorded for 20 minutes. Control rats received ip saline. Cannabis treatment caused significant elevation of mean seizure score as compared to PTZ only group after the 5th, 6th and 7th PTZ repeated injections during seizure development. In particul

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Mihailovic, Jasna, Ljubomir Stefanovic, and Milica Malesevic. "Locally invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Some characteristics and results of treatment." Archive of Oncology 11, no. 3 (2003): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0303184m.

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Background: This study was performed with aim to analyze differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in patients staged as pathological T4 (pT4), related to the DTC patients staged as pT1-pT3. Methods: 267 patients staged as pT1-pT4 were treated in a period from 1977 to 2000, and followed until the end of 2001. Out of the total number, 117 patients were staged as pT4, 49 patients as pT3, 78 patients as pT2, and 23 patients as pT1. All patients were treated surgically, by radioiodine and by hormonal therapy; some of them underwent external radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Results: We staged 36 male

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Asgharzadeh, Fereshteh, Mahmoud Hosseini, Farimah Beheshti, Hassan Rakhshandeh, Somaieh Mansouri, and Akbar Anaeigoudari. "Improving Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Tanacetum Parthenium Against Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Model in Mice." Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences 27, no. 4 (2021): 486–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.27.4.3491.1.

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Aims Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of seizures. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Tanacetum parthenium against oxidative brain damage in a pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure model in mice. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, mice were divided into 6 groups: control, PTZ, and 4 other groups that, besides PTZ, received 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the fraction. PTZ (100 mg/kg) and a fraction (30 min before PTZ) were administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. Delay in the onset of the minimal clonic seizure

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Sedky, Amina Ahmed, Osama Mahmoud Hassan El Serafy, Olfat Ahmed Hassan, Hala Salah Abdel-kawy, Amany Helmy Hasanin, and Mona Hussein Raafat. "Trimetazidine potentiates the antiepileptic activity and ameliorates the metabolic changes associated with pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats treated with valproic acid." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 6 (2017): 686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0263.

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Oxidative stress is implicated in epileptogenesis as well as in the metabolic changes associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease in epilepsy. The present work investigated the impact of the antioxidant trimetazidine (TMZ) on the antiepileptic activity of valproic acid (VPA) and on the metabolic and histological changes in hippocampal, aortic, and hepatic tissues associated with epilepsy and (or) VPA. Rats were divided into non-pentylenetetrazole (non-PTZ) group subdivided into control and VPA-treated groups, and PTZ-treated group subdivided into PTZ, PTZ/VPA, PTZ/TMZ, a

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Minosse, Claudia, Cesare E. M. Gruber, Martina Rueca, et al. "Late Relapse and Reinfection in HCV Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Drugs." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061151.

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The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment is <0.5%. However, the distinction between HCV RNA late relapse and reinfection still represents a challenge in virological diagnostics. The aim of this study was to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate HCV RNA recurrence in patients achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) at least six months post-treatment. NGS was performed on plasma samples from six HCV-positive patients (Pt1–6) treated with DAA. NGS of HCV NS5B was analyzed before treatment (T0), after HCV RNA rebound (T

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11

Othman, Mohamed S., Sofian T. Obeidat, Ghada M. Aleid, et al. "Green Synthetized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Extract Reduce Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy and Associated Cortical Damage in Rats." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021050.

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We aimed to investigate the potential anticonvulsant effect of green synthetized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) (SAE-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and cortical damage induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in rats and its mechanism. A total of 84 rats were divided into six groups; control, PTZ-exposed group, SAE + PTZ-treated group, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) + PTZ-treated group, SAE-SeNPs + PTZ-treated group, and diazepam + PTZ-treated group. SAE-SeNPs significantly increase (p < 0.05) the latency time to seizures and reduce both the seizur

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Cutro, Scott R., Robert Holzman, Yanina Dubrovskaya, et al. "Extended-Infusion versus Standard-Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Sepsis Syndromes at a Tertiary Medical Center." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 8 (2014): 4470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02759-14.

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ABSTRACTPiperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) is frequently used as empirical and targeted therapy for Gram-negative sepsis. Time-dependent killing properties of PTZ support the use of extended-infusion (EI) dosing; however, studies have shown inconsistent benefits of EI PTZ treatment on clinical outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who received EI PTZ treatment and historical controls who received standard-infusion (SI) PTZ treatment for presumed sepsis syndromes. Data on mortality rates, clinical outcomes, length of stay (LOS), and disease severity were obtained. A t

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Asgharzadeh, Fereshteh, Mahmoud Hosseini, Rahimeh Bargi, et al. "Effect of Captopril on Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice." Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 3 (2019): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2019.38.

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Background: Frequent seizure is followed by overproduction of free radicals and brain oxidative stress. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) has some effects on central nervous system. We designed this research to challenge the effect of captopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor against brain oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizures in mice. Methods: The groups were including (1) Control (saline); (2) PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) PTZ- captopril (Capto) that received three doses of Capto 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg 30 min before PTZ injection. Latency time in the on

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Ma, Xiaoyu, Renquan Gu, Liujian Yu, et al. "Conjugated phenothiazine oxime esters as free radical photoinitiators." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 39 (2017): 6134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00797c.

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15

Freidin, A. B., E. N. Vilchevskaya, and L. L. Sharipova. "Two-phase deformations within the framework of phase transition zones." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, no. 28-29 (2002): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam0229145f.

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We analyze conditions on the equilibrium interface and develop the concept of phase transition zones (PTZ) formed in strain-space by all deformations which can exist on the equilibrium interface. The importance of the PTZ construction follows from the fact that deformations outside the PTZ cannot exist on the interface, whatever the loading conditions. The PTZ boundary acts as a phase diagram or yield surface in strain-space. We develop a general procedure for the PTZ construction and give examples for various nonlinear elastic materials and in a case of small strains. We study orientations of

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16

Alrashdi, Barakat M., Alaa Fehaid, Rami B. Kassab, Sara Rizk, Ola A. Habotta, and Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim. "Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Epigallocatechin Gallate Protect against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Activities." Biomedicines 11, no. 7 (2023): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071955.

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Several negative outcomes are associated with current anti-epileptic medications. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a plant-derived compound called catechin and has many medicinal activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles are also showing their neuroprotective effect. The anti-epileptic effect of EGCG, alone or with SeNPs, is still debated. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-seizure effect of biosynthesized SeNPs using EGCG (EGCG-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and hippocampal damage, which is enhanced by pentylenet

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Carrié, Cédric, Jesse Butruille, Sophie Maingault, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin–Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients with Open Abdomen and Vacuum-Assisted Wound Closure: Dosing Considerations Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 9 (2024): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091191.

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Background: Open abdomen with vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy (OA/VAC) is frequently used in critically ill patients although the impact of OA/VAC on antibiotics pharmacokinetics (PK) remains unknown. We thus aimed to characterize the PK of piperacillin–tazobactam (PTZ) in critically ill patients with OA/VAC and assess the optimal dosing regimens based on pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment. Methods: Over a 15-month study period, 45 patients with OA/VAC treated with PTZ administered continuously and adapted to 24 h creatinine clearance (CLCR) underwent measurements of free concentrat

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Amakhin, Dmitry V., Ilya V. Smolensky, Elena B. Soboleva, and Aleksey V. Zaitsev. "Paradoxical Anticonvulsant Effect of Cefepime in the Pentylenetetrazole Model of Seizures in Rats." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 5 (2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13050080.

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Many β-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins, may cause neurotoxic and proconvulsant effects. The main molecular mechanism of such effects is considered to be γ-aminobutyric acid type a (GABAa) receptor blockade, leading to the suppression of GABAergic inhibition and subsequent overexcitation. We found that cefepime (CFP), a cephalosporin, has a pronounced antiepileptic effect in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model by decreasing the duration and severity of the seizure and animal mortality. This effect was specific to the PTZ model. In line with findings of previous studi

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Wang, Xiu-Li, Na Li, Ai-Xiang Tian, et al. "Three 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks Constructed from Keggin Polyanions and Multi-nuclear AgI Clusters: Assembly, Structures and Properties." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 7 (2013): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3007.

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Three Keggin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing multi-nuclear silver subunits, [Ag7(ptz)5(H2O)2][H2SiMo12O40] (1), [Ag8(ptz)5(H2O)2][AsW12O40] (2) and [Ag7(ptz)5(H2O)][HAsMo12O40] (3) (ptzH=5-(4-pyridyl)-tetrazole), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by changing the inorganic polyanions. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, TG analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the multi-nuclear Ag5(ptz)5 subunits are interconnected to form chains, which are further linked by AgI cations to construct a 3D MO

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Jelenkovic, Ankica, D. Marina Jovanovic, Dragan Đurđević, et al. "Influence of Midazolam and L-Arginine on Clinical Observations and Biochemical Changes in Rat Liver Induced by Pentylenetetrazole." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 3 (2009): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978030483.

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Certain types of convulsions may lead to multiorgan dysfunction. We investigated whether the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) could influence energy synthesis in the liver besides evoking convulsions in adult male Wistar rats. In 80% of the rats PTZ (100 mg/kg body weight, administered intraperitoneally – i.p.) evoked generalised clonic convulsions (GCCs) and in 60% of the rats generalised clonic-tonic convulsions (GCTCs) within 4 min after its administration. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was simultaneously reduced approximately three-fold compared to 0.9% NaCl-treated (control) rats

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Vaghasiya, Jayraj V., Keval K. Sonigara, Jyoti Prasad, Thomas Beuvier, Alain Gibaud, and Saurabh S. Soni. "Role of a phenothiazine/phenoxazine donor in solid ionic conductors for efficient solid state dye sensitized solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 11 (2017): 5373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09777d.

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Efficient electron donors, phenothiazine (PTZ)/phenoxazine (POZ) substituted imidazolium (IMI) and benzimidazolium (BIMI) iodide solid organic ionic conductors (SOICs) possessing good thermal stability and high conductivity are synthesized and used as electrolytes in solid state dye solar cell (ss-DSSC).

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KOÇAK, Yılmaz, Zübeyir HUYUT, Fikret TÜRKAN, Oruc ALLAHVERDİYEV, Bahattin BULDUK, and Ugur OZDEK. "The Effect of Artemisinin on Oxidative Stress Markers in Mouse Heart and Lung Tissues in an Experimental Model of Epileptic Seizure." Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, no. 6 (2022): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1189565.

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Aim: The current study investigated the effects of artemisinin on the heart and lung tissue against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. For this purpose, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were evaluated in both tissue homogenates.Material and Method: Swiss albino male mice (n=42) were used in the experiment. Animals were divided into six groups; Control (C), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), valproate 100 mg/kg (VPA), artemisinin 30 mg/kg (ARS)+PTZ, ARS 60 mg/kg+PTZ, ARS 120 mg/kg+PTZ.

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Muhammad, Hafsat Danmallam, Fatima Alhassan Dawud, Jamilu Ya'u, Jimoh Abdulazeez, and Rukayya Adebisi Abdulrauf. "Supplementation With Pearl Millet Enhances Hippocampal Gaba-ergic And Suppresses Glutamatergic Systems In Pentylenetetrazole-kindled Wistar Rats." Jewel Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2022): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56167/jjms.2022.0302.06.

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Background: Pearl millets (PMS) has been reported to exert various health benefits, including anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-convulsant effects. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of PMS supplementation in Hippocampal GABA-ergic and Glutamatergic Systems in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled Wistar rats. Methodology: Induction of PTZ-kindled seizures in Wistar rats involves the grouping of 40 rats into 5 groups (normal saline, 200 mg/kg sodium valproate, 25% PMS, 50 % PMS and 100 % PMS) with each group receiving PTZ (35 mg/kg) on every alternate day for 30 days. Thirty minutes after each

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Ekbote, Anupama, Shaikh M. Mobin, and Rajneesh Misra. "Stimuli-responsive phenothiazine-based donor–acceptor isomers: AIE, mechanochromism and polymorphism." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 10 (2020): 3589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05192a.

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Stimuli responsive phenothiazine-based donor–acceptor (D–A) molecules were designed and synthesized as positional isomers p-PTZ, m-PTZ and o-PTZ. A comprehensive comparative study of the electronic and photophysical properties has been performed to study the effect of positional change.

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Hussein, Abdelaziz M., Mohamed Eldosoky, Mohamed El-Shafey та ін. "Effects of metformin on apoptosis and α-synuclein in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 97, № 1 (2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0266.

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The present study was designed to examine the possible neuroprotective and antiepileptic effects of metformin (Metf) in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy and its possible underlying mechanisms. Forty male albino rats were assigned to 4 groups of equal size: (1) normal control (NC) group, (2) Metf group: daily treatment with Metf (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks, (3) PTZ group: treatment with PTZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 2 weeks, and (4) Metf + PTZ group: daily treatment with PTZ and metformin (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks. Administration of PTZ caused a signific

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Hussein, Abdelaziz M., Khaled M. Abbas, Osama A. Abulseoud, and El-Hussainy M. A. El-Hussainy. "Effects of ferulic acid on oxidative stress, heat shock protein 70, connexin 43, and monoamines in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 6 (2017): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0219.

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The present study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH)), connexin (Cx) 43, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70), and monoamines (serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE)) levels in a rat model of PTZ-induced kindling. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 equal groups: (a) normal group; (b) FA group: normal rats received FA at a dose of 40 mg/kg daily; (c) PTZ group: normal rats received PTZ at a dose of 50 mg/kg i.p. on alternate days for 15 days; (

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Ruikar, Prerna V., J. V. Vyas, A. M. Wankhade, and V. V. Paithankar. "Anticonvulsant Activity of Psoralia corylifolia linn. in PTZ Induced Mice Model." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 8, no. 5 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2023.v08i05.010.

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Objectives: To investigate the anticonvulsant activity of extract of Psoralia corylifolia linn. Leaves on PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole) induced seizures in swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The extract of Psoralia corylifolia linn. leaves (120mg/kg and 60mg/kg i.p) was studied for its anticonvulsant effect on PTZ induced seizures in Swiss albino mice. In PTZ seizures, abolition of the convulsions was noted. Results: The extract of leaves of Psoralia corylifolia linn. (120mg/kg and 60mg/kg, i.p) significantly (p<0.005) protected the animals from PTZ induced tonic convulsions. Conclusion:

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Ekong, Moses, Clementina Iniodu, Ini-Obong Essien, and Samuel Edem. "Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach.) Taub. Fruit Extract Improves Cognitive Behaviour and Some Brain Areas of Pentylenetetrazol-Kindling Rats." NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (2021): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47081/njn2021.12.1/004.

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Epilepsy is a neuronal disorder that arises from imbalances of some neurotransmitters and manifests as recurrent seizure and cognitive impairment. Most antiepileptic drugs are either expensive, not effec¬tive or are associated with adverse effects warranting efficacious alternatives. This study, therefore, investigated the activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach.) Taub fruit extract (TTE) on the behaviour and some brain areas of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were assigned into five groups (1-5, n=7): Control (distilled water); TTE (500 mg/

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Al Omairi, Naif E., Ashraf Albrakati, Khalaf F. Alsharif, et al. "Selenium Nanoparticles with Prodigiosin Rescue Hippocampal Damage Associated with Epileptic Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazole in Rats." Biology 11, no. 3 (2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030354.

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Background: Prodigiosin (PDG) is a red pigment synthesized by bacterial species with important pharmaceutical and biological activities. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities of green biosynthesized selenium formulations with PDG (SeNPs-PDG) versus pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures. Methods: Rats were assigned into six experimental groups: control; PTZ (60 mg/kg, epileptic model); sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) + PTZ; PDG (300 mg/kg) + PTZ; sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg) + PTZ; and SeNPs-PDG (0.5 mg/kg) + PTZ. The treatment duration is extended to

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Hussein, Abdelaziz M., Mohamed Eldosoky, Mohamed El-Shafey, et al. "Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation on a Pentylenetetrazole—Kindling Rat Model." Brain Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9050108.

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Objectives: To study the possible anti-seizure and neuroprotective effect of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogue (liraglutide) in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindled rat model and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 3 equal groups; i) Normal group: normal rats received normal saline, ii) PTZ (kindling) group: received PTZ (50 mg/Kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) every other day for 2 weeks and iii) PTZ + GLP1 group: same as the PTZ group but rats received liraglutide (75 µg/kg i.p. daily) for 2 weeks before PTZ injection. Seizure severity sc

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Erdogan, H., F. Ekici, M. Katar, H. Kesici, and H. Aslan. "The protective effects of endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ-123 in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 10 (2014): 1008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113520017.

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Endothelin-1 has been shown to increase neuronal activity and glutaminergic synaptic transmission by endothelin-A receptors (ETAR) in the nucleus tractus solitarius neurons that play an important role in epileptic seizures. Therefore, BQ-123 as an ETAR antagonist might attenuate neuronal excitability and glutaminergic synaptic transmission. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of acute BQ-123 treatment against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced tonic–clonic seizures. Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, PTZ, and PTZ + BQ-123 groups.

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Bonacci, Ognjen, Tanja Roje-Bonacci, and Duje Bonacci. "Povezanost površinske temperature more i površinske temperature zraka." Geoadria 26, no. 1 (2021): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.3408.

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Povezanost površinske temperature mora (PTM) i površinske temperature zraka (PTZ) izmjerene na malome otoku Hvaru (Jadransko more) ispituju se na godišnjim i mjesečnim vremenskim ljestvicama, koristeći se podacima za razdoblje od pedeset pet godina (1964. – 2018.). Analizirana su sljedeća tri indeksa PTM-a i PTZ-a: (1) apsolutni minimum, (2) srednja vrijednost, (3) apsolutni maksimum. Rezultati su istaknuli statistički značajan trend porasta za sva tri godišnja indeksa PTM-a. U slučaju PTZ-a trend niza apsolutnih minimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti nije statistički značajan. Za nizove srednjih i

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ZHANG, Li-san, Jie-fang CHEN, Guan-feng CHEN, Xing-yue HU, and Mei-ping DING. "Effects of thioperamide on seizure development and memory impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy in rats." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 1 (2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122171.

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Background Histamine H3 receptor antagonists have been considered as potential drugs to treat central nervous system diseases. However, whether these drugs can inhibit epileptogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thioperamide, a selective and potent histamine H3 receptor antagonist, on the seizure development and memory impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling epilepsy in rats. Methods Chemical kindling was elicited by repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of a subconvulsant dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every 48 hours for 12 times, and seizur

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Olmack, Kelsey, and Curtis D. Collins. "80. Pharmacoeconomic Analysis Comparing the Empiric Utilization of Cefepime Versus Piperacillin/tazobactam." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.125.

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Abstract Background In the hospital setting, cefepime (CFP) and piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) are among the most commonly utilized antipseudomonal agents in the empiric treatment of nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections. Institutional preference of CFP or PTZ as the preferred antipseudomonal antibiotic varies. Recent literature suggests each may be associated with increased rates of harmful adverse effects including Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The objective of this study is to perform a pharmacoeconomic analysis comparing CFP versus PTZ for

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Silva, Melissa, Catalina Vivancos, and Hugues Duffau. "The Concept of «Peritumoral Zone» in Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: Oncological and Functional Implications for a Connectome-Guided Therapeutic Attitude." Brain Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040504.

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Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are heterogeneous and poorly circumscribed neoplasms with isolated tumor cells that extend beyond the margins of the lesion depicted on MRI. Efforts to demarcate the glioma core from the surrounding healthy brain led us to define an intermediate region, the so-called peritumoral zone (PTZ). Although most studies about PTZ have been conducted on high-grade gliomas, the purpose here is to review the cellular, metabolic, and radiological characteristics of PTZ in the specific context of DLGG. A better delineation of PTZ, in which glioma cells and neural tissue st

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Abdel-Salam, Omar M. E., Amany A. Sleem, Marawan Abd El-Baset Mohamed Sayed, Eman R. Youness, and Nermeen Shaffie. "Neuroprotective Effects of Low Dose Anandamide in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling in Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1610.

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Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor CB1 ligand that exhibits neuroprotective effects in the brain. In this study, the effect of exogenously given anandamide on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling oxidative stress and brain damage in rats was studied. Rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 35 mg/kg PTZ once every 48 hours for 12 times to induce seizures. Anandamide was i.p. given. 30 min prior to PTZ injection at 100 or 200 mg/kg. Injections of PTZ induced significant increase in brain lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde: MDA),

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Buba, H. S., A. M. Bello, W. Makena, et al. "Neuroprotective Effects of Curcuma Longa on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Neurotoxicity on the Cerebrum and Hippocampus of Albino Wistar Rats." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 8, no. 2 (2025): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-cfmvgorv.

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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, and current anti-epileptic drugs often have side effects. Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, including the treatment of neurological disorders. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of Curcuma longa in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in albino rats. Group one received normal feed (control). Group two received PTZ to induce epilepsy intraperitoneally. Group three received PTZ with feed. Group four received a low dose of Curcuma longa

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Derisfard, Fateme, Zahra Jafarinezhad, Negar Azarpira, Mohammad Reza Namavar, and Hadi Aligholi. "Exosomes obtained from human adipose-derived stem cells alleviate epileptogenesis in the pentylenetetrazol model of epilepsy." NeuroReport 36, no. 3 (2025): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000002133.

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As exosome therapy is a promising treatment in neurological disorders including epilepsy, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of exosomes obtained from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model of epilepsy in mice. Thirty adult mice were divided into PTZ, diazepam + PTZ, and exosome (5, 10, and 15 µg) + PTZ groups. The exosomes were administered intranasally 30 min before PTZ injection. The seizure latency, tonic-clonic onset, seizure duration, and mortality protection rate were monitored. Also, the level of hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA), the oxi

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Moezi, Leila, Nahid Ashjazadeh, Shirin Rezapanah, et al. "Anticonvulsant effect of acute curcumin nanoparticle on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: non-involvement of JNK restoration." Physiology and Pharmacology 25, no. 1 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ppj.25.1.80.

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Introduction: Although several animal studies have indicated the antiepileptic effect for curcumin, there are reports stating the null antiepileptic effect of this substance. This inconsistency might be due to the low bioavailability of curcumin. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the effect of oral bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanocurcumin on seizure caused by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice. Furthermore, due to the suggested involvement of JNK signaling in seizure pathology, the hippocampal pattern of JNK phosphorylation (activation) was evaluated. Methods: BSA based nanocurcum

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Seetharaman, Sairaman, Youngwoo Jang, Chandra B. KC, Paul A. Karr, and Francis D’Souza. "Peripheral phenothiazine induced suppression of charge separation from the singlet excited zinc phthalocyanine to coordinated C60 in supramolecular donor–acceptor conjugates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 21, no. 12 (2017): 870–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424617500924.

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Self-assembled donor–acceptor conjugates featuring zinc phthalocyanine carrying four entities of peripheral phenothiazine entities, (PTZ)[Formula: see text]ZnPc, axially coordinated to either phenyl imidazole or pyridine functionalized fulleropyrrolidine (C[Formula: see text]Im or C[Formula: see text]Py) has been newly designed, synthesized and characterized. Due to the direct connectivity of the phenothiazine entities to the ZnPc [Formula: see text]-system, efficient charge transfer type interactions suppressing fluorescence of ZnPc in (PTZ)[Formula: see text]ZnPc was observed. Axial coordina

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Ghiasi, Yasaman, Saba Rostamian, Ehsan Aali, and Yazdan Naderi. "Anticonvulsive and Antioxidant Effects of Pioglitazone on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures in Rats." Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 24, no. 4 (2020): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jqums.24.4.6.

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Background: Epilepsy is a neurologic dysfunction caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Oxidative stress is involved in the seizure-induced brain damage. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of pioglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist used for treatment of type 2 diabetes) on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 rats weighing 20-30 g were divided into four groups of control, pioglitazone, PTZ, and treatment. For treatment, PTZ (85 mg/kg) or normal sal

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Jabar, Abdul, Asadullah Madni, Sajid Bashir, et al. "Statistically optimized pentazocine loaded microsphere for the sustained delivery application: Formulation and characterization." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250876.

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Pentazocine (PTZ) is a narcotic analgesic used to manage moderate to severe, acute and chronic pains. In this study, PTZ loaded Ethyl cellulose microsphere has been formulated for sustained release and improved bioavailability of PTZ. These microspheres were fabricated by oil in water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. A three factorial, three levels Box-Behnken design was applied to investigate the influence of different formulation components and process variables on the formulation response using the numeric approach through the design expert® software. All the formulations were charac

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Seo, Sowoon, Yunjeong Song, Sun Mi Gu, et al. "D-limonene Inhibits Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure via Adenosine A2A Receptor Modulation on GABAergic Neuronal Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239277.

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Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the recurrence of seizures. One-third of patients with epilepsy may not respond to antiseizure drugs. Purpose: We aimed to examine whether D-limonene, a cyclic monoterpene, exhibited any antiseizure activity in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling mouse model and in vitro. Methods: PTZ kindling mouse model was established by administering PTZ (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to mice once every 48 h. We performed immunoblot blots, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis a

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Basiouny Fouad El-sendiony, Mohamed F.F Bayomy, and Ehab Tousson. "Ameliorating role of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba extract on pentylenetetrazole induced bone marrow injury in epileptic seizures disease in rat." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 2 (2020): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0092.

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Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling is a model for epilepsy and refers to a phenomenon in which repeated injection of PTZ causes gradual seizure. It was used to identify clinically useful anticonvulsant drugs. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (GLE) on bone marrow against PTZ induced epileptic seizures disease in rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GLE and L-carnitine groups, respectively; while the 4th group was p

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Yang, Yaling, Xiaomeng Li, Qiyue Tang, et al. "Aquatic Ecological Risk Evaluation of Chiral Triazole Fungicide Prothioconazole and Its Metabolite Prothioconazole-Desthio on Lemna minor." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 16292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316292.

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The potential risk posed by the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole and its metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio to aquatic ecosystems has attracted attention. At present, the aquatic toxicity of prothioconazole is focused on aquatic animals, and the study of aquatic plants is limited. In this work, the acute toxicity of prothioconazole (PTZ) and its metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio (PTD), to the aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor) was evaluated at the enantiomer level. The effects of the prothioconazole and its metabolite enantiomer on the physiological and biochemical indices, inclu

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Basiouny, Fouad El-sendiony, F.F Bayomy Mohamed, and Tousson Ehab. "Ameliorating role of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba extract on pentylenetetrazole induced bone marrow injury in epileptic seizures disease in rat." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 2 (2020): 001–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319544.

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Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling is a model for epilepsy and refers to a phenomenon in which repeated injection of PTZ causes gradual seizure. It was used to identify clinically useful anticonvulsant drugs. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of L-carnitine and <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> leaf extracts (GLE) on bone marrow against PTZ induced epileptic seizures disease in rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GLE and L-carnitine groups, respectively; while

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van Dam, Brenda. "PTZ-team Allerzorg Groningen." Pallium 23, no. 3 (2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12479-021-0873-6.

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Srinandan, Vulli, Krishnaveni Nagappan, Sonam Patel, Karthik Yamjala, Gowramma Byran, and Basavan Babu. "Simultaneous Quantification of Pantoprazole and Levosulpiride in Spiked Human Plasma Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 15, no. 1 (2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180101142646.

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Background: Pantoprazole (PTZ) and Levosulpiride (LS) were proven as effective agents for the treatment of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). It is a complex motor disorder that results in regurgitation of the gastric contents into the lower esophagus with consequent symptoms such as heart burn, retrosternal pain, dysphagia and belching. Methods: A rapid, sensitive, selective and specific liquid chromatography- electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of Pantoprazole (PTZ) and Levosulpiride (LS) in spiked Human

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Abdel-Salam, Omar M. E., Marawan Abd El Baset Mohamed Sayed, Enayat A. Omara, and Amany A. Sleem. "The Protection by Vitamin E Against Tramadol-Induced Proconvulsant Effects and Brain Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats." Journal of Neurology and Epidemiology 8 (April 26, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2309-6179.2023.08.01.

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We investigated the effect of the opioid analgesic tramadol on the development of epileptic seizures and neuronal injury and the possible modulatory effect of vitamin E (Vit E) in rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus. Rats received repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of PTZ till the development of status epilepticus and were pretreated once with tramadol (30, 60 or 90 mg/kg), vitamin E (Vit E, 70 mg/kg) or both tramadol (90 mg/kg) and Vit E (70 mg/kg) prior to starting PTZ injections. Seizure scores, the latency time and the PTZ dose for each group required to r

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Gungor, Huseyin, and Nergiz Hacer Turgut. "Enoxaparin pretreatment alleviates pentylenetetrazol–induced epileptic seizures in Wistar rats." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias XXXIV, no. 2 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34399.

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Epilepsy, is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. A low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin has multifaceted properties. In addition to its anticoagulant activity, enoxaparin has demonstrated anti–inflammatory, antioxidant and anti–apoptotic effects. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of enoxaparin against seizures, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, brain–derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) concentrations and cognitive impairment in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling in Wistar rats. Twenty–fo

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