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1
White, Yvette C. "Mothers' Parenting Discipline Style and Their Early Puberty Daughters' Engagement in High-Risk Behaviors." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7846.
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Some early puberty girls engage in high-risk externalizing behaviors such as early sexual activity, delinquent behavior, and disruptive behaviors. Harsh parenting experienced by girls who develop early has been associated with delinquent and disruptive behaviors. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine predictive relationships between the style of parental discipline by mothers of early puberty girls and the likelihood and frequency of the girls' engagement in high-risk behaviors. Parenting style theory, including the authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive style of parenting, served as the theoretical foundation for the study. Survey data were collected from 28 mothers who identified as having a daughter who experienced early puberty. The Parenting Scale subscales were used to measure the dysfunctional parenting behaviors of laxness, overreactivity, and verbosity. Logistic regression analysis revealed no statistically significant relationships between the early puberty girl's involvement in risky behaviors and dysfunctional parenting. Results may be used by human service and public health officials to increase awareness of early puberty and to promote public health policies to address the individual, social, and economic implications of early puberty in girls.
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Czech, Suzanne Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Explanations for antisocial behaviour in adolescents : the role of pubertal development on cognitive processes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40941.
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Research suggests that the temporary rise in adolescent antisocial behaviour (ASS) is attributable to a very large number of young people each engaging in a relatively small number of ASS's while progressing through adolescence. One possible explanation for the temporary increase in ASS during adolescence is that during puberty, the cognitive processes responsible for monitoring and controlling behaviour are disrupted. In support of this, recent research has found that adolescents' participation in ASS is positively correlated with the stage of pubertal development rather than age. Additionally, there is evidence that a temporary 'dip' in executive functioning (planning, organizing, decision-making) occurs at an age range (Le. 11-14 years) typically associated with the onset of puberty. This thesis reports a first test of a model which proposes a causal relationship between puberty, decreased executive function and increased antisocial behaviour. Self-report data on pubertal development, antisocial attitudes and ASS participation were collected from 323 boys and girls (ages 9 -17 years) attending New South Wales public schools. Executive function, (Le. updating, response inhibition, set-shifting) was measured in a 3D-minute individual interview. Data were analysed to determine if participants reported greater participation in ASS during puberty onset and whether this period was also characterized by a decline in executive function. In addition, it was investigated whether adolescents who attain puberty earlier than their peers participate in ASS earlier, longer, and at higher rates than their 'on-time' or 'late-maturing' peers, and whether there was an association between 'early' puberty and a persistent reduction in executive function. Results revealed that ASS participation was significantly associated with puberty onset timing, and some significant associations were found between antisocial attitudes and pubertal timing. There was some indication of decreased executive function at puberty onset and a link between early pubertal timing and a persistent reduction in executive function. Thus, there is some partial evidence to support the proposed model of adolescent ASS. However, complications in performing mediation analysis prevent concluding that executive function mediates the relationship between pubertal development and ASB. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to future research in this field.
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Lawson, Jamie F. "The effects of pubertal timing and dominance on the mating strategy, appearance and behaviour of men." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/706.
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Chasles, Manon. "Induction d'une maturation sexuelle précoce chez la chevrette par une exposition prépubertaire au mâle." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4044/document.
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Chez les rongeurs, les facteurs sociaux sont connus pour pouvoir moduler la transition pubertaire. Ainsi une jeune souris femelle mise en contact avec un mâle adulte présentera une ouverture vaginale plus précoce qu’une femelle isolée du mâle. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de caractériser les conséquences d’une exposition précoce au mâle dans l’espèce caprine. Les caprins sont une espèce dont la reproduction est saisonnée et permettant, de par sa taille, une étude plus fine des sécrétions endocrines que les rongeurs. Nos résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence que la présence de boucs sexuellement actifs induit une puberté précoce chez les chevrettes, l’ovulation pouvant être induite dès l’âge de 3 mois et demi. Les femelles présentent suite à cette première ovulation une cyclicité régulière ainsi qu’une maturation précoce du tractus génital. Le niveau d’activité sexuelle du bouc est un facteur crucial à l’induction d’une puberté précoce chez la chèvre puisque la présence de mâles castrés n’a aucun effet et que les femelles sont toutes pubères dans le mois suivant l’entrée en saison sexuelle des mâles. Ce travail démontre, dans l’espèce caprine, un rôle crucial de l’environnement social dans la régulation de la maturation sexuelle. Plus particulièrement, cela met en évidence que la présence de boucs peut réactiver efficacement et de manière très précoce l’axe gonadotrope de jeunes chèvres immatures<br>In rodents, social factors are known to modulate the pubertal transition. Hence, young female mice exposed to adult male exhibit an earlier vaginal opening than young females isolated from male. The aim of my thesis was to characterize the consequences of a precocious exposure to male in another specie, goats. Goats are seasonal breeders and due to their size the fine study of endocrine secretions is easier than in rodents. Our results highlighted that an early exposure to sexually active bucks induces a precocious puberty in young female goats. The first ovulation can be induced as early as 3.5 months old, following this induced first ovulation, goats remain cycling regularly. Females precociously exposed to bucks also exhibit an acceleration of the genital tract maturation. The level of sexual activity of the male is a crucial criteria to induce a precocious puberty in goats as exposure to castrated bucks had no effect on the age at puberty. Moreover, all females exposed to intact bucks ovulated for the first time within a month after buck started to exhibit sexual behaviors. This work revealed, in goats, a crucial role of the social environment on the regulation of sexual maturation. More precisely, it highlights that exposure to bucks is highly efficient to reactivate precociously the gonadotrope axis of youg immature goats
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Drevinskienė, Aušra. "Ankstyvosios lytinės brandos ir draugų elgesio sąsajos su sveikatai žalingu paauglių elgesiu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101221_103122-34475.
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Nuo to, kaip elgiasi individas priklauso, kokia bus jo sveikata. Sveikatai žalingas elgesys turi daug formų: alkoholio, tabako, kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas, neatsakingas ar per ankstyvas lytinis aktyvumas. Tyrėjai yra pastebėję, jog lytinės brandos pradžia ir alkoholio vartojimas padidėjęs depresiškumas, ankstyvas seksualinis gyvenimas turi glaudžių sąsajų. Darbo tikslas – ištirti ankstyvosios lytinės brandos ir draugų elgesio sąsajas su sveikatai žalingu elgesiu paauglystėje. Palyginti ankstyvosios lytinės brandos paauglių, turinčių draugų, kuriems būdingas sveikatai žalingas elgesys, elgesį, su tokių draugų turinčių, kito lytinės brandos statuso paauglių elgesiu. Tyrime naudotas Jessor R. modifikuotas probleminio elgesio klausimynas, bei lytinio brendimo skalė. Tyrime dalyvavo 198 (84 berniukai ir 114 mergaitės) 14 – 19 metų tiriamieji amžius. Iš jų 50 buvo priskirti ankstyvosios lytinės bandos grupei. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog sveikatai žalingas elgesys yra labiau būdingas berniukams negu mergaitėms, taip pat, kad ankstyvoji lytinė branda turi mažai sąsajų su sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimu ir tai, jog yra daugiau sąsajų tarp draugų elgesio ir sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimo, negu tarp sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimo ir ankstyvosios lytinės brandos.<br>Pubertal processes have a major effect on physical, psychological, and social development. Early pubertal timing is associated with early initiation of alcohol, sexual behaviour, drug use and deviance in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pubertal statuses, peer behaviour and health behaviour in adolescence. Children reported their pubertal development status and timing using a self-report Pubertal Development Scale and Jessor R. questionnaire of Problem Behaviour. There were 198 (84 boys and 98 girls) investigate in the study. The findings demonstrated that boys were more likely than girls to use alcohol, drugs and have early sexual intercourse. There were no associations between puberty, peer behaviour and health behaviour, but there are association between peer behaviour and health behaviour.
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Flannery, Daniel Joseph. "The impact of puberty on parent-adolescent relations: an observational study of the relationship between affect and engagement in interactions, parent-adolescent conflict, and adolescent problem behavior /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687115925577.
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Murdey, Ian. "Pubertal development and sedentary behaviour during adolescence." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13542.
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The objective of the current study was to investigate the relationships between changing pubertal status, body composition, body image, and time spent in sedentary behaviours during adolescence. A mixed-longitudinal design was used involving 119 students from school Years 6 (10.0 - 10.9 years of age), 8 (12.0 - 12.9 years) and 10 (14.0 - 14.9 years). Participants were assessed in three phases carried out at six-month intervals. Cross-sectional results from Phase 1 showed that time spent in sedentary behaviours was significantly greater in participants who had started puberty compared with those who were pre-pubertal, and in those who were late-/post-pubertal compared with those who were pre-/early-pubertal. Also, students in Year 10 spent significantly greater time in sedentary behaviours compared with those in Years 6 and 8. These differences disappeared after controlling for the amount of time spent sleeping except for the Year 10 boys. It was concluded that differences in sedentary behaviour during adolescence were not associated with differences in behavioural choice related to greater maturity per se but to a greater opportunity for such behaviours with more waking hours. Longitudinal analysis examined changes between Phases 1 and 3. Analysis of covariance showed that, for boys only, weekday sedentary behaviour increased by a significantly greater amount for participants who increased puberty compared with those who stayed at the same pubertal level. No differences were found between pubertal groups for either gender during the weekend. No significant correlations were found between changing body composition and changing body image for boys or girls or between the change in pubertal status and change in body composition or body image. Multiple regression analysis showed that a significant amount of the variance of the increase in weekday sedentary behaviour could be explained by increased pubertal status for boys and reduced physical attractiveness for girls. When considering increasing weekend sedentary behaviour an increase in percentage body fat explained a significant amount of the variance for girls. It was concluded that only a part of the a priori hypothesis, that changes in sedentary behaviour are associated with pubertal changes, was supported by this data and that any changes found were not associated with behavioural choices triggered by body compositional changes.
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Christopherson, Cynthia R. "Pubertal Development, Parent-Teen Communication, and Sexual Values as Predictors of Adolescent Sexual Intentions and Sexually Related Behaviors." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2393.
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Adolescent sexual intercourse can be viewed as a normal developmental experience, but intercourse also is linked to unplanned pregnancies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Consequently, there continues to be a high level of scientific interest in understanding antecedents of adolescent sexual behavior, especially early and more risky sexual intercourse. This study examined several key antecedents of adolescent sexual intentions and behavior, including pubertal development (pubertal status, change over time, and pubertal timing). parent/teen communication, and teen sexual values. Analyses were based on longitudinal data collected in 1991, 1992, and 1993 from parents and teens during the FACTS & feelings project conducted within three areas in northern Utah.
Regression and path analyses were used to test the direct and indirect effects among the variables. Parent/teen communication quality had a significant positive effect on teen sexual abstinent values for both males and females. Sexual abstinent values had a strong negative effect on sexual intentions for both males and females. Sexual values were more strongly related to sexual behavior for females than for males. Sexual intentions had a significant effect on sexual behaviors for both males and females, although this effect was stronger for males than for females. Pubertal timing had a significant effect on behaviors for males and a smaller although significant effect for females Age also had a significant positive effect for both male and female adolescents. Overall, within these analyses, females were more influenced by values which directly and indirectly affect sexual behaviors. Males were more influenced by the FACTS & feelings treatment, pubertal timing, and sexual intentions.
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Smith, Lori K., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The pubertal transition in the play fighting of male rats : developmental byproduct or ontogenetic adaptation?" Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 1996, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/42.
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Playing is a common behavior among juveniles of many mammalian species, including rats (Rattus norvegicus). The mechanisms underlying the change that occurs in the play fighting of male rats at puberty were the focus of this thesis. It was found that castration at weaning disrupted the formation of male-typical dominance relationships, but did not alter the pubertal changes in play fighting, whereas neonatal castration prevented the shift from juvenile- to adult-typical behaviour at puberty. This transistion is male specific and cannot be induced in females by exposing htme to more extreme social contexts,
involving interactions with unfamiliar males. The change in play by males at puberty is not, then, a byproduct of other sex differences, but results from a highly specific mechanism in early infancy. The significance of this sex difference is explored with respect to the functions of play fighting in rats and other species.<br>xii, 137 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Rowell, Steven R. "Associations between pubertal development and behaviors observed in mother-daughter interactions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011100.
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Sadowski, Angela. "The effects of pubertal timing on deviant behaviors in adolescent females." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2026.
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The purpose of this research project was to examine the relationship between age at menarche and the development of behavior problems. The research was designed to determine if there is any significance to the hypothesis that early maturing girls engage in more problematic behaviors than their on-time or later maturing peer.
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Merz, Sabine Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Face emotion recognition in children and adolescents; effects of puberty and callous unemotional traits in a community sample." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41247.
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Previous research suggests that as well as behavioural difficulties, a small subset of aggressive and antisocial children show callous unemotional (CU) personality traits (i.e., lack of remorse and absence of empathy) that set them apart from their low-CU peers. These children have been identified as being most at risk to follow a path of severe and persistent antisocial behaviour, showing distinct behavioural patterns, and have been found to respond less to traditional treatment programs. One particular focus of this thesis is that emerging findings have shown emotion recognition deficits within both groups. Whereas children who only show behavioural difficulties (in the absence of CU traits) have been found to misclassify vague and neutral expressions as anger, the presence of CU traits has been associated with an inability to correctly identify fear and to a lesser extend, sadness. Furthermore, emotion recognition competence varies with age and development. In general, emotion recognition improves with age, but interestingly there is some evidence that it may become less efficient during puberty. No research could be located, however, that assessed emotion recognition through childhood and adolescence for children high and low on CU traits and antisocial behaviour. The primary focus of this study was to investigate the impact of these personality traits and pubertal development on emotion recognition competence in isolation and in combination. A specific aim was to assess if puberty would exacerbate these deficits in children with pre-existing deficits in emotion recognition. The effect of gender, emotion type and measure characteristics, in particular the age of the target face, was also examined. A community sample of 703 children and adolescents aged 7-17 were administered the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess adjustment, the Antisocial Process Screening Device to assess antisocial traits, and the Pubertal Development Scale was administered to evaluate pubertal stage. Empathy was assessed using the Bryant Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents. Parents or caregivers completed parent version of these measures for their children. Emotion recognition ability was measured using the newly developed UNSW FACES task (Dadds, Hawes & Merz, 2004). Description of the development and validation of this measure are included. Contrary to expectations, emotion recognition accuracy was not negatively affected by puberty. In addition, no overall differences in emotion recognition ability were found due to participants gender or target face age group characteristics. The hypothesis that participants would be better at recognising emotions expressed by their own age group was therefore not supported. In line with expectations, significant negative associations between CU traits and fear recognition were found. However, these were small, and contrary to expectations, were found for girls rather than boys. Also, puberty did not exacerbate emotion recognition deficits in high CU children. However, the relationship between CU traits and emotion recognition was affected differently by pubertal status. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to future research into emotion recognition deficits within this population. In addition, theoretical and practical implications of these findings for the development of antisocial behaviour and the treatment of children showing CU traits are explored.
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Matson, Kimberly Monica. "The effect of weekly handling on the temperament of peri-puberal crossbred beef heifers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33186.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of handling peri-puberal heifers for 2 h each week on in-chute behavior, isolation behavior, and the time required for each heifer to leave the testing area; and to determine if the location of the facial hair whorl was associated with any of the behavior scores or social dominance order. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 146) were assigned to be walked through, sorted and moved through a chute for 2 hr each wk for 20 wk (HANDLED) or allowed to remain on pasture unless handling was required to treat an injury or disease (CONTROL). In-chute behavior, isolation behavior and exit times were observed and scored at the beginning (0 wk), middle (10 wk) and end of the experiment (20 wk). The facial hair whorl on each heifer was classified as being high (above the eyes), middle (between the eyes), or low (below the eyes). At the end of the experiment pairs of heifers in the HANDLED group competed for a feed source and a social dominance order was estimated. Weekly handling decreased in-chute behavior scores of heifers with facial hair whorl positions classified as medium or low, but not in heifers that exhibited a hair whorl high on their face. Cattle in the HANDLED treatment group which had an initial isolation score of 2 or 3 had the greatest improvement in temperament over the entire experiment when compared to CONTROL animals with the same initial isolation score. The calmest heifers were not negatively affected by the handling, while the most agitated animals in the HANDLED had a similar overall change in isolation score as those animals in the
CONTROL group. This indicates that while weekly handling improved the temperament and behavior of heifers with intermediate temperament rating at the outset of the experiment, weekly handling seemed unnecessary for the calmest heifers and did not have a beneficial effect on the heifers rated as the most nervous and agitated at the beginning of the experiment. Social dominance rankings were positively correlated (P < 0.10) with final in-chute behavior scores, but not with the other behavior scores or heifer body weight. Cattle with the hair whorls in the middle of the forehead had higher mean social dominant rank than those with hair whorls higher or lower on the face (P < 0.03). Overall, the results of this experiment indicate that behavior testing can reveal differences in the temperament of heifers and that, other than the most nervous and agitated heifers; repeated handling could serve to improve the temperament of the animals.<br>Master of Science
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Clarkson, Emma Louise. "Psychology, behaviour, and the family environment in children with diagnoses of precocious pubertal development." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5031/.
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The aim of the thesis was to identify whether children with a diagnosis of Premature Adrenarche (PA) or Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) presented with an atypical psychological profile in comparison to typically-developing children. A battery of psychometrics was constructed to study several domains, including eating behaviour, self-perception and intellectual ability. Measures of family environment and parental stress were also included. In addition, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on five interviews with parents to gain a greater insight into the experience of parenting a child with a diagnosis of early puberty. It was found that several differences between groups, such as weight gain, internalising behaviours and sleep problems, could be attributed to hormonal or behavioural changes typically associated with pubertal development across all groups. Other observations were specific to the pubertal disorders, such as risk of obesity, problem eating behaviours, anxiety and depression, and aggression. Furthermore, being from a family with a single-parent or non-parent care-giver, and increased family stress were related to earlier pubertal development. In summary, children with a diagnosis of PA or CPP may be more likely to display altered behaviour and psychopathology, but some of these difficulties may also occur in typical pubertal development.
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Ellis, Lesa K. "Individual differences and adolescent psychosocial development /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3061943.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-196). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Carter, Rona. "Effects of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, Pubertal Development, and Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction on Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescent Romantic Couples." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/103.
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This study examined links between adolescent depressive symptoms, actual pubertal development, perceived pubertal timing relative to one’s peers, adolescent-maternal relationship satisfaction, and couple sexual behavior. Assessments of these variables were made on each couple member separately and then these variables were used to predict the sexual activity of the couple. Participants were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; Bearman et al., 1997; Udry, 1997) data set (N = 20,088; aged 12-18 years). Dimensions of adolescent romantic experiences using the total sample were described and then a subsample of romantically paired adolescents (n = 1,252) were used to test a risk and protective model for predicting couple sexual behavior using the factors noted above. Relevant measures from the Wave 1 Add Health measures were used. Most of the items used in Add Health to assess romantic relationship experiences, adolescent depressive symptoms, pubertal development (actual and perceived), adolescent-maternal relationship satisfaction, and couple sexual behavior were drawn from other national surveys or from scales with well documented psychometric properties. Results demonstrated that romantic relationships are part of most adolescents’ lives and that adolescents’ experiences with these relationships differ markedly by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Further, each respective couple member’s pubertal development, perceived pubertal timing, and maternal relationship satisfaction were useful in predicting sexual risk-promoting and risk-reducing behaviors in adolescent romantic couples. Findings in this dissertation represent an initial step toward evaluating explanatory models of adolescent couple sexual behavior.
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Hunt, Cathleen B. "Genetic polymorphisms associated with the developmental timing of pubertal maturation and subsequent onset of sexual behavior in female adolescents." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280188.
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Previous genetic research has identified many human genes with allelic variation that are associated with differences in hormone synthesis. Still other non-genetic biological research has shown that increased levels of hormones are predictive of onset of puberty and that pubertal maturation is one of the strongest predictors of sexual activity onset. Studies informed by evolutionary theory have also shown that family context, such as the presence or absence of the biological father in early childhood, can predict pubertal maturation and, indirectly, subsequent sexual activity. This study was unique in that no research to date had attempted to use genetic markers as direct predictors of pubertal maturation and subsequent onset of sexual behavior in adolescents. Two genes of particular interest included the androgen receptor (AR) gene and the cytochrome P450c17-alpha gene (CYP17). Saliva samples (for genetic marker identification), pubertal status, and sexual behavior measures were gathered bi-annually from 248 post-menarcheal females over 2--3 years. Hierarchical linear modeling and growth curve analyses revealed that the A1/A1 allele of the CYP17 gene was predictive of the presence of a biological father, which predicted age at menarche. Later ages at menarche predicted lower onset level of sexual development and earlier ages at menarche predicted higher onset levels of sexual development; however, lower onset levels of sexual development predicted faster rates of sexual development. These findings show that genetic markers can be used to help identify variation in timing of pubertal development. Also, these results provide additional insight into understanding the differences in rates of sexual development among girls and suggest that there are mediating factors that may be buffering girls with higher onset levels of sexual development from progressing through sexual stages faster.
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Field, Evelyn F., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Sex differences in movement organization : a kinematic analysis of evasive dodging movements used during food protection in the rat : influence of partner's sex, neonatal and pubertal exposure to androgens." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 1996, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/43.
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The role of sex in the organization of movement is not commonly addressed in the literature. The objective of this thesis was to determine whether differences exist between males and females in the way they organize their movements during dodging to protect a food item. Detailed kinematic analysis of these movements in adult rats shows that females move their snout through a greater spatial curvature, relative to the pelvis, than males. The sex of the robbing animal did not alter the sex-typical movement paterns exhibited. Manipulation of neonatal androgens altered the sex-typical dodge patterns of both males and females. Removal of androgens at weaning however, did not affect the male-typical pattern. The existence of sex differences in the organization of movement provides a new level of analysis for the study of sexual dimorphism in behavior.<br>x, 228 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Lee, James Tony. "Ecology and behaviour of postlarvae and juveniles of the velvet swimming crab Necora puber (L.)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2428.
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Ecological studies of early benthic stages of brachyurans are rare for most of the species, leaving a gap in the understanding of processes regulating the recruitment to adult populations. The velvet swimming crab Necora puber (L. ) is a valuable commercial species where most of studies have been focused on the adult population. Little is known about the supply-side ecology and the post-settlement processes that affect the dynamics of the adult populations. The aims of the present study were to investigate the physical processes affecting the supply of recruits to the nearshore, to examine the processes associated with habitat selection during settlement, and to describe the biology and ecology of the juveniles of N. puber. The study was carried out in the shallow waters and on the rocky shores of Plymouth Sound, on the southwest coast of the UK. Distribution of the pelagic postlarvae was patchy, and the abundance varied spatially in tens and thousands of metres. In temporal scales, the annual pattern was dominated by low occurrence of megalopae, punctuated by episodic peaks of high abundance. In the water column, most of the megalopae were collected at the surface and their abundance appears to be regulated by the tidal cycle, as megalopae were more abundant during flood than ebb tides. This behaviour could produce a net shoreward transport of megalopae. Laboratory experiments indicated that flow conditions set initial patterns of distribution of settlers on substrata of different tri-dimensional structure. However, active habitat selection occurred and the settlers were actively modifying the distribution patterns set by the hydrodynamics. Ontogenetic shift in habitat use occurred early in the juvenile phase and first juvenile instars were less habitat specific than megalopae. During the benthic phase, juvenile growth was markedly seasonal, and virtually no growth occurred in winter. Results from the present study indicated that juvenile growth rate is slower than previously described for N. puber. Magnitudes of juvenile recruitment were variable between years, but level off at the end of the 1+ year class on most of the shores studied. This suggests that mortality is high for early juveniles and appears to be density dependent on some shores. High density-dependent mortality can obscure the connectivity between larval and adult populations, so for the population of N. puber studied, better correlations may be obtained from juvenile-to-adult relationships.
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Carter, Rona. "Effects of pubertal status and timing on externalizing behavior problems and anxious/depressed symptoms in a sample of adolescent girls of color." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2021.
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Empirical research has shown that pubertal development is closely linked with adolescent externalizing (e.g., aggressive) and internalizing (e.g., anxiety) problems. In most studies, pubertal timing, pubertal status, or both, are used to examine this link. The present study adds to the existing literature by examining the link between puberty and adolescent behavior problems in a sample of predominantly urban African American adolescent girls. One hundred and seventeen adolescent girls of color, aged 11-18 (M = 14.72 SD = 1.44), and their primary caregiver participated in this study. Sixty-eight percent were African American, 22.2 % were Hispanic/Latina, and 9.4% were Haitian. Among the Hispanic/Latina girls, 9.4% were Black Hispanic/Latina. Results showed that pubertal status and perceived pubertal timing (breasts) are better predictors of externalizing behavior problems than chronological age and quality of relationship with peers. No significant findings were found with anxious/depressed symptoms.
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Silva, Juciara da Costa. "Investigação do comportamento social pós-puberal em machos e fêmeas advindo do hipotireoidismo materno: possível correlação para o neurodesenvolvimento do espectro autista?" Universidade Nove de Julho, 2015. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1299.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-05<br>Maternal thyroid dysfunction and its most common condition, gestational hypothyroidism, may facilitate fetal neurodevelopmental disarrangements. Disorders in neurodevelopment arising from subclinical and often not-detectable maternal thyroid dysfunction share similarities with some of the cognitive and behavior alterations manifested in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, fetal deficits in cortical migration, neuronal fate and maturation impair fine aspects of cognitive function and social behavior in these social and clinical conditions. To date however, there are very few studies, which address in detail the predominant deficits in communication and sociability in late-adolescence and young adult individuals regarding their sex differences related to subclinical maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Using an animal model of mild maternal hypothyroidism, we investigated social behaviors of the offspring after puberty in both male and female mice and looked for changes in their anxiety and aggression levels and vocalization as well as their sex dependence. Our study showed an increase in induced anxiety paralleled by relatively reduced vocalization in male offspring subjected to mild hypothyroidism in pregnant female mice. These experimental findings not only open a neurodevelopmental window to investigate the molecular aspects of these behavioral abnormalities but also and may foster educational, psychological and medical advances in late-stage child neurodevelopment among the ASD individuals<br>A disfunção tireoidiana materna com destaque no hipotireoidismo causa representativos danos neurológicos para o feto que em muitos aspectos cognitivos se assemelham às alterações neurobiológicas das doenças do espectro autista, como exemplo: alterações de migração cortical, comprometimento de especialização neuronal e modificações nas funções cognitivas. Há uma escassez de estudos para melhor esclarecer e caracterizar as alterações de comportamento na prole pós-puberal, cujo impacto no neurodesenvolvimento intra-útero ocorrera facilitando os prejuízos tardios de sociabilidade animal. Utilizando um modelo murino de hipotireoidismo materno (tratamento com metimazol), estudamos as alterações em comportamentos sociais da prole após o período puberal, a fim de entendermos os variados aspectos de prováveis alterações cognitivas e motivacionais em machos versus em fêmeas. Realizamos o estudo com foco em comportamentos vislumbrando agressividade ofensiva e defensiva, vocalização social, e autopreservação (i.e.; medo; ansiedade) bem como, adaptações neurovegetativas (i.e.; regulação térmica). Os dados mostraram um acometimento da prole masculina proveniente de mães tratadas com metimazol 30 dias antes da gestação ocorrer. Esse projeto correlacionou aspectos etológicos com um grande tema da esfera clínica em humanos no que tange doenças do neurodesenvolvimento e desarranjos sociais mais brandos, porém abrangentes e prevalentes e suas repercussões comportamentais na vida pós-puberal e adulta.
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Kambikambi, Chilobe Muloba. "Young males’ perceptions and use of reproductive health services in Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4011.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>The aim of this study was to describe the health seeking behaviours, knowledge about the available services, as well as experiences, and barriers to access and utilization of the reproductive health services among male adolescents in Lusaka. A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted among male adolescents in a peri-urban setting in Lusaka. Four focus group discussions were conducted with 46 adolescents aged between 13 and 24 years of age, and six key informant interviews. Data was audio-tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was done. Health concerns were related to the social, psychological, societal and puberty needs of participants. Concerns, questions and queries about masturbation were common, especially among the younger adolescents. Most problems related to puberty and body changes rather than sexual and reproductive health matters per se. Knowledge about the available sexual and reproductive health services was generally low, with some young men being completely unaware of the existence of youth friendly services at the local clinic. Contrary to popular opinion, adolescents in this community reported that they did not seek help on sexual matters from friends and did not want to discuss their problems with their peers, due to fears of being marginalized. Perceived gender, cultural and social norms, lack of knowledge about the availability of adolescent reproductive health services, and poor attitudes among the health care providers were some of the identified barriers to seeking health care. Adolescents perceived health providers to be judgmental, not helpful and condescending towards young people. Lack of privacy and confidentiality were also reported as barriers to access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services
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Healey, Amanda Christel. "Father Absence and Early Family Composition as a Predictor of Menarcheal Onset: Psychosocial and Familial Factors That are Associated with Pubertal Timing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2172.
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Father absence and the introduction of a stepfather before menarche have been shown to contribute to the early onset of menarche. The present study analyzes the effects of father absence situations that tend to result on the onset of menarche. Presence of a related male in a father-absent homes is also considered as a protective factor for menarcheal onset. Participants consisted of 342 female students enrolled in undergraduate work at a southeastern university. The mean age of participants was 20.7 years. Participants completed a survey consisting of 12 questions pertaining to their family environment before menarche. Participants were asked to give their age at first menarche in years and months. Results indicted a significant difference in menarcheal age between those from homes where both biological parents were present and those where the biological father was absent before menarche. No other significant results were found. Implications for future research discussed.
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Bratberg, Grete Helen. "Pubertal timing - antecedent to risk or resilience? : epidemiological studies on growth, maturation and health risk behaviours : the Young HUNT Study, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway." Doctoral thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/ntnu/abstract.xsql?dbid=1713.
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Parois, Séverine. "Mise en évidence des effets du génotype, de l’agressivité et de l’hygiène sur la teneur en composes odorants du gras dorsal de la viande de porc male entier." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARB290/document.
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Les défauts d’odeurs, liés à l’accumulation d’androsténone et de scatol dans le tissu adipeux, sont le frein majeur à l’élevage des porcs mâles entiers. L’androsténone est produite par les testicules et le scatol dans le colon. En dehors de la génétique et de l’alimentation, les facteurs de variation ont été peu étudiés.La thèse aborde le problème des odeurs sexuelles sous quatre angles : 1) estimer l’héritabilité des composés odorants du tissu gras et leurs corrélations génétiques avec des indicateurs de santé, du développement sexuel et de l’agressivité ; 2) étudier l’effet de la dominance sur ces composés ; 3) déterminer l’impact d’un état inflammatoire chronique modéré sur le développement sexuel et la concentration en androsténone ; 4) rechercher les effets de conditions d’hygiène contrastées sur la teneur en scatol et analyser l’implication du microbiote intestinalNos résultats confirment l’héritabilité forte des teneurs en composés odorants mais les corrélations génétiques avec les paramètres de santé sont faibles. Une sélection pour réduire la concentration plasmatique en œstradiol et testostérone permettrait de réduire à la fois les teneurs en composés odorants et l’agressivité des porcs. Les porcs de rang de dominance élevé ont une teneur en androsténone supérieure dans le gras. Un état inflammatoire chronique modéré ne semble pas affecter la teneur en androsténone. Enfin, la dégradation de l’hygiène du logement augmente fortement la concentration en scatol, probablement via des changements de composition du microbiote intestinal<br>Boar taint, due to the accumulation of androstenone and skatole in the fat tissue, is the major constraint to the production of entire male pigs. Androstenone is produced by the testes. Its synthesis increases during pubertal development. Skatole is produced in the hind gut. Its hepatic catabolism is inhibited by sexual steroids. Apart from genetics and feeding, the factors affecting boar taint have been little studied.The current thesis approaches four aspects of the boar taint problem: 1) the heritability of the fat content of odorous compounds in the fat tissue and their genetic correlations with indicators of health, sexual development and aggressiveness; 2) to study the effect of dominance on the fat content of boar taint compounds; 3) to determine the influence of a moderate chronic inflammatory status on the sexual development and the fat concentration in androstenone; 4) to evaluate the effect of contrasting hygiene conditions on the fat concentration in skatole and, to analyOur results confirm the high heritability of the fat concentrations of boar taint compounds but their genetic correlations with health indicators are low. A selection to decrease the plasma concentrations in estradiol and testosterone should decrease both boar taint compound concentrations and aggressiveness of boars. Boars with a high dominance rank have a higher fat concentration in androstenone. Lastly, the degradation of the housing hygiene conditions strongly increases the concentration in skatole, probably through modifications in gut microbiota composition
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Vincent, Maureen Anne, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "BODY DISSATISFACTION AND BODY CHANGE STRATEGIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040906.135500.
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This thesis examined body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors among adolescent girls and boys from a biopsychosocial framework. The contribution of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors were examined in relation to body dissatisfaction, weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors among early adolescent girls and boys. In particular, pubertal maturation, body mass index (BMI), perception of body shape and size and psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety, ineffectiveness, self-esteem and perfectionism, were examined as possible factors that may precipitate or maintain body dissatisfaction and engagement in body change strategies. The sociocultural factors evaluated were the quality of family and peer relationships, as well as the influence of family and peers in predicting the adoption of specific body change strategies. The specific mechanisms by which these influences were transmitted were also examined. These included perceived discussion, encouragement and modelling of various body change strategies, as well as perceived teasing about body shape and size.
A number of separate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the above relationships and identify the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors in adolescents. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties and principal components structure of the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R; Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, & Smith, 1991) to assess its applicability to adolescent samples. Study 2 investigated the nature of body dissatisfaction and weight loss
behaviors among 603 adolescents (306 girls and 297 boys) using a standardised questionnaire. This preliminary study was conducted to ascertain whether variables previously found to be relevant to adolescent girls, could also be related to the development of body dissatisfaction and weight loss behaviors among adolescent boys.
Studies 3 and 4 described the development and validation of a body modification scale that measured weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Studies 5 and 6 were designed to modify an Excessive Exercise Scale developed by Long, Smith, Midgley, and Cassidy (1993) into a shorter form, and validate this scale with an adolescent sample. Study 7 investigated the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle among adolescent girls and boys both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (over one year). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations among self-reported body dissatisfaction, body change strategies and a range of biological, psychological and sociocultural variables both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Overall, the results suggested that both girls and boys experience body dissatisfaction and engage in a number of different body change strategies in order to achieve an ideal size. A number of gender similarities and differences were identified in the expression of body dissatisfaction and the adoption of body change strategies for both girls and boys. Girls were more likely than boys to report body dissatisfaction and engage in weight loss behaviors, while boys were more likely than girls to engage in weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Generally, the same factors were found to contribute to weight
loss, and more specifically, bulimic symptomatology, ad weight gain in both adolescent girls and boys. While a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors contributed to bulimic symptomatology, only biological and psychological factors were found to contribute to weight gain in adolescents. The most notable gender differences were found in the model of increased muscle tone. Sociocultural and biological factors contributed to increased muscle tone behaviors in girls, while sociocultural and psychological factors were implicated in these behaviors in adolescent boys. With the exception of the model of increased muscle tone for boys, body dissatisfaction was a consistent factor in the adoption of body change behaviors. Consistent with previous investigations, the present thesis provides empirical support for the need to examine the etiology and maintenance of such concerns and behaviors from a multifaceted perspective.
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WOHLSCHLÄGEROVÁ, Lucie. "Sexuální aktivita žáků 2. stupně ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-111867.
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The topic of my thesis is the issue of sexual activity among the pupils in senior grades at elementary schools. The main objective is to focus on the sexual behavior of children at elementary schools. Another goal is to find out about awareness of children in this isme as much. This thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part is mainly focused on the area of sexuality. There is also a chapter devoted to a sex education. It stresses the cooperation between school and family and there is individually discussed sex education and family education. In conclusion of the theoretical part the period of puberty, especially children's development during this period because of two aspects - physical and psychological. Second and also the main practical part is focused on analyzing data collected at two elementary schools. Data were collected in all classes in senior grades at two elementary schools. The questionnaire which I submitted contains several parts on various topics. The questions are focused mainly on sexual behavior of children, the awareness of children in this area, the family sex education and ultimately the school sex education.
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Bastida, Christel Celeste. "Repeated social stress and the maturation of sexual behavior in juvenile male golden hamsters." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4317.
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In certain species, puberty is thought to be a period of susceptibility to
various stressors, resulting in pathological behavioral and physiological changes
subsequent to exposure during this period. However, juvenile male golden
hamsters appear to be fairly resilient to pubertal stress, as compared to adult
hamsters and many other species. In these experiments, repeatedly stressed
juvenile male hamsters were found to be avoidant of aggressive adult male social
stimuli, but did not display anxious behavior outside of a social context. In
addition, several long-term changes in neural activity were associated with social
stress during early puberty. The medial preoptic area and medial preoptic
nucleus, and ventral tegmental area showed decreased neural activity in
subjugated juveniles than in naïve individuals. Since these brain areas are
involved in the expression of motivated behaviors, specifically sexual behavior,
and reward pathways, we next investigated sexual behavior in virgin juveniles.
When placed in a confined space with receptive females, consummatory
behavior in subjugated juveniles was similar to those observed in naive juveniles.
Appetitive aspects of sexual behavior were also tested in a Y-maze to allow
subjects to choose whether to approach a social stimulus. When given a choice
between a sexually receptive and non-receptive female social stimulus, socially
stressed individuals showed anxiety related behaviors and did not show a
preference. However, naïve hamsters preferred the non-receptive female.
Interestingly, this effect was less significant in naïve animals tested during late
puberty and early adulthood, and a preference for sexually receptive females
was not observed. In addition, stressed hamsters tested with harnessed females
at mid-puberty were slower to approach females, indicating altered motivation to
approach adult conspecifics. This research is unique in that it is the first to
suggest the disconnect between the development of consummatory and
appetitive aspects of sexual behavior. Together, these data examine the effects
of stress on the development of pubertal social behaviors.<br>text
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YE, LI-ZI, and 葉力子. "Effects of declawing, perch and separating two sexes during rearing period on daily activity, agonistic behavior, sexual behavior in the puberty period and economic traits of country chickens." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76689710159601202855.
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Gagliardi, Christina F. "Increased Body Weight in Adulthood Following a Peripubertal Stressor and Proposed Mechanism for Effects of Increased Adiposity on Estrogen-dependent Behaviors." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/86.
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Exposure to certain stressors during a sensitive period around puberty can lead to enduring effects on an animal’s response to estradiol. In estradiol-influenced behaviors, such as sexual receptivity, hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, depression-like behavior, and anxiety-like behaviors, exposure to a peripubertal stressor such as shipping stress or an injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can eliminate or even reverse the normal response to estradiol. In addition to regulating these behaviors, estradiol play a role in the regulation of body weight. While some of the previous studies touched on short-term effects on body weight, no systemic long-term study of the effects of a peripubertal stressor on body weight, particularly without interruption by ovariectomy, have been undertaken. This paper introduces a hypothesis that proposes that increased adiposity following exposure to a peripubertal stressor leads to the changes to estrogen-dependent behaviors through altered levels of estrogens and changes to estrogen receptors. The first chapter examines body weight data collected during studies with other aims, and then proposes an experiment to test whether either of two peripubertal stressors results in increased weight gain and body weight. The following chapter proposes further experiments designed to determine the proximate mechanisms leading to weight gain following peripubertal stressors and the role of diet on weight gain. The final chapter proposes experiments to test the effects of adiposity on peripheral levels of testosterone, aromatase, estradiol, and estrone; central levels of estradiol and estrone; and estrogen receptors in the brain.
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Miller, Meghan Kathleen. "An Evaluation of a Summer Camp Designed to Meet the Needs of Homeless Adolescents: Findings on the Impact of Camp Participation." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-wsr9-v942.
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Several studies showed adolescents living in temporary housing face multiple risks. The Floating Hospital (TFH), a non-profit organization serving homeless families in New York City, created the Camp Rise Up intervention as a six-day overnight camp to address these risks via a 14-lesson curriculum on the following topics: 1) communication; 2) self-esteem/body image; 3) anatomy; 4) alcohol and drugs; 5) puberty; 6) peer pressure; 7) pregnancy; 8) contraception; 9) gender and sexuality; 10) healthy relationships; 11) consent; 12) STIs/HIV; 13) media literacy; 14) managing emotions and conflict negotiation. Evaluation of Camp Rise Up compared pre-camp to post-camp mean scores for stage of change, self-efficacy, knowledge and social support for five behaviors of focus: saying “no” to sex, if pressured to have sex; talking about the need to use a condom every time, if you have sex; saying “no” to drugs, if pressured to use them; saying “no” to alcohol, if pressured to drink; and ending unhealthy relationships, if being abused. A secondary analysis of existing data collected by TFH on their August 2019 camp included a sample (n=24) that was 50.0% (n=11) Black, 36.4% (n= 8) Latinx, and 13.6% (n=3) mixed race with 13 girls (54.2%) and 11 boys (45.8%) with mean age of 13.26 (SD= 1.322, min=11, max=16).
Results showed: a significant increase from pre-camp to post-camp for knowledge of how to say “no” to sex, if pressured (p=.002); self-rated knowledge for all 14 topics covered in the curriculum increased significantly from pre-lesson to post-lesson (p=.000); post-camp ratings for counselors, teachers, overall camp experience, and 14 lessons were all very good to excellent; and, majority of participants would recommend the camp to others, diffusing the innovation of Camp Rise Up. Emergent themes from qualitative data analysis were: camp was a fun positive experience, they made new friends, learned new things, and tried new things beyond their comfort zone, Findings may serve as preliminary studies data to justify grant funding to support a camp of longer duration with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up. The curriculum may find application in meeting needs of this vulnerable population for vital health education.
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Hubáčková, Jana. "Sexuální výchova a chování žáků na středních školách." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344953.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is sexual behaviour and sex education. The adolescent body goes through important biological changes that are reflected in the adolescent behaviour. The aim of this thesis is to describe and summarize the biological changes occurring in adolescence and show their connection to sexual, social, emotional and cognitive development in adolescence. The thesis also describes the psychological aspects of adolescence as well as the changes in cognition and the emotionality. Moreover, it also focuses on the development of human sexual behaviour. Finally, the theoretical part defines the theoretical basis of sex education and describes the current state of integration of sex education into the education system of the Czech Republic. Finally, this thesis also aims to analyse attitudes towards sex education of high-school students depending on the sex and type of attended high school, as well as to map experiences in sexual life of the first-year high- school students. Results are compared to the results of national survey on sexual behaviour. KEYWORDS: Sexual behaviour, sex education, high school, biological changes, psychological changes, puberty, adolescence
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Mendle, Jane. "Association of early pubertal timing with externalizing behavior in adolescent girls /." 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3296239.
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Arim, Rubab G. "The interplay between pubertal timing, parental control and adolescent problem behaviors." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15208.
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This study was undertaken to investigate the interplay between pubertal timing, parental
control, and problem behaviors. More specifically, this study examined the relationships
between (a) pubertal timing and problem behaviors; and (b) parental control and problem
behaviors. The link between pubertal timing and parental control was also explored to
determine whether this relationship itself influences behavioral outcomes. A total of 267
(93 male, 167 female) students, whose ages ranged from 9 to 16 years participated in the
study. Regarding pubertal timing, the findings indicated that pubertal timing was
associated with externalizing problem behaviors; however, there was no significant
relationship between pubertal timing and internalizing problem behaviors. This suggests
that pubertal timing may not be a critical a variable in understanding individual
differences in all kinds of problem behavior. Regarding parental control, it was found
that both maternal and paternal psychological control predicted adolescent internalizing
and externalizing problem behaviors, even after controlling for the effects of behavioral
control. The results suggested that the use of behavioral control is differentially related
to developmental outcomes, depending on the domain in which it is utilized.
Furthermore, the findings highlighted the value of fathers in fostering optimal adolescent
development. Finally, the combined influence of pubertal timing and parental control on
adolescent problem behaviors was not found to be significant. Several directions for
future research are discussed in light of these findings.
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Rappleyea, Bethany. "The Role of ER-Alpha and the Ovaries in the Enduring Altered Behavioral Response to Pubertal Immune Stress." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1197.
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Peripubertal immune stress alters adult responsiveness to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). When female mice are injected with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at six weeks of age, or during pubertal development, they display a decrease in response to ovarian hormones. In contrast, females ovariectomized prior to peripubertal immune stress display typical levels of sexual behavior following sequential injections of E2 and P in adulthood. Additionally, intact females exposed to peripubertal immune stress display a decrease in estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α)-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) in adulthood. However, ER-α has not been studied in mice that have been ovariectomized prior to receiving LPS. The objective of the present study is two-fold: to replicate the finding that ovariectomy prior to pubertal development prevents the deleterious effects of LPS administration, and to examine the status of ER-α in areas of the brain important to sex behavior. We predicted that mice ovariectomized after LPS injection would display fewer ER-α-ir cells and a decreased responsiveness to ovarian hormones than saline controls and those mice ovariectomized prior to LPS injection. To test this, female mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated prior to LPS treatment. Then, at six weeks of age, all mice were injected with saline or LPS. Following that, sham-operated mice were ovariectomized and ovariectomized mice were sham-operated. Mice were primed weekly with E2 and P, and sex behavior testing occurred once a week for 5 weeks. After the final behavior test, all mice were euthanized, their brains removed, and stained for ER-α via immunocytochemistry. Results revealed a large variability in hormone responsiveness. However, animals that received peripubertal LPS, but still had their ovaries, had significantly lower sexual receptivity when compared to animals that were ovariectomized prior to the pubertal period and given LPS. Further, there were no differences between groups in ER-α-ir numbers. External environmental stressors, such as animal housing and vibrations and noise from nearby construction, may have caused some of the results found here, which are inconsistent with previous findings.
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Webber, Bronwyn Anne. "A South African study of the association between global self-esteem and Body Mass Index (BMI) scores, in adolescent females: An investigation of differences in perceived weight problems, racial identity, physical exercise, weight control behaviour and stage of pubertal development." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1591.
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STUDENT NUMBER: 0301561E
MASTERS OF EDUCATION
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES-DISCIPLINE OF SPECIALISED EDUCATION<br>The purpose of this study was to examine whether: actual and ideal body mass index (BMI) scores, perception of a weight problem, racial identity, physical exercise, weight control behaviour and stage of pubertal development predict levels of global self-esteem in average academic achieving English speaking middle-class adolescent females. The sample consisted of 90 females, ranging in age from 13 years 3 months to 18 years 7 months who were attending Benoni High School. BMI was measured and desired BMI based on self-reported weight and height. Self-perception of having a weight problem was evaluated by one question: “Do you see yourself as having a weight problem?” Self-esteem was measured in two ways: firstly participants completed the Rosenburg Self-esteem Scale and secondly homeroom teachers were asked to give a score of global self-esteem. A significant association was found between global self-esteem and: a perceived weight problem, actual BMI and race. No significant association was found between global self-esteem and: weight control behaviour; physical exercise, age of menarcheal onset and ideal BMI.
KEY WORDS
Global self-esteem, adolescent females, BMI, racial identity, weight control behaviour, physical exercise and pubertal development