Academic literature on the topic 'Public access to/along waterfronts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public access to/along waterfronts"
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Kelsch, Paul, J. Kris Krider, and Jodi La Coe. "Reimagining Riverfront Access Along the George Washington Memorial Parkway." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2614, no. 1 (January 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2614-03.
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This paper presents student proposals for redesigning the George Washington Memorial Parkway along the Rosslyn waterfront in Arlington, Virginia, as a case study in university and community partnerships. The George Washington Memorial Parkway, a registered historic landscape, lines the entire riverfront in Arlington, Virginia, and precludes most pedestrian access to the river, especially in Rosslyn, the most densely developed area adjacent to the waterfront. Landscape architecture and architecture students from the Washington Alexandria Architecture Center at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University examined the Rosslyn waterfront and proposed changes to the parkway as a means of accelerating community discussion about potential public access to the water. Six student projects that engage the parkway in various ways are presented, raising questions about historical integrity of the parkway and community access to the waterfront. The paper includes a discussion of the initial steps of Arlington County planners to engage a larger conversation about the work and the issues the projects raise and concludes with a discussion about the value and opportunities of collaboration between universities, communities, or public organizations.
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Gohar, Amir. "Greening and opening the public space of the Nile banks. A demonstration case study in Maadi, Cairo." Journal of Public Space 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.317.
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The Nile, in general, and particularly in Cairo, is an ecological, cultural and social corridor that is not yet fully utilized. The 2011 Cairo workshop “Connecting Cairo to the Nile” identified the potential to increase accessibility to the river, suggested longitude trail system, proposed connecting the waterfront with adjacent neighborhoods and proposed expanding the ferry system. I studied a 2-km reach of the east bank in Maadi, a wealthy suburb about 10 km upstream of the city center, with relatively greener banks, availability of resources at the district level, higher awareness of local residents, physical setting allow for banks re-use, existence of community organizations (i.e. Tree Lovers and Midan). Findings of fieldwork and interviews show that: (i) species of native vegetation found are Phoenix Dactylifera, Jacaranda, Cortedarea and Papyrus alba; these are concentrated along 115 meter in southern part of the study area. (ii) Public access was categorized into: public space (accessible), private or semi-public space (accessible with conditions), and prohibited (inaccessible). Along this representative stretch of the Nile, the public access was limited to 16%, the private or semi-public makes 29% and the prohibited zones are 55%. (iii) Boating operations found to be in three categories, floating hotels (Nile cruises), motor boats (including ferries) and sailing boats, all are scattered along the banks without an overall plan or organization, which affects water flow and block public access to the banks. To better develop the banks, I recommend (i) maintaining existing riparian vegetation and expand it to other areas with healthy banks or planted nurseries, (ii) connecting open public spaces to create a pleasant walking trail along the banks in addition to improving public access by relocating government buildings (such as the police or military facilities) and facilitate access to the river for general public, (iii) reducing the anchoring points to two locations and redistribute boating operations to group all motor boats to use the ferry anchoring points and all the sailing boats to use Al-Yacht club marina.
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Boshek, Margaret, and Alejandra Lira-Pantoja. "LIVING SHORELINE DESIGN USING NUMERICAL AND PHYSICAL MODELS TO CREATE A PUBLIC PARK IN EUCLID, OHIO." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.49.
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The shoreline of Euclid, Ohio consists of silty-clay cliffs that are naturally eroding into Lake Erie, supplying sediments to the littoral system. Updrift stabilization and entrapment of sands along the shoreline have led to accelerated deterioration of Euclid’s cliffs along a thousand meter stretch of lakefront. Due to the cliffs’ unstable nature and privately held ownership, long stretches of shoreline are inaccessible and only a few property-owning residents have visual access to the lake. Through state funding and creative negotiations, the City of Euclid and SmithGroupJJR were given permission to create a recreational waterfront park using both hard and soft engineering techniques designed to dynamically adapt to the forces of Lake Erie and not impede natural littoral transport. A series of numerical and physical modeling studies were undertaken to optimize a natural design that will remain stable throughout extreme events. This design married revetments, headland habitat beaches, offshore breakwaters, vertical structures, submerged structures, tee-groin breakwaters, recreational sand beaches, and natural plant stabilization techniques to achieve a stable, resilient waterfront park that can be enjoyed by the public.
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Scanlan, Melissa. "Blueprint for the Great Lakes Trail." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 4.1 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.4.1.blueprint.
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The Great Lakes are vast yet vulnerable. There is a need to focus the public’s attention on the significance of the lakes for the region as a cohesive, binational whole. To address this need, build on existing water law, and engage the public, this Article provides a blueprint to establish a Great Lakes Trail on the shores of the Great Lakes. The Trail will link together 10,000 miles of coastline and provide the longest marked walking trail in the world. It will demarcate an already existing, yet largely unrecognized, public trust easement and engage the public with their common heritage in the lakeshore. The Great Lakes Trail is rooted in longstanding legal rights in the beach commons that have been forgotten and eroded over time. The Trail will provide a tangible way to restore the public’s coastal history and reinvigorate public trust rights. In the United States, when each of the Great Lakes states entered the Union, the federal government transferred to them the waters and lakebeds of the Great Lakes up to the ordinary high water mark on the beach. The states were to hold these lands and waters in trust for the public use and enjoyment. In 2005, the Michigan Supreme Court held in favor of the public’s right to access and walk along this beach. This is the only Great Lakes state court decision to directly address the public’s right to walk along the Great Lakes, and it provides an excellent contemporary model decision for the region. On the Canadian side of the Great Lakes, there is an existing movement to build a Waterfront Trail along all of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, as well as legislative efforts to recognize a right of passage on foot along the Great Lakes shoreline. However, the states and provinces lack consistency in how they address public access to this coast, and have not identified it as a broad public asset like the Appalachian Trail. Establishing the Great Lakes Trail will be a monumental effort, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. It will require generating local, and especially lakeshore property owners’ support for the Trail; developing a system of local volunteers; working with artists and educators to design art installations and signs that reflect each community’s values and educate the public about Great Lakes ecological and legal issues; building local tourism economies with chambers of commerce to promote trail-oriented businesses; and partnering with GIS mappers and app developers to produce real time local business information and mapping. Ultimately, allowing people to utilize their public trust rights in walking the coasts of the Great Lakes actively engages them in seeing the importance of the Great Lakes as an ecological, political, economic, and cultural asset, which is a precursor to developing and implementing cooperative Great Lakes governance structures.
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Richmond, Laurie, Robert Dumouchel, Henry Pontarelli, Laura Casali, Wyatt Smith, Kathryn Gillick, Pamela Godde, Michelle Dowling, and Alyssa Suarez. "Fishing Community Sustainability Planning: A Roadmap and Examples from the California Coast." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071904.
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Fishing communities are facing a variety of challenges including declines in participation, reduced access to fish resources, aging physical infrastructure, gentrification, competition from foreign imports, the “graying” or aging of their fleets, along with a host of environmental stressors. These factors can represent threats to the continued viability of individual fishing communities. Such communities are clearly in need of tools that will enable them to plan strategically and to be more proactive in charting a sustainable future. This manuscript provides a roadmap for how to engage fishing communities in a bottom-up strategic planning process termed “fishing community sustainability planning” by describing implementation efforts in four diverse California ports: Morro Bay, Monterey, Shelter Cove, and Eureka. The process draws from the literature on sustainability and community development to assess fishing community sustainability around four broad categories: economics and markets; social and community; physical infrastructure and critical services; environment and regulation. Process steps included developing a project team and community coalition, analyzing baseline data, conducting interviews with waterfront stakeholders, hosting public workshops, and drafting a Fishing Community Sustainability Plan (FCSP) that includes concrete recommendations for how a community’s fishing industry and waterfront can be improved. Experiences from the four ports reveal that fishing community sustainability planning can be adapted to a variety of contexts and can contribute tangible benefits to communities. However, there are limitations to what community-scale planning can achieve, as many regulatory decisions that affect communities are enacted at the state or national level. Combining community-level planning with scaled-up fishing community sustainability planning efforts at the state and federal level could help overcome these limitations. FCSP planning is one tool fishing communities should consider as they seek to address threats and plan for their long-term viability.
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Du, Ming, and Yun Zhang. "The Organic Evolution of Chinese Traditional Urban Waterfronts: A Case Study of the Landscape of Slender West Lake." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2788.
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Despite little research of them, the landscapes of Slender West Lake underpin a significant and unique typology among the various Chinese traditional urban waterfronts. Although the name ‘Gardens of Yangzhou’ appears in 11th century, these gardens were referred and used as urban public landscape from the 18th century because of Grand Canal. The article explores the organic evolution of Chinese traditional urban waterfronts, through an investigation of historical events occurring along with the landscapes of Slender West Lake. As a Chinese traditional urban waterfront, its organic evolution was often based on the transformation of the experience of landscape. When the trip was more based on the river because of boats, the edge of the garden has become the focus point.
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Saveliev, Matvei V., Mikhail D. Roman, and Nikolay V. Bondar. "THE PRINCIPLES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF URBAN WATERFRONTS AS COMFORTABLE PUBLIC RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENT." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 40 (2020): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/40/9.
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The authors address the problem of development of urban waterfront territories. Therefore the focus is on the basic principles of the organization of public recreational areas. The relevance of the interest is generally stipulated by the following reasons. Firstly, due to the analysis of the domestic and overseas waterfront design experience it seems reasonable to point out that the quality of urban living depends directly on the viability of open public spaces. The waterfront area proves to be a major element of urban tissue that can be related as the city image. Secondly, it can be reasonable to outline a range of issues that are extremely important for many cities in Russia such as the lack of land improvement, comfortable living environment and architectural-aesthetic identity in terms of the image of waterfront areas. The article aims to reveal basic principles of spatial organization of urban waterfront areas. The study is carried out on the material of the domestic and overseas experience in design solu-tions and existing public recreational areas. This implies the analysis and comparison of the following cases: waterfront revival in great cities and suburban towns within Russia as well as overseas experi-ence on regeneration of abandoned waterfront areas. Furthermore, there is the description of the main methods, principles, prospective directions in design management and architectural-aesthetic features of each considering design solution. The methodological basis of the research incorporates architectur-al, art, historical and cultural approaches. In terms of key results of the research we consider highlighting such principles of the organiza-tion of urban waterfronts as multilayer communication structure which are the priority for pedestrian circulation and multilevel waterfront environment; the ability to access water bodies, the addition of focal points, viable and barrier-free environment. Moreover, one of the most important factors is the concentration of urban recreational areas with diverse multifunctional zones that can be used both in summer and winter seasons. The preservation of ecological framework and maintenance of biodiversi-ty, the reliance on water protection zones as well as the appliance of eco-materials are also considered to be a range of inalienable measures in urban waterfront design. Waterfronts cannot be designed sepa-rately from adjacent urban bodies that, for example, can represent historical value. Architectural-aesthetic image of urban waterfronts should meet the modern tendencies in architecture, urban plan-ning and design or emphasize historical identity of urban development. The overall statements are supported by the analysis of the following design solutions: the embankment of Zaryadye Park in Moscow; the design of the waterfront regeneration in Divnogorsk in Krasnoyarsk region; the design of Riga waterfront in Latvia, the design of Seine quayside reinvention in Paris; the East River waterfront in New York; the waterfront arear HafenCity in Hamburg. Overall, due to the results of our research the organization of urban waterfronts incorporates a variety of crucial factors (in terms of architecture, urban planning and design, imageability, ecology, economy etc) which add the complexity to the designing process. Nevertheless, the implementation of the basic principles of design provides waterfronts with the high level of diversity and comfort for cities’ inhabitants.
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Lipinski, Martin E., and David B. Clarke. "Resolution of Land Use and Port Access Conflicts at Inland Waterway Ports." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1522, no. 1 (January 1996): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152200114.
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During the last two decades urban redevelopment of waterfronts has accelerated. The historical significance of these areas coupled with their unique visual amenities has resulted in major renewal efforts in many cities. The competition between the waterway navigation industry and redevelopment interests for scarce waterfront land has resulted in conflicts. Congestion along the access routes to existing ports and terminals has affected the efficient movement of goods to and from the waterfront. The results of an investigation into waterfront redevelopment issues and port and terminal landside-access conflicts are presented. There are many complex forces at work that affect the use of and access to waterfront land. Some of these forces are economic and involve uses of the waterfront that are the “best and highest,” one example of which is river-boat gaming. The surveys and case studies conducted identified many conflicts that have occurred. Guidelines have been developed that address some of the problems that arise during the development of waterfront development projects and planning of adequate transportation access. Application of these guidelines by waterway transportation interests, urban planners, transportation engineers, and community officials may alleviate some of the conflict and enhance the planning process.
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Md Radzi, Mohd Zulhaimi Izwan, Zarina Isnin, and Zaharah Yahya. "Enlivening the Waterfront: Crime prevention through design." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.347.
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This paper proposed a theoretical design principle to enlivening waterfront space planning for crime prevention. Waterfront is usually the focal point of urban or port activity and became the symbiosis between water-related and urban-based functions. Increasing reports on crime problem have caused design, planning and development of waterfronts to be challenging and contentious. This study involved qualitative method and observation to Lumut Waterfront in Perak, Malaysia. Design approaches were identified based on crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Characteristics and criteria of CPTED were adapted to emphasise on public safety. It may be costly, but safety is more important.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Crime Prevention; Environmental Design; Public Safety; Waterfront
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CLARK, E. L., and M. J. HILTON. "Measuring and Reporting Changing Public Access to and Along the Coast." New Zealand Geographer 59, no. 1 (April 2003): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2003.tb01651.x.
Full textBooks on the topic "Public access to/along waterfronts"
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Along Amsterdams waterfront: Exploring the architecture of Amsterdam's Southern IJ Bank. Amsterdam: Valiz, 2006.
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Hutchins, Brian. Michigan's west coast: Explore the shore guide : a journey to 500 public parks and points of access along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Roscommon, MI: Abri-Press, 2005.
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Bellingham Bay recreational enhancement and public access: Environmental impact assessment, Winter 1997. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1997.
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Kurpershoek, Ernest, Maarten Kloos, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Yttje Feddes, Mercel Ligtelijn, Marinus Oostenbrink, and Evert Verhagen. Along Amsterdam's Waterfront: Exploring the Architecture of the Southern IJ Bank. Valiz, 2007.
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Aquarium, New England. The New England aquarium, a report to Charlestown community. 1989.
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Associates, HMM. Spaulding rehabilitation hospital building addition and therapeutic/recreational pier: final environmental impact report, eoea no. 7317. 1989.
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Inc, Myerson/Allen and Company. Tudor wharf, Charlestown, ma, draft project impact report. 1989.
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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. Fort point channel district plan, work in progress 1988: a plan to manage growth. 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public access to/along waterfronts"
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Materassi, Letizia, and Silvia Pezzoli. "Migranti e rappresentazioni. Linguaggio, integrazione, discriminazione." In Migrazioni in Italia: oltre la sfida, 169–90. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-965-2.09.
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Public discussion on migration is addressed through frame and signification processes in which journalistic production plays a crucial role. Compared to the past, more diversified and articulated frames are adopted in the current representation of migration. Publics grassroots productivity goes along and overlaps with journalistic contents. The chapter aims to investigate how discussion on migration develops, with a focus on the innovations introduced by digital technologies and social web and the new possibilities for access, participation and production of contents by the audience.
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Petelos, Elena, Dimitra Lingri, Dimitris Patestos, and Christos Lionis. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Refugees in Greece: A New Challenge for Healthcare Service Provision, Public Health Programmes and Policymaking." In IMISCOE Research Series, 299–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_15.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted everyone’s life globally, nevertheless, its impact on refugees and migrants has been particularly profound. This chapter analyses key parameters on the living and healthcare provision conditions for these groups, the obstacles to access and to service provision, and the institutional context in Greece – a country with a large number of refugees and one of the main ports of entry to Europe. The impact of COVID-19 is examined in relation to containment, care provision and preparedness measures, with special reference to the conditions in the refugee settlements and to capturing the measures implemented over the first two years of the pandemic. Comprehensive contextualisation is achieved by examining EU legislation and policies, the Greek care provision system and obstacles to its access; an overview of key characteristics for optimal care delivery is also provided. The existing body of evidence on health and hygiene is reviewed along with key regulatory and legislative aspects, to inform the current debate, research and policy. The role of health information, mediation, public health messaging and risk communication is also briefly examined, together with key considerations in terms of social cohesion and societal resilience. Brief recommendations in terms of health and social policy, with relevance to national and local authorities, and all relevant stakeholders, are made, aiming to reduce the harm, as well as collateral damage, and to inform future policies for public health programmes and care provision for these groups. Given the changing refugee landscape due to the current war in Ukraine, which has resulted in a new wave of displaced persons within the European area, particular attention is needed on the potential disparities that may be created amongst different refugee groups that ought to be protected to the same degree.
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Bagavos, Christos, Nikos Kourachanis, Konstantina Lagoudakou, and Katerina Xatzigiannakou. "Between Reception, Legal Stay and Integration in a Changing Migration Landscape in Greece." In IMISCOE Research Series, 173–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_9.
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AbstractSignificant transformations in the migratory landscape of Greece have been observed recently. In practice, the mixed flows of migrants and refugees have modified the role of Greece as a migrant-receiving country. Immigration, in terms of either transit or settled immigrants, has become a major policy issue; additionally, it has mobilized national authorities, international bodies as well as formal and informal civil society organizations. Changes in the immigration landscape, along with adverse economic conditions, has led to further efforts by public authorities in the effective management of refugee flows and reducing the risks of irregular stay for a significant number of migrants. Despite significant developments in the legislative framework for the integration of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers (MRAs) into the labor market, their access to employment remains more of a secondary issue for policy actors.
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Pretzsch, Sebastian, Holger Drees, and Lutz Rittershaus. "Mobility Data Space." In Designing Data Spaces, 343–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_21.
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AbstractTo successfully support decision-making or even automatically make decisions of their own, intelligent transport and mobility systems require large amounts of data. Although multitudes of mobility data are already being collected today, the comprehensive processing and exploitation of this data have often been impossible due to technical, legal, or economic reasons. With Mobility Data Space, an open data space is now being created which offers access to real-time traffic data and sensitive mobility data beyond their secure exchange and which links existing data platforms to each other. In the future, it will thus be possible to provide comprehensive mobility data on a national level.Based on a decentralized system architecture developed by the International Data Spaces Association e. V., the Mobility Data Space offers an ecosystem in which data providers can specify and control the conditions under which their data can be used by third parties. This approach creates data sovereignty as well as trust, and data users can be sure about data origin and quality. By integrating data from the public and private sector via regional and national platforms, the Mobility Data Space will become a digital distribution channel for data-driven business models, providing entirely new options of data acquisition, linking, and exploitation.Whether data provider, user, developer, or end user—the Mobility Data Space takes all acting parties into consideration and offers: Data sovereignty and security along the value chain Standardized access to data from both public and private sources Space for the emergence of new business models, distribution channels and services, as well as a larger selection of innovative mobility services and applications
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Farmer, Jane, Anthony McCosker, Kath Albury, and Amir Aryani. "Introduction." In Data for Social Good, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5554-9_1.
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AbstractThe authors introduce the idea of data capability and why this is a crucial time for non-profit organisations to become skilled and resourced in data analytics. First, we explore the non-profit sector and how its role as a provider of social services in many high-income countries means it increasingly works with data. We suggest how non-profits could re-use data they already generate, along with open public data, to address their data challenges and gaps, including to evidence their social impact. Second, we explain why non-profits should aim for data capability that differs in relation to context, comparing it with data literacy and data maturity as outcomes. We propose benefits from collaborating with data and data analytics because it enables access to wider resources and more holistic solutions. We end by summarising the current relationship between citizens who are often in non-profit data as clients and customers and the lack of routine ways for non-profits to engage citizens in data work. We highlight this space of working with citizens as one where experiments and new ideas are forming. We suggest non-profits need to invest in skilling-up and resourcing within their organisations, so they are competent to work with citizens and data.
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Zick, Timothy. "The Public Forum." In The First Amendment in the Trump Era, 69–90. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073992.003.0004.
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This chapter examines concerns relating to preserving access to public properties for the purpose of facilitating freedom of expression. Historically, speakers and groups have fought to obtain and preserve First Amendment rights to access and use what are referred to as “public forums”—places that the government owns or controls, but that are held in trust for the people for the purpose of exercising First Amendment rights. The “law and order” mantra of the Trump Era has revived concerns, dating in particular from the 1960s and 1970s, about preserving speakers’ access to public places including streets and parks. Government “law and order” policies and actions, along with various other access limits, raise concerns about the continued viability of the public forum. In addition, during the Trump Era, issues have arisen with regard to speakers’ access to places in the “modern public square,” including official social media sites. President Trump’s decision to block several critics from the comment portion of his Twitter page is only the most prominent example of this new access concern, which will affect dissenters’ ability to communicate with an increasing number of public officials. Preserving access to traditional and digital forums will be critical to maintaining a culture of dissent.
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Brodefrank, Jessica. "Crowdsourcing Metadata in Museums: Expanding Descriptions, Access, Transparency, and Experience." In Perspectives on Data. The Art Institute of Chicago, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53269/9780865593152/02.
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An account of how crowdsourcing metadata can increase findability of museum collections via analysis of the Adler Planetarium’s “Tag Along with Adler” project, which invited members of the public to tag items from this science museum’s holdings.
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Michney, Todd M. "Zoning, Development, and Residential Access." In Surrogate Suburbs. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631943.003.0004.
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This chapter shifts focus to Cleveland’s far south-eastern corner to probe the origins of the Lee-Seville enclave, investigating several land development battles that materialized between and among black and white residents, as more upwardly mobile African American families moved to the vicinity after World War II. Despite being united in opposition to public housing, black homeowners fought to preserve vacant land for residential use, while whites attempted to hamper African American influx through zoning changes enabling industrial projects. The topics of black contractors and builders are covered, as well as the emergence by the late 1950s of white developers willing to build for African American clients, along with how African Americans successfully navigated white opposition to gain access to the quasi-suburban Lee-Harvard neighbourhood. The first black family’s move there in 1953 was effectively mediated by the city’s Community Relations Board and personally by the mayor himself – in contrast to Detroit and Chicago where city leaders deferred to white prejudice.
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Stasavage, David. "The Evolution and Importance of Public Credit." In States of Credit. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691140575.003.0002.
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This chapter examines why access to credit was important for European states and provides extensive new evidence on the evolution of public credit across five centuries, from 1250 to 1750. The ability to borrow was critical in medieval and early modern Europe because it allowed states to participate in wars, either defensive or offensive. In order to better understand this fact, the chapter analyzes the movement that took place from compulsory to paid service for soldiers, along with opportunities to finance wars through current taxation. It also explains when states first borrowed long-term and measures the cost of borrowing, focusing on interest rates based on nominal rates at issue when these are available, and based on the fiscal proxy when they are not. The chapter highlights the difference between city-states and territorial states, with the former enjoying an apparent financial advantage that allowed them to begin borrowing earlier and to obtain access to lower-cost finance.
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Yerena, Anaid, and Rubén Casas. "A Place for Life: Striving Towards Accessible and Equitable Public Spaces for Times of Crisis and Beyond." In Volume 3: Public Space and Mobility, 75–84. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529219005.003.0008.
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As in other pandemics, COVID-19 has reminded us of the importance of abundant, high-quality, and accessible public spaces, while simultaneously putting into sharp relief the disparities in availability and access to these. Because the pandemic requires people to remain in their dwellings, which for some are limited in size and lack appropriate outdoor spaces, the experience of the pandemic has been varied and unequal. These differences reveal themselves in familiar ways, along racial and class lines, further demonstrating the uneven ways cities develop in relation to density and housing. This chapter provides recommendations for planners, civic leaders, and communities to envision more equitable and accessible public places.
Conference papers on the topic "Public access to/along waterfronts"
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Madhushan, A. M. L., and J. Dharmasena. "A STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF MIDDLE-INCOME GROUP ALONG URBAN CANAL WATERFRONTS." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.13.
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In most of the cases, canal network in Greater Colombo region work as the drainage system of the urban area and as the backyard of the city. Therefore, there is a lack of attention to the canal waterfronts by the government and by the public. Hence, this research was to find out and evaluate the factors, which will affect the quality of life of people along urban canal waterfronts. It has been discussed in terms of liveability through a series of carefully selected indicators. Liveability surveys were conducted along five canal waterfronts and the participants’ perceptions were taken. Every canal waterfront was assigned a rating of over 25 qualitative and quantitative factors (set of indicators) across six broad categories (dimensions): safety, comfort, health and wellbeing, mobility, environment, and socio-cultural factors. Each qualitative factor was given a rating from 1(tolerable)-5(intolerable). Qualitative factors were then combined with quantitative factors through a series of equations to form the liveability index. According to the proposed liveability index, transport dimension index is ideal (100), while the health and well-being dimension is the lowest (27). This will help for the creation of government policies, plans, rules and regulations and when implementing projects along urban canal waterfronts.
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Dombroski, Lucas, and Viviana Colella. "Las huellas de la inequidad: suelo, ciudad y formas urbanas en los “frentes” y “fondos” del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6320.
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El Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) fue escenario de grandes transformaciones urbanas en los
últimos 25 años, en particular en sus áreas de borde, ligadas a los frentes costeros y bordes de cursos de
agua. Este paper indaga acerca de las reglas implícitas y explícitas que dieron forma a esos procesos de
transformación, en función de tres ejes de análisis, que representan los puntos más problemáticos en la
construcción del AMBA: el acceso al suelo, la producción de ciudad y la morfología urbana. Para esto, se
analizan dos casos contrastantes con el objetivo de formular hipótesis que permitan ampliar este análisis
para otras áreas de borde de la región: la zona de Rincón del Milberg, en el municipio de Tigre, antiguos
bañados ocupados recientemente por urbanizaciones informales, y la zona de Los Hornos, en el municipio
de Moreno, una zona de cavas y hornos de ladrillo, donde se desarrollaron en la última década una serie de
ocupaciones informales. The Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA) was the scene of large urban transformations in the last 25
years, particularly in its fringe areas, related to the waterfronts or along the rivers. This paper asks about
implicit and explicit rules that shaped those transformation processes, based on three axes of analysis,
which represent the most problematic issues in the construction of the AMBA: access to land, production of
city and urban morphology. For this purpose, we analyze two contrasting cases in order to formulate
hypotheses, that will expand this analysis to other fringe areas of the region: Rincon del Milberg, in the
municipality of Tigre, former wetlands, and recently occupied by gated communities, and Los Hornos, in the
municipality of Moreno, an area of diggins and brickyards, where a series of slums were developed in the
last decade.
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Pfaffenbichler, Paul, Joachim Gauster, Lukas Hartwig, and Michael Meschik. "Planning and designing infrastructure and services for sustainable bicycle tourism along the EuroVelo routes in the Danube region." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1043.
Full textAbstract:
Before the Covid-19 pandemic air travel was growing steeply and “flight shame” became one of the catch phrases of the climate crisis. Too often urban citizens undermined eco-friendly workday mobility with long-distance holiday air travel. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic posed new challenges. The recreational needs had to be satisfied by domestic tourism closer to home. There is a need for innovative sustainable tourism products and concepts to respond to both of these trends. Bicycle tourism combined with public transport for destination access and egress is a promising candidate for low carbon and regional tourism concepts. The Danube region is among the most important European cycle tourism destinations. A long stretch of the EuroVelo route 6 follows the river Danube, other EuroVelo routes cross the region. The European Interreg-project EcoVeloTour combines three main elements to support new sustainable tourism concepts in this corridor: ecotourism, use of public transport to access the destination or starting and final points of cycle tours and cycling within the destination region. Key elements of the EcoVeloTour approach are sustainable mobility and ecotourism guidelines. The guidelines utilize synergies between sustainable multimodal mobility planning, including cycling infrastructure, and cyclist ecotourism related services and ecotourism development (e.g. destination management, marketing, product development) along the EuroVelo routes. The guidelines for sustainable bicycle tourism provide a comprehensive basis for planning and improving all relevant mobility-related infrastructure and services. The chapter “Infrastructure for high-level bicycle tourism” deals with relevant road infrastructure elements like different types of tracks, intersections and roundabouts, route signposting, bicycle parking, shelters for cyclists, lighting and maintenance. The chapter “Transport services and intermodality” addresses public transport use for transfers to origin and from final destination of bicycle tours. It describes infrastructure, information and services needed at intermodal nodes. Regional bicycle tourism strategies and pilot projects are elaborated based on the EcoVeloTour guidelines. An interactive self-assessment tool to support strategy development and pilot actions of the regions was developed and tested in transnational learning interactions.
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Ibrahim, Marzia, and Anusha Sharma. "The National Coalition on the Education Emergency - Building Macro-Resilience in Response to the Pandemic." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.7438.
Full textAbstract:
The pandemic has caused the near collapse of the already weak Indian public education system. Prolonged school closures along with caste, gender, and economic marginalisation are forcing children to endure malnutrition, physical and mental health challenges, child labour, and early marriages, in addition to learning deprivation. The system’s response has not reached the grassroots. NGOs across the country provide services at the ground level, but national-level coordination is insufficient. This paper studies the National Coalition on the Education Emergency (NCEE), established by individuals and groups from across India, as a case of building macro-resilience, emphasising principles of equity, universal access, humane education, decentralised decision-making, and public investment. Through a critical examination of the work done by the NCEE on curating curricular resources (OERs), conducting and compiling research studies, developing policy tracking tools, networking with partners and collaborators, creating larger awareness, social mobilisation, advocacy and interacting with governments to inform their programs and policies, the paper will discuss challenges in the Indian education system and the attempts to address them within a federal state structure. It looks at why an integrated nationwide response to the crisis is necessary.
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Ivković, Nikola. "USLUGE POVERENIKA ZA INFORMACIJE OD JAVNOG ZNAČAJA I ZAŠTITU PODATAKA O LIČNOSTI." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.729i.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses the nature, functions and competencies of the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection. The set of functions essentially represents the services that the Commissioner performs in order to achieve the most stable foundations of a legal and democratic state. The introductory part analyzes the origin and historical genesis of the development of commissioners in the field of information. The question of the justification and nature of special types of ombudsmen and the category of information and data protection commissioner is raised. The second part aims to look at the way services are provided. Along with the analysis of the justification of the existence of the Commissioner for Information and Data Protection globally, the basis and manner for incorporation into the system of R. Serbia. Through two separate parts, the right of access to information and the right to data protection, the legal system of R. Serbia. As the two parts of the information sky are merged into one role of the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection, the analysis also indicates the quality of service provided from this perspective. Finally, the idea of a certification center was presented, which would be located at the University of Kragujevac in order to compensate for the handicap of insufficient knowledge in the field of information and data.
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McIntosh, Robin, Gary Littlestar, and Aron Ekelund. "Using HPIR Class Composite Pipeline Systems to Overcome the Challenges of Rehabilitating or Replacing a Pipeline Across a Navigable Waterway and Environmentally Sensitive Wetlands." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33596.
Full textAbstract:
One of the biggest challenges that Pipeline Operators face is the rehabilitation or replacement of long, old pipeline segments that have restrictive right-of-way access, such as those crossing a major waterway or highway or through an environmentally sensitive area where traditional dig and replacement is not an option. Typically, these projects have limited options and have high associated costs. Pipeline downtime is also a major factor in the project planning. Horizontal Directional Drilling and lengthy environmental impact studies are two examples of costly and/or time-consuming activities common to these projects. Self-monitoring, high-pressure internal replacement (HPIR class) composite pipeline systems are a viable alternative for replacing these hard to access pipelines, with little disruption to the pipeline right-of-way. HPIR class composite systems are installed into the old pipeline in very long lengths, negating the requirement for multiple excavations along the pipeline. Although inserted inside the old pipeline, they are not a simple plastic “liner”. They are fully structural, transporting high-pressure oil, gas and hazardous materials, with no dependence on the corroded steel pipeline. State and federal regulatory codes mandate the replacement of pipelines under certain conditions as part of the integrity management programs implemented as a result of the United States 2002 Pipeline Safety Act. However, these codes do not always consider the impact that traditional trenching and replacement has on public safety, nor on environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands, national parks or endangered species habitats. This paper will address the following aspects of pipeline replacement, in hard-to-access areas, such as those that cross navigable waterways: 1) The traditional methods and limitations related to replacing the pipeline segments in hard-to-access areas 2) Composite technologies available today 3) Case study of replacement of regulated pipeline segments using HPIR class composite pipeline systems.
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Lee, Ming-Chun, and Manasi Bapat. "Second life of great American parking garages: Exploring the potential of adaptive reuse of urban parking structures in the American cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5908.
Full textAbstract:
The structure of American cities has been greatly influenced and transformed with the onset of the car culture and its ever evolving impacts to the everyday life of American people. The early 1900’s experienced a noticeable growth in the demand and need for automobiles resulting in the increasing need for parking spaces in the city. Eventually, multi-level parking garages were built to suffice this requirement of the ever-growing city. However, increase of parking spaces around urban fringes; raise in gas prices; better public transit options in downtown cores; growing public awareness of reducing automobile dependence in order to address issues of sustainability; advancement in autonomous vehicles and demand-based traffic management, all are making existing parking garages obsolete and useless. The era of designing cities as if car access alone was sufficient appears to have ended. An opportunity lies where the existing underused parking garages can be repurposed into residential, entertainment, or work spaces rather than paying up for demolition and construction costs of an altogether new structure. It can be projected that this technical and architectural retrospection of existing parking garages can prove as a catalyst in resolving existing issues of the city. This paper traces past projects that have attempted to convert existing urban parking garages to other uses in North America. It then analyzes their design and construction approaches and discusses the implications of this type of conversion to the urban form of the areas surrounding these projects. Our initial investigation concludes with an analytical framework that includes the following criteria: type of garage structure; vertical circulation and ramp configuration; material and construction method; floor plan arrangement; size in relation to block and street orientation; surrounding area condition in terms of land use and street network. Furthermore, implications of garage conversion to urban form of surroundings can be examined by these measures: remediation of building façade; alternation in setback between public right of way and building footprint; change in active usage along building frontage.
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Wu, Dazhong, Janis Terpenny, Li Zhang, Robert Gao, and Thomas Kurfess. "Fog-Enabled Architecture for Data-Driven Cyber-Manufacturing Systems." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8559.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past few decades, both small- and medium-sized manufacturers as well as large original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have been faced with an increasing need for low cost and scalable intelligent manufacturing machines. Capabilities are needed for collecting and processing large volumes of real-time data generated from manufacturing machines and processes as well as for diagnosing the root cause of identified defects, predicting their progression, and forecasting maintenance actions proactively to minimize unexpected machine down times. Although cloud computing enables ubiquitous and instant remote access to scalable information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and high volume data storage, it has limitations in latency-sensitive applications such as high performance computing and real-time stream analytics. The emergence of fog computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and cyber-physical systems (CPS) represent radical changes in the way sensing systems, along with ICT infrastructures, collect and analyze large volumes of real-time data streams in geographically distributed environments. Ultimately, such technological approaches enable machines to function as an agent that is capable of intelligent behaviors such as automatic fault and failure detection, self-diagnosis, and preventative maintenance scheduling. The objective of this research is to introduce a fog-enabled architecture that consists of smart sensor networks, communication protocols, parallel machine learning software, and private and public clouds. The fog-enabled architecture will have the potential to enable large-scale, geographically distributed online machine and process monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis that require low latency and high bandwidth in the context of data-driven cyber-manufacturing systems.
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Reizinger-Ducsai, Anita. "EXTENDED OF THE AUDIT: AUDIT OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTS." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/04.
Full textAbstract:
A concomitant of the corporate integration of sustainable development is that companies even make public reports about their relevant activity via communication channels, as they expect to see some short or long-term competitive advantages. This thesis focuses on the content and the audit of sustainability reports. Assessing the information content of these reports and trying to figure out if the producers of these reports can actually be considered socially responsible. The thesis gets a nearer view of the quality of the audit, based on the stakeholders’ preferences. The basis of the dissertation was the sustainability and corporate governance reports of the companies listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange. The research has led to prove that the audit of sustainability reports has an increasing relevance among the stakeholders, even though its audit cannot lead to reasonable certainty on the account of the complexity of the used data and the subjectivity of the opinions. Having analysed the sustainability reports published in Hungary, as a conclusion the audit of sustainability reports create value. It creates value, since reliable and authentic data are more likely to be integrated in corporate decisions. No sustainability results can be achieved without a reliable reporting system, which also has a multiplier effect. The external stakeholders, including primarily investors and analysis experts can rise to a higher level of trust and make better decisions in line with the company, in so far as they can have access to an audited sustainability report, along with the audited financial statement.
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Gravdal, Jan Einar, Dan Sui, Attila Nagy, Nejm Saadallah, and Robert Ewald. "A Hybrid Test Environment for Verification of Drilling Automation Systems." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204064-ms.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe transition towards drilling automation put high demands on new software for controlling or assisting during drilling. Along with the software development, adequate infrastructures for testing and verification of this software need to be in place. In other industries, such as aviation, the development of advanced simulators goes hand in hand with the technological developments and ensures a fit for purpose test environment at all time.Since 2017, a high-fidelity online drilling simulator has been available to the public. The purpose has been to facilitate and accelerate the development and testing of real-time drilling automation systems.The simulator can be accessed through a web Application Programming Interface (API) and run from a web client, or in a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator from a control system environment with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) from leading industry vendors. To facilitate testing and verification of systems also on real data, recent developments have enabled a user-friendly access to openly available drilling data through the web API. Automatic functions have been developed to create model configurations from recorded data sets. This setup enables benchmarking of simulation models against recorded data and allows efficient verification of drilling automation systems.The web enablement makes the infrastructure suitable for development projects and software verification from anywhere in the world without any installation needed. Better availability of realistic and scalable test environments for automated drilling systems is expected to speed up the qualification of new drilling technologies. This will in turn reduce costs and minimize the carbon footprint from drilling operations.This paper describes the hybrid test environment and key learnings from the developers and user's perspective.
Reports on the topic "Public access to/along waterfronts"
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Calomeni, Alyssa, Charles Theiling, and Burton Suedel. Planning and implementation of environmental pool management at Lake Red Rock, Des Moines River, Iowa. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45524.
Full textAbstract:
This technical note complements “Environmental Pool Management: The 25-Year Evolution of an Engineering With Nature® Practice,” an ArcGIS Story Map available for public access on the Engineering With Nature (EWN) website (EWN 2021b), and communicates the planning and implementation of environmental pool management (EPM) at Lake Red Rock located along the Des Moines River in Iowa.
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Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Food in the digital platform economy – making sense of a dynamic ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jbr429.
Full textAbstract:
The food services sector has been evolving rapidly over the past decade, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The traditional linear model of food producers selling through wholesalers to brick and mortar retailers, restaurants and hospitality venues is increasingly being displaced by complex interactive digital ecosystems of online food services providers. Consumers are increasingly able to access food directly at various stages along the traditional value chain via interaction with digital platforms and rapid home-delivery networks, realising greater convenience, more variety in food products and services from a dynamic start-up scene, and overall enhanced value. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure these innovations are aligned with the public good and do not compromise food safety and public health.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.
Full textAbstract:
In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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Iyer, Ananth V., Samuel Labi, Steven Dunlop, Thomas Brady Jr., and Eki Amijaya. Cost and Benefit Analysis of Installing Fiber Optics on INDOT Projects. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317131.
Full textAbstract:
The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is tasked with the stewardship of billions of dollars’ worth of public invested highway infrastructure. Not only does INDOT continually seek design and operational policies that foster cost effective project delivery and procurement, they also seek opportunities for revenue generation. Due to population growth and the increased demand for online connectivity and global information transmission, the fiber-optic cable industry has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. Information and communication technology (ICT) companies have long sought to achieve higher economic productivity by installing fiber-optic cables in the right of way (ROW) of access-controlled highways. Based on these developments, an experiment was conducted to measure the economic impact in Indiana. To determine this impact, a database was developed by compartmentalizing the analysis into (1) GDP per county per industry type, (2) the natural growth of GDP as a factor, and (3) the extent of contribution of broadband in the growth of GDP. A general formula was developed to incorporate the adjusted median income on both the industry and county levels, along with a broadband contribution factor. This formula was employed to determine policies that can produce optimum economic outcome by leveraging the Pareto method.
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Shyshkina, Mariya P., and Maiia V. Marienko. Augmented reality as a tool for open science platform by research collaboration in virtual teams. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3755.
Full textAbstract:
The provision of open science is defined as a general policy aimed at overcoming the barriers that hinder the implementation of the European Research Area (ERA). An open science foundation seeks to capture all the elements needed for the functioning of ERA: research data, scientific instruments, ICT services (connections, calculations, platforms, and specific studies such as portals). Managing shared resources for the community of scholars maximizes the benefits to society. In the field of digital infrastructure, this has already demonstrated great benefits. It is expected that applying this principle to an open science process will improve management by funding organizations in collaboration with stakeholders through mechanisms such as public consultation. This will increase the perception of joint ownership of the infrastructure. It will also create clear and non-discriminatory access rules, along with a sense of joint ownership that stimulates a higher level of participation, collaboration and social reciprocity. The article deals with the concept of open science. The concept of the European cloud of open science and its structure are presented. According to the study, it has been shown that the structure of the cloud of open science includes an augmented reality as an open-science platform. An example of the practical application of this tool is the general description of MaxWhere, developed by Hungarian scientists, and is a platform of aggregates of individual 3D spaces.
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Southwell, Brian, and Vanessa Boudewyns, eds. Curbing the Spread of Misinformation: Insights, Innovations, and Interpretations from the Misinformation Solutions Forum. RTI Press, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0008.1812.
Full textAbstract:
Although many people now have access to more accumulated information than has ever been the case in human existence, we also now face a moment when the proliferation of misinformation, or false or inaccurate information, poses major challenges. In response to these challenges and to build collaboration across disciplines and expertise and a more effective community of learning and practice, the Rita Allen Foundation partnered with RTI International and the Aspen Institute along with Craig Newmark Philanthropies, Democracy Fund, and Burroughs Wellcome Fund to hold the Misinformation Solutions Forum in October 2018 at the Aspen Institute in Washington, DC. This forum brought together academic researchers, technology professionals, data scientists, journalists, educators, community leaders, funders and a set of graduate student fellows to explore promising ideas for curbing the spread of misinformation. We issued an open call for ideas to be featured in the forum that sought interventions focused on reducing behaviors that lead to the spread of misinformation or encouraging behaviors that can lead to the minimization of its influence. Interventions with technological, educational, and/or community-based components were encouraged, as were projects involving science communication, public health and diverse populations. A panel of expert judges assessed submissions through a blind review process; judges included representatives from the Rita Allen Foundation, as well as external institutions such as the Democracy Fund, the National Institutes of Health, the Poynter Institute, First Draft, and academic institutions. Authors developed the essays presented here based on both original submissions and the iterative collaboration process that ensued.
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
Full textAbstract:
In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Sexual and reproductive healthcare for migrant women: A mapping of civil society actors in Mexico. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1030.
Full textAbstract:
This study maps the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services that Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) provide to women on the move in seven states along the migrant route. We also document CSOs' views on access barriers to SRH public services, and how COVID-19 affected CSOs and migrants during the first months of the pandemic in Mexico.