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1
Wicher, Neto Hélio. "O polo gerador de tráfego : a política do automóvel em São Paulo por meio da análise de um instrumento da ação pública." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Silvana Maria Zioni<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016.<br>Com objetivo de contribuir com as explicações que tratam do estágio das condições de mobilidade urbana de São Paulo, esta pesquisa teve como objeto um instrumento de ação pública da política de mobilidade urbana da Prefeitura de São Paulo: o Polo Gerador de Tráfego (PGT). Os achados permitem argumentar que os mecanismos presentes no instrumento, com filiação na abordagem tradicional da engenharia de transportes, reforçam e incentivam o uso do automóvel como padrão normativo de deslocamento ao promover a construção de vagas de estacionamento e solicitar medidas que visam dar fluidez ao trânsito, indo de encontro aos objetivos declarados do instrumento. Tais mecanismos, contudo, são encontrados em outras searas da política urbana de São Paulo, como nos requisitos mínimos de garagem presentes na legislação urbanística de uso e ocupação do solo, indicando que as ideias e os legados que se estruturam a partir da chegada do automóvel na cidade tiveram repercussões para além das burocracias que cuidam do trânsito (CET) e do transporte (SPTrans). Tais evidências foram, então, abordadas a partir das ideias por trás da ação estatal para acomodar o carro na cidade a transição operada no conceito de mobilidade ¿, revela a dimensão da política de mobilidade voltada para o automóvel. Em seguida, a trajetória da política é refeita a partir dos planos urbanísticos e de transportes que marcaram a história da política de mobilidade de São Paulo, buscando revelar a política do automóvel que subjaz às decisões e não decisões das burocracias e atores políticos à frente do Estado e de seus legados. O PGT é, nesse sentido, devidamente contextualizado no arco de mudanças e permanências da política de mobilidade e seu papel é objeto de reflexão a partir da análise das normas que o regulamentam, seus mecanismos de funcionamento e sua aplicação.<br>In order to contribute to the explanations that deal with the stage of urban mobility conditions of São Paulo, the research came from an analysis of a public action instrument of São Paulo municipality urban mobility policy - the Polo Traffic Generator (PGT). The findings can argue that the mechanisms present in the instrument, with membership in the traditional approach to transportation engineering, reinforce and encourage the use of the automobile as a normative standard to offset once it promotes the construction of parking spaces and require measures to improve transit fluidity, opposing to the declared objectives of the instrument. Such mechanisms, however, are found in other fields of urban policy in São Paulo, as the
minimum requirements garage present in the urban legislation of land use and occupation, which indicates that the ideas and legacy structured from the car arrival in the city had repercussions beyond the bureaucracies that take care of the traffic (CET) and transport (SPTrans). Such evidence, then, were approached from the ideas behind the state action to fit the car in the city - the transition in mobility concept reveals the dimension of the mobility
policy for the automobile. Then the trajectory of the policy is resumed from urban plans and transportation that have marked the history of mobility policy in São Paulo, seeking to reveal the auto policy that underlies the decisions and non-decisions of bureaucracies and political actors ahead of State and his legacy. The PGT is then properly contextualized in the arc of change and continuities of mobility policy and its role is the object of reflection from a careful analysis of the rules that regulate, its operating mechanisms and the instrument application.
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Armakolla, Angela. "An assessment of CCP resilience under the new regulatory framework using public data." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E086.
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Dans ce travail, l’impact des accords d’EMIR et d’autres directives internationales (Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures, Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions) sur la résilience des marchés financiers est étudié en termes de risque de contrepartie et de risque systémique. Plus particulièrement, le travail se focalise sur la résilience des Chambres de Compensation (CCPs), qui sont au cœur de la nouvelle architecture du système financier. Dans le cadre du mouvement réglementaire des produits dérivées vers les CCPs, le risque de contrepartie a ainsi été transféré des marchés bilatéraux aux CCPs. Il est donc aujourd’hui primordial d’évaluer les risques systémiques relatifs à cette transformation de la structure des marchés financiers. Après avoir décrit le fonctionnement des CCPs et leur cadre réglementaire, le rôle du marché européen des pensions livrées compensées comme canal d’amplification du risque systémique est analysé. Les pensions livrées sont des instruments financiers de refinancement des banques, représentant une part croissante de la liquidité des institutions financières en Europe. Un nouvel ensemble de données sur les taux de décote appliqués aux obligations d’état par les CCPs est présenté. Son analyse montre que les taux de décote sur les obligations d’État des pays périphériques ont considérablement augmenté en réaction à la hausse du risque souverain. Enfin, la procyclicité des taux de décote et la concentration des transactions sécurisées indiquent que le marché de la pension livrée pourrait être une source de risque systémique dans la zone Euro. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la résilience financière des CCPs et de leurs membres. Comme la résilience de long terme d’une CCP dépend de la solidité de sa base de membres, la capacité de paiement des bases de membres en vertu des scénarios normaux et stressés est évaluée. Pour se protéger contre le défaut de leurs participants, les chambres de compensation ont mis au point plusieurs procédures de gestion des risques : des marges, des fonds de garantie mutuels (default fund), et des outils de récupération (remplissage des fonds de garantie mutuels, prélèvement d’une fraction des gains de marges, ). Les ressources préfinancées, les outils de récupération, et les pouvoirs d’évaluation (assessment powers) des plus importantes CCPs européennes et américaines sont étudiés afin d’évaluer l’exposition possible de leurs membres. Des règles de répartition des pertes et l’impact des nouveaux régimes de résolution sur la liquidité contingente sont aussi considérés. Il ressort de cette analyse que, sous un scénario stressé (couverture 2), la qualité de la base des membres s’érode considérablement, compromettant la capacité des membres à fournir des liquidités contingentes et à maintenir la résilience de la chambre de compensation. Enfin, l’ensemble des CCPs européens est scruté en utilisant des données publiques. Des nouveaux outils ont été développés ; ils permettent de comparer les activités des CCPs européens, leur degré d’interconnexion, et le risque de liquidité auquel fait face une CCP dans le cadre de ses activités du réinvestissement. Ces outils permettent de montrer que, dans le cas d’une crise systémique, plusieurs CCPs pourraient poser des problèmes sévères pour la stabilité du système financier<br>No English summary available
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Passerotti, Denis Camargo. "O orçamento como instrumento de intervenção no domínio econômico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-20052016-105731/.
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Este trabalho versa sobre a utilização do orçamento público como instrumento de intervenção no domínio econômico, demonstrando, em síntese, de que forma o Estado utiliza, ou ao menos deveria utilizar, o orçamento público como instrumento de planejamento de suas ações e de intervenção na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada. Tem-se por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão jurídica de diversas questões atinentes à elaboração e execução da peça orçamentária federal, aos reflexos causados na economia e na atividade desempenhada pela iniciativa privada, especialmente no que toca à realização das receitas e despesas públicas, à elaboração das leis orçamentárias Plano Plurianual (PPA), Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) e Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e, também, aos interesses, às paixões e ideologias envolvidas em todo o processo financeiro. Para tanto, inicialmente, estuda o papel do Estado, distinguindo os campos de atuação privada e aquele reservado à Administração Pública, os modos de intervenção e aqueles aplicados à hipótese analisada, para, em seguida, proceder à análise da peça orçamentária, sua concepção atual e relevância para a iniciativa privada, o que possibilita, então, tratar de questões que envolvam as receitas públicas, em específico as tributárias e as despesas públicas. Por fim, trata do crédito público e, com isso, procura evidenciar de que forma, sob a ótica do orçamento público e nos limites legais de atuação do Estado, as previsões constantes do orçamento podem funcionar como instrumento de promoção, incentivo e estímulo, ou, em sentido contrário, limitar, frear ou desestimular o crescimento econômico e a atividade desenvolvida pela iniciativa privada.<br>This paper deals with the use of public budget as means of intervening in the economic control, demonstrating, in summary, how the Government uses, or at least should use, the public budget as means of planning its actions and any intervention in activities that the private initiative performs. The purpose is to contribute to the legal understanding of various issues pertaining to federal budget preparation and execution, the reflection caused to the economy and the activity performed by the private initiative. It especially regards the realization of public revenues and expenses, preparation of budgetary laws Multiannual Plan (PPA), Annual Budgetary Law (LOA) and Budgetary Directives Law (LDO) , as well as, interests, passions and ideology involved along the entire financial process. Therefore, it is initially assessed the Government role, distinguishing the fields reserved to private sector and that to Public Authorities; moreover, the intervention modalities and those applied to event of levy analyzed, to, then, proceed to the budget analysis, its current design and relevance for the private initiative. It allows the address of issues comprising public revenues, specifically, tax revenues and public expenses. Finally, it regards public credit and, it seeks to evidence how, from the public budget perspective and within the legal boundaries of Government performance, the forecast included to the budget may operate as instrument of promotion, incentive and motivation, or, otherwise, limit, hinder or discourage economic growth and private sector activities.
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Devaux-Spatarakis, Agathe. "La méthode expérimentale par assignation aléatoire : un instrument de recomposition de l'interaction entre sciences sociales et action publique en France ?" Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0218/document.
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Depuis le début des années 2000, le recours à la méthodeexpérimentale par assignation aléatoire pour évaluer les dispositifs publicsconnait un essor mondial sans précédent. Cette méthode scientifique estprésentée par ses promoteurs comme la plus rigoureuse pour estimer l’impactd’une intervention ainsi que la mieux à même de favoriser la prise en comptedes preuves scientifiques par les décideurs politiques. Son utilisation dans lecadre de l’evidence-based policy nous amène à considérer cette méthodecomme un instrument, une institution sociale, visant à organiser unapprentissage commun entre les acteurs de l’action publique et les acteursscientifiques. L’observation de cette interaction constitue le coeur de ce travailde recherche. Ce dernier étudie comment l’inscription de ses parties prenantesdans leurs champs d’action stratégiques respectifs conditionne l’usage de cetteméthode sur le territoire français. Celle-ci se décline alors, en une variété desites institutionnels témoignant des oppositions entre les pratiques, les intérêts,et les modèles d’apprentissages des acteurs la composant. Notre analyse de15 études de cas de son utilisation sur le territoire français, révèle les tensionsinhérentes à l’application de cette méthode sur de nouveaux dispositifsd’intervention sociale, et questionne ses capacités à produire un apprentissagecommun entre acteurs de l’action publique et acteurs scientifiques<br>The start of the XXIst century witnessed an unprecedenteduse of randomized controlled trials to assess public programs across theworld. This scientific method has been championed as the most rigorous toassess the impact of public intervention. It has promoted the use ofscientific evidence by policy makers through the evidence-based policymovement. Therefore, this method is to be understood as a socialinstitution whose aim is to organize a joint learning between policy actorsand scientists. The study of this interaction is the core of this dissertation,which analyzes how stakeholders’ memberships to their respective strategicaction fields drive this method's use in France. Through the execution ofthis method, we observe a range of different institutional sites. They aretestimonies of the opposing practices, interests and learning patterns of theactors involved. This dissertation analyses 15 case studies of this method'simplementation in France. It reveals the inherent tensions at work in its useon new social programs, and challenges this method's ability to produce ajoint learning between policy actors and scientists
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Ferguson, Yann. "Politiser l'action publique : une approche par les instruments : le cas du programme Constellation." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20026/document.
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Les grands projets urbains sont devenus des éléments indispensables des stratégies de développement local, dans un contexte de compétition entre les territoires. Leur pilotage nécessite souvent une remise en question des formes organisationnelles convenues de l'action publique. Ainsi, le programme Constellation, opération toulousaine réunissant une zone industrielle et deux éco-quartiers, a été l’occasion de ré-instruire les connaissances et les pratiques urbaines locales. Ce processus se matérialise dans des instruments d’action délibérément mobilisés pour domestiquer l’incertitude générée par la mise à distance du fonctionnement traditionnel du système de fabrication de la ville. Ces instruments, qui peuvent être des chartes, des équipes-projets, des procédures de désignation d’urbanistes ou d’architectes, des normes qualité ou des bases-vie de chantier, mobilisent de nouveaux acteurs et de nouvelles formes managériales. Les usagers leur attribuent une capacité à transformer la culture du projet urbain. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les acteurs instrumentent leur action en situation d’incertitude. Elle montre que l’action instrumentée active quatre types de médiation, pragmatique, épistémique, interactive et symbolique, dont les combinaisons produisent quatre mécanismes de confinement des problèmes : la socialisation et la communalisation, la sélection et la socialisation. L’ensemble rend compte d’une politisation de l’action, dans la mesure où les instruments transforment la nature des échanges, passant d’échanges économiques à des échanges politiques<br>Large urban projects have come to play an indispensible part in local development strategies, in the context of competition between areas. Their successful conduct often requires calling into question conventional ways of organizing public action. The Constellation project in Toulouse, including an industrial zone and two eco-neighborhoods, provides an occasion to re-examine local urban knowledge and practices. This process is seen in the tools used deliberately to calm the incertitude caused by departures from traditional ways of building cities. They can include charters, team projects, procedural designations of urbanists and architects, drawing up of quality standards and managing on-site locales. They mobilize new participants and new forms of management. Users of the site accredit them with an ability to transform an urban project’s culture. This doctoral thesis intends to provide an understanding of how participants use these tools in a situation of uncertainty. It shows how action involves four types of mediation: pragmatic, epistemic, interactive, and symbolic. Combinations of these produce four mechanisms for delimiting problems: association and community building, selection and socialization. The whole gives an account of the politicization of action insofar as the tools transform the nature of exchanges, from economic to political ones
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Bissou, William II Paulin. "Approche par les instruments de l’action publique au Cameroun : le cas de la planification urbaine des villes de Douala et Yaoundé." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMD003.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur les instruments d’action publique de planification urbaine dans les villes de Douala et Yaoundé. Elle s’inscrit dans la dynamique des recherches sur le politique en Afrique. Elle interroge la trajectoire de l’Etat à travers son déploiement dans un domaine concret de politique publique qui est la planification urbaine.Deux cadres géographiques ont été mobilisés pour mener cette étude à savoir Douala la capitale économique du pays et Yaoundé la capitale politique.46 entretiens, le recueil des documents d’archives et de travail, ainsi que l’observation non participante ont servi à construire une analyse de sociologie politique reposant sur les rapports gouvernants/gouvernés. Les principaux résultats de l’étude montrent une forme de réappropriation des instruments d’action publique et une contextualisation de la planification urbaine influencées par les dynamiques propres à chaque territoire. L’élaboration des instruments d’action publique ainsi que leur mobilisation dans le cadre de la planification évoluent en fonction de la nature de l’Etat. Cette approche par les instruments permet d’avoir une vue globale sur le secteur de l’urbanisme et les politiques de développement élaborées par le Cameroun depuis l’époque coloniale jusque nos jours. Cette politique de planification urbaine qui émerge dans le contexte colonial se veut d’abord territoriale avant de se sectoriser avec la mise en place des plans FIDES. L’Etat post-indépendant va hériter de cette orientation sectorielle. Face aux difficultés récurrentes et au vu des défis contemporains de la gouvernance urbaine, la tendance est désormais à une (re)territorialisation de cette action publique<br>This Phd thesis focuses on public policy instruments for urban planning in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. It is part of the dynamics of political research in Africa. It questions the trajectory of the state through its deployment in a concrete area of public policy, which is urban planning.Two geographical locations were mobilized to carry out this study, namely Douala the economic capital of the country and Yaounde the political capital.46 interviews, the collection of archival and working documents, as well as the non-participant observation were used to build an analysis of the political sociology based on the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The main results of the study concern a form of reappropriation of public action instruments and a contextualization of urban planning based on the specific realities of each territory. The development of public policy instruments as well as their mobilization within the framework of planning evolves according to the nature of the state. This instrument-based approach provides a comprehensive view of the urban planning sector and the development policies developed by Cameroon from the colonial era till date. This urban planning policy, which emerges in the colonial context, is primarily a territorial before becoming sectored policy with the establishment of the FIDES plans. The post-independent state will inherit this sector orientation. Faced with recurrent difficulties and considering the contemporary challenges of urban governance, the trend is now towards a (re) territorialization of this public action
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Archipavas, Julianne Alves Naporano. "Instrumentos de ação pública: um estudo no Vale do Ribeira a partir do CONSAD e do CODIVAR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-10042017-215226/.
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O CODIVAR (Consórcio de Desenvolvimento Intermunicipal do Vale do Ribeira) e o CONSAD (Consórcio de Segurança Alimentar e Desenvolvimento Local) são dois instrumentos de ação pública criados no Vale do Ribeira - SP com o objetivo de promover cooperação para o desenvolvimento, a partir de diferentes referências. No caso do CODIVAR, sua origem é bottom-up a partir de iniciativa voluntária dos prefeitos e da influência externa do nível estadual representado por Franco Montoro e seus ideais progressistas; é configurado em uma estrutura decisória restrita aos prefeitos. No caso do CONSAD, sua origem é top-down a partir do contexto das políticas de desenvolvimento territorial propostas pelo nível federal representado por Lula e fundamentado pela retórica participativa de seu discurso eleitoral; é configurado em uma estrutura decisória que concede poder de participação e capacidade de deliberação para a sociedade civil, proporcionando-lhe protagonismo. Ao longo do tempo e do movimento de interação com os atores que se apropriaram destes instrumentos de acordo com suas lógicas e interesses, os objetivos que motivaram sua criação mudaram de trajetória. Assim, os instrumentos passaram a ser inercialmente conduzidos, assumindo vida própria a partir de novas representações. Este movimento de apropriação do espaço do Vale do Ribeira pelos atores permitiu a construção social de dois territórios sobrepostos, organizados por conexões e lógicas de atuação distintas (embora igualmente amesquinhadas) que geram tensões e impossibilidade de articulação e cooperação. Além disso, este movimento permite entender como foram construídas relações de atraso no interior destes instrumentos. No caso do CODIVAR, tais relações explicam sua capacidade de permanência legitimada no espaço de ação pública do Vale do Ribeira, enquanto no CONSAD desenharam caminhos que levaram ao esvaziamento do fórum.<br>CODIVAR (Intermunicipal Consortium for the Development of the Ribeira Valley) and CONSAD (Consortium for Food Security and Local Development) and are two public action instruments created in the Ribeira Valley, São Paulo state, Brazil, with the aim of promoting cooperation for development from different references. In the case of CODIVAR, its origin is \"bottom-up\" from voluntary initiative of the mayors and the external influence of the state level government represented by Franco Montoro and his progressive ideals; It is set in a decision-making structure restricted to mayors. In the case of CONSAD, its origin is \"top-down\" from the context of territorial development policies proposed by the federal level represented by Lula and grounded by the participatory rhetoric of his election speech; It is set in a decision-making structure that empowers participation and deliberation capacity for civil society, making it the protagonist. Over time and throughout the movement of interaction with the actors who have appropriated these instruments according to their logic and interests, the goals that motivated instruments creation changed their trajectory. Thus, the instruments started being inertially conducted, taking life from new representations. This appropriation movement of the Ribeira Valley by the actors allowed the social construction of two overlapping territories, organized by distinct connections and logics of action (though both contaminated by personal and political interests) that generate tension and impossibility of articulation and cooperation. Furthermore, this movement allows to understand how delayed relations were constructed within these instruments. In the case of CODIVAR such relations explain its legitimate staying power in public action space of the Ribeira Valley, while in CONSAD such relations drew paths that led the forum to emptying process.
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Meireles, Renata Nadalin. "Interação público-privada no ambiente urbano: uma análise dos instrumentos jurídicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-21012015-083549/.
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A tão conhecida segmentação dos direitos em público e privado, marcante nos sistemas jurídicos romanísticos, têm sido alvo de questionamentos em razão de sua insuficiência para explicar fenômenos que não mais se reconduzem a uma ou outra rubrica. Tem-se, dessa forma, que os setores público e privado estão cada vez mais imbricados, o que demanda do jurista e dos legisladores a criação de novas categorias e instrumentos, ou mesmo um câmbio de interpretação no tocante a categorias antigas. O Urbanismo, a sua vez, é fértil em oferecer exemplos de imbricação entre público e privado, uma vez que o ambiente da urbe é prenhe de manifestação dos mais diversos interesses que, mais e mais, têm sido objeto de acolhimento pelo ordenamento jurídico. Nesse quadro, a dissertação propõe-se a demonstrar como o ambiente urbano constantemente desafia a divisão rígida entre público e privado, para, na sequência, se dedicar à análise: (i) dos mecanismos de participação na concertação público-privada, com foco, sobretudo, na definição das políticas públicas de cunho urbanístico; (ii) e dos instrumentos contratuais entendidos de forma ampla cada vez mais utilizados na formatação das operações urbanísticas<br>The well known division between public and private law, classical in romanistic legal systems, has suffered considerable challenges due to its insufficiency to explain issues that may not be included in one or another side. As a consequence, private and public are more and more integrated which demands from jurists and legislators the creation of new categories and instruments or even the change of interpretation of old conceptions. Urbanism, on its turn, is a fertile soil in offering examples of the integration between private and public, since the environment of the city is rich in manifestations of the most diverse interests, which, more and more, are being accepted and considered by the legal orders. In this scenario, this essay aims at demonstrating how the urban environment frequently challenges the rigid division between public and private and thus will be dedicated to analyze (i) the mechanisms of joint participation of public and private players in the definition of public policies of urban issues; and (ii) the contractual instruments understood broadly widely used to the implementation of urban projects.
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Lapostolle, Dany. "L'ingénierie territoriale vue des pays : une bureaucratie professionnelle territoriale en gestation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20016/document.
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L’étude de l’ingénierie territoriale dans les Pays du Beaujolais et du Roannais en Rhône Alpes, en liaison avec de nombreux autres dispositifs (Contrats d’agglomération, Contrats Territoriaux Emploi Formation, Leader) met en lumière une tendance forte à la recentralisation de la gestion publique territoriale.L’ingénierie territoriale est une bureaucratie professionnelle territoriale coincée entre les injonctions autoritaires de l’État et les velléités d’autonomie du pouvoir local. D’un côté, on observe que l’Europe, les services centraux de l’État diffusent des représentations et les bonnes pratiques aussi strictes que les règles impersonnelles du modèle bureaucratique wébérien. De l’autre côté, les pouvoirs locaux, face aux insuffisances des services déconcentrés de l’État structurent une ingénierie territoriale composite pour se doter de l’expertise nécessaire à leur stratégie de développement. Paradoxalement, c’est dans le cadre des politiques constitutives, que le pouvoir local en se dotant d’un appareil d’expertise, gage d’autonomie, crée les conditions de son propre contrôle et de sa soumission au régime d’agence qui s’impose comme nouveau mode de régulation de l’action publique au détriment de la négociation contractuelle.En d’autres termes, les instruments d’action publique et les savoir mobilisés par l’ingénierie territoriale dans la démarche de projet participent d’une technologie de gouvernement qui ne met pas fin à la rationalité bureaucratique, elle la transforme<br>The study of territorial engineering in two “Pays” (rural areas) of the Rhône-Alpes Region – the “Beaujolais” and the “Roannais”, linked to a number of other measures (urban area contracts, territory/employment/training contracts, Leader) reveals a strong trend towards re-centralising the public management of territories.Territorial engineering is a professional bureaucracy caught between authoritarian dictates from the State and local authority desires for autonomy. On one hand, Europe and central State services convey representations and good practices as strict as the impersonal rules of Weber’s model of bureaucracy. On the other hand, local authorities, faced with the insufficiencies of decentralised State services construct their own composite territorial engineering to acquire the expertise necessary for their development strategies. Paradoxically, it is in the context of constitutive policies that local authorities, in acquiring a system of expertise – guarantee of autonomy, create the conditions of their own control and their submission to an agency system which asserts itself as the new way of regulating public action to the detriment of contractual negotiation.In other words, the instruments of public action and the expertise mobilized by territorial engineering in project planning participate in a technology of governance which, rather than bringing bureaucratic rationality to an end, transform it
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Dagher, Rania. "Recherche de petites molécules bioactives sur la calmoduline : Outils de recherche pour analyser son rôle dans le signal calcique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/DAGHER_Rania_2008.pdf.
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Messaoudene, Leïla. "L'action publique liée à l'alimentation et les stratégies des entreprises de l'industrie alimentaire en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1127.
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Le mix instrumental de la politique alimentaire française induit une responsabilisation des acteurs de l’industrie agroalimentaire. Toutefois, ce partage d’enjeux est traversé par des logiques contradictoires. Dans cette étude, nous proposons d’analyser dans quelle mesure les instruments de l’action publique liée à l’alimentation interagissent avec les stratégies des entreprises de l’industrie alimentaire française.Pour y parvenir, nous nous appuyons en particulier sur la logique instrumentale de la politique alimentaire, l’approche par les parties prenantes et la théorie néo-institutionnelle. Nous analysons, grâce à la méthode de l’étude de cas unique, enchâssée, les réactions stratégiques d’une pluralité d’acteurs autour de la politique alimentaire.Cette étude contribue à l’analyse des politiques publiques, dans une perspective organisationnelle en l’appliquant au domaine de l’alimentation.Cette recherche a aussi permis d’identifier des modalités de renouvellement de l’action publique, avec une figure étatique qui se renforce. L’Etat, grâce à la mobilisation intelligente de ces parties prenantes, augmente sa capacité d’influence sur certains pans de la société et de la vie quotidienne des citoyens. Finalement, il semblerait que le désengagement observé de l’Etat soit dans certains domaines à relativiser. Derrière un effacement apparent, l’Etat continue à jouer son rôle mais selon des modalités renouvelées, sans doute plus adaptées au contexte actuel<br>The instrumental mix of French food policy induces a responsibility to the players in the food industry . However, this share issue is crossed by conflicting logics. In this study , we propose to analyze to what extent the instruments of public policy related to food interact with the business strategies of the French food industry.To achieve this, we rely particularly on the approach by stakeholders . We analyze , using the method of the single case study , embedded , strategic reactions of a plurality of actors around food policy.This study contributes to the analysis of public policies, an organizational perspective by applying it to the field of nutrition.This research also identified renewal terms of public policy , with a state figure is increasing. The State, through intelligent engagement of these stakeholders , increases its influence on some sections of society and daily life of citizens.Finally , it seems that the disengagement of the state is observed in some areas relative. Behind an apparent deletion, the state continues to play its role, but in a manner renewed, probably more suited to the current context
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Nahum, Noemie Nelly. "Projeto urbano: instrumento de di?logo?" Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/979.
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-30<br>Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas<br>It is proposed to reflect the research from the point of view of theory and practice, considering them inseparably related to the process of methodological reconstruction in the applied social sciences, especially in the area of architecture and urbanism. The discussion involves the development of an urban projectc in the Village neighborhood in Campinas, S?o Paulo, understanding it as a political and technical vehicle for dialogue among the social agents involved in it. Urban regeneration of public spaces is privileged, taking into account that, under dialogical conditions, the collective subject can guide the treatment of daily territory.<br>Prop?e-se refletir a pesquisa do ponto de vista da teoria e da pr?tica, considerando-as indissociavelmente relacionadas ao processo de reconstru??o metodol?gica nas ci?ncias sociais aplicadas, especialmente na ?rea de arquitetura e urbanismo.
A discuss?o envolve o desenvolvimento de um projeto urbano no bairro Village em Campinas, S?o Paulo, compreendendo-o como ve?culo pol?tico e t?cnico de di?logo entre os agentes sociais nele envolvidos. Privilegia-se a requalifica??o urbana dos espa?os livres p?blicos, levando em conta que, sob condi??es dial?gicas, o sujeito coletivo possa orientar o tratamento do territ?rio cotidiano.
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Nawrot, Wioletta. "Les certificats de dépôt en actions : un instrument nouveau du financement des sociétés polonaises par l'intermédiaire des bourses étrangères : impact sur la Bourse de Varsovie." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010006.
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Les certificats de dépôt en actions sont des instruments financiers, émis par la banque dépositaire, qui garantissent indirectement l'accès au capital d'une société étrangère. Ils sont émis à la place des actions cotées à la bourse domestique (dans le pays du siège de l'émetteur) et sont introduits en bourse étrangère. Contenu de la thèse : motifs et facteurs de financement des sociétés aux bourses étrangères, certificats de dépôt en actions-genèse, procédure d'émission et fonctionnement, conditions formelles et juridiques de l'émission et négociations en certificats de dépôt en actions des sociétés polonaises sur les principaux marchés étrangers, programmes des certificats de dépôt en action réalisés par les sociétés polonaises, impact sur la Bourse de Varsovie (partie empirique).
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Blanski, Márcia Beatriz Schneider. "Gestão de custos como instrumento de governança pública: um modelo de custeio para os hospitais públicos do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1195.
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PPSUS<br>A gestão de custos, em qualquer organização, proporciona uma série de benefícios, como a segurança na boa administração dos recursos, porém é pouco utilizada na área hospitalar pública, o que se configura como um paradoxo, frente à complexidade da organização hospitalar e à situação de subfinanciamento da saúde. Sendo assim, a questão de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: Qual a contribuição de um modelo de custeio para a governança pública nas unidades hospitalares próprias do Estado do Paraná? Este estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de custeio para a gestão de custos em hospitais públicos administrados diretamente pelo Estado, como proposta de aprimoramento para controle, transparência, orçamentação e planejamento das ações estratégicas de saúde. Tal estudo mostra-se relevante, uma vez que a área hospitalar é bastante complexa, tornando-se ferramenta útil para tomada de decisão sobre investimentos, alterações de perfil de atendimento, utilização de capacidade ociosa, ampliações de serviços, entre outros. O sistema de saúde público brasileiro necessita de máxima eficiência, tendo em vista os direitos universais garantidos pela Constituição Federal. Assim, justifica-se pela complexidade hospitalar, um cenário de elevada evolução de custos, seja pela mudança do perfil demográfico e epidemiológico, como o envelhecimento da população brasileira e o crescente número de doenças crônicas, bem como pela crescente evolução tecnológica e seu incremento acelerado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação com base no levantamento de resultados de pesquisas similares para análise da aplicação do modelo de custeio para organizações hospitalares, bem como a análise empírica das informações existentes em dois hospitais selecionados. Com base nos conceitos teóricos e empíricos da aplicação da metodologia de custo por absorção, gera elementos para melhor compreensão do problema para desenvolver o modelo de custeio. A avaliação dos resultados se constitui em importante instrumento de gestão dos hospitais e da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, pois permite aos dirigentes maior segurança diante das dificuldades e desafios impostos nesse segmento, caso contrário há uma restrição ainda maior na gestão, no financiamento e operacionalização dos hospitais públicos.<br>Cost management brings about several benefits to any type of organization, such as the certainty that resources are well managed, but it is not much used by the public hospital sector, what is a paradox seeing that hospital management is complex and public health faces an under-financing situation. Based on the aforementioned facts, the present study aims at answering the following question: What is the contribution of costing models to public governance in the State of Paraná public hospitals? So, the study objective is to propose a costing management model addressed to improve health strategy control, transparency, budget and planning actions in public hospitals directly managed by the State of Paraná. Since the hospital sector is complex, our study is highly relevant as a helping tool to: investment decision-making processes, changes of healthcare profile, use of spare capacity and service improvement, among others. Considering the universal rights ensured by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the country public health system needs to show maximum efficiency. In addition to hospital complexity, the sector increased costs are justified by the change of demographic and epidemiological profiles, Brazilian population aging, chronic disease growth, increased technological evolution and development. The research/action is based on the results of similar researches addressed to analyze the application of costing models addressed to hospital organization, as well as on the empiric analysis of data existing in two hospitals selected by the study. By applying the theoretical and empiric costing absorption methodology, our study provides elements to help understanding the problems involved in the costing model development. Result assessment is an important tool which permits Hospital and the State Health Department managers to deal with the sector challenges and difficulties more easily, since it helps lessen the restrictions imposed to public hospital management, financing and operation.
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Xing, Jingyue. "Dynamiques des groupes professionnels et new public management : l’introduction des instruments d’action publique dans la tarification des Établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE066.
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Quel est l’impact du New Public Management sur la dynamique des groupes professionnels ? De quelle manière le gouvernement par les instruments d’action publique modèle-t-il le quotidien des travailleurs qui y sont confrontés ? Nous proposons de répondre à cette question à partir de l’étude de la conception, de la mise en œuvre et de l’appropriation des indicateurs et outils inspirés du NPM, et appliqués à la tarification des Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes (EHPAD). Cette thèse se fonde sur une enquête ethnographique multisite de longue durée, menée par entretien et par observation dans trois régions de France métropolitaine, et complétée par l’étude d’archives publiques et privées. Ses sept chapitres s’attachent à comprendre comment les concepteurs, les metteurs en œuvre intermédiaires et les administrés se saisissent des outils aux échelles nationales, régionales, départementales et organisationnelles. En s’inspirant de la sociologie de l’action publique, de la sociologie des professions et de la sociologie de la quantification, l’analyse montre la diversité des rapports entre les instruments d’action publique et les groupes professionnels. Certains groupes, comme les tarificateurs des conseils départementaux ou une partie des médecins gériatres, ont créé leurs propres outils de quantification grâce aux marges de manœuvre laissées par les cadres nationaux, renforçant ainsi leur pouvoir et gagnant en reconnaissance professionnelle et institutionnelle. D’autres groupes, comme les tarificateurs de l’administration d’Etat, les directeurs et les médecins coordonnateurs des EHPAD, voient les modalités et le contenu de leur travail transformés plus en profondeur, faisant face à un contrôle organisationnel et administratif renforcé. Cette différenciation du rapport aux outils entre les groupes et entre les sous-groupes professionnels dépend à la fois de leur positionnement dans les rapports de pouvoir à différentes échelles, et des caractéristiques socio-démographiques de leurs membres. En conclusion, l’enquête montre plusieurs déclinaisons de l’introduction du NPM dans les pratiques professionnelles. Si certains sous-groupes y trouvent une opportunité d’amplifier leur pouvoir d’action, la nouvelle gestion publique ne bouleverse cependant pas fondamentalement les structures de pouvoir existantes<br>What’s the impact of the New Public Management (NPM) on the occupational group dynamics? How does the government’s use of public policy tools affect the daily lives of the workers confronted to it? We suggest to answer to these questions studying the design, application and appropriation of these indexes and tools inspired by the NPM in the field of nursing home funding allocation. This thesis is based on long-term multi-site ethnographic fieldwork, through interview and observation, in three French regions, and is complemented by research in public and private archives. In its seven chapters, we aim to understand how the conceivers, the intermediate users and the targets appropriate these tools at the national, regional, departmental and organisation levels. Crossing the fields of public policy sociology, profession sociology and quantification sociology, our analysis shows the diverse relationships between public policy tools and professional groups. Some groups, like the departmental council funding assessors, or some geriatric doctors, have created their own quantitative tools in agreement with the national government, strengthening their power and accruing their professional and institutional recognition. Other groups, like the central government funding assessors and the directors and coordinating doctors of the nursing homes find their work deeply transformed, facing a stricter organisational and administrative control. These different relationships of the professional groups and subgroups with the tools depend both on their position in the hierarchy of power, and on the sociodemographic characteristics of their members. Therefore, this study shows multiple shades in the effects of NPM in the professional practice. If some groups find an opportunity to amplify their power of action, the new public management does not overturn the existing power framework
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Pires, Plínio de Melo. "SISTEMA DE COTAS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE AÇÃO AFIRMATIVA. ESTUDO SOBRE O INGRESSO DE NEGROS NO FUNCIONALISMO PÚBLICO BRASILEIRO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2722.
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-26<br>This study presents a research regarding affirmative action for black people entering the
Brazilian public service. The approach was mainly based on the bibliography search
method and aims to highlight the affirmative public policies which use the ethnic character
to ensure the access of black people to fundamental rights. The focus is legal, considering
the extreme interdisciplinary of this theme, which requires constant reflection on its
philosophical, sociological, political and economic developments. The reason for and
relevance of this research is strongly related to the recent Law 12.990 of 09 June 2014,
establishing the reserve for black people of 20% (twenty percent) of the positions offered in
effective posts and government jobs within the federal government, local authorities, public
foundations, public companies and joint stock companies controlled by the Union. That is
one reason why it becomes important to focus on this new applicability of racial quotas
which aims to foster equality provided for in the country s Constitution. Therefore, the
research is based on historical and legal analysis of the constitutional principle of equality,
its meaning and scope, starting from the conception of the existence of diversity and
difference among citizens. In addition, the objective aspects of affirmative action are
contrasted with recent discussions and considerations about unequal treatment that is
justifiable and its clash with the meritocratic nature of the disputes for government jobs. It
is worth mentioning also that this research work has its origin in important national and
international precedents, such as the judgment of Breach Action Fundamental Principle n
186 by the Brazilian Supreme Court. These may serve as guidelines to be taken into
consideration when implementing these new policies. Henceforth, based on the principle
of equal opportunities for all, this new model presents a chance to step up the process of
inclusion of black people.<br>O estudo apresenta pesquisa realizada a respeito das ações afirmativas para ingresso de
negros no serviço público brasileiro. Toda a abordagem, preponderantemente realizada a
partir do método bibliográfico de pesquisa, tem por objetivo elucidar as políticas públicas
de caráter afirmativo que utilizam o caráter étnico para garantir o acesso de negros na
fruição de direitos fundamentais. O enfoque é jurídico, em que pese a extrema
interdisciplinaridade do tema, que requer uma constante reflexão sobre seus
desdobramentos filosóficos, sociológicos, políticos e econômicos. A justificativa, a
atualidade e o destaque do tema encontram-se na recente edição da Lei 12.990, de 09 de
junho de 2014, que instituiu a reserva aos negros 20% (vinte por cento) das vagas
oferecidas nos concursos públicos para provimento de cargos efetivos e empregos
públicos no âmbito da administração pública federal, das autarquias, das fundações
públicas, das empresas públicas e das sociedades de economia mista controladas pela
União, razão pela qual se torna relevante enfocar essa nova aplicabilidade das cotas
raciais que tem como pressuposto a mitigação da igualdade prevista constitucionalmente.
Para tanto, a pesquisa se baseia numa análise histórica e jurídica do princípio
constitucional da igualdade, seus significados e alcances, partindo-se da concepção da
existência das diversidades e da diferença entre os cidadãos. Além disso, confrontam-se
os aspectos objetivos das ações afirmativas com novas discussões embasadas na
verificação de um tratamento desigual que seja justificável e o seu embate com o caráter
meritocrático das disputas dessa natureza. Insta mencionar, ainda, que o trabalho parte
de imperiosos precedentes, nacionais e internacionais, como é o caso do julgamento da
Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 186 pelo Supremo Tribunal
Federal, como referenciais a serem averiguados para a nova implementação dessas
políticas públicas. Destarte, a partir de uma nova concepção baseada na igualdade de
oportunidades a todos, tem-se com esse modelo uma nova chance de intensificar os
processos de inclusão dos negros.
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Moraes, Ana Carvalho Ferreira Bueno de. "A Defensoria Pública como instrumento de acesso à justiça." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8670.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This study investigates the performance of the Public Defense institution, in the
search for actual access to courts.
The principle of access to courts is the purpose of this work, which analyzes its
hindrances and the ways to overcome them.
Accordingly, the exposition discusses the right to free legal assistance, as
established by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, as well as the addressees
thereof, and the way to implement it through Pro Bono Lawyers.
Thus, the institution of the Public Defense is carefully studied, through the analysis
of its characteristics, principles, attributions and institutional bodies; prohibitions,
guarantees, prerogatives and the responsibilities of the members of the Public
Defense Office, as provided for in Complementary Law No. 80/1994 and in State
Laws, with especial focus on Law No. 988/2006 of the State of São Paulo, since that
legal instrument presented several novelties and advancements in the performance of
the institution.
Besides this, the study focuses on the performance of Pro Bono Lawyers in class
actions.
Finally, the work discusses extrajudicial performances, with emphasis on
alternative means to settle conflicts (conciliation, mediation and arbitration), to be
developed by the Public Defense Office, in addition to proactive performances of the
institution in the education of the rights of the needy population<br>O presente estudo investiga a atuação da instituição da Defensoria Pública na
busca pelo efetivo acesso à justiça.
O princípio do acesso à justiça é o objeto deste trabalho, que analisa seus
obstáculos e formas para superá-los.
Nesse contexto, a dissertação trata do direito à assistência jurídica, consagrado
na Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como seus destinatários e sua forma de
implementação por meio da Defensoria Pública.
Assim, a instituição da Defensoria Pública é cuidadosamente estudada,
analisando-se suas características, princípios, atribuições e órgãos institucionais;
vedações, garantias, prerrogativas e as responsabilidades dos membros da Defensoria
Pública, previstos na Lei Complementar n. 80/1994, bem como em Leis Estaduais, com
enfoque na Lei paulista n. 988/2006, uma vez que esse diploma legal apresentou
diversas novidades e avanços na atuação da instituição.
Ademais, o estudo aborda a atuação da Defensoria Pública nas demandas
coletivas.
Finalmente, o trabalho trata das atuações extrajudiciais, com destaque para os
meios alternativos de composição de conflitos (conciliação, mediação e arbitragem) a
serem desenvolvidos pela Defensoria Pública, além das atuações proativas da referida
instituição na educação de direitos da população carente
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Lapijover, Alice. "Révéler la dimension socio-politique des interactions entre pêcheries et petits cétacés dans le golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS029/document.
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Regarder la mer comme un espace politique et social implique de dépasser les frontières et les disciplines. L’exercice est passionnant mais nécessite de rebattre les cartes. Cette thèse a ainsi comme ambitieux objectif de comprendre comment les humains observent et gèrent l’environnement marin, et comment ils parviennent, ou non, à échanger autour des représentations ainsi obtenues. Le célèbre exemple d’Antoine de Saint-Exupéry devrait suffire à donner une idée du défi à relever. Là où certains voient un chapeau d’autres imaginent un serpent boa qui digère un éléphant ; à nous, alors, de chercher à dessiner au travers de ce travail une description à la fois simple et précise des points de vue des humains sur ce qui les entoure ; des scientifiques, des décideurs et des pêcheurs sur les interactions entre pêcheries et petits cétacés dans le golfe de Gascogne puisque c’est le sujet qui nous intéresse. Nous nous sommes donc demandé comment observer les positionnements stratégiques des acteurs sur les captures accidentelles de petits cétacés dans le Golfe de Gascogne pour rétablir des relations de confiance et de dialogue entre les acteurs ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mis en place un processus participatif d’accompagnement des acteurs pour construire une vision partagée de l’environnement marin. A l’aide de cette méthode, nous avons montré que l’environnement marin est un construit scientifique et qu’il est nécessaire de le construire politiquement et socialement pour y intégrer la complexité nécessaire à une gestion réellement durable des interactions entre activités humaines et écosystème marin. A ce titre, les instruments d’observation et de gestion de l’environnement jouent un rôle central comme nous l’expliquerons dans le cadre de cette thèse<br>Looking at the sea as political and social space involves reaching across borders and disciplines. The task is thrilling but requires reshuffling the cards. Thus, this thesis ambitious objective is to understand how humans observe and manage the marine environment, and how they achieve, or not, to exchange around the obtained representations. The famous example of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry should give us an idea of the challenges to overcome. Where some see a hat, others imagine a boa snake digesting an elephant. So, in this study, our job is to draw a simple but precise description of humans’ points of view on their surroundings. More precisely, we focus on scientists, decision-makers and fishermen’s points of view on interactions between fisheries and small cetaceans in the Bay of Biscay (France). Therefore, we wondered how to observe stakeholders’ strategic positions on small cetacean bycatch in the Bay of Biscay to restore trust-based relationships and re-establish constructive dialogue among stakeholders. To answer this question, we set up a participatory process to support stakeholders in building a shared vision of the marine environment. By implementing this method, we showed that the marine environment is scientifically constructed. It also needs to be politically and socially constructed to incorporate the necessary complexity to sustainably manage interactions between human activities and marine ecosystems. As such, observation and management instruments of the marine environment play a central role as we will explain in this thesis
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Labat, Didier. "Le paysage, levier d'action dans la planification territoriale. Essai d'évaluation de la politique paysagère du SCOT de l’aire métropolitaine de Bordeaux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0045/document.
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La construction du projet de territoire dans les documents d’urbanisme procède d’une instrumentation de l’action publique pour répondre à des problématiques locales et systémiques. L’élaboration d’un schéma de cohérence territoriale métropolitain met en tension des rivalités d’intérêts. Pour mener à bien le projet, la recherche du consensus est la règle et limite ainsi sa dimension opérationnelle. Dans ce cadre d’interprétation, nous posons comme hypothèse que les politiques paysagères dans les documents d’urbanisme, ne sont pas le plus souvent suffisamment définies pour être mises en œuvre avec efficacité et atteindre leurs objectifs. En adoptant une démarche d’évaluation de la politique paysagère comme outil d’analyse de l’action publique, nous proposons d’analyser l’intervention du SYSDAU dans son schéma directeur de 2001. Cette évaluation suit quatre étapes : une analyse historique, une reconstitution des théories d’action, l’analyse de la compatibilité entre le schéma directeur et trois plans locaux d’urbanisme, et enfin, l’identification de la perception paysagère des populations. Les résultats permettent d’identifier l’efficacité des orientations paysagères, mais également leurs limites. La démarche d’évaluation vise non seulement à traduire l’impact de la politique paysagère du schéma directeur de 2001, mais également à comprendre les mécanismes de réussite ou d’échec des orientations. Les résultats montrent que le paysage constitue un outil de mobilisation et de légitimation de l’action publique, et révèle l’importance de la démarche paysagère dans les documents d’urbanisme. Nous pouvons ainsi proposer aux acteurs une évaluation de leur politique paysagère selon une démarche ex-post, pour identifier des leviers ou des pistes d’action et améliorer la formulation des politiques paysagères des SCOT à venir<br>The design of the territory project within urban plans comes from a public action instrumentation. The construction of a metropolitan master plan is the source of conflicting interests. In order to succeed in the project, seeking consensus is the rule, to the detriment of its operational aspects. In this context of interpretation, we have for hypothesis that the landscape policies in the urban plan’s aren’t enough defined for an efficient implementation to reach their objectives. Adopting a landscape policy assessment as a tool for the public action analysis, we propose to analyse the SYSDAU’s intervention in his 2001 urban plan. We have experienced a 4-step approach: a historical analysis, a reconstitution of the action theories, the compatibility analysis between the master plan and three different land use plans, and finally, the analysis of the way the population perceive the landscape. The results from this approach help in identifying the efficiency of the landscape scheme, but also its limits. The assessment aims at, not only explaining the impacts of landscape public policy in 2001, but also understanding their mechanisms, that lead to success or failure. The results show how important the landscape is in building a territory program, and it reveals the strength of a landscaped approach in any urban planning. So, we can now offer to the different actors an evaluation of their land policy following an “ex-post” approach, and thus, identify the leverages or the possible ways to improve the wording of the landscape policy of the SCOT to come
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Carvalho, Letícia Leal de. "A implementação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida e sua relação com a provisão de infraestrutura social: os casos de Guarulhos e Itaquaquecetuba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100138/tde-09012019-130040/.
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A ausência de investimentos em políticas habitacionais nas décadas passadas, aliada ao crescimento demográfico e às deficiências estruturais dos domicílios, eleva a grandes patamares a demanda por habitação nos estratos mais pobres da população o que evidencia a necessidade de intervenção do Estado. A presente dissertação, ao focalizar a Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS), representada especialmente pela faixa 1 do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), considera a política habitacional como integrante de um sistema maior de proteção social e que busca garantir o direito social à moradia, conforme assegurado pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A faixa em referência, atendida por meio do Fundo de Arrendamento Residencial (FAR), é a parte do Programa que fornece o maior percentual de subsídios e atende àquelas pessoas que não teriam acesso à moradia caso não contassem com o suporte governamental. Com base nessa realidade, esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal analisar as formas de articulação do PMCMV-FAR com outras estratégias de intervenção urbana no nível municipal e investigar se, e como, o Programa exerce influência na provisão de equipamentos públicos complementares à habitação. Para tanto foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, com o estudo de caso comparativo entre os municípios de Guarulhos e Itaquaquecetuba. O objetivo estabelecido pode ser justificado pela relevância do tema para a redução da vulnerabilidade social, pelo destaque que vem ocupando na agenda pública e por lacunas identificadas na literatura e, consequentemente, possibilidade de contribuição ao debate já existente e ao avanço do conhecimento. A perspectiva teórica utilizada é ao mesmo tempo histórica e sociológica e busca nas teorias da implementação uma complementariedade das perspectivas top down e bottom up para o desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo. Com a perspectiva top down foram consideradas as diretrizes, instrumentos e recursos direcionados ao programa, como é próprio de uma política de formulação federal cuja implementação se dá no âmbito municipal. Já a perspectiva bottom up serviu de base para a investigação das realidades municipais na implementação da política, das adaptações observadas (ou não) aos contextos locais, das formas de constituição e articulação das relações entre as diversas organizações e atores envolvidos e compreensão dos modos de articulação existentes (ou não) entre o PMCMV-FAR e outras estratégias de desenvolvimento urbano. Após a investigação realizada nos municípios selecionados, foram identificados desafios específicos à provisão de infraestrutura social associada à provisão de moradia com a falta de efetividade de alguns dos instrumentos estabelecidos pelo governo federal. Apesar das diferentes características e realidades históricas dos municípios estudados, foi possível observar limitações semelhantes em alguns dos aspectos da implementação do Programa<br>The lack of investments in housing policies in the past decades, combined with the demographic growth and structural housing deficiencies, rose greatly the demand for dwellings of the needy population, which shows the need of government intervention. This dissertation, by especially focusing on families from the lowest income group of the Housing Program Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) considers the housing policy as part of a larger social protection system that seeks to ensure the social right to housing, as assured by the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. The part of the program studied, served through the Residential Leasing Fund (Fundo de Arrendamento Residencial - FAR), is the one that provides the highest percentage of subsidies and serves those people who would not have access to housing if they could not count on the government support. Based on this reality, the main objective of this Masters dissertation is to analyze the forms of articulation of the PMCMV-FAR with other strategies of urban intervention at the municipal level and to investigate if and how the Program exerts influence in the provision of complementary public equipments for housing. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used, with a comparative case study between the cities of Guarulhos and Itaquaquecetuba. The established objective can be justified by the relevance of the theme to the reduction of social vulnerability, by its prominent place on the public agenda and by gaps identified in the literature and, consequently, the possibility of contributing to the already existing debate and the advancement of knowledge. The theoretical perspective used is both historical and sociological and seeks in the implementation theories a complementarity of the top down and bottom up perspectives for the development of the comparative study. With the top down perspective, the guidelines, instruments and resources directed to the program were considered, as it is characteristic of a federal formulation policy whose implementation occurs at the municipal level. On the other hand, the bottom up perspective has served as a basis for the investigation of municipal realities in the policy implementation, adaptations observed (or not) to local contexts, forms of the relations constitution and articulation between the several organizations and actors involved and understand the forms of articulation between PMCMVFAR and other urban development strategies exist (or not). After the research carried out in the selected cities, specific challenges were identified for the provision of social infrastructure associated with the provision of housing with the lack of effectiveness of some of the instruments established by the federal government. Despite the different characteristics and historical realities of the cities studied, it was possible to observe similar limitations in some aspects of the Program implementation
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Godoy-Hidalgo, Maria Cosette. "Mesurer l’action publique : les dimensions politiques de la mise en place des instruments de mesure de la performance publique au Chili (1990-2010)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH025.
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Au même titre que d’autres démocraties capitalistes, le Chili a mis en œuvre des instruments de mesure de la performance visant à améliorer l’efficience et l’efficacité de l’action publique. Sous l’emprise du paradigme de la Nouvelle gestion publique, les gouvernements de la Coalition de centre gauche (1990 à 2010) ont mis en place des outils provenant du secteur privé afin de garantir des standards d’objectivité, d’impartialité et de performance dans le secteur public. À travers l’approche des sciences de gouvernement et de l’instrumentation de l’action publique et suivant l’hypothèse énoncée par Pierre Lascoumes et Patrick Le Galès remettant en question la neutralité de ces outils, ce travail de thèse doctorale s’interroge sur les dimensions politiques de la mise en œuvre des outils de gestion publique et de mesure de la performance au Chili. Ainsi, nous analyserons l’importance du contexte politique dans la mise en place et la traduction de ces instruments à la réalité chilienne, les enjeux de leur mise en œuvre, et leurs effets sur les rapports de pouvoir et de responsabilisation entre les différents acteurs qui ont participé à leur implémentation. Pour ce faire, la recherche utilise des données issues des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des acteurs concernés comme des sources secondaires telles que le discours des autorités et des documents officiels<br>Like other capitalist democracies, Chile has implemented performance measurement instruments to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public action. Under the influence of the New Public Management paradigm, the governments of the Centre-Left Coalition (1990-2010) have put in place tools from the private sector to ensure standards of objectivity, impartiality and performance in the public sector. Through the approach of government sciences and public action instrumentation and following the hypothesis put forward by Pierre Lascoumes and Patrick Le Galès questioning the neutrality of these tools, this PhD thesis work questions the political dimensions of the implementation of public management and performance measurement tools in Chile. As such, we will analyze the importance of the political context in the implementation and translation of these instruments to the Chilean reality, the challenges of their implementation, and their effects on the power and accountability relationships between the different actors who participated in their implementation. To achieve this, the research uses data from semi-directive interviews with stakeholders as secondary sources such as government speeches and official documents
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Okbani, Nadia. "Institutionnaliser l'évaluation au sein d'une organisation : enjeux, pratiques et usages dans une caisse d'allocations familiales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0460/document.
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Le déploiement du nouveau management public et ses instruments de gestion, ne sont pas nécessairement synonymes du développement de l'évaluation des politiques. Ils tendent plutôt à s'y substituer. Cette recherche analyse l'institutionnalisation de l'évaluation des politiques, indépendamment de contraintes descendantes, à l'échelle d'une organisation. Partant du cas de la Caisse d'Allocations Familiales de la Gironde, elle interroge pourquoi et comment l'évaluation est institutionnalisée dans une organisation et les effets qu'elle produit. L'évaluation de politiques constitue une norme floue qui fait l'objet d'appropriations et d'usages stratégiques par ses protagonistes. Elle prend forme à travers le travail institutionnel des acteurs qui l'investissent parce qu'ils y trouvent un intérêt. Ils en négocient les normes et les usages, contribuant ainsi à définir la nature du changement qu'elle introduit dans les relations sociales et la conduite de l'action publique. Ces acteurs donnent sens et consistance à l'évaluation par la pratique dans la durée, en fonction de la structure sociale, organisationnelle et politique dans laquelle ils s'inscrivent<br>New public management policies and its instruments do not necessarily go hand in hand with the development of policy evaluation, and tend in fact to replace it
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Coutinho, Marcelo Guimarães. "A proteção de direitos humanos através de instrumentos jurisdicionais de tutela coletiva: a defesa de direitos coletivos e difusos por meio da ação civil pública." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4093.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This dissertation analyzes the judicial protection of collective and diffuse rights in Brazil. The
contemporary social pluralism is seen as a set of perspectives from that derive the collective
interests, marked by the multiplicity of subjects with identity demands, and as an expression,
many times, of human rights categories. The repeated disregard of collective interests,
massified in the context of the welfare state, led to the creation of legal instruments for
collective protection. The research highlights the public civil action. The breadth of claims
that may be conveyed by the public civil action makes possible the protection of goods and
interests of more immediate utility for social groups and the community as a whole, compared
to the traditional object of popular action. The public civil action is not seen as just a quirky
Brazilian legal-procedural instrument, but as a space of representation of social interests in the
current stage of democracy. In order to better understand the historical and cultural
arrangements of structure formation of the Brazilian judicial protection of collective and
diffuse rights, is traced a brief global overview of the development of instruments for the
defense of these rights. The management of the public civil action supposed a transformative
potential, suitable for reflections of philosophical and hermeneutic perspectives on the new
constitutionalism‘s milestones, since there is little research on the effectiveness and the
efficiency of the management of this instrument in Brazil, especially with respect to the
conjugated achievement of fundamental rights treated as a inseparable complex in current
constitutional order. The instruments of collective protection, that were born in the context of
mass society, hardly been consolidated in Brazil and already have its foundations - the Social
State of Law and the positivistic hermeneutics - in check. In this monograph, are exposed and
analyzed specific cases of public civil actions in Goiás. Statistical data related of these
collective actions in Goiânia are considered in evaluating the overall effectiveness and
efficiency of the public civil action in defense of collective interests and in assessing the role
played by civil society associations and Ministério Público. This is a study that brought
together the theoretical and empirical perspectives, and with it, tried to make a realistic
diagnosis about the efficiency and effectiveness of the public civil action as an instrument of
collective protection of representative social interests of human rights, in an effort to
interdisciplinary approach of the subject.<br>A presente dissertação faz uma análise da proteção jurisdicional de direitos coletivos e difusos
no Brasil. O pluralismo social contemporâneo é encarado como um conjunto de perspectivas
das quais derivam os interesses coletivos, marcados pela multiplicidade de sujeitos com
identidade de demandas, e como expressão, muitas vezes, de categorias de direitos humanos.
A reiterada desconsideração de interesses coletivos, massificados no contexto do Estado
Social, ensejou a criação de instrumentos judiciais para a tutela coletiva. A pesquisa destaca a
ação civil pública. A amplitude de pretensões que podem ser veiculadas por meio da ação
civil pública torna possível a defesa de bens e interesses de utilidade mais imediata para
grupos sociais e a coletividade como um todo, em comparação ao tradicional objeto da ação
popular. A ação civil pública não é vista apenas como um peculiar instrumento jurídicoprocessual brasileiro, mas como um espaço de representação de interesses sociais no atual
estágio da democracia. A fim de melhor compreender os arranjos histórico-culturais da
formação da estrutura brasileira de proteção jurisdicional de direitos coletivos e difusos, é
traçado um breve panorama mundial do desenvolvimento de instrumentos para a defesa
desses direitos. O manejo da ação civil pública supõe um potencial transformador de relações
sociais, propício para reflexões de cunho hermenêutico-filosófico nos marcos do novo
constitucionalismo, visto que pouco se pesquisa sobre a efetividade e a eficiência da
utilização desse instrumento no Brasil, principalmente no que tange à consecução conjugada
dos direitos fundamentais tratados como um complexo indissociável na ordem constitucional
vigente. Os instrumentos de proteção de interesses coletivos, nascidos no contexto da
sociedade de massas, mal se consolidaram no Brasil e já encontram seus fundamentos — o
Estado Social de Direito e a hermenêutica positivista — em xeque. Neste trabalho, são
expostos e analisados casos concretos de ações civis públicas ajuizadas em Goiás. Dados
estatísticos referentes à propositura dessas ações coletivas na Comarca de Goiânia são
considerados na aferição global da efetividade e eficiência da ação civil pública na defesa de
interesses coletivos, bem como na avaliação do papel desempenhado pelas associações da
sociedade civil e do Ministério Público. Trata-se de um estudo que reuniu as perspectivas
teórica e empírica e, com isso, procurou fazer um diagnóstico realista acerca da eficiência e
efetividade da ação civil pública como instrumento de tutela coletiva de interesses sociais
representativos de direitos humanos, num esforço de abordagem interdisciplinar do tema.
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Gigot, Mathieu. "Les dimensions territoriales des politiques du patrimoine urbain : instruments, enjeux et jeux d'acteurs dans trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830734.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'interroger la mise en œuvre locale des politiques du patrimoine urbain. Ce travail propose de dépasser une approche juridique des instruments d'action publique pour analyser leurs dimensions territoriales et appréhender leurs effets sur les centres-villes. Nous avons construit une approche comparée des modalités de l'institutionnalisation locale de l'action patrimoniale à partir de l'étude de trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans) pour montrer le rôle des instruments dans la patrimonialisation des espaces urbains. Ce travail retrace l'instrumentation du patrimoine depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu'à aujourd'hui, avant de confronter les outils aux réalités locales. Les modalités de mise en œuvre des politiques patrimoniales ont été différentes dans les trois villes, tant dans leurs temporalités, effectivités et dimensions territoriales que dans le choix des outils. Il s'agit de comprendre en quoi les instruments sont une grille de lecture des enjeux de la patrimonialisation des centres anciens. Ce travail interroge les relations entre diffusion des politiques patrimoniales et instruments territorialisés. Il permet de saisir, dans sa complexité, les spécificités locales de la mise en œuvre de politiques patrimoniales.
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Rocha, Elias Gazal. "Modificação do pedido e da causa de pedir, na jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, como instrumento do acesso à justiça." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4968.
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A vedação à modificação da demanda é um mecanismo adotado, na absoluta maioria dos ordenamentos processuais rígidos, com o objetivo de impedir a introdução de questões novas ao longo do feito e, com isso, propiciar maior celeridade processual. De outro lado, todavia, permite que muitas questões nele não discutidas possam ser objeto de demandas posteriores, que tendem a envolver as mesmas partes em discussões conexas ao primeiro litígio, gerando desnecessária multiplicação de demandas afins e, em conseqüência, um crescimento do número de processos no Poder Judiciário que poderia ser evitado ou minimizado. Neste estudo, examina-se a jurisprudência construída pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), ao longo de seus 20 anos de existência, em particular quanto ao tema da modificação do elemento objetivo da demanda, com a intenção de identificar as linhas mestras da interpretação ditada pela Corte Superior quanto a essa específica matéria. Procurou-se examinar, igualmente, as obras doutrinárias relacionadas ao mesmo tema, buscando traçar a evolução da interpretação dos juristas e verificar se ela acompanha, e em que medida, o caminho ditado pela jurisprudência do STJ.<br>The prohibition against modification of the original complaint is a mechanism adopted, in the vast majority of strict legal procedural orders, in order to prevent the introduction of new issues over the course of a lawsuit and thus enhance the speed of proceedings. On the other hand, however, it creates a situation where many issues that are not raised during the course of such proceedings are covered in subsequent claims or complaints, even though they tend to involve the same parties in court battles connected to the original suit. This generates needless multiplication of related cases and, as a result, an increase in the number of cases before the Judiciary that could be avoided or minimized. This study examines the jurisprudence built up at the level of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) over the course of its 20 years existence, especially regarding the topic of modifying the objective element of the complaint, in order to identify the main lines of interpretation laid down by that higher court as regards this specific issue. Likewise, this study has also sought to examine the doctrinal works related to this same subject, with a view to tracing the evolution of the interpretation of jurists and verifying if it is in keeping, and to what extent, with the path dictated by STJs jurisprudence.
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FEITOSA, Márcia Cruz. "TRABALHO ESCRAVO RURAL CONTEMPORÂNEO NA REGIÃO TOCANTINA MARANHENSE: uma análise da atuação do MPT da 16ª região com especial referência ao instrumento da Ação Civil Pública." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/2013.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-07<br>The present dissertation addresses a historical, perverse and persistent problem, whose combat is part of the global international agenda, that is, contemporary slavery in rural areas. Considering the broad scenario in which the theme is inserted, the research hereby presented aims to characterize the particularities of the of slave labor currently occurring in the tocantina region in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The aim is to assess the extent to which the actions perpetrated by the 16th region Brazilian Government Agency for Labor Law Enforcement (MPT in Portuguese) are effective. In order to do so, the first chapter systematizes the different normative formulations and the international and national juridical framework destined to describe, regulate and curb this historical modality of human being exploitation, in order to identify the normative and legal elements conducive to the investigation that the study aims to proceed. From the identification of these elements, the second chapter proposes to characterize the particularities of slave labor that occurs in the context of the tocantina region, one of the regions with the highest incidence of slave labor, not only in the State of Maranhão, but also in Brazil. Based on this characterization, which dialogues with historical, economic, social and cultural variables, the study analyzes, in the third chapter, the 16th region MPT performance and to what extent this performance is effective in repressing contemporary slavery in rural area that occurs in the tocantina region. In this regard, the approach given to the Public Civil Action instrument is justified since it is the one that has the greatest coercive force among the legal instruments used by the body. The main conclusions are that the municipalities that make up the tocantina region, despite having activities focused on economic development, continue with a high rate of poverty, marginalization and illiteracy, which contributes to the significant incidence of slavery labor in the region, especially in activities like livestock, with a predominance of degrading work and debt bondage. It also notes that the MPT's performance is not in itself capable of reducing slavery in this region, since, based on the Public Civil Actions filed, it is observed that the reality of the workers rescued from the slavery regime is not modified by the MPT´s action, maintaining a high recurrence rate.<br>A presente dissertação aborda problemática histórica, perversa e persistente, cujo combate faz parte da agenda internacional global, qual seja, o trabalho escravo rural contemporâneo. Diante do amplo cenário no qual o tema se insere, a investigação ora apresentada objetiva caracterizar as particularidades da incidência do trabalho escravo que ocorre atualmente na região tocantina maranhense, a fim de avaliar em que medida as ações de combate promovidas pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho - MPT da 16ª região são eficazes. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo, o estudo sistematiza as diferentes formulações normativas e o arcabouço jurídico internacional e nacional destinado a descrever, regular e coibir essa modalidade histórica de exploração do ser humano, no intuito de identificar os elementos normativos e jurídicos propícios à investigação que se quer proceder. A partir da identificação destes elementos, o segundo capítulo se propõe a caracterizar as particularidades do trabalho escravo que ocorre no contexto da região tocantina, uma das regiões de maior incidência de trabalho escravo não só do Estado do Maranhão, mas também do Brasil. Com base nesta caracterização, que dialoga com variáveis históricas, econômicas, sociais e culturais, o estudo analisa, no terceiro capítulo, a atuação do MPT da 16ª região e em que medida essa atuação é eficaz na repressão ao trabalho escravo rural contemporâneo que ocorre na região. Neste particular, o enfoque dado ao instrumento Ação Civil Pública se justifica uma vez que é o que possui maior força coercitiva dentre os instrumentos jurídicos utilizados pelo órgão. O estudo traz como principais conclusões que os municípios que compõe a região tocantina maranhense, apesar de contarem com atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento econômico, prosseguem com elevado índice de pobreza, marginalização e analfabetismo, o que contribui para a expressiva incidência de trabalho escravo na região, sobretudo na atividade pecuária, com predominância de trabalho degradante e servidão por dívida. Constata ainda que a atuação do MPT não é capaz, por si só, de reduzir a escravidão nessa região, pois, com base nas Ações Civis Públicas ajuizadas, observa-se que a realidade dos trabalhadores resgatados do regime de escravidão não é modificada pela atuação do órgão, mantendo-se elevado a reincidência.
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Marcato, Riccardo. "L'insertion des jeunes en France et en Italie : politiques d'activation, stratégies institutionnelles et dynamiques professionnelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV090/document.
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En Europe le processus de subsidiarisation des politiques sociales et de l’emploi (Kazepov, 2010) impacte fortement les réseaux locaux d’acteurs liés à la mise en place de nouvelles politiques actives (van Berkel et Borghi, 2007 ; Heidenreich et Rice, 2016). Ses conséquences sont gérées au quotidien par les professionnels intervenant auprès des citoyens. Ils expliquent aux usagers les fractures d’un Etat social en phase de transition – d’une socialisation des risques collectifs à une responsabilité individuelle de la protection (Bresson, Colomb et Gaspar, 2015 ; Andreotti, Mingione et Polizzi, 2012) – et ils donnent du sens aux frontières institutionnelles, géographiques et sociales (Ferrera, 2005), construites entre les dispositifs des politiques actives.La question de recherche de cette thèse vise à montrer en quoi le modèle européen de politiques actives de l’emploi structure les pratiques et les fonctionnements de nouveaux systèmes locaux de welfare. Pour y répondre elle aborde les stratégies d’acteurs face aux antinomies causées par la dimension rhétorique du nouveau welfare actif (Bifulco, 2005) et la dimension pratique de la crise des financements. Il s’agit donc de traiter la question des marges de manœuvre des street level bureaucrates (Lipsky, 1980) pour faire face au changement et donner du sens à des directives européennes souvent éloignées des terrains d’intervention et des caractéristiques des publics cibles.Au niveau théorique, l’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de proposer un cadre conceptuel capable d’expliquer le processus de subsidiarisation et de l’activation de l’Etat social à partir de ses effets. Notre hypothèse de travail nous amène à explorer une corrélation entre les politiques actives de l’emploi et : 1. la fragmentation territoriale des institutions et des réseaux d’acteurs ; 2. la spécialisation des services publics de l’emploi ; 3. les nouveaux instruments de contractualisation ; 4. la professionnalisation et précarisation des intervenants.A l’aide d’une recherche comparative en France et en Italie, nous proposons une analyse des stratégies professionnelles intervenant dans les politiques sociales d’insertion en faveur des jeunes. A propos de politiques de jeunesse, elles nous montrent les composantes des systèmes locaux de welfare (Loncle, 2011) et dessinent les modalités de protection sociale pour les nouvelles générations. En outre, depuis la mise en place de la Stratégie Européenne de l’Emploi en 1997 et le Pacte Européen pour la jeunesse en 2005, elles indiquent les modalités de transition vers l’âge adulte et définissent les critères d’employabilité dans le marché de l’emploi européen. Nous privilégions la méthode spécifique des vignettes (Barter et Renold, 2000 ; Finch, 1987 ; Hughes et Huby, 2002) afin de montrer les coulisses et les stratégies d’acteurs dans le processus d’activation. Nous complétons ces matériaux d’enquête avec des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations participantes visant à interroger différents niveaux d’acteurs, institutionnels et professionnels, liés à la restructuration du welfare local<br>In Europe the subsidiarisation process of social policies and employment strategy impacts the local networks of actors linked to the development of new active policies. Its consequences are managed daily by professionals working with citizens. They explain to users fractures of a welfare state in transition - from a socialization of collective risks to an individual responsibility of protection- and they give meaning to the institutional boundaries , geographical and social , built between active political devices.The research question of this thesis is to show how the European model of active employment policy structure practices and operations of new premises of welfare systems. To answer it discusses the strategies of actors face the contradictions caused by the rhetorical dimension of the new active welfare and the practical dimension of the crisis of funding. It is therefore addressing the issue of flexibilities of street level bureaucrats to deal with change and make sense of often remote European directives intervention courses and characteristics of target audiences.At the theoretical level, the objective of this research is to propose a conceptual framework to explaining the process of subsidiarisation and activation of the welfare state from its effects. Our working hypothesis leads us to explore a correlation between active employment policies and : 1. the territorial fragmentation of institutions and stakeholder networks ; 2. the specialization of public employment services; 3. the new instruments of contracts ; 4. professionalization and casualization of stakeholders.Using a comparative research in France and Italy, we offer an analysis of professional strategies involved in social integration policies for young people. About youth policy, they show the components of the local systems of welfare (Loncle, 2011) and draw welfare conditions for the new generations. In addition, since the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in 1997 and the European Youth Pact in 2005, they indicate the transition arrangements to adulthood and define the criteria of employability in the market European employment. We prefer the specific method thumbnails (Barter and Renold, 2000; Finch, 1987; Hughes and Huby, 2002) to show the scenes and actors strategies in the activation process. We complet these survey materials with semi-structured interviews and participant observation to examine different levels of actors, institutions and professionals related to the restructuring of the local welfare
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Breton, Éléanor. "La raison du territoire départemental : la contractualisation comme instrument de revendication d’une juridiction territoriale par les conseils généraux : le cas d’un conseil général (2001-2015)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1276.
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Cette thèse porte sur la contractualisation des subventions mise en place par les conseils généraux, à destination des collectivités locales infra-départementales. Ces politiques de territorialisation de l’action publique s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques de recomposition des rapports de pouvoir entre les collectivités locales. A partir d’une étude de cas, la thèse montre comment les « contrats de territoire » sont construits et mis en œuvre, dans les années 2000, comme des instruments devant permettre au conseil général, fragilisé par les réformes des institutions locales, d’exercer une emprise sur son territoire. La confection de règles, d’organisations du travail, de savoirs et d’outils statistiques et cartographiques, contribue à structurer une « raison du territoire » départemental. Ces ressources constituent pour le conseil général de nouveaux appuis qui lui permettent d’endosser un rôle d’« expert-prescripteur » de l’aménagement de son territoire. Les processus qui concourent à la revendication de cette juridiction territoriale par le conseil général sont saisis empiriquement à partir de l’analyse des multiples investissements matériels et idéels qu’elle suppose et des relations politico-administratives qui la trament. Cette approche à hauteur d’acteurs permet de mettre en évidence les rapports d’interdépendance et les asymétries qui configurent les relations politiques locales et de saisir les limites d’une telle entreprise. La thèse se situe à la croisée d’une sociologie de l’action publique « en train de se faire », et d’une sociologie du travail politique et administratif. Elle interroge ce que les instruments de gouvernance, comme la contractualisation, et les tentatives de contrôle politique qu’ils renferment peuvent nous apprendre sur les formes contemporaines de gouvernement local et d’inscription territoriale du pouvoir<br>This thesis concerns the “contractualization” of subsidies set up by the Departmental Councils to co-finance the projects of local infra-departmental authorities. These policies of territorialisation of public action are part of the dynamics of recomposition of power relations between local authorities. Based on a case study, the thesis shows how local contractual arrangements were constructed and implemented from the 2000s as instruments to enable the Departmental Council, weakened by the reforms of local institutions, to exercise control over its territory. The creation of rules, work organisations, knowledge and statistical and cartographic tools contributes to structure a “reason of the departmental territory”. These resources provide the Departmental Council with new support that allows it to assume the role of "expert prescriber" of spatial planning of its territory. The processes that contribute to the claim of this territorial jurisdiction by the Departmental Council are empirically captured from the analysis of the multiple material and ideal investments it involves and the political-administrative relations that shape it. This actor-level approach makes it possible to highlight the interdependence relationships and asymmetries that structure local political relations and to understand the limits of such an undertaking. The thesis is at the crossroads of a sociology of public action "in the making" and a sociology of political and administrative work. It questions what instruments of governance, such as contractual arrangements, and the attempts at political control they contain can teach us about contemporary forms of local government and the territorial embedding of power
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Arfaoui, Mehdi. "« Creative Europe » ou l’action publique par projets : enquête sur une modernisation des politiques publiques en Europe." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0165.
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Cette thèse prend pour objet la mise en œuvre d’un programme européen de financement de projets culturels intitulé Europe Créative, adopté en 2013 par l’Union européenne (UE). La recherche donne à voir les conditions de la réforme des politiques européennes pour la culture et montre comment celle-ci s’inscrit dans un processus au long cours de métamorphose de l’action publique en Europe. La littérature académique portant sur les réformes récentes de la politique culturelle de l’UE décrit souvent un « tournant néolibéral » associé à un « tournant créatif ». La redéfinition des politiques culturelles européennes au nom de la « créativité » s’accompagne en effet d’une généralisation du financement par projets et de l’introduction d’un lexique entrepreneurial et d’outils propres au nouveau management public pour encadrer le subventionnement de la culture. Ces travaux se limitent néanmoins généralement à traiter le changement de politique sous l’angle conceptuel, discursif ou strictement formel des transformations engendrées. Notre enquête cherche a contrario à questionner l’hypothèse d’un « tournant » en explorant les traductions pratiques de ces transformations. Ce faisant, l’étude de la réforme de la politique européenne permet d’aborder les processus concrets à l’œuvre dans ce que l’on a coutume de présenter comme une « néolibéralisation » des politiques publiques.Nous mettons en lien trois niveaux d’observation : celui des cadres cognitifs qui justifient une politique publique et sa réforme, celui de l’élaboration des instruments politiques qui lui donne corps et celui de la mise en œuvre concrète de ces instruments. Notre cadre théorique mêle la sociologie de la justification, la sociologie politique des instruments de l’action publique et des outils de gestion ainsi que la sociologie de la traduction. Notre matériau se fonde sur une analyse de la littérature académique traitant du « tournant créatif » et de la littérature grise produite par les institutions européennes, ainsi que sur une série d’entretiens et d’observations ethnographiques – dont plusieurs semaines au sein des points de contact du programme Europe Créative, et de nombreux mois au sein d’un lobby pour la culture à Bruxelles.Cette thèse contribue à montrer que l’entreprise réformatrice induit une appropriation plurielle et contradictoire des politiques par les acteurs concernés. Nous préférons alors, au terme homogénéisant de « néolibéralisation », celui de « modernisation » pour souligner les conflits et les compromis émergeant de ces appropriations dissonantes. À chacun des trois niveaux d’observation, nous révélons les efforts réalisés par les acteurs pour interpréter, modeler et renégocier localement le sens des réformes. Nous donnons à voir les disputes relatives à ce que serait une « bonne » politique culturelle et le travail d’interprétation du programme réalisé au guichet des institutions européennes, ou encore la malléabilité du sens donné à la notion de « projet ». Nous mettons en exergue la façon dont le financement par projets transforme non seulement les modalités de travail des organisations culturelles financées, mais également leur capacité à élaborer une prise de position critique vis-à-vis de la politique menée par l’UE<br>This thesis examines the implementation of Creative Europe, the European cultural funding programme that was adopted in 2013 by the European Union (EU). The research reveals the context and what made possible the reform of european policies for culture, showing how this process is inscribed within a long-term metamorphosis of public action in Europe.Scholarly literature focused on recent EU cultural policy reforms often describes a "neoliberal turning point" associated with a "creative turn". The redefinition of european cultural policies in the name of "creativity" is accompanied by a generalisation of project-based funding as well as the introduction of an entrepreneurial lexicon and tools specific to new public management to oversee the process of subsidising culture. However, this work tends to be limited to analysing the policy changes that are generated by these processes from a conceptual, discursive or a strictly formal perspective. On the contrary, our analysis seeks to question the hypothesis of a "turning point" by exploring the practical implictions of these changes. In doing so, the analysis of the reform of european policy makes it possible to identify the concrete processes that are at work in what tends to be discussed as the "neoliberalisation" of public policies.We connect three levels of analysis: the cognitive frameworks that justify a public policy and its reform, the elaboration of the political instruments that give it substance, and the concrete implementation of the latter. Our theoretical framework combines sociology of justification with political sociology of the instruments of public action and management tools, and sociology of translation. Our material is based on an analysis of the academic literature on the "creative turn" and grey literature produced by the european institutions, as well as a series of ethnographic interviews and observations – including several weeks in the context of a contact desk of the Creative Europe programme and many months in a cultural lobbbying organisation in Brussels.The thesis contributes to demonstrating that this reforming enterprise induces a plural and contradictory appropriation of policies by the involved actors. Rather than the homogenising term of "neoliberalisation", we therefore prefer that of "modernisation" to underline the conflicts and the compromises that emerge from this incongrous process of appropriation. At each of the three levels of observation, we reveal the efforts made by actors to interpret, model and renegotiate the meaning of the reforms locally. We show the disagremeents around what a "good" cultural policy is and the work of interpreting the programme at the desks of european institutions, or even the malleability of the meaning that is given to the notion of "project". We highlight how project-based funding is transforming not only the working arrangements of cultural organisations that receive such funding but also their ability to develop a critical stance towards EU policy
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Tandé, Alexandre. "Lutter contre les discriminations éthno-raciales et/ou promouvoir la diversité ? : le développement d'une action publique ambigüe en région de Bruxelles-Capitale (1997-2012)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20014.
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A Bruxelles comme dans d’autres contextes régionaux et nationaux, de nombreux professionnels et spécialistes présentent les notions de discrimination et de diversité dans le domaine de l’emploi comme « les deux faces d’une même pièce » : au dépassement de la première répondrait l’avènement de la seconde. Considérant ce discours comme problématique, nous retraçons dans notre thèse l’émergence et le développement de l’action publique bruxelloise de lutte contre les discriminationsethno-raciales et de promotion de la diversité en matière d’emploi, depuis la fin des années 1990. Dans une perspective qualitative, nous analysons les conditions d’élaboration et de mise en oeuvre de cette action publique régionale, en prêtant une attention particulière aux pratiques des acteurs et aux effets concrets des dispositifs (en particulier le « Plan de diversité »). Au-delà du caractère éduisant et consensuel de la notion de diversité, nous montrons que les interventions qui s’en réclament tendent à perdre de vue le problème des discriminations ethno-raciales en matière d’emploi, qu’elles devaient pourtant contribuer à réduire. Les entreprises privées peuvent ne pas voir l’utilité ni la pertinence des « bonnes pratiques » de gestion des ressources humaines promues dans ce cadre. Et même lorsque les pratiques managériales évoluent, cela n’a pas forcément d’effet en matière de recrutement ou de reconnaissance symbolique des minorités ethno-raciales<br>In Brussels as in many other regional and national contexts, discrimination and diversity are often described as “two sides of the same coin”, diversity being thought of as a solution to discrimination. We question this argument in our doctoral dissertation and examine how authorities in the Brussels region implemented a new public policy to tackle discrimination and promote diversity since the end of the 1990s. We analyse in a qualitative perspective how measures and instruments were designed and brought into action. In particular, we focus on social practices and also on the practical effects of the policy instruments mobilized in this context (especially the “Diversity plan”). The seducing notionof diversity seems to produce consensus, but we also show that it often leads to losing sight of the discrimination problem. Furthermore, public authorities promote “best practices” to improve diversity in the workplace, but these are not always considered useful nor relevant by private companies. Even when changes appear to happen in management practices, we observe a limited impact on ecruitmentand also on symbolic recognition of ethno-racial minorities
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Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.
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L’objectif de cette étude est d’appréhender, à travers l’exemple du système européen d’échange des quotas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre, les conditions d’efficacité d’un instrument particulier de réalisation du développement durable : la technique de marché. Définie comme un instrument de police consistant en la poursuite d’un objectif de politique publique, préalablement défini par les pouvoirs publics, au moyen de la création volontaire d’un marché, c’est-à-dire l’organisation d’échanges d’« unités » entre opérateurs économiques, la technique de marché est utilisée de manière privilégiée en matière environnementale. La création ex nihilo d’un marché pour protéger l’environnement ne doit pas induire en erreur : la technique de marché ne conduit pas à une substitution de la liberté à la puissance publique. Au contraire, la technique de marché n’est efficace que si elle est sous-tendue par une action publique forte. Une intervention permanente – au stade de l’élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre de cet instrument – et multiforme – au niveau international, régional et national – de la puissance publique est nécessaire. La « main invisible » du marché ne produit ses effets que grâce à la « main visible » de la puissance publique<br>By taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities
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Machado, Filomena Maria Ribeiro da Silva. "Processos de ação pública na construção de instrumentos de planeamento municipal em educação: o caso do PEEM de Alvito." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/121646.
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Este trabalho de investigação pretende analisar o processo de elaboração de um Plano Estratégico Educativo Municipal (PEEM), conceptualizando-o a partir do quadro teórico da regulação da ação pública. Surgindo no âmbito de políticas de descentralização de competências para os municípios, em particular aquelas relativas a funções de planeamento e gestão da educação, a construção deste documento pressupõe a participação e articulação de diversos atores locais. Partimos de um olhar teórico que analisa a construção do PEEM como um processo de instrumentação da ação pública para o qual foram mobilizados um conjunto de atores locais, por meio de procedimentos e dispositivos que organizaram as interações e os comportamentos, estruturando a ação coletiva. Olhámos para o PEEM como um processo de produção e coordenação da política educativa local territorializada, a partir do qual emergiram formas de regulação voluntária de tipo sociocomunitário. A investigação concretizou-se através de um estudo de caso num município de pequena dimensão, Alvito, que por sua iniciativa decidiu elaborar este instrumento de planeamento estratégico educativo. Com o intuito de responder aos objetivos a que nos propusemos, o trabalho empírico implicou a recolha de diversos dados por meio de entrevistas, consulta a documentos oficiais e principalmente através de registos diretos dos workshops e fóruns que ocorreram ao longo do processo de construção do instrumento. A análise dos resultados faz-se em torno da questão inicial do estudo relacionada com a possibilidade da construção de instrumentos de planeamento educativo municipal se poder constituir enquanto processo de regulação da ação pública, de tipo sociocomunitário, à escala local. A esta questão principal associam-se quatro objetivos aos quais procurámos dar resposta: i) descrever o processo de construção do instrumento PEEM, dando particular destaque à dimensão da participação pública e às relações entre atores locais; ii) analisar o processo de tomada de decisão na construção do PEEM, nomeadamente quanto aos protagonistas envolvidos; iii) analisar as dinâmicas de participação e de interação, identificando os temas-problemas ou focos de conflito, bem como as áreas de maior consenso entre os atores locais e, iv) compreender o alcance do instrumento, no que respeita às suas potencialidades para resolver problemas locais ou para encontrar soluções criativas, bem como quanto aos seus limites, nomeadamente face a orientações e imposições estatais. Terminamos com a análise às formas de apropriação do instrumento. Os resultados apontam para que o PEEM se tenha constituído como um processo que se iniciou com uma forma de regulação voluntária sociocomunitária com a mobilização de parceiros, mas que manteve como protagonistas o município e a universidade, formando uma sólida aliança entre conhecimento e política. Contudo, a dinâmica iniciada não se manteve uma vez que não ocorreu um processo de capacitação para a animação e gestão da rede de atores locais, ficando dependente dos protagonismos iniciais. O PEEM construído ficou no plano das intenções e não passou para a fase de implementação.<br>This research aims to analyse the process of elaboration of a Municipal Educational Strategic Plan (MESP), conceptualizing it from the theoretical framework of the regulation of public action. The elaboration of this document emerges within the scope of decentralization policies, in particular those related to education planning and management, and implies the participation and articulation of several local actors. We started with a theoretical perspective that analyses the elaboration of MESP as a process of instrumentation of public action for which a set of local actors were mobilized, through procedures and devices that organized their interactions and behaviours, thus structuring collective action. We looked at the MESP as a process of production and coordination of the local territorialized educational policy, from which forms of voluntary regulation of a socio-communitary type emerged. The research was carried out through a case study in a small municipality, Alvito. From its initiative, it decided to develop this instrument of strategic educational planning. In order to respond to the objectives, we set ourselves, empirical work involved the collection of data through interviews, consultation of official documents and mainly through direct records of workshops and forums that occurred throughout the elaboration process of the instrument. The analysis of the results is based on the initial question of the study: can the elaboration of municipal educational planning instruments be constituted as a process of regulation of public action, of a socio-communitary type, at the local level? This main question is associated with four objectives: i) to describe the elaboration process of the MESP instrument, giving particular emphasis to the dimension of public participation and the relations between local actors; ii) to analyse the decision-making process in the construction of the MESP, namely the protagonists involved; iii) analyse the dynamics of participation and interaction, identifying the themes-problems or foci of conflict, as well as the areas of greater consensus among local actors and, finally, iv) understand the scope of the instrument, with regard to its potential to solve local problems or to find creative solutions, as well as its limits, in particular in the face of state guidelines and impositions. We end with the analysis of the forms of appropriation of the instrument. The results indicate that the MESP has constituted itself as a process that began with a form of voluntary socio-communitary regulation with the mobilization of partners, but which maintained as protagonists the municipality and the university, forming a solid alliance between knowledge and politics. However, the initial dynamics did not persist, since there was no training process for the animation and management of the network of local actors. The instrument MESP stayed in the plan of intentions and did not translate into the implementation phase, since actors became dependent on the initial protagonists.
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Plisková, Hana. "Ochrana práv ve veřejné správě." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326920.
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1 Summary The public administration itself is bound by applicable laws rules. Therefore, in case of breach of individual rights stemming from the legal system of the Czech Republic, every person is guaranteed a strictly legal procedure with corresponding legal mechanisms, which aim to remedy of status cause by unlawfull action or inaction of the public administration. Moreover, if conditions laid down by European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are met, an individual has a right to apply to the European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg) for a revision of a challenged act of public administration, which is considered to be as a final and conclusive from the point of view of national law. The object of this Thesis focuses, in particular, on analysis of individual means of protection of rights in public administration and their mutual relationships between them at level of legal regulation de lege ferenda. Also, it cannot be disregarded the assessment of effect of courts' decisions or doctrine, including stating own knowledge based on the practice particularly in the area of administrative law. The Thesis focuses on the issue of the protection of individual public rights. As a consequence, legal means designed to provide protection of law in objective sense (that is...