Journal articles: 'Public address systems'

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Tripp, Robert L. "Take a Look at Public Address Systems." NASSP Bulletin 69, no. 485 (December 1985): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019263658506948528.

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Tripp, Robert L. "Public Address Systems—Can Schools Function Without Them?" NASSP Bulletin 70, no. 488 (March 1986): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019263658607048821.

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Paxton, Beth, Jack Harvie-Clark, and Max Albert. "Measurements of ultrasound from public address and voice alarm systems in public places." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 4 (October 2018): 2548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5063811.

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Er, MH, TH Ooi, LS Li, and CJ Liew. "A DSP-based acoustic feedback canceller for public address systems." Microprocessors and Microsystems 18, no. 1 (January 1994): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(94)90019-1.

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Garcia, Leice Maria, and Armindo dos Santos de Sousa Teodósio. "Análise de limites dos sistemas de contabilidade e controle para o enfretamento do problema da corrupção sistêmica no Brasil: lições dos casos da Suécia e da Itália." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 1 (January 2020): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180115.

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Abstract This article seeks to understand the reasons for the persistence of corruption in the Brazilian federal government, despite strong public accounting and financial control systems in the country. More than two-thirds of the states in the world, including Brazil, face the challenge of plundering public finances by political, economic, and bureaucratic elites. In this context, the exclusive use of the dominant approach of economic theories for the structuring of public control systems is limited. It is more appropriate to consider corruption as a problem of collective action. Hence, the theoretical reference chosen includes Bourdieu’s theory of practice and Tocqueville’s and Ostrom’s collective action theories, as they have been understood respectively by Mungiu-Pippidi and Rothstein. The methodological strategy adopted is an exploratory analysis of the cases of contemporary day Brazil, based on the lessons learned from nineteenth-century Sweden, and Italy in the 1990s. The results indicated that overcoming systemic corruption requires more than control systems. It demands, at least, a trigger to disrupt the perverse social imbalance, institutional capacity to offer normative effectiveness and a cohesive and active civil society.

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Victoria Adebayo, Adesola, and Kehinde Damilola Ilesanmi. "Financial resource management in the Nigerian public sector: policy measures to address loopholes." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.27.

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Despite concerted efforts made by successive government administrations in Nigeria to eliminate or better still minimize the menace of fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, inflation of contract prices, payment of salaries to ghost workers etc., it seems as if the challenge is far from being over. It is believed that the implementation of effective and efficient financial control systems may result in better performance, accountability, and better reporting process in the public sector. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of financial control in the public sector of Nigeria using Akoko South-West Local Government Area (ASWLGA) as a case study. The study employed both descriptive and econometric analytical methods to achieve the stated objectives. Specifically, the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis based on the primary data collected. The study revealed that the level of financial control in ASWLGA is adequate and capable of reducing financial misappropriation and that financial control is also cost-effective. However, there is a need for regular review of the financial control system in order to boost the effectiveness of the public sector.

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Kurisu, Kiyohiro, and Kazuo Fukuyama. "Controlling public address systems based on fuzzy inference and neural network." Neurocomputing 13, no. 2-4 (October 1996): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(95)00095-x.

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van Wijngaarden, Sander J., and Jan A. Verhave. "Prediction of speech intelligibility for public address systems in traffic tunnels." Applied Acoustics 67, no. 4 (April 2006): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2005.07.001.

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Faria, David A., and Wilma Smith. "Planning Innovative Public Transportation Systems for Arlington, Texas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1521, no. 1 (January 1996): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152100103.

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A study was done to develop various innovative transportation strategies to address the changing travel needs of Arlington, Texas, residents. The study was guided by the Arlington Community Transportation Study Committee. It developed the transportation niche concept: the ability to use alternative community transportation services to address specific needs of the community in different parts of the city. Five high-priority niches were studied in detail. The success of the individual niches in particular and the integrated transportation system in general will rely heavily on the cooperation and coordination between the public and the private sectors and the acceptance of the niche concept by the general public.

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Kobayashi, Yosuke, Kengo Ohta, Kazuhiro Kondo, and Shuichi Sakamoto. "Speech intelligibility prediction method using machine learning for outdoor public address systems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970044.

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Loseke, Donileen R. "Keynote Address: Empirically Exploring Narrative Productions of Meaning in Public Life." Qualitative Sociology Review 9, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.9.3.02.

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Because socially circulating stories are key vehicles producing shared meaning in globalized, mass-mediated, and heterogeneous social orders, it is important to understand how some stories – and only some stories – can be evaluated by large numbers of people as believable and important. How do stories achieve widespread cognitive and emotional persuasiveness? I argue that understanding narrative persuasiveness requires a cultural-level analysis examining relationships between story characteristics and two kinds of meaning: Symbolic codes which are systems of cognitive meaning and emotion codes which are systems of emotional meaning. Persuasiveness of narratives is achieved by using the most widely and deeply held meanings of these codes to build narrative scenes, characters, plots, and morals. I demonstrate my argument using the example of the codes embedded in the social problem story of “family violence,” and I conclude with some thoughts about how sociologists might approach the production of socially circulating stories as topics of qualitative research and why there are practical and theoretical reasons to do so. My central argument is that examining relationships between cultural systems of meaning and the characteristics of narratives is a route to understanding a key method of public persuasion in heterogeneous, mass-mediated social orders

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KEBE, Mouhamad Al Mansour, Roger Marcelin FAYE, and Claude LISHOU. "A multi-agent-based approach for address geocoding in poorly mapped areas through public company data." International Journal of Information Technology and Applied Sciences (IJITAS) 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijitas.v3i1.14.

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In this study, we present an original method that enhances geocoding systems in poorly mapped areas thanks to public company data and a multi-agent system. In contrast with industrialized countries, many developing countries lack formal postal address systems assignments and usage, making the operation of translating text-based addresses to absolute spatial coordinates, known as geocoding, a big challenge. We recreated a standard of address as it is perceived and used by local people, a kind of non-official national address standard since there is no official one in these areas. Then, we designed a multi-agent system in which agents are assigned different tasks of geocoding process and can perform negotiation to achieve a global objective: find the best possible match or approximation of a location-based on current knowledge. Verification of the usefulness of the proposed approach is made in comparison with Google Geocoding API which shows that the proposed approach has great potential to geocode addresses considering local context semantic issues.

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YAKUSHIJI, Tetsuro. "Chairman's Address/Need for Public Good and Economic Efficiency in Restructuring Food Systems." Journal of Food System Research 25, no. 3 (2018): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5874/jfsr.25.3_115.

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Harrison, M. F. "Calculating speech intelligibility for the design of public address systems at railway stations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 215, no. 4 (July 2001): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409011531611.

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Kootwijk, P. A. A. "THE SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS AT 14 DUTCH RAILWAY STATIONS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 193, no. 1 (May 1996): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0287.

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Stojanovic, Mirjana, Slavica Bostjancic-Rakas, and Jasna Markovic-Petrovic. "Scada systems in the cloud and fog environments: Migration scenarios and security issues." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 32, no. 3 (2019): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1903345s.

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This paper addresses scenarios and security issues when migrating SCADA systems to cloud and fog environments. Migration strategies to the cloud refer to different cloud infrastructures (public, private or hybrid) as well as selection of cloud service. Benefits of cloud-based SCADA systems mainly refer to improving economic efficiency. We further address migration risks, with regards to quality of service and cyber security. Challenges in security provisioning encompass security solutions, risk management and test environment. Finally, we address emerging evolution of SCADA toward fog computing, including the three-tier system?s architecture and security issues.

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Chen, Yun, Yonghui Song, Samantha Bowker, and Andy Hamilton. "The SURegen Workbench." International Journal of E-Planning Research 1, no. 2 (April 2012): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2012040103.

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Urban regeneration is of considerable contemporary public interest and debate. Sustainable urban regeneration requires a comprehensive and integrated vision and action to address the resolution of urban problems and bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social, and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change. Thus, there are increased requirements for decision making and knowledge sharing by urban planners, local authorities, and other practitioners to achieve sustainability in urban regeneration activities. To address these challenges the research team of the Sustainable Urban Regeneration (SURegen) project (UK Government EPSRC funded, £2.5 Million, in the SUE programme) designed and implemented a prototype Regeneration Workbench, which addresses the key challenges in regeneration practice and provides a flexible and integrated e-platform. Over the past 20 years many Planning Support Systems (PSS) have been developed. Whereas most of these systems address a small range of issues, the SURegen workbench takes a holistic approach to all aspects that have influence sustainable regeneration. Furthermore, the workbench specifically addresses the management of urban regeneration projects and the skills gaps amongst regeneration professionals. This article describes the urban challenges addressed and details the SURegen approach to meeting these challenges.

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Mapp, Peter. "Potential audibility of ultrasonic signal monitoring of Public Address and Life Safety Sound Systems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 4 (October 2018): 2539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5063993.

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Leung, Stanley W. H., and Bradley McPherson. "Classrooms for Children with Developmental Disabilities: Sound‐field and public address amplification systems compared." International Journal of Disability, Development and Education 53, no. 3 (September 2006): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10349120600847508.

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Welter, Christina R., Kristina Y. Risley, and Grace Castillo. "Imagining the Future: Leading Systems Change to Address Today's Problems." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 28, no. 2 (March 2022): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001505.

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Splichal, Slavko. "In data we (don't) trust: The public adrift in data-driven public opinion models." Big Data & Society 9, no. 1 (January 2022): 205395172210973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517221097319.

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This article seeks to address current debates comparing polls and opinion mining as empirically based figuration models of public opinion in the light of in-depth intellectual debates on the role and nature of public opinion that began after the French Revolution and the controversy over public opinion spurred by the invention of polls. Issues of historical quantification and re-conceptualisation of public opinion are addressed in four parts. The first summarises the history of the rise and fall of the concept of public opinion. The second re-examines the key controversies in the debates on the theoretical, empirical and social implications and consequences of the invention of polling. The third part scrutinises the datafication of public opinion that started with polling industry and continues in the age of big data and data mining. The final section discusses the controversial potentials of opinion-mining technology and suggests ways in which social scientists could critically respond to the big data and opinion-mining challenges in order to reintegrate the ideas of publicness, the public and public sphere into public opinion research.

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Ziglio, Erio. "Strengthening health systems and cross-government capacity to address health inequalities." Perspectives in Public Health 129, no. 5 (September 2009): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913909343894.

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Noguchi, Keita, Yosuke Kobayashi, Jay Kishigami, and Kiyohiro Kurisu. "Listening difficulty estimation model using short-time objective intelligibility measure for outdoor public address systems." Acoustical Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.41.420.

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Cordes, Diego, and Douglas Shearer. "Improving the intelligibility of underground station public address / voice alarm systems using horizontal line array." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 6531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0981.

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As London's extensive underground network passenger communication is highly dependent on its Public Address/ Voice Alarm system, attention to its efficacy is of great importance. In its current state, the system lacks 21st-century performance which could be implemented using modern technologies. Underground station currently struggle to achieve the minimal life safety intelligibility requirements established by the British standard and bringing an uncomfortable experience to millions of daily passengers. A reinterpretation of the line array / planar source concept in computer simulations has been used to raise the intelligibility beyond the minimal requirements by achieving a homogeneous sound distribution close to the public, with minimal room excitation. This approach minimises destructive reverberant interference and hence proves to improve intelligibility.

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Aiello, Allison E., Audrey Renson, and Paul N. Zivich. "Social Media– and Internet-Based Disease Surveillance for Public Health." Annual Review of Public Health 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094402.

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Disease surveillance systems are a cornerstone of public health tracking and prevention. This review addresses the use, promise, perils, and ethics of social media– and Internet-based data collection for public health surveillance. Our review highlights untapped opportunities for integrating digital surveillance in public health and current applications that could be improved through better integration, validation, and clarity on rules surrounding ethical considerations. Promising developments include hybrid systems that couple traditional surveillance data with data from search queries, social media posts, and crowdsourcing. In the future, it will be important to identify opportunities for public and private partnerships, train public health experts in data science, reduce biases related to digital data (gathered from Internet use, wearable devices, etc.), and address privacy. We are on the precipice of an unprecedented opportunity to track, predict, and prevent global disease burdens in the population using digital data.

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Lookadoo, Rachel E., and Jesse E. Bell. "Public Health Policy Actions to Address Health Issues Associated with Drought in a Changing Climate." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 4 (2020): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979372.

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Over the last century, droughts have caused more deaths internationally than any other weather- or climate-related disaster. Like other natural disasters, droughts cause significant changes in the environment that can lead to negative health outcomes. As droughts are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change, public health systems need to address impacts associated with these events. Partnering with federal and local entities, we evaluated the state of knowledge of drought and health in the United States through a National Drought and Public Health Summit and a series of subsequent regional workshops. The intended outcome was to develop public health strategies for implementing activities to better support and prepare public health systems for future droughts. The information gathered from this work identified multiple policy and law options to address the public health issues associated with drought. These policy recommendations include the use of public health emergency declarations for drought events, increased usage of preparedness evaluations for drought emergencies, and engagement of drought and climate experts in state and local risk assessments. As drought events are projected to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change, taking policy action now will help decrease the health impacts of drought and save lives.

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Mitchell, L. Kate, and Debra Chopp. "Medical-Legal Partnerships Reinvigorate Systems Lawyering Using an Upstream Approach." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 51, no. 4 (2023): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2023.162.

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AbstractThe upstream framework presented in public health and medicine considers health problems from a preventive perspective, seeking to understand and address the root causes of poor health. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have demonstrated the value of this upstream framework in the practice of law and engage in upstream lawyering by utilizing systemic advocacy to address root causes of injustices and health inequities. This article explores upstreaming and its use by MLPs in reframing legal practice.

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Bien, Michael B., Alaina Whitton, Ashley Meehan, Lee Thornhill, Karin Ellis, Josh Leopold, Deborah Borne, et al. "Strengthening Public Health Capacity to Address Infectious Diseases: Lessons From 3 Centers of Excellence in Public Health and Homelessness." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 29, no. 6 (November 2023): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001830.

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People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately affected by infectious diseases and often face barriers to receiving appropriate medical treatment. Responding to the needs of people experiencing homelessness requires state and local health departments to integrate information sources and coordinate multisector efforts. From 2021 to 2023, the CDC Foundation, in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, established pilot Centers of Excellence in Public Health and Homelessness in Seattle, Washington; San Francisco, California; and the state of Minnesota. These centers strengthened their capacity to address the needs of people experiencing homelessness by supporting cross-sector partnerships, assessing the interoperability of data systems, prioritizing infectious disease needs, and identifying health disparities. These programs demonstrated that health departments are heterogeneous entities with differing resources and priorities. They also showed the importance of employing dedicated public health staff focused on homelessness, establishing diverse partnerships and the need for support from local leaders to address homelessness.

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Malmqvist, Erik, and Christian Munthe. "What High-Income States Should Do to Address Industrial Antibiotic Pollution." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa020.

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Abstract Antibiotic resistance is widely recognized as a major threat to public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Recent research suggests that pollution from antibiotics manufacturing is an important driver of resistance development. Using Sweden as an example, this article considers how industrial antibiotic pollution might be addressed by public actors who are in a position to influence the distribution and use of antibiotics in high-income countries with publicly funded health systems. We identify a number of opportunities for these actors to incentivize industry to increase sustainability in antibiotics production. However, we also show that each alternative would create tensions with other significant policy goals, necessitating trade-offs. Since justifiable trade-offs require ethical consideration, we identify and explore the main underlying normative issues, namely, the weighing of local versus global health interests, the weighing of present versus future health interests, and the role of individualistic constraints on the pursuit of collective goals. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the actors have weighty principled reasons for prioritizing the goal of addressing pollution, but that translating this stance into concrete policy requires accommodating significant pragmatic challenges.

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McNamara, Martin, Marie Ward, and Seán Paul Teeling. "Making a Sustainable Difference to People, Processes and Systems: Whole-Systems Approaches to Process Improvement in Health Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 5232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075232.

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The eighteen papers in this Special Issue, ‘Whole-Systems Approaches to Process Improvement in Health Systems’, address an enduring challenge in healthcare: to improve efficiency with existing or reduced resources, while maintaining safe and effective care [...]

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Abdel-Monem, Tarik, Mitchel N. Herian, and Nancy Shank. "Electronic Medical Records and Public Perceptions." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 8, no. 3 (July 2013): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2013070103.

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Public attitudes about electronic medical records (EMRs) have been primarily gauged by one-time opinion polls. The authors investigated the impact of an interactive deliberative polling process on general attitudes towards EMRs and perceptions of governmental roles in the area. An initial online survey was conducted about EMRs among a sample of respondents (n = 138), and then surveyed a sub-sample after they had engaged in a deliberative discussion about EMR issues with peers and policymakers (n = 24). Significant changes in opinions about EMRs and governmental roles were found following the deliberative discussion. Overall support for EMRs increased significantly, although concerns about security and confidentiality remained. This indicates that one way to address concerns about EMRs is to provide opportunities for deliberation with policymakers. The policy and theoretical implications of these findings are briefly discussed within.

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Rivadeneyra, Aldo Tudela, Abel Lopez Dodero, Shomik Raj Mehndiratta, Bianca Bianchi Alves, and Elizabeth Deakin. "Reducing Gender-Based Violence in Public Transportation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2531, no. 1 (January 2015): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2531-22.

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Gender-based violence on public transportation in Mexico City, Mexico, is a growing concern. Current efforts to counteract the violence have focused on transit vehicles for exclusive use by women and children and campaigns to promote the report of offenses. To characterize the problem, this study conducted a transit user survey, workshops with transit users, interviews with operators, and interviews with experts in the field. The study found that, even though transit users believed that the gender-exclusive transport service reduced problematic encounters, they did not view the service as a solution to the problem of gender-based violence. Transit users would prefer to see the problem addressed through a combination of interventions including social marketing, mobile phone reporting systems, and transit service upgrades. Government agencies acknowledged that gender segregation and current reporting systems were only partially successful, and nongovernmental organizations and private operators agreed. Those agencies added that they were ready to contribute to the effort to find solutions to the problem. Study recommendations included (a) a communication campaign to foster better social behavior by passengers; (b) the use of technology, such as cell phone applications, to enable users to report offenses; and (c) the further investigation of the potential for new technology-based niche transportation services to address particular markets that were unsafe.

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Stefanovic, Lilliana. "SDG Performance in Local Organic Food Systems and the Role of Sustainable Public Procurement." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811510.

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Alternative food systems have occupied a steady niche in the food systems transformation discourse as one of the transformative pathways capable of addressing many of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Being one of the alternative approaches, organic food systems are often in the spotlight of transformation discussion. While their outcomes and, to a lesser extent, potential to address the SDGs have been documented, the attempts to provide empirical evidence for the latter contribution are largely lacking. The study aimed to close this gap by assessing the performance of SDGs in local organic food systems with the territorial approach. For this purpose, a mixed methods research design and actor-oriented approach have been used. The research employed a multiple-case study design to examine three European territorial organic food systems to uncover their contribution to SDGs and thereby their role in food systems transformation towards enhanced sustainability. Analysis at the target level revealed the central role of SDG 12, responsible consumption and production, addressed by the highest number of targets manifested through corresponding outcomes of all three analyzed case studies. The analyzed systems uncovered a leverage potential of sustainable public procurement to unfold other SDG targets through synergetic interactions of the respective outcomes.

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Attari, Shahzeen Z., Kelsey Poinsatte-Jones, and Kelsey Hinton. "Perceptions of water systems." Judgment and Decision Making 12, no. 3 (May 2017): 314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s193029750000591x.

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AbstractPublic understanding of the water system is vital in confronting contemporary water challenges, as public support is necessary for implementing measures to address shortages and repair infrastructure. In this study, university student participants (N = 457) were asked to draw diagrams illustrating how water reaches the tap in an average home in the U.S. and is then returned to the natural environment. We also conducted an expert elicitation (N = 15) to create a simplified, accurate diagram by which to code each student drawing. Results showed major gaps in understanding, where 29% of the student participants did not draw a water treatment plant, 64% did not draw a wastewater treatment plant, and 1 in 5 participants depicted untreated wastewater returning to the natural environment. For the majority of non-environmental students, the water system stops at the home. These gaps reveal a critical area for public environmental education efforts.

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Kristensen, Iryna, and Walter Scherrer. "Public Private Partnerships as a Systemic Instrument of Governance in Regional Innovation Policy." Central European Public Administration Review 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2016.1.02.

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We discuss which systemic functions can be implemented in regional innovation systems by using public private partnerships (PPP) as a vehicle of governance in innovation policy. We analyze PPPs in the field of regional innovation policy in which Swedish municipalities and regional authorities have been involved. We find that such PPPs are able to address knowledge related systemic goals of regional innovation policy more comprehensively than entrepreneurial goals; that PPPs tend to address the quantitative dimensions of systemic goals of regional innovation policy better than qualitative dimensions; and that there is considerable variation how PPPs address innovation-related goals across types of regions and industries involved.

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Aubin, Fabrice, Françoise DuBois, Cyril Mellet, Christophe Gerault, Christophe Lambourg, and Paul Peyret. "Definition of appropriate indicator and threshold values for intelligibility: Application for rolling stock’s public address systems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4989309.

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White, Kellee, Danielle L. Beatty Moody, and Jourdyn A. Lawrence. "Integrating Racism as a Sentinel Indicator in Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems." American Journal of Public Health 113, S1 (January 2023): S80—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2022.307160.

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Objectives. To evaluate public health surveillance and monitoring systems’ (PHSMS) efforts to collect, monitor, track, and analyze racism. Methods. We employed an environmental scan approach. We defined key questions and data to be collected, conducted a literature review, and synthesized the results by using a qualitative description approach. Results. We identified 125 PHSMS; only 3—the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System, and California Health Interview Survey—collected and reported data on individual-level racism. Structural racism was not collected in PHSMS; however, we observed evidence for linkages to census and administrative data sets or social media sources to assess structural racism. Conclusions. There is a paucity of PHSMS that measure individual-level racism, and few systems are linked to structural racism measures. Public Health Implications. Adopting a standard practice of racism surveillance can advance equity-centered public health praxis, inform policy, and foster greater accountability among public health practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers. Failure to explicitly address racism and the insufficient capacity to support a robust health equity data infrastructure severely impedes efforts to address and dismantle systemic racism. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S80–S84. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307160 )

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Scales, David, and Jack Gorman. "Screening for Information Environments: A Role for Health Systems to Address the Misinformation Crisis." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13 (January 2022): 215013192210878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501319221087870.

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Misinformation about health topics is a public health issue. We are bombarded with information from many sources, across many digital means of communication, affecting the ways in which we are born, grow, work, live, and age. This makes information environments a social determinant of health (SDoH), but one not currently adequately addressed by clinical or public health practitioners. Since health systems are already screening for social determinants of health, existing mechanisms can additionally screen for unhealthy information environments. Then, for those patients who screen positive, we can apply best practices learned from initiatives addressing vaccine hesitancy: providing a non-judgmental environment in which to discuss health beliefs, using motivational interviewing techniques to gage patient perspectives and readiness for change, and taking a harm-reduction approach in recognizing that behavior change evolves over time. Displacing misinformation is a process, not an event. As such, we need to address the underlying psychological and sociological reasons that people maintain unscientific beliefs as we would hope to do with any other SDoH. Furthermore, as information environments are the product of both individual choices and structural factors, clinicians should approach patients immersed in unhealthy information environments without blame or ostracism, much as we would approach any patient adversely impacted by social determinants of health.

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Chan, Jennifer L., and Hemant Purohit. "Challenges to Transforming Unconventional Social Media Data into Actionable Knowledge for Public Health Systems During Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.92.

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ABSTRACTEvery year, there are larger and more severe disasters and health organizations are struggling to respond with services to keep public health systems running. Making decisions with limited health information can negatively affect response activities and impact morbidity and mortality. An overarching challenge is getting the right health information to the right health service personnel at the right time. As responding agencies engage in social media (eg, Twitter, Facebook) to communicate with the public, new opportunities emerge to leverage this non-traditional information for improved situational awareness. Transforming these big data is dependent on computers to process and filter content for health information categories relevant to health responders. To enable a more health-focused approach to social media analysis during disasters, 2 major research challenges should be addressed: (1) advancing methodologies to extract relevant information for health services and creating dynamic knowledge bases that address both the global and US disaster contexts, and (2) expanding social media research for disaster informatics to focus on health response activities. There is a lack of attention on health-focused social media research beyond epidemiologic surveillance. Future research will require approaches that address challenges of domain-aware, including multilingual language understanding in artificial intelligence for disaster health information extraction. New research will need to focus on the primary goal of health providers, whose priority is to get the right health information to the right medical and public health service personnel at the right time.

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Pečarič, Mirko. "Public Reform Paradoxes and the Old Effectiveness–Efficiency Problem." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 501–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.18.4.1.

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Although effectiveness and efficiency are old comrades of public administrations, they still often cause unintended consequences. The relation between (absent) effectiveness and (overly emphasised) efficiency remains unresolved. The paper shows that effectiveness and efficiency are still used interchangeably, and despite the presence of negative effects, it comes as a surprise that important documents still address these terms without procedure or methodology to provide the content whereby they could be more clearly elaborated. Not only is the goal to achieve clearer meaning, but to accomplish results with the fewest possible negative effects. Alongside different management reforms, decision-makers must not lose sight of the whole; all reforms are only specific answers to inadequate previous ones, and it could be valuable to take a step back to see how/why different reforms emerge. The paper addresses the success/failure of reforms and the outcomes thereof. It claims the core problem of rational decision-making lies not in rationality per se, but in a lack of concept and/or insufficient attention to the behaviour of complex adaptive systems. With the help of complex adaptive systems, cybernetics, and combinations of effectiveness and efficiency, the paper presents the essential elements for adaptive (human) decision-making (such as diversity, variation, selection, adaptation, and integration) as the framework whereby unintended, reverse, and neutral effects can be reduced. New rules/decisions should be based on different levels of planning and adaptation, and on moving from the general to the more specific, in accordance with context specificity and unplanned, emergent things. It seems the hardest thing to address is the human character that does not (want to) recognise a situation as the situation in which some things must be spotted, evaluated, and changed if needed.

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Corberá Martínez, J. M. "Patents and public health." Finance, Markets and Valuation 5, no. 1 (2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46503/afcw9681.

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Tensions are now known between the interests of holders of patent rights over medicines and those of other groups, especially in developing countries. This work tries to deepen these interests from a point of view, mainly legal, which is accompanied by comments of an economic nature, while identifying possible legal and institutional ways to alleviate the negative social consequences of the current system. To this end, the conflicts generated by patents in the context of public health and, specifically, in relation to access to medicines, will be described, to then address the role of intellectual property systems and the concept and scope of public health. Finally, various legal channels will be presented to reconcile the affected interests and possible programmatic and institutional measures.

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Loomis, Briana, Kenneth Epstein, Emily F. Dauria, and Lynn Dolce. "Implementing a Trauma-Informed Public Health System in San Francisco, California." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118806942.

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Background. Trauma is a ubiquitous and harmful public health concern. Much like individuals, organizations experience trauma and can embed it within their culture. Left unaddressed, trauma inhibits staff from confronting problems, communicating effectively, and generating solutions, factors that undermine organizational functioning. In response to trauma’s far-reaching impact, recent efforts have focused on creating “trauma-informed” systems that emphasize safety and avoid retraumatization. Trauma-informed systems are uniquely connected to relationships, as the impact of trauma both impairs relationships and is heightened in the absence of quality relationships. Developing trauma-informed relationships is therefore critical to creating a healing organizational culture. Aims. The objective of this article is to describe the process through which the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) developed and implemented their Trauma-Informed Systems (TIS) Initiative, an organizational model to address trauma at the systems level. The article highlights the centrality of trauma-informed relationships to the initiative’s guiding principles, activities, and implementation process. Discussion. Six core principles underlie the work of the SFDPH’s TIS Initiative: (1) Understanding Trauma & Stress, (2) Compassion & Dependability, (3) Safety & Stability, (4) Collaboration & Empowerment, (5) Cultural Humility & Responsiveness, (6) Resilience & Recovery. Initiative components focus on creating and sustaining trauma-informed knowledge (i.e., foundational training, train-the-trainer program) and organizational practices (i.e., aligned efforts, leadership, and champion engagement). Conclusion. Trauma-informed systems represent an emergent organization-level intervention designed to address trauma and its sequelae. SFDPH’s TIS Initiative is creating a healing organization through its innovative response to the impact of trauma.

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De Ceukelaire, Wim, and Chiara Bodini. "We Need Strong Public Health Care to Contain the Global Corona Pandemic." International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420916725.

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The corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from China to over a hundred countries in less than 2 months. Now is the time to take stock and to assess the responses of different countries to the outbreak so far. What we can learn from the global Corona pandemic so far is that strong public health systems have the resilience to address massive health threats with the collective responses they require. Privatization of health services and individualization of risks might further undermine our ability to address this and future global pandemics.

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Ibrus, Indrek, Ulrike Rohn, and Alessandro Nanì. "Searching for public value in innovation coordination: How the Eurovision Song Contest was used to innovate the public service media model in Estonia." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877918757513.

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This article addresses the ‘wicked’ problems met by contemporary public service media (PSM) institutions: to address the fragmentation of audiences across platforms; to have a positive impact on civil society and societal coherence; to facilitate cultural diversity; and to work with private creative industries and facilitate their growth. These objectives can be reduced to a conflict in producing both public and private value. In this article, we build on the combination of innovation systems theory and public value theory to investigate the interrelationships between the production of these different forms of value. Our case study is Estonia’s national pre-selection competition for the Eurovision Song Contest, which is innovative in terms of its cross-media framing and its approach to working with private partners to facilitate the development of the Estonian popular music system.

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Wilson, Kelly L., Whitney R. Garney, Kristen M. Garcia, Christi H. Esquivel, Kobi V. Ajayi, Sara A. Flores, and Laurel Curran. "The Development of a Systems-Level Approach to Address Adolescent Access to Health Care." Family & Community Health 46, S1 (October 2023): S66—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000380.

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Most evidence-based interventions in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and mental health remain largely aimed at individual-level outcomes and do not conceptualize adolescent health within a social-ecological model. Interventions to affect policy, systems, and environmental change offer potential for sustained population impact. The current initiative used an innovation framework to develop a novel systems-level approach to address adolescent access to health care. The Framework for Public Health Innovation provided an approach to develop a novel intervention. Confident Teen is a systems-level intervention that creates the opportunity, through organizational policy change, to increase adolescents' access to confidential sexual and reproductive health services through organizational policies. Gaps in adolescents' access to health care services allowed for a systems-level approach to be designed through an adolescent pregnancy prevention innovation initiative. Confidentiality is a right and critical component to their health care; therefore, a policy and conversation between provider and patient is a prioritized component of the novel intervention.

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Virtanen, Petri, and Jari Kaivo-oja. "Public service systems and emerging systemic governance challenges." International Journal of Public Leadership 11, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-02-2015-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address questions related to public service delivery. Specifically, the authors note that existing research relating to public services is usually based on a number of oversimplifications, and that a novel conceptual understanding of change management practices related to public services is necessary. As such, the authors base the argument on the observation that the notion of public services has evolved into one of service systems, which call for new kinds of conceptual and theoretical approaches in order to understand this transformational shift. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is intended to be inherently interdisciplinary – meaning that the authors discuss systemic governance challenges in a specific context (public service) relating this notion to a body of literature that is relevant to this context, though one which has not previously been used in this way (e.g. Modern Systems Theory, New Public Management and New Public Governance). This paper highlights the ongoing discussion on service-dominant logic and links these discussions to the framework of public services. The notion of public services is inherently under-theorised in the service science literature and thus presents a unique and important area for future inquiry. Findings – The paper provides three main conclusions. The first concerns the new understanding of public services as an embedded part of the service economy when looking at service delivery from the organisational viewpoint – and also from the viewpoint of service users. Public service systems operate in a world of open systems which are more or less difficult to govern and manage. Second, the emergent systemic governance changes will be both pervasive and profound. These changes cannot, however, be understood only in economic terms; only by adopting a wider societal standpoint can they be fully appreciated. Such changes include, for instance, gene technology, robotics, informatics and nanotechnology and they cover various technological fields. Third, systemic adaptability requires new leadership and management styles. Future governance, leadership and management models must therefore be agile and adaptive to complex changes. Practical implications – Based on this paper, potential future research topics include, analysing the role of public services as a delivery mechanism for public policies from the perspective of the coherence of public policies, to leadership models, forecasting methods and decision-making in service systems, the capacity of public service systems to adapt to systemic governance challenges, co-ordination in service organisations and service systems, service delivery mechanisms adopted at the service organisation level, touch-points between service staff and service users and the accountability functions of public service systems. Originality/value – Public service systems clearly face new challenges, challenges that are not adequately addressed by the currently dominant paradigmatic approaches such as NPM and New Public Governance. The connection between the challenges posed by systemic governance and their impact on public service systems has not been adequately analysed thus far, either theoretically or empirically.

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Nahruddin, Zulfan, and Wahdania Suardi. "One-Stop Administration System: Public Service Innovation in the Indonesian Public Sector." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i3.269.

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Purpose: The study aims to explore the several public service innovations and the role of one-stop administration systems. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study presents a review of literature on public service innovations. A number of research articles were analysed, highlighting the success of one-stop administration innovations. Findings: In Indonesia, there have been several public service inventions as well as multiple Samsat service developments. In the sense of public services, innovation can be characterized as service quality improvement by renewal, imagination, or new development. A host of Samsat offices in Indonesia's different regions have innovated. In addition to the Samsat Drive Through, which received the Top 99 Public Service Innovations 2018, there were also innovations, West Java Samsat Ngabret, which established 5 innovation services, and the most recent, East Java Samsat, which launched the first innovation in Indonesia, namely paying motorized vehicle taxes and legalizing annual vehicle registration online. Socialization of the general population must be expanded in order to introduce programs to the general public, and server upgrades must be made in order to maintain service efficiency Practical Implications: The study presents a theoretical foregrounding for further research on one-stop administration systems. This paper identifies certain gaps, and further research studies might address the effectiveness of some of these one-stop administration systems. Originality/value: The study highlights the successful public service innovations in Indonesia and how people perceive the projects.

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Schaffer, Marjorie A., Mary Kalfoss, and Kari Glavin. "Public health nursing interventions to promote quality of life in older adult populations: A systematic review." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 11 (July 2, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n11p92.

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This review analyzes how nurse-led public health interventions promote quality of life (QoL) among older populations. Using Medline and Cinahl databases, authors completed a systematic review of experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2010 and March 2016 that described interventions used by public health nurses to address health needs of older adult populations. Lawton’s theoretical QoL concepts and the Public Health Intervention Wheel model, which names interventions at the individual, community and systems levels, were used to interpret results. The 23 studies were widely distributed geographically. Four of Lawton’s theoretical QoL domains (Health, Functional Health, Personal Competency, Psychological Well-Being) were addressed in the majority of studies. Although public health nurses used Wheel interventions at all levels of practice, individual level interventions were featured in studies to a greater extent in comparison to community and systems level interventions. Few studies used QoL measures to determine intervention effectiveness. Nurses should consider QoL domains, as they design individual, community, and systems level interventions to improve the health of older adult populations.

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Comer, Karen Frederickson, Shaun Grannis, Brian E. Dixon, David J. Bodenhamer, and Sarah E. Wiehe. "Incorporating Geospatial Capacity within Clinical Data Systems to Address Social Determinants of Health." Public Health Reports 126, no. 3_suppl (September 2011): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549111260s310.

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Horner, Jennifer R. "Clogged systems and toxic assets." Journal of Language and Politics 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2011): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.1.02hor.

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The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act, also known as the “Wall Street Bailout,” authorized the allocation of $700B US to address the financial crisis of 2008. The “bailout” did not pass easily; members of the United States Congress reported feedback from angry constituents urging them to vote against it, and the measure failed its first vote in the House of Representatives. This essay focuses on metaphors used in public discourse to describe the “bailout” in the ten days between its introduction to Congress and its failure in the House. Advocates of the economic stimulus plan relied on metaphors that evacuated human agency, portraying the plan as an emergency measure necessitated by crises such as illness, natural disasters, and mechanical failures. Opponents to the plan extended and modified the administration’s metaphors to communicate a critique of the transfer of federal funds to private entities for the good of the public.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public address systems'

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