Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public broadcaster

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Public broadcaster'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Skrzypczak, Jędrzej, and Grzegorz Iwasiuta. "Polarisation of Content in Polish News Making, as Exemplified by News Programmes of Licensed Broadcasters and the Public Service Broadcaster." Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 64, no. 2 (246) (2021): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.21.009.13474.

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The paper contains a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the news services of the three largest broadcasters and three events essential for the functioning of the state and public life in Poland. The first one was the amendment to the Supreme Court Act of July 2017. The second event was the local elections campaign in Poland (broadcasts aired on the 18th of October 2018, the last but one day of the elections campaign), while the third set of material were the news items on the murder of the Mayor of Gdańsk – Paweł Adamowicz (broadcasts aired on the 15th of January 2019, one day after the tragic event). The analysis focused on the evening news editions by the three most popular broadcasters with the highest viewership, including commercial stations (i.e. TVN’s Fakty and Polsat’s Wydarzenia) and the public broadcaster (i.e. the Polish Television’s Wiadomości). In total, 43 news items of 2 hours, 20 minutes and 6 seconds were analysed. The study has revealed a clear polarisation of news content coming from the licensed broadcasters and the public service broadcaster.
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Calfano, Brian Robert, and Donald P. Green. "Assessing the Efficacy of Radio Public Service Announcements: Results From Three Field Experiments." Electronic News 13, no. 3 (2019): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1931243119883655.

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Public service announcements (PSAs) are key staples for broadcasters in fulfilling their Federal Communications Commission–mandated public interest mission, and the familiarity of the PSA format has helped motivate broadcaster attempts to monetize these short, community-focused messages. But relatively few studies have rigorously assessed the impact of PSAs; to date, there have been no randomized experiments gauging PSAs aired on radio stations with different programming formats. To fill this gap, we report the results of three field-based experiments randomizing the airdates of PSAs on three separate broadcast radio stations. Results suggest PSAs have significant, but short-lived, effects on audience behavior. This finding has implications for organization sponsorship and broadcaster use of PSAs as well as researcher approaches to studying these spots through randomized field experiments.
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Wilk, Dorota. "Role and Room for Social Broadcaster With Radio Fara as an Example." Social Communication 4, no. 2 (2018): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sc-2018-0012.

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Abstract The broadcaster, who uses the possibility of functioning in the broadcasting media space as a social broadcaster, ensures not only independence from power centres, political parties and commercial entities, but also full control over the broadcast content. He consciously directs ithe message to a specific group of recipients, often a niche group, providing content that commercial and public stations avoid, considering it to be unattractive. The type of programmes broadcast is strictly defined by the role it has to fulfil, the requirements set by the legislator for social broadcasters and the possibilities resulting from having such status. This has a significant impact on the place it occupies in the media radio market.
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Hermida, Alfred. "E-democracy remixed: Learning from the BBC's Action Network and the shift from a static commons to a participatory multiplex." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 2, no. 2 (2010): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v2i2.29.

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This paper examines a five-year initiative by the UK's public service broadcaster, the BBC, to reinvigorate civic engagement at a time of declining public participation in politics. The Action Network project, originally called iCan, ran from 2003 to 2008 and was one of the most high profile and ambitious attempts by a public service broadcaster to foster eParticipation through an online civic commons. This study analyzes Action Network within the context of conceptualizations of the Internet as a networked, distributed and participatory environment and the shift towards what scholars describe as a networked public sphere. It suggests that the project did not have the impact anticipated as it was borne out of a paternalistic broadcast legacy, out of step with the trend towards distributed and collaborative discourse online that reassesses the notion that the public is simply a resource to be managed. This paper argues that the BBC experience provides lessons in how the media, and specifically public service broadcasters, can contribute towards greater political participation and democratic dialogue through the Internet by adopting Web 2.0 approaches that enable citizens to engage on different levels and at different times, depending on contexts.
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Sjøvaag, Helle, Truls André Pedersen, and Thomas Owren. "Is public service broadcasting a threat to commercial media?" Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 6 (2018): 808–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718818354.

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This article asks to what extent public service broadcasting’s online news service resembles that of commercial media. The context of this inquiry is claims of ‘out-crowding’ facing public service broadcasters across Europe. In Norway, commercial players in this debate accuse the public service broadcaster, NRK, of being too similar to competitors in the private sector for commercial operators to attain sustainable revenues in the online realm. To ascertain the extent to what these claims are warranted, this article compares NRK’s online content with that of nine commercial competitors in national and local markets, using a hybrid methodological approach combining quantitative content analysis with Latent Dirichlet allocation, analysing in excess of 115,000 documents. Findings show that commercial operators resemble each other more than they do NRK, indicating closer competition in the commercial segment than between the public service broadcaster and market players.
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de Vos, Jesse, Maarten Brinkerink, and GertJan Kuiper. "Public Broadcasting Footage in the Commons." Public Service Broadcasting in the Digital Age 8, no. 16 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc172.

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Around the release of the documentary series The Mind of the Universe (2017), public broadcaster VPRO and The Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision collaborated to distribute the raw materials shot for the series to be released under open licenses. This article reflects on those experiences and gives recommendations for the various stages of production for open licensing. It aims to lower the threshold for other public broadcasters that wish to publish materials in the commons.
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Jenssen, Anders Todal, and Toril Aalberg. "Why perceived political bias on TV does not inevitably lead to a polarized audience. The case of NRK and TV2 in Norway." Communications 44, no. 4 (2019): 382–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2018-2022.

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Abstract This paper investigates whether political polarization of the TV audience is emerging also in a typical democratic corporatist system. The study is motivated by the claim put forward by several US scholars, who argue that in today’s high choice information environments, partisans tend to see mainstream media as ‘hostile’ and therefore seek out and select broadcasters who confirm and deepen their worldview (Arceneaux and Johnson, 2013; Iyengar and Hahn, 2009; Tewksbury and Riles, 2015). This demand, they argue, expands the market for partisan TV and contributes to growing political polarization. We ask if there is evidence of a politically polarized Norwegian TV audience, by exploring the relationship between partisan preferences, perceived political bias and selective exposure to TV news. We find that many Norwegians believe that both the public broadcaster and the leading commercial broadcasters are politically biased. Consistent with the “hostile media hypothesis”, people on the right accuse the broadcasters of favoring the parties on the left, whereas people of the left tend to see the broadcasters as favoring the parties on the right, albeit not to the same degree. By using a survey experiment, our study also demonstrates that given the opportunity, the audience does select news stories consistent with their political beliefs from a politically ‘friendly’ broadcaster. However, they also choose news stories consistent with their political beliefs from a perceived hostile news source over politically inconsistent stories from a friendly source. This suggests that ‘friendly’ content triumphs perception of broadcaster bias. Despite widespread perceptions of partisan favoritism in the Norwegian TV market, we find few traces of a politically polarized audience. The main reason for this is that the public broadcaster still draws a wide audience across the political spectrum, as even critics consider this news source as too important and relevant to be ignored.
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Andrews, Hannah. "‘More than a Television Channel’." Convergent Television(s) 3, no. 6 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc065.

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Obliged by act of Parliament to ‘innovate and experiment’, Channel 4 has, since its birth in 1982, been the UK’s most pioneering commercial television broadcaster. Its arrival broadened the meaning, function and operations of public service broadcasting in the UK, with a particular focus on minorities and pushing boundaries, political and creative. In the late 1990s, though, it was under increasing threat from specialist pay-TV services that could more accurately target its audiences. As a commercially funded channel with public service responsibilities, Channel 4 was under increasing pressure to be financially independent and fulfil a challenging remit. Its response to a threatened income and increasing competition was to diversify its portfolio into various media related businesses, particularly taking advantage of the arrival of digital television to expand its offer. The subtitle of the Corporation’s 2000 Annual report, ‘More than a Television Channel’ indicates the confidence, optimism and boldness with which this expansion was approached. The rapid expansion of the channel’s portfolio in a time of relative confidence in the commercial viability of the television industry was to be reversed only a few years later, when, after it failed to produce the returns it was designed for, 4Ventures was drastically scaled back, and Channel 4 refocused its efforts on the core broadcast channel. Channel 4 therefore offers a test case in the limits of convergence as a strategy for survival for British broadcasters at the arrival of digital television. This paper focuses specifically on the areas of Channel 4’s strategy that pertained to one of the broadcaster’s particular strengths: film culture. It explores one of the film offshoots of 4Ventures: FilmFour Ltd, the film finance, production, sales and distribution company and how its failure to find a commercial hit mirrors the general problems for a commercial public service broadcaster in expanding to become a convergent television company.
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Norris, Paul. "Public Broadcasting in the Digital Age: Issues for Television in New Zealand." Media International Australia 117, no. 1 (2005): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511700106.

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New Zealand has a unique model of public broadcasting for television. The state broadcaster is almost totally commercial, although since 2003 it has been given a charter and some limited public funding. A state agency, NZ On Air, administers funding contestable between national broadcasters for public broadcasting, meaning in essence local (national) content in the threatened genres of drama, documentary, children's and minority programs. But this system is under challenge from the rise of multi-channel and the transition to digital. Audiences are fragmenting and the combined impact of broadband, the PVR and VOD threaten the notion of the broadcast schedule and the viability of commercial free-to-air television itself. The concluding section of this paper examines issues for the New Zealand model in adapting to the digital challenge, and looks at the criteria on which the model's success or failure may be judged.
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Hanretty, Chris. "The concept of pluralism in the Italian public media." Modern Italy 16, no. 1 (2011): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2010.485371.

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In this paper it is argued that the concept of pluralism – the most important value in the Italian media debate – is conceptually confused. The author identifies three mutually incompatible conceptions of pluralism used when discussing the public broadcaster Rai: (1) structural pluralism, satisfied when the public broadcaster is divided into autonomous channels or programme groups; (2) summative pluralism, satisfied when output is divided between political actors according to some ideal distribution; and (3) pluralism ‘lottizzato’, satisfied when a number of different political positions are ‘represented’ by journalists within the broadcaster.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Tichonovaite, Monika. "The Public Service Broadcaster of Lithuania in the Era of Commercialization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154398.

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The television industry in Lithuania is analyzed in this thesis with a focus on the impact of commercialization on the public service broadcaster. The purpose of the research paper is to describe the impact of the changing market on the public service broadcaster of Lithuania using as theoretical framework the approach of the political economy of the media and communication and quantitative methods. One part of the thesis is the theoretical research, which is done by analyzing and systematically presenting books and articles that relate to the thesis’s topic. In the second part of the work, the theoretical framework is applied to the Lithuanian television market. In addition, an empirical study is conducted in order to apply the theoretical discussion and answer the main research question. The main results of the study suggest that the public service broadcaster of Lithuania managed to maintain its programmes’ diversity. However, the amount of entertainment, imported production and advertising has increased. Therefore, a certain concern about growing commercialization is reasonable. These changes correspond to the tendencies in the European television industry. However, Lithuanian viewers seem to prefer the more heavily commercialized programmes since the leader of the market is a commercial television station, whose market share is almost twice bigger than LTV’s. Thus, LTV is facing a dilemma between preserving quality and diversity and commercializing its programmes in order to increase its audience share (dilemma between quality and audience share).
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Masuku, John. "The public broadcaster model and the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) : an analytical study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6527.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this analytical study was to establish whether the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) operates as a true public broadcaster or as a state-controlled broadcaster. The performance of the ZBC was analysed through its main 8.00 pm television news bulletins broadcast during the period between the signing of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) by the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front, ZANU (PF) and the two Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) political parties in September 2008 and the establishment of the inclusive Government of National Unity (GNU) in February 2009. The study was undertaken from within the paradigms of the Social Responsibility Theory as this was deemed the most applicable in terms of the research subject. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied as part of a process of triangulation. The qualitative research method, as the main methodological approach, was applied to solicit views and opinions of participants by use of questionnaires designed to interview specific interviewees, namely the ZBC journalists and spokespersons for the various political parties now in the GNU. The journalists explained how they gathered and packaged news bulletins having to endure some government interference on a regular basis. The MDCs' spokespersons outlined how the ZBC denied them broadcast time for their rallies, press statements and participation in live debates. ZANU (PF) was of the view that the MDC parties only wanted to blame the previous ZANU (PF) government through “unsubstantiated” remarks about bias and the breakdown of the rule of law and absence of democracy and freedom of expression in the country. This, according to ZANU (PF), they did in order to please their alleged Western financiers like Britain and the United States who imposed targeted sanctions on the country. Through the analysis of political parties' accessibility to the main television news bulletins, the research confirmed the assumption that the ZBC is still biased in favour of the former sole ruling ZANU (PF) party which is also in charge of the information ministry in the GNU. The study concluded that since the ZBC, as a public-funded institution, was clearly not accessible to different political parties and civic society groups in order for them to participate in a crucial nation-building process, it failed to fulfil its expected mandate as a public broadcaster. By also negating a social responsibility role that calls for high professional conduct, fairness and objectivity expected of public broadcasters, this study showed that the ZBC was still a state-controlled broadcaster that needs to be reformed.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie analitiese studie was om vas te stel of die Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) as 'n ware openbare uitsaaier of as 'n staatsbeheerde uitsaaier funksioneer. Die werkverrigting van die ZBC is geanaliseer deur die 8 nm-TV-bulletin gedurende die periode tussen die ondertekening van die Global Political Agreement (GPA), deur die Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front, ZANU (PF) en die twee Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) politieke partye in September 2008 en die totstandkoming van die inklusiewe Government of National Unity (GNU) in Februarie 2009 te bestudeer. Beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes is toegepas deur dit met die proses van triangulering te kombineer. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode, wat die hoof-metodologiese benadering is, is aangewend om perspektiewe en opinies van deelnemers te verkry, deur gebruik te maak van vraelyste wat ontwerp is vir spesifieke deelnemers, naamlik die ZBC joernaliste en woordvoerders van die verskillende politieke partye, tans in die GNU. Die joernaliste verduidelik hoe hulle met die inwin van nuus en samestelling van nuusbulletins inmenging van die staat op 'n gereelde basis moes verduur. Woordvoerders van die MDC het in breë trekke uiteengesit hoe die ZBC hul uitsaaityd geweier het vir hul byeenkomste, persverklarings en deelname aan regstreekse debatte. Die ZANU (PF)-deelnemers is van mening dat die MDC- partye net die vorige regering wou blameer deur "ongesubstansieerde‟ opmerkings te maak oor vooroordeel en die ontbinding van die oppergesag van die gereg, die afwesigheid van demokrasie en vryheid van spraak in die land. Dit sou hulle doen om hul beweerde Westerse finansiers, soos Brittanje en die Verenigde State, wat geteikende sanksies op die partyleierskap opgelê het, insluitende president Robert Mugabe, tevrede te stel. 'n Analise van die politieke partye se toegang tot die hooftelevisie-nuusbulletins bevestig die hipotese dat die ZBC steeds die vorige enkel regerende ZANU (PF)-party wat in beheer van die inligtingsministerie in die GNU is, bevoordeel. Die slotsom is dat, aangesien die ZBC, 'n openbaar-gefinansierde instansie, ontoeganklik vir verskillende politieke partye en burgerlike gemeenskapsgroepe is, hulle van deelname aan 'n belangrike nasiebouproses uitgesluit is. Daarmee faal die ZBC in sy veronderstelde mandaat van 'n ware openbare uitsaaier, asook sy sosiale verantwoordelikheidsrol, wat hoë professionele gedrag, regverdigheid en objektiwiteit van openbare uitsaaiers vereis. Die studie bewys die ZBC is steeds 'n staatsbeheerde uitsaaier wat hervorm moet word.
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Wu, Sok Han. "To what extent does Teledifusao de Macau (TDM) fulfill its role as a public service broadcaster?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2162009.

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Kapiri, Francis. "Producing journalism about climate change for news and agricultural radio: a case study of Malawi's public broadcaster." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6375.

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This study investigates how radio journalists at the Malawian public broadcaster (MBC) experience the task of producing content that can help their audiences to engage with the local relevance of climate change. This study establishes terms of reference for this research by mapping out international histories of public engagement with the concept of climate change in the domains of science, politics and the media. It describes how contestations around climate change have evolved within these spheres and concludes that such contestation is shaped by relations of power that inform the international economic domain. The study then examines scholarly evaluations of journalism about climate change, concluding that such evaluation is grounded in distinct normative understandings of the social purpose of such journalism. It is argued that research about Malawian journalists’ experience of reporting on climate change should draw on knowledge of the role that norms play within this local environment. With this goal in mind, the study reviews tools for the analysis of the normative foundations of journalism within specific socio-historic contexts. It demonstrates the relevance of these tools for the identification of norms and their influence on journalism about climate change in the Malawian context. The empirical component of the study draws on this framework by means of a case study of the experiences of journalists working at the MBC. It examines how these journalists experience the task of producing content that enables their audiences to engage with the local relevance of climate change. It compares such experience as articulated by journalists working for agricultural and news programming. It is concluded that the participants have access to credible knowledge about climate change and its relevance to the Malawian context. Based on such knowledge, they articulate a shared understanding of climate change and its relevance to the Malawian context. However, the study identifies differences in the way that the two groups make sense of the practice of producing journalism about climate change that is of relevance to their audience. In particular, the agricultural journalists incorporate a more inclusive and diverse set of norms into their conceptualisation of such practice. At the same time, the two groups nevertheless respond similarly when commenting on institutional factors at MBC that constrain or enable them to produce journalism about climate change that is guided by such norms. They place emphasis on the need for MBC to provide opportunities for journalists to have access to training, facilitated by organisations that have expertise in climate change journalism. It is concluded that the participants recognise that, despite the entrenched culture of authoritarianism at MBC, such workshops can contribute fundamentally to the shaping of journalistic practice within this broadcaster.
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Sweeney, Bill. "RTÉ : public service broadcaster? : an examination using an analysis of broadcasting schedules and content, and the perceptions of staff." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436576.

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Spiteri, Joanna. "The challenge of achieving impartiality in Maltese TV news programming." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21182.

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This study examines some of the challenges that Maltese broadcasting is facing with respect to the news programming produced by the public service broadcaster and by the other two political stations. The thesis also investigates the concepts of balance and objectivity in news reporting and analyzes the extent to which Maltese TV news programmes succeed in providing balanced, impartial and accurate accounts. Special attention is paid to the role of the public service broadcaster, but consideration is also given to the part played by the two Maltese political stations competing with the public service broadcaster. A particular aim of this study is to measure how the requirement to preserve impartiality and balance impinges on the content of TV news bulletins and current affairs programmes produced by PSB and the other two political stations. The study will also consider the impact of current broadcasting regulations and will examine the degree to which such legislation is relevant in the attempt to achieve impartiality and balance in Maltese news broadcasting. As a basis for the study the thesis focuses on a sample of news programming material broadcast on the three television stations in Malta during a Local Council electoral campaign. The aim is to assess how various news messages are communicated to audiences and to consider whether such messages are perceived as impartial and balanced by the viewers. The study explores how news workers and news producers strive to achieve impartiality and balance in their day-to-day practices. Finally the thesis makes one or two tentative suggestions as to how current broadcasting legislation might be amended in order for the Broadcasting Authority can become a more effective watchdog and is able to intervene in cases where news programming is not deemed to be balanced and impartial.
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Andrews, Hannah. "Public service broadcasters and British cinema, 1990–2010." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44037/.

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The relationship between television institutions and film in Britain has a complex history, influenced by profound changes in both industries over time. The involvement of public service broadcasters (PSBs) in British cinema has been a regularly-acknowledged, but under-examined phenomenon. There is a dearth of up-to-date scholarship dealing with the relationship, particularly as it unfolded over the turbulent decades of the 1990s and 2000s. This thesis updates and expands the existing field on the relationship between British television and film cultures. It does so by examining the ways in which PSBs have been involved in film culture, as producers, distributors and exhibitors. It also discusses the significant changes to this relationship wrought by the coming into dominance of digital technologies, and the responses of the PSBs to digitalisation. The body of the thesis is separated into two parts. Part One examines the relationship between television and film at the end of the analogue era, ending roughly in 2002. The first chapter explores the historical background to television films in Britain, discussing the semantic turn from describing single dramas shown on television as ‘plays’ and ‘films’. The second chapter outlines three case studies which explore the relationship between television and distribution. The third chapter discusses the industrial relationship between film and television, and the distinct discourses of ‘quality’ applied to each form. The second part of the thesis discusses the effects of digital technologies on the PSB’s role as producer, distributor and exhibitor of films. Chapter Four explores the position of the PSB as patron of low-budget, digital production schemes. In Chapter Five, the opening night and subsequent decade of broadcasting on the FilmFour digital television channel is analysed. Chapter Six takes as its subject the online film output of the BBC, particularly via its iPlayer platform, and its short film distribution network, the BBC Film Network.
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Thao, Nguyen Dinh, and n/a. "News broadcasts and problems for EFL learners." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.125724.

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English is the language studied by the majority of students at the Institute of International Relations in Vietnam. News broadcasts are used as teaching material since, for instance, graduates will need to monitor news broadcasts as part of their work. Students constantly encounter difficulties in listening to the news broadcasts on English-speaking radio. The purpose of this Study is therefore to identify factors which may cause problems for Vietnamese listeners to English news broadcasts. This Study presents the findings from questionnaires related to radio listening and the findings from an analysis of news extracts in English and Vietnamese. In the conclusion to the study implications for the teaching of radio broadcast listening in Vietnam are discussed.
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Markman, Martin Alexander Jarnfeld, and Stian Tokheim. "Reliable Broadcast Contribution over the Public Internet." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19294.

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Broadcast contribution is point-point media transfer from recording sites to local editing studios, between studio facilities and to distribution centers. The contribution phase has strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements to reliability and bandwidth - any error might degrade end users Quality of Experience (QoE) in the consecutive distribution phase. Dedicated IP contribution networks has become the preferred technology for contribution from content creation sites. Occasionally, however, contribution happens at a site without access to a dedicated IP contribution network - in which case the broadcaster must utilize less optimal technologies. Based on IP, the public Internet may be a superior solution in some scenarios due to high bandwidth and geographical coverage - if the internet can conform to strict contribution requirements to QoS and QoE. This thesis attempts to give a clear answer to this question. Our investigation was done in three parts. First, we uncovered recent Internet QoS trends in Norway. We found that the internet has become an Internet video delivery platform, which in turn has resulted in bandwidth increase in access networks. Bandwidth in residential access links now conforms to contribution requirements. ISPs make profit according to the level of offered QoS, broadcasters can therefore expect high QoS. Also, broadcasters can buy QoS guarantees, which may be a viable and safe solution. Secondly, we recorded over 21 hours of Internet QoS statistics on a connection traversing 11 routers and one peering point. The measured level of every QoS metric (packet loss, jitter and re-ordering) conformed to professional contribution network requirements, except the rate of packet loss bursts. However, no burst above 200 ms was recorded and no two consecutive bursts happened within a 2 second time frame. Based on this, we explained how simple error control strategies can correct or mask packet loss burst with a 200-250 ms delay tradeoff and 15-30% bandwidth overhead. Third, we did subjective tests in the Internet with two professional JPEG2000 contribution gateways delivered by T-Vips. A full movie was encoded at 70 Mbit/s, a bitrate used for very high quality contribution, and shown to a test panel of 24 participants. By analyzing questionnaires, we proved that contribution over the internet yield equally good QoE as cable TV. Also, we found that noticeable degradations due to packet loss happened once per hour on average. Furthermore, packet loss bursts below 4 ms was generally not visible to the viewers. Because the Internet provides both the required QoS and QoE, we concluded that broadcasters can do contribution over the Internet at the required level of quality whenever this is a favorable option.
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Litvack, Samara Rose. "Talking Heads: How Broadcast Media Frame the Public Relations Industry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1396.

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Researchers conducted a content analysis to measure framing of the public relations industry in 354 English language broadcast transcripts from the United States, Canada, and Australia from Sept. 1, 2009 to Aug. 31, 2010. The overall tone toward public relations was strongly negative. Mentions reflected one-way forms of communication and mentions of the pejorative term "PR" appeared more frequently than mentions of "public relations". The profession was almost always mentioned within the body of the broadcast, as opposed to the headline or the lead paragraph. Exploratory research showed 15 shows that included negative mentions 100% of the time. Additionally, 27 shows included zero positive mentions of either term. Of 251 speakers recorded during data analysis, 126 spoke of the industry negatively 100% of the time. American shows were most often negative. Stories about the public relations industry were most likely to reflect public relations as a two-way form of communication.
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Books on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Downie, Peter. Fresh air: The private thoughts of a public broadcaster. Northstone Pub., 1997.

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Nyasha, Nyakunu, ed. Missing voices from within: A report on the voices featured in Zimbabwe's national broadcasters as an assessment of its nature as a public broadcaster. Media Institute of Southern Africa, 2007.

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Institute, David Hume, ed. Public broadcasters: Accountability and efficiency. Edinburgh University Press, 1992.

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Whitaker, Wayne R. Mediawriting: Print, broadcast, and public relations. 2nd ed. L. Erlbaum Associates, 2004.

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E, Ramsey Janet, and Smith Ronald D. 1948-, eds. Mediawriting: Print, broadcast, and public relations. 4th ed. Routledge, 2012.

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Whitaker, Wayne R. Mediawriting: Print, broadcast, and public relations. Longman, 2000.

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E, Ramsey Janet, and Smith Ronald D. 1948-, eds. Mediawriting: Print, broadcast, and public relations. 3rd ed. Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group, 2008.

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Histories of public service broadcasters on the web. Peter Lang, 2012.

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Public radio: Behind the voices. CDS Books, 2006.

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Grainne, Andrews, and McGibbon Robin 1965-, eds. For ever and ever, Eamonn: The public and private life of Eamonn Andrews. Grafton Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Wagman, Ira. "Should Canada Have an International Broadcaster?" In Canada's Public Diplomacy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62015-2_7.

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Iosifidis, Petros, and Stylianos Papathanassopoulos. "Greek ERT: State or Public Service Broadcaster?" In Public Service Broadcasting and Media Systems in Troubled European Democracies. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02710-0_7.

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Thumim, Nancy, and Lilie Chouliaraki. "BBC and New Media: Legitimization Strategies of a Public Service Broadcaster in a Corporate Market Environment." In Media, Organizations and Identity. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248397_3.

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Kanayama, Tsutomu. "The Japanese Public Broadcaster NHK and Its Related Policy: The Origin of Public Broadcasting and Changing Policy Environment in the Digital Transformation." In Advances in Information and Communication Research. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4704-1_2.

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Węglińska, Agnieszka. "Public service media – public broadcasters." In Public Television in Poland. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003201618-3.

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Eggensperger, Jim, and Natalie Redcross. "Broadcast Research." In Data-Driven Public Relations Research. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315196688-16.

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Donders, Karen. "Regulating public broadcasters’ moving online." In Public Service Media in Europe. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351105569-11.

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Hendy, David. "Service: The Ethos of the Broadcasters." In Public Service Broadcasting. Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32898-4_5.

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Papathanassopoulos, Stylianos, and Ralph Negrine. "Public Broadcasters in the Digital Age." In Communications Policy. Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09447-6_8.

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Pavani, Giorgia. "The Organization of the Public Broadcasters." In The Structure and Governance of Public Service Broadcasting. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96731-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Rexha, Gjylije. "Law as an Instrument for Political Influence over Kosovo’s Public Broadcaster." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. University for Business and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2015.13.

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"Audiences Opinion Research The Role and Function of Public Broadcaster in Indonesia." In Jan. 31-Feb. 1, 2017 Bali (Indonesia). EIRAI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eirai.iah0217003.

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Rexha, Givlie. "The Autonomy of News Journalists of Kosovo’s Public Service Broadcaster between Political Instrumentalization and Social Responsibility." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. University for Business and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2016.35.

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Castro, Marta Rodriguez. "Public value tests in the British and German public broadcasters." In 2015 10th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisti.2015.7170618.

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Jin Xu and Biao Chen. "Broadcast confidential and public messages." In 42nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2008.4558600.

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Castro, Marta Rodriguez, and Francisco Campos Freire. "The notion of public value in European public broadcasters: The cases of the United Kingdom, Austria and Germany." In 2017 12th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2017.7976033.

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Chakraborty, Mithun, Kai Yee Phoebe Chua, Sanmay Das, and Brendan Juba. "Coordinated Versus Decentralized Exploration In Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandits." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/24.

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In this paper, we introduce a multi-agent multi-armed bandit-based model for ad hoc teamwork with expensive communication. The goal of the team is to maximize the total reward gained from pulling arms of a bandit over a number of epochs. In each epoch, each agent decides whether to pull an arm, or to broadcast the reward it obtained in the previous epoch to the team and forgo pulling an arm. These decisions must be made only on the basis of the agent’s private information and the public information broadcast prior to that epoch. We first benchmark the achievable utility by analyzing an idealized version of this problem where a central authority has complete knowledge of rewards acquired from all arms in all epochs and uses a multiplicative weights update algorithm for allocating arms to agents. We then introduce an algorithm for the decentralized setting that uses a value-of-information based communication strategy and an exploration-exploitation strategy based on the centralized algorithm, and show experimentally that it converges rapidly to the performance of the centralized method.
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Bermudez, Andrea Valencia, and Francisco Campos Freire. "The challenge to strenghten the value of PSM: Public broadcasters in recession." In 2015 10th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisti.2015.7170585.

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Tunez-Lopez, Miguel, and Carmen Costa-Sanchez. "Corporate online networks and channels: Communication strategies of main European public broadcasters." In 2017 12th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2017.7976037.

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Lotspiech, Jeffrey B. "Broadcast encryption versus public key cryptography in content protection systems." In the nineth ACM workshop. ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1655048.1655055.

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Reports on the topic "Public broadcaster"

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Pérez-Seijo, S., M. Melle Goyanes, and FJ Paniagua Rojano. Innovation in European public broadcasters: immersive narratives and organization of 360-degree contents on digital platforms. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2018-1299en.

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Manhiça, Anésio, Alex Shankland, Kátia Taela, Euclides Gonçalves, Catija Maivasse, and Mariz Tadros. Alternative Expressions of Citizen Voices: The Protest Song and Popular Engagements with the Mozambican State. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.001.

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This study examines Mozambican popular music to investigate three questions: Are notions of empowerment and accountability present in popular music in Mozambique? If so, what can these existing notions of empowerment and accountability reveal about relations between citizens and state institutions in general and about citizen-led social and political action in particular? In what ways is popular music used to support citizen mobilisation in Mozambique? The discussion is based on an analysis of 46 protest songs, interviews with musicians, music producers and event promoters as well as field interviews and observations among audiences at selected popular music concerts and public workshops in Maputo city. Secondary data were drawn from radio broadcasts, digital media, and social networks. The songs analysed were widely played in the past two decades (1998–2018), a period in which three different presidents led the country. Our focus is on the protest song, conceived as those musical products that are concerned with public affairs, particularly public policy and how it affects citizens’ social, political and economic life, and the relationship between citizens and the state.
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Mudge, Christopher R., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Comparison of Generic and Proprietary Aquatic Herbicides for Control of Invasive Vegetation : Part 2. Emergent Plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39679.

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Aquatic herbicides are one of the most effective and widespread ways to manage nuisance vegetation in the US After the active ingredient is selected, often there are numerous proprietary and generic branded products to select from. To date, limited efforts have been made to compare the efficacy of brand name and generic herbicides head to head; therefore, at tot al of 20 mesocosm trials were conducted to evaluate various 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr products against alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), southern cattail (hereafter referred to as cattail, Typha domingensis Pers.), and creeping water primrose (hereafter referred as primrose, Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven). All active ingredients were applied to foliage at broadcast rates commonly used in applications to public waters. Proprietary and generic 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr were efficacious and provided 39 to 99% control of alligatorweed, cattail and primrose in 19 of the 20 trials. There were no significant differences i n product performance except glyphosate vs. alligatorweed (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Roundup Custom) and glyphosate vs. cattail (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Glyphosate 5.4). These results demonstrate under small -scale conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides provided similar control of emergent vegetation, regardless of active ingredient
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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