Academic literature on the topic 'Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
1
Valieva, A. R. "Environmental management through public control." BIO Web of Conferences 179 (2025): 18001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517918001.
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One of the global challenges of our time is the environmental situation deterioration. The environmental management system is designed to ensure the order and consistency of solving environmental issues through approved methods, procedures, and processes. Public participation plays a special role in this process. The forms of public participation in environmental protection may vary. The article examines management process in natural resource management, the use of public control in the field of environmental safety, in particular, the development of the institute of public inspector for environmental protection in the Russian Federation. Meeting the necessary public need in the field of environmental safety requires bringing public control in the environmental field into a certain organized system with appropriate norms and rules. The paper analyzes the practical and legal foundations of public inspection, identifies a number of areas for improving the activities of environmental inspectors.
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Machuska, I., O. Titova, and I. Argatiuk. "PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE SPHERE OF OVERUSE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 91 (June 26, 2024): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12541144.
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The article is devoted to the research of the institute of public control in the field of subsoil use. It is noted that the formation and functioning of an effective state objectively requires the establishment of public control, which will allow the authorities to competently perform their duties and take into account the interests of citizens. It has been proven that public control is a function of civil society, therefore it is a way of involving the population in managing society and the state. It was established that one of the types of public control is public ecological control. It was found that public environmental control is a type of environmental control that is carried out by public environmental inspectors in accordance with legislation. The purpose, objects and subjects of public environmental control are analyzed. The article provides the author's definition of public control in the field of subsoil use. It was noted that public control in the field of subsoil use plays a significant role in ensuring the protection and rational use of subsoil. The article analyzes the legal regulation of public control in the field of environmental protection, including clean and subsoil use. The legal status of public inspectors in the field of environmental protection is analyzed. It is noted that public control over the use and protection of subsoil does not have a regulatory document that would regulate the position of the above-mentioned control subjects. A conclusion was drawn on the expediency of adopting the Law of Ukraine "On Public Environmental Control" with a separate section "Public Control in the Sphere of Subsoil Use". It is proposed to grant public inspectors performing control functions in the field of subsoil use the status of public subsoil protection inspectors.
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Kichigin, Nikolay V. "Current Legal Problems of Public Control in the Field of Environmental Protection." Zakon 20, no. 10 (2023): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2023-20-10-76-85.
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Public participation in environmental protection is a prerequisite for effective environmental policy. Environmental legislation provides for public environmental control. The analysis of federal environmental legislation shows that there are a number of legal problems in the field of public environmental control that need to be eliminated. The main problem is the lack of a unified approach and the need to unify the models of legal regulation of public environmental control in various acts of environmental legislation, which generates legal uncertainties.
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Shofiev, Zoir. "LEGAL IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF WATER RESOURCES OF FARMS." Jurisprudence 2, no. 3 (2022): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.3./azca7261.
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This article examines the content and legal significance of state and public environmental control in the field of rational use of water resources by farms. The author emphasizes the importance of decrees and resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in improving environmental control. In this sense, environmental control has focused on ensuring the rational use of nature and the harmful effects on the environment. State control over the use and protection of water and water resources of farms should be carried out by local authorities, the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection, the Inspectorate for Control over the Agro-Industrial Complex under the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Water Resources. It describes the types of state and public environmental control in the field of water use by farms. Scientists from the CIS countries also presented proposals and recommendations for environmental control in the field of water use by farms. In this article, the author defines the role of environmental and public control in the use of water resources by farms in the laws “On environmental control” and “On public control”.
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Chopko, Khrystyna. "ГРОМАДСЬКИЙ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ: ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ЙОГО ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, № 77 (12 грудня 2023): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2023.77.235.
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The article discusses the legal foundations of public environmental control in accordance with national and international legislation requirements. The environmental policy implemented by Ukraine, allowing public participation in monitoring compliance with the legislation on rational use of natural resources, environmental protection, conservation, and the formation of an ecological network, as well as ensuring environmental safety, is analyzed. The main aspects and stages of the state policy on the introduction of public environmental control are investigated, identifying certain shortcomings and proposing ways to address them. The author pays attention to the analysis of national legislative acts regarding the legal regulation of public environmental control and its main differences from other forms of environmental control. The author also analyzes the Regulation on Public Environmental Inspectors, approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, which outlines the basic legal principles of public environmental control in Ukraine and provides a comprehensive list of requirements for individuals who wish to become environmental inspectors in the field of environmental protection, as well as defining the powers of public environmental inspectors. Furthermore, a number of other applicable legal acts regulating public control in the field of environmental protection are analyzed. These regulations require improvement and refinement, both in terms of conceptual apparatus and due to the absence of a unified structure for their placement. The article explores the implementation of law enforcement activities in the context of public environmental control carried out within the territory of Ukraine. International acts, including the Aarhus Convention, are also examined in terms of their regulation of public participation in environmental control. Keywords: environment, environmental control, types of environmental control, public environmental control, public environmental inspectors.
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Nurullaev, Shokhrukh. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN CONSTRUCTION." Jurisprudence 2, no. 3 (2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.3./ownz7445.
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This article discusses the procedure and legal framework for environmental control in the construction industry, as well as provides sound recommendations on legislation in this area. Norm of the field in question provide legal definitions for existing environmental terms. Special attention was also paid to public environmental control in the implementation of environmental control in the course of ongoing construction work. In particular, it is scientifically and theoretically analyzed that the globalization of urbanization processes, population growth, changes in infrastructure also affect the legislation in the field of environmental protection. Possible legal problems in the field are predicted and hypotheses to overcome thereof are put forward. The role of environmental control and environmental expertise in the construction industry is legally substantiated. The state and problems of compliance with environmental and legal requirements of construction activities carried out by entrepreneurs are enumerated. The benefits and limitations imposed on them are expressed from the environmental protection perspective. In the final part, specific proposals are addressed on the mechanisms for implementing by-laws in the field of environmental protection of the construction industry.
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Boldyriev, Serhii, Tatyana Steshenko, Svitlana Serohina, Svitlana Fomina, and Iryna Kapelista. "Exercise of State Control over Local Self-Government in the Field of Environmental Protection." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 20 (January 8, 2024): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2024.20.4.
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Today, environmental protection is a priority task for the governments of countries around the world due to the deepening of environmental problems and their impact on people's lives. Several problematic issues can and must be solved at the local level, which will make environmental policy more effective and take into account local needs. The study aimed to analyse the competence of local self-government bodies in terms of monitoring compliance with environmental legislation. A comparative analysis was used to study the issue of ensuring the protection of the environment and ecosystem by local self-government bodies through the prism of legal protection. During the research, several obstacles to the implementation of effective environmental protection measures at the local level were identified: the imperfection of the financing system, the lack of environmental awareness, the absence of effective administrative and procedural measures, and the imperfection of state control. In response to the identified problems, the positive experience of implementing the norms of the European Charter of Local Self-Government was investigated. It was established that the decentralization of local self-government had a positive effect on the protection of the ecosystem, as it brought local authorities closer to the public and provided local authorities with real powers to solve problems related to compliance with environmental legislation. In addition, to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms of state control over local self-government in the field of environmental protection, a system of principles of such control is proposed, consisting of publicity, systematicity, effectiveness, objectivity, impartiality, and universality. The proposed system will cover several key environmental problems and quickly and effectively solve them with the involvement of competent specialists and the public. The state of environmental protection at the local level is seen in further research and justification to determine practical recommendations for the implementation of decentralization of local self-government.
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Dalgaly, Tatyana, and Marina Vanslav. "Problems and prospects for the development of a public environmental control system." SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219404006.
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In Russia system of public environmental control is picking up momentum these days. It manages social relations in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. But it is not unique. It sometimes plays a crucial role, as in the case of diesel spillage in Norilsk in May 2020, but sometimes not. Natural resources have been developed all over the world for centuries with minimal environmental control. This is largely due to the fact that the adverse impact on the environment was not understood and assessed in the way it is now, and at that time the available technologies could not always prevent or control damage to the environment. The result of such unfavourable effect contaminated soils and water, flora and fauna, landscape and many others change. This article is devoted to the issues of improving the system of state and public control of environmental protection.
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Liutikov, P., and Ye Leheza. "Analysis of foreign experience of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy (administrative and legal basis of financial and environmental control)." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.01.60.
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The article makes an attempt to summarize the foreign experience of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy, namely, attention is focused on the administrative and legal foundations of financial and environmental control.
 The author draws attention to the fact that borrowing the experience of foreign countries in the field of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy should become one of the priority directions on the way to the reform of this institute by the public administration in Ukraine after the end of the war with Russia. However, as practice shows, blind borrowing of foreign experience gives insufficient effect, sometimes creates legislative contradictions, leads to gaps in the regulation of one or another type of legal relationship, significantly reduces the level of efficiency of public administration in general and control in particular. Considering this caveat, it is important and necessary, along with borrowing foreign experience, to take into account national traditions and trends in the field of rulemaking and public administration.
 It is noted that the system of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy in foreign countries is an important and indispensable institution of state administration. The main influence on the part of the controlling bodies of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise in foreign countries is mainly directed by the tax and environmental protection authorities. Positive experience in the implementation of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy of such countries as the People's Republic of China, Germany, the USA, and Austria should be taken into account by the Ukrainian state when determining the principles of control activity in the specified field of public administration. In addition, it is extremely important, in the context of Ukraine's European integration efforts, to take into account the experience of the European Union states in this area.
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Li, Xinjie. "Dynamic Combination Evaluation Method of Rural Environmental Pollution Control Effect." Complexity 2021 (April 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531677.
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In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious, and environmental pollution has become a topic of concern. PM2.5, PM10, hazy weather, and other words about environmental pollution have become hot words and topics for the media and the public to talk about, and environmental pollution control is called for by the media and the public. This reflects the rapid development of economy and the obvious changes in people’s living standards, and people have higher requirements and aspirations for their lives and the environment they live in, and their awareness of environmental protection is getting stronger and stronger; however, it also reflects that the rapid development of the economy comes at the cost of damaging the environment. This paper analyzes the current situation and governance dilemma of rural environment by means of field research from dynamic portfolio evaluation theory, explains the problems and causes of environmental pollution management under the requirement of polycentric governance, and proposes countermeasures to solve the problem of environmental pollution management in county. The paper aims to analyze the current state of environmental pollution in rural areas through literature review, villagers’ field interviews, and field research and to explain the application of polycentric governance to rural environmental pollution management in county in the region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
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Yamoah, Emmanuel. "A model system using insects to vector Fusarium tumidum for biological control of gorse (Ulex europaeus)." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080131.114607/.
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The overall objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that insects can vector F.
tumidum conidia to infect gorse plants with the aim of developing an alternative approach to mycoherbicide delivery to control weeds. Four potential insect species (Apion ulicis, Cydia ulicetana, Epiphyas postvittana and Sericothrips staphylinus) were assessed for their ability to vector F. tumidum conidia. To achieve this, the external microflora (bacteria and fungi) and the size and location of fungal spores on the cuticle of these insect species were determined. In addition, the ability of the insects to pick up and deposit F. tumidum conidia on agar was studied. Based on the results from these
experiments, E. postvittana was selected for more detailed experiments to determine transmission of F. tumidum to infect potted gorse plants. The factors promoting pathogenicity of F. tumidum against gorse and the pathogen loading required to infect and kill the weed were also determined.
The external microflora of the four insect species were recovered by washing and plating
techniques and identified by morphology and polymerase chain reaction restriction
fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of internally transcribed
spacer (ITS) and 16S rDNA. A culture-independent technique (direct PCR) was also used
to assess fungal diversity by direct amplification of ITS sequences from the washings of the insects. All insect species carried Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nectria, Penicillium,
Phoma, Pseudozyma spp. and entomopathogens. Ninety four per cent of the 178 cloned
amplicons had ITS sequences similarity to Nectria mauritiicola. E. postvittana carried the
largest fungal spores (mean surface area of 125.9 ìm2) and the most fungal CFU/insect.
About 70% of the fungi isolated from the insects were also present on the host plant
(gorse) and the understorey grass. The mean size of fungal spores recovered from the
insect species correlated strongly with their body length (R² = 85%). Methylobacterium
aquaticum and Pseudomonas lutea were common on all four insect species.
Pseudomonas fluorescens was the most abundant bacterial species.
In the pathogenicity trials, the effectiveness of F. tumidum in reducing root and shoot
biomass of 16 and 8 wk old gorse plants was significantly increased with wounding of the
plants. Older plants (32 wk old) which were wounded and inoculated were significantly
shorter, more infected and developed more tip dieback (80%) than plants which were not
wounded (32%). This indicates that damage caused by phytophagous insect species
present on gorse through feeding and oviposition may enhance infection by F. tumidum.
Wounding may release nutrients (e.g. Mg and Zn) essential for conidia germination and
germ tube elongation and also provide easier access for germ tube penetration. Conidial
germination and germ tube length were increased by 50 and 877%, respectively when
incubated in 0.2% of gorse extract solution for 24 h compared with incubation in water.
Inoculum suspensions amended with 0.2% of gorse extract caused more infection and
significantly reduced biomass production of 24 wk old gorse plants than suspensions
without gorse extract. A minimum number of about 900 viable conidia/infection site of F.
tumidum were required to infect gorse leaves. However, incorporation of amendments
(which can injure the leaf cuticle) or provision of nutrients (i.e. gorse extract or glucose)
in the formulation might decrease the number of conidia required for lesion formation.
Scanning electron micrographs showed that germ tube penetration of gorse tissue was
limited to open stomata which partly explain the large number of conidia required for
infection. The flowers and leaves were more susceptible to F. tumidum infection than the
spines, stems and pods. An experiment to determine the number of infection sites
required to cause plant mortality showed that the entire plant needs to be inoculated in
order for the pathogen to kill 10 wk old plants as F. tumidum is a non systemic pathogen.
The number of infection sites correlated strongly with disease severity (R² = 99.3%). At
least 50% of the plant was required to be inoculated to cause a significant reduction in
shoot dry weight. F. tumidum, applied as soil inoculant using inoculated wheat grains in three separate experiments, significantly suppressed gorse seedling emergence and biomass production.
In experiments to determine the loading capacity of the insect species, E. postvittana, the
largest insect species studied, carried significantly more (68) and deposited significantly more (29) F. tumidum conidia than the other species. Each E. postvittana, loaded with 5,000 conidia of F. tumidum, transmitted approximately 310 conidia onto gorse plants but
this did not cause any infection or affect plant growth as determined by shoot fresh
weight and shoot height. E. postvittana on its own did not cause any significant damage
to gorse and did not enhance F. tumidum infection. It also failed to spread the pathogen
from infected plants to the healthy ones. There was no evidence of synergism between the
two agents and damage caused by the combination of both E. postvittana and F. tumidum
was equivalent to that caused by F. tumidum alone.
This study has shown that E. postvittana has the greatest capacity to vector F. tumidum
since it naturally carried the largest and the most fungal spores (429 CFU/insect).
Moreover, it naturally carried Fusarium spp. such as F. lateritium, F. tricinctum and
Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph Fusarium sambucinum) and was capable of carrying and
depositing most F. tumidum conidia on agar. Coupled with the availability of pheromone
for attracting the male insects, E. postvittana may be a suitable insect vector for
delivering F. tumidum conidia on gorse using this novel biocontrol strategy. Although it
is a polyphagous insect, and may visit non-target plants, F. tumidum is a very specific
pathogen of gorse, broom and a few closely related plant species. Hence, using this insect
species to vector F. tumidum in a biological control programme, should not pose a
significant threat to plants of economic importance. However, successful control of gorse
using this "lure-load-infect" concept would depend, to a large extent on the virulence of
the pathogen as insects, due to the large size of F. tumidum macroconidia, can carry only
a small number of it.
Books on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
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Rich, Gerald A. Hiring/getting hired in the environmental field. Cahners Pub. Co., 1994.
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Nitschke, Christoph. Occupational structures and profiles in the Federal Republic of Germany in the field of environmental protection in the public service sector with reference to air pollution control. CEDEFOP-European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 1994.
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3
ECOTEC Research and Consulting Limited., ed. Occupational and qualification structures in the field of environmental protection in the public sector with reference to air pollution control: United Kingdom. CEDEFOP, European Centre for Development of Vocational Training, 1992.
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4
Mannocci, Virgilio. Occupational structures and profiles in Italy in the field of environmental protection in the public service sector with reference to air pollution control. CEDEFOP-European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 1994.
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5
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Providing necessary flood protection to protect coastal communities: Field hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, May 15, 2015, New Orleans, LA. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.
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6
Avhadeev, V., L. Bitkova, C. Bogolyubov, et al. Implementation of the Law on Responsible Treatment of Animals: from the quality of norms to effective law enforcement. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1410760.
Full textAbstract:
The collection contains articles on the quality of the conceptual apparatus and terminology of Federal Law No. 498-FZ of December 27, 2018 "On Responsible Treatment of Animals and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", the subject of its legal regulation, the effectiveness of the mechanism for its implementation laid down in the law, state supervision and public control in the field of animal treatment. The problems of organizing the activities of animal shelters without owners, protecting animals from abuse and responsibility for such offenses, directions and ways to improve Federal Law No. 498-FZ and the practice of its application are also highlighted. Attention is paid not only to modern, but also to historical, international and foreign experience of legal regulation of the considered social relations, norms-requirements, restrictions and prohibitions in the field of keeping and using animals, moral and ethical aspects of interaction between people and animals, which emphasizes the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the presented research. 
 The publication is addressed to lawyers-scientists and practitioners, subjects of the law of legislative initiative, employees of state authorities and local self-government bodies directly involved in the application of the norms of Federal Law No. 498-FZ, employees of various organizations engaged in the maintenance, use and protection of animals, animal rights activists, students and postgraduates of law schools, as well as a wide range of readers interested in this issue.
7
Ghebrehewet, Sam, and Alex G. Stewart. Incidents and outbreak management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0020.
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Communicable disease outbreak investigation is one of the key health protection functions. The investigation of environmental situations and incidents is also a developing area in the field. This chapter takes an all-hazard approach to cover the general principles and practice of incident and outbreak investigation and management in all three domains of health protection (communicable disease control, emergency response, and environmental public health). It includes: the key definitions and steps in investigation of incidents and outbreaks; the practical approaches to managing incidents and outbreaks; the steps and processes in the investigation and control of emergency response and environmental public health incidents; and the overall approach to public health risk assessment in all three domains.
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Harrison, Henrietta, Naima Bradley, Greg Hodgson, Robie Kamanyire, and Andrew Kibble. Essentials of Environmental Public Health Science: A Handbook for Field Professionals. Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Ghebrehewet, Sam, Alex G. Stewart, and Ian Rufus. What is health protection? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0001.
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Health Protection is one of the core fields of public health work. It can be defined as: “The protection of individuals, groups and populations through expert advice and effective collaboration to prevent and mitigate the impact of infectious disease, environmental, chemical and radiological threats.” This chapter concisely sets out the breadth and nature of health protection practice across its three domains: communicable disease control, emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR), and environmental public health. The development of these domains and the scope of health protection are illustrated by a brief history of its development in England. The role of a specialist health protection service is also described.
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Ghebrehewet, Sam, and Alex G. Stewart. Who is involved in health protection? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0002.
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Health protection encompasses a wide range of professionals, with a complex skill mix, in a wide variety of fields, across all domains of public health, and in every corner of the globe. Contributions to health protection functions and activities are not limited to those who practice health protection professionally. Protecting the nation’s health relies on involvement and meaningful engagement of the general public, professionals, media, politicians, and many other parties. This chapter describes how the health protection functions delivered by specialized professionals are complemented by the roles of other individuals and organizations, from the lowest operator to the highest strategist. It also sets out the different roles of the organizations and staff providing health protection functions for communicable disease control, emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR), and environmental public health in the UK.
Book chapters on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
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Raafat, Raghda. "Public Interest Litigation in the Environmental Protection Field." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65203-5_48.
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Wąsowski, Krzysztof. "The Obligations of Public Entities." In Cybersecurity in Poland. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_20.
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AbstractThe author presents the structure and principles which the Polish legislature imposes on public entities in the field of cybersecurity. The analysed regulations cover government authorities, state control authorities, law enforcement authorities, courts (both common and special), local government units and their associations (including metropolitan unions), budgetary units and Budget establishments, executive agencies, budgetary institutions, the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and managed funds, the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the funds managed by its President, the National Health Found, public universities, and the Polish Academy of Sciences. In addition to these public finance entities, special cybersecurity obligations have been imposed on research institutes, the National Bank of Poland, Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), Office of Technical Inspection (UDT), the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PENSA), Polish Centre for Accreditation (PCA), the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM) and the provincial funds, as well as municipal companies. Despite differences in the form of activity (including possession or absence of legal personality), it is commonly agreed that the analysed regulations treat public entities as public administration authorities, at least in the functional sense, as evidenced by the indication that the obligations of public entities should be carried out within the framework of public tasks.
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Čtvrtník, Mikuláš. "Personality Rights, Privacy, and Post-mortem Privacy Protection in Archives: France and United Kingdom." In Archives and Records. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18667-7_3.
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AbstractThe chapter concentrates on personality rights, privacy, and post-mortem privacy protection in France and the United Kingdom. The French archival system applies several tools to protect the personality and privacy of the actors of archival materials. One of the tools at the basic level is the system of closure periods. On the one hand, France liberalised access to records, in a ground-breaking move in 2008, when it removed general closure periods which prevented access to the archives for 30 years after the record was created. However, France has maintained several closure periods for certain selected groups of archives. The second level of protection is represented by the French specific system of access to public archives under the “accès par dérogation”, which will be, among other things, examined in this chapter. Alongside France, the chapter will analyse the situation in the United Kingdom characterised by a highly decentralised system of access to public records, archives, and information in general. The specificity of the British model of access to archives and data protection lies in the establishment of multiple, multi-layered, and multi-faceted testing and examining public interest in the area of access to public records and archives. This is done in several phases; the first phase is carried out by the record and information creator, and the second phase then in the case of historical records (i.e., in the British legal system, records created more than 20 years ago) by the archives and at certain points at the national level by a specialised independent body: the Advisory Council on National Records and Archives. The chapter will demonstrate in detail the specificity of the British approach characterised by multi-faceted control and the existence of a range of mechanisms that guarantee the application of multiple public interests entering the field of access to records and information from different sides and perspectives.
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Le, Zhang, and Andrii Polyvianchuk. "ANALYSIS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF HEAT SUPPLY." In Science, technology and innovation in the context of global transformation. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-499-3-5.
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This paper takes the rational introduction of energy-saving and environmental protection technology in the field of heating as the theme. The purpose of the paper is to aiming to improve the ecological security of urbanized areas. The monograph makes a comprehensive analysis of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies in the field of heating, and analyzes in detail the pollutants produced by urban energy facilities in the heating process and their impact on the environment ; discuss the latest research progress of central heating, and how to promote the sustainable development of central heating system through technological innovation ; at the same time, the current situation of pollutant emission of central heating boilers is analyzed, the existing pollutant control technology is evaluated, and its improvement space is discussed. The technical progress of heating boilers in energy conservation and environmental protection is evaluated, and its contribution to urban ecological security is discussed. The negative impact of public energy system on the environment is discussed, and the corresponding environmental technology solutions are put forward. Finally, the development status of low-carbon heating industry at home and abroad is summarized. Results of the analysis can be used for the actual implementation and effectiveness evaluation of various environmental protection and energy saving technologies, and provide industry background for many researchers. Practical implications. Through the comparative study of domestic and foreign heating industry, it provides certain help and reference for improving energy conservation and environmental protection in the field of heating in various countries. Value/originality. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of common heating methods and their economy are compared.
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Blaschke, Thomas. "Environmental Monitoring and Management of Protected Areas through Integrated Ecological Information Systems - An EU Perspective." In Environmental Information Systems in Industry and Public Administration. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-02-0.ch005.
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Integrated ecological information systems are characterized by a broad range of thematic spatial data layers and a variety of specific application areas. Monitoring and management tasks differ widely and cover scales from local to continental. In European Nature Conservation the implementation of the habitat directive (92/43/EEC), the bird directive (79/409/EEC) and the Natura 2000 network requires a harmonized monitoring and management of the designated protection areas. This task challenges local authorities responsible for the individual sites as well as authorities on the national and EU level that are in charge of the assessment and channelling of the huge data flow arising with observation, documentation, and control mechanisms from the local sites. Environmental information systems with integrated Earth Observation (EO) will provide an essential contribution to the monitoring of NATURA 2000 sites and other protected areas of European importance beyond established mapping and classification approaches. Data streams from EO data processing and field ecological work will converge in an operational Geographic Information System (GIS) with a harmonized design but open to regional specifications. First case studies across Europe highlight the enormous stimulus of EU legislation on the development and harmonization of environmental monitoring and management procedures.
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Kundu, Debajyoti, Deblina Dutta, Subinoy Mondal, Smaranya Haque, Jatindra Nath Bhakta, and Bana Behari Jana. "Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology." In Handbook of Research on Inventive Bioremediation Techniques. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2325-3.ch013.
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Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.
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Kundu, Debajyoti, Deblina Dutta, Subinoy Mondal, Smaranya Haque, Jatindra Nath Bhakta, and Bana Behari Jana. "Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology." In Waste Management. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch054.
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Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.
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Zhai, Cheng, Jie Zhang, and Yiqi Chen. "Innovative Flow-Cleaning Faucet Design for Health Prevention in Public Places." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240088.
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With the rapid outbreak of the highly contagious disease of pneumococcal pneumonia worldwide, social unrest and panic are spreading rapidly. Although the episode has been brought under some control, we cannot relax our pace of self-protection. Epidemiological surveys have shown that hand contact is a more dangerous means of transmission than airborne transmission, so washing hands frequently is the best defense against the epidemic. However, in public places, people’s hand-wash behavior is often at risk of information, and there are situations where hand-wash facilities are difficult to meet the demand. Following the product development process and based on user demand points and pain points from field research, this paper explores the hand-cleaning challenges in public places. In response to this problem, we have redesigned the running water faucet. Through innovative product structure and function exploration, we aim to reduce the risk of disease transmission from the design perspective and contribute to creating a healthier social environment.
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Stojanović, Predrag. "O ZNAČAJU PRINCIPA „ZAGAĐIVAČ PLAĆA“– OSVRT NA POJEDINE ASPEKTE." In XXI vek - vek usluga i uslužnog prava: [Knj. 13]. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxiv-13.413s.
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The "polluter pays" principle is one of the basic principles in the field of environmental protection both at the level of national and international public policies. The scope and application of this principle have changed over the past half century. There is a whole set of instruments this principle is realized through, both command-control and economic, and the ways of their application are determined differently. In order for the costs of pollution not to be borne by the entire society, the polluter should be responsible for each emission of pollution. Although it is grounded in the rules on objective liability, the "polluter pays" principle is different both in terms of the liability conditions and in terms of the object of protection, and is at a slightly "higher level" than the classical grounds of liability.
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Tuma Barros, Simily Helena, and Maria Claudia Bentes Albuquerque. "O ENFRENTAMENTO DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS A PARTIR DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE DO DIREITO AMBIENTAL, ECOLÓGICO E URBANÍSTICO." In Direitos Fundamentais e Sustentabilidade Ambiental, Vol. II. Iberojur Science Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62140/sbma5892024.
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Abstract: Tackling climate change is one of the great scientific, political and global challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, this theoretical work aims to discuss how Environmental Law and Brazilian Urban Law provide, in the legal-political field, the confrontation of climate change. The aim is to answer the following question: How does Environmental Law, from the perspective of Ecological Law, dialogue with Urban Law and contribute to combating climate change in Brazilian cities? In methodological terms, a deductive method, a qualitative approach, of an analytical-descriptive nature, is used, and bibliographic and documentary research techniques are applied. The literature review was carried out on the Google Scholar database, in April 2024, by searching for the keywords environmental law, ecological law and urban law. We also used the conception of Sarlet, Wedy and Fensterseifer (2023) on participation rights, in the ecological view of Environmental Law, and Silva (2018) in understanding what Brazilian Urban Law consists of. In the normative framework, the 1988 Magna Carta, the PNMC and the 2030 Agenda (SDG 11 - sustainable cities), of the United Nations, are used as a framework. As a theoretical result, it was found that, in addition to being reflective, Environmental Law must ensure democratic participation in development on a sustainable and ecological basis. Participation rights, as a facet of ecological and climate constitutional protection itself, as well as its nature as a fundamental right-duty, are relevant in Environmental Law and Climate Law, titled as access rights or procedural rights, aimed at implementing legislation environmental and climate issues through citizen and civil society participation, which must exercise social control over environmental polluting practices and climate actions perpetrated by public and private agents. Keywords: Environmental Law; Ecological; Urban planning; Climate.
Conference papers on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
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Toubia, Elias. "Novel Testing Methodology of Two-Coat and Three-Coat Systems for Steel Bridge Structures." In SSPC 2018. SSPC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2018-00078.
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Abstract Departments of Transportation currently use the conventional three-coat system as the predominant choice for the corrosion protection of steel bridge structures. Eliminating one step in the coating process could potentially save time and cost associated with lane closures and traffic control costs. This research paper evaluates several two-coat systems based on the zinc-rich primer and polysiloxane top coat technology. All samples were conditioned and coated in a state-of-the-art, climate-controlled paint booth, simulating common field environmental conditions (ENCON) (ENCON 1: 25 °C/50% RH, ENCON 2: 10 °C/40%RH, and ENCON 3 :32°C/80% RH). Accelerated weathering tests were performed on 435 coated samples (scribed and un-scribed). Regardless of the ENCON considered, the performance of the two-coat system is very comparable to the three-coat system. This coating technology offers much improved performance with quicker set time and better adhesion to steel structures. Considering its durability and ease of application, this two-coat system can be attractive to other public and private agencies to enhance and extend the service life of steel structures.
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Bluszcz, A., K. Tobor-Osadnik, A. Manowska, and Marek Smetana. "FUNCTIONALITIES OF GEOINFORMATIC SYSTEMS IN CRISIS EVENTS CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s18.28.
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As the climate changes, the EU is experiencing heavier rainfall, harsher storms and rising sea levels. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the consequences of fluvial, pluvial and coastal floods in Europe will overall worsen as a result of local and regional increases in intensity and frequency of flooding [1]. The article concerns the indication of the functionality of the available QGIS software in the identification of critical infrastructure objects in Poland and the Czech Republic along with the risk analysis. The research aims to showcase the capabilities of QGIS software in mapping critical infrastructure and utilizing geoprocessing tools to create buffers, or protective zones, around these infrastructures. The study highlights that QGIS provides broad access to spatial data. With the rapid advancement of technology, we can anticipate significant growth in mobile-GIS, enhancing access to GIS databases via mobile devices for real-time data acquisition, management, and updates. The diverse technical and organizational GIS solutions underscore the necessity for universal standards and norms in this field. This article illustrates the use of GIS in security engineering, such as aiding decision-making in public administration and agencies responsible for public safety or emergency management. Properly chosen GIS software, based on prepared data, can address numerous security engineering challenges by facilitating the decision-making process. The study identifies potential critical infrastructure, maps their locations, and generates security buffers with assigned risk classifications. These tools can be instrumental in decision-making during crises like pandemics. Each risk zone can be linked to specific anti-crisis measures and define actions for emergency services, such as access control or disinfection. QGIS maps offer a comprehensive operational view, enhancing the efficiency of decision-making processes.
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Held, Craig. "Implementing Remote Wireless Monitoring of Pipeline Integrity and Cathodic Protection." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10028.
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Abstract Energy and pipeline companies are wrestling to meet new, more strict, state and federal pipeline integrity requirements while trying to control operating costs. Unfortunate pipeline news events made corrosion and cathodic protection front page news. This elevated concerns to the extent that the U.S. Congress and several states are now working on legislation directed specifically toward cathodic protection practices. In addition, the U.S. Department of Transportation has shown new interest in regulating compliance, making adherence even more important in today’s world. Many companies are looking to new technologies and automation for answers. Some companies have tested and used cell phone technologies for remote pipeline monitoring. Unfortunately, ever changing cell phone technologies left companies scrambling to stay ahead of obsolescence. Effective answers to critical issues affecting public safety often are found in a combination of both old and new technology. In addition, it is important to ensure that your radio technology be backwards-compatible so that older technology can “talk” to new and future ones as well. Today, multi-purpose, built-for-purpose, all-in-one, pipeline integrity automation, wireless, data communication radios are available that monitor and report all cathodic protection rectifier operations, automate rectifier interruption, monitor rectifier operational status, monitor and report pipe-to-soil potential, pipeline pressure and pipeline pigging operations. These new cathodic protection monitoring radios wire directly to field assets and feed critical pipeline information into existing company data systems without going outside the company’s firewall security protection.
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Bachir, MERMOURI. "The Reality of Reproductive Health in the Desert Environment, Field Research in the Region of Touat, Southern Algeria." In I.International Congress ofWoman's Studies. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lady.con1-6.
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The health issue has been and remains until now the issue of health is a fundamental issue in the lives of peoples, an issue that is always present in private and public discussions, an issue of multiple concerns, including reproductive health, which is an important indicator of development and civilization advancement, as its data reflects us the social and economic situation and the cultural level of any society, so we find International organizations and governments pay great attention to them in their policies, and it set various programs for them in order to control their mechanisms and outputs. Algeria is among the countries that have made great strides in the field of reproductive and sexual health, and this is evident in its political programs and field achievements and the activities of the health and population directorates spread across the national territory. Its programs in reproductive health are divided into two parts, programs for spacing births and family planning, and programs designed to combat maternal mortality. The Directorate of Health and Population of the Adrar Province (Touat region in southern Algeria) has recorded significant results in the field of developing health programs and raising their levels, especially the programs dedicated to the protection of motherhood and childhood, as it was able to expand health services and improve reproductive health, by reducing its risks in the Touat region and reducing mortality mothers and children, However, challenges remain as long as the population growth rates in the region is stable, and fertility rates is the highest at the national level.
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Ishak, Hasanuddin. "Effectiveness of Temephos and Source Reduction Control For Aedes Aegypti Field Population In Makassar City, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Risks and Public Health, ICER-PH 2018, 26-27, October 2018, Makassar, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-10-2018.2288624.
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Slavík, Martin, and Ondřej Vaculín. "Concept of Mission Control System for IN2Lab testing field for Automated Driving." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-119.
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"Automated driving brings very high demands on all vehicle systems. In order to meet these requirements, automated vehicles are equipped with various vehicle sensors to collect information about the actual vehicle environment. Current systems are based on data acquired by in-vehicle sensors, such as radar, lidar and camera, which generate a comprehensive environment model where an automated vehicle locates. The sensors differ in their technical performance parameters such as range, resolution, reliability, sensitivity and robustness. The use of heterogeneous sensors allows the technologies to complement each other in terms of their technical properties. The overall safety level is increased by information from several sensors by means of sensor fusion. Assessment errors of the on-board sensors may occur despite the continuous improvement and optimisation of measurements and fusion. Systems under development are especially prone to these errors. Such issues reduce the reliability and trustworthiness of the whole system. These errors, either from sensors or evaluation algorithms and sensor fusion, should be identified during the development of automated driving functions. Virtual driving tests, proving ground tests and, in later development phases, driving tests in real traffic (field tests) serve this purpose. The filed tests in real traffic are crucial for the validation of automated driving systems. Only the real environmental conditions offer a variety of driving situations to prove the safety of automated vehicles. However, the test vehicles in a traffic flow must under no circumstances worsen road safety and put other road users at risk. The project IN2Lab aims to increase the overall test field safety by an infrastructure based safety system installed along a test field. It consists of sensors, C2X communication and mission control centre. This paper presents a concept of Mission Control System. The system provides additional information about traffic flow, obstacles or weather conditions based on data from infrastructure to connected vehicles. Cameras, radars, lidars and C2X roadside units installed along the public test filed to collect data about the traffic flow. The fundamental functionality of the system is the monitoring of traffic flow and object classification. An additional safety value is a quasi-real-time data processing provides relevant information feedback about dynamic and static objects along the test filed to connected vehicles, especially to automated vehicles. These vehicles can use the information to improve their environmental perception confidence or to plan driving manoeuvers."
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Cauia, Alexandr, and Tatiana Puiu. "The prohibition of collective expulsions according to public international law." In Universitas Europaea: Towards a Knowledge Based Society Through Europeanisation and Globalisation. Free International University of Moldova, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54481/uekbs2024.v1.21.
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Migration may create economic and social opportunities that benefit both migrants and host countries. At the same time, it can pose significant challenges to national identities, political stability, and the legislative and governmental policy framework. The development of the international human rights protection system, especially at the regional level, has played an essential role in guaranteeing a minimum level of rights for migrants and in limiting the sovereignty of states to control the movement of people across borders. The strengthening of the human rights protection system, both universally and regionally, has coincided with a constant influence on mechanisms for the protection of migrants and refugees. Collective expulsion is prohibited under international law through several binding international instruments in the field of human rights protection and the safeguarding of fundamental freedoms, and the presence of complaint and rapid intervention mechanisms constitute an essential foundation for the protection of migrants against collective expulsions and for imposing responsibility on states to comply with the relevant international legal framework.
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Samfira, Ionel, Gheorghe David, Alin Pfandl, Costel Barliba, and Livia Barliba. "STUDIES ON THE URBAN IMPACT OF THE LOCAL REGISTER OF GREEN SPACES AS A GIS TYPE INFORMATION SYSTEM." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.51.
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban applicability is unique in terms of efficiency in terms of data accuracy, security, performance and price. Our study focuses on the hypothesis of using an application that jointly manages information and at the same time streamlines internal activity to reduce dependence on specialized institutions for obtaining information because they are already available locally. The present study quantified the urban impact of the elaboration of the Local Register of Green Spaces regarding the following aspects: the management of the green spaces located on the lands belonging to the public / private domain within the locality; the degraded lands within the built-up area of the locality may be rehabilitated and redeveloped as green spaces; isolated trees planted near traffic arteries, on the lands of educational institutions, housing estates; protected trees, regardless of their health and size. In the urban management, depending on the data obtained, the following solutions were proposed: creation of databases, collection and registration of initial data that define the health of trees with specialized equipment. The end result is the elimination of the risk of accidents and the control of the health of the urban forest resource by periodic evaluation with specialized equipment. In conclusion, the urban GIS of green spaces will lead to a good management of them in order to ensure the quality of environmental factors and the health of the population.
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Kuziuk, Marjana. "Mechanizms and ways to institutionalize social policy in the field of social welfare of children deprived of parental care." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.169.
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Background: Institutionalization of social policy in the field of social welfare of children deprived of parental care is a very urgent problem in the modern world. According to UNICEF, more than 140 million children in the world need social protection, including children deprived of parental care. Institutionalization of social policy in the field of social security for children deprived of parental care means the creation and development of a state support system that provides children with the necessary housing, food, medical care, education and psychological support. Institutionalizing social policy is essential to ensure children have the resources and support they need to develop and live fulfilling lives. Purpose: Identifying ways and tools that can ensure the effective institutionalization of social policy in the field of social welfare of children deprived of parental care, and providing them with appropriate conditions for the development and exercise of their rights to a full life. Methods: The theoretical research method consisted in the analysis of documents used to study the works of scientists regarding the study of the processes of institutionalization of social policy in the field of social security. Results: The study showed that the institutionalization of social policy is a key element of creating an effective system of social protection, which provides children deprived of parental care with the necessary conditions for full development and exit from difficult life situations. The study indicates that an important component of the institutionalization of social policy is the creation of an effective system of management and coordination of work between various state authorities and public organizations that provide social protection for children deprived of parental care. Conclusion: It is also worth noting that for the Ukrainian social security system in the context of the institutionalization process, the issue of implementing social control, that is, public control in this area, is relevant and acute. In our opinion, the inclusion of public control is one of the ways to improve the activities of social institutions in the field of social protection of children deprived of parental care. Keywords: institutionalization, social policy, social security, social protection, social orphans, children, deprived of parental care.
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Bacon, Diana H., Michael I. Ojovan, B. Peter McGrail, Natalie V. Ojovan, and Irene V. Startsceva. "Vitrified Waste Corrosion Rates From Field Experiment and Reactive Transport Modeling." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4509.
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The Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State has been used extensively by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to produce nuclear materials for the U.S. strategic defense arsenal. A large inventory of radioactive and mixed waste has accumulated in 177 buried single- and double-shell tanks. Liquid waste recovered from the tanks will be pre-treated to separate the low activity fraction from the high-level and transuranic wastes. The low-activity waste (LAW) will be immobilized in glass and placed in a near-surface disposal system on the Hanford Site. Vitrifying the LAW will generate over 160,000 m3 of glass. Before the immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) can be disposed, DOE must approve a performance assessment (PA), which is a document that describes the long-term impacts of the disposal facility on public health and environmental resources. A sound scientific basis for determining the long-term release rates of radionuclides from LAW glasses must be developed if the PA is to be accepted by regulators and stakeholders. To conduct this calculation, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) used a methodology in which the waste form release rate was calculated by modeling the basic physical and chemical processes that are known to control dissolution behavior using a reactive transport code, STORM [1]. This methodology was used instead of empirical extrapolations from laboratory “leaching” experiments commonly used in other PA or in the phenomenological approach of SIA “Radon” [2]. This methodology is preferred because the dissolution rate, and hence radionuclide release rate, from silicate glasses is not a static variable—a constant that can be derived independently of other variables in the system. Glass dissolution rate is a function of three variables (neglecting glass composition itself): temperature, pH, and composition of the fluid contacting the glass. SIA Radon has been running a field experiment for over 12 years to evaluate the behavior of a high sodium glass buried in a loamy soil. The radioactive waste glass (K-26) made from actual intermediate-level waste from the Kursk (RBMK) reactor was manufactured and placed in a shallow trench. The waste stream was 86 mass% NaNO3, very similar to the salt content expected for Hanford LAW. The final glass composition had a Na2O content of roughly 16 mass%, making it very relevant to the glass formulations being considered at Hanford. A joint US DOE-SIA Radon project was devised to validate the modeling approach used for the ILAW PA by modeling glass corrosion in the subsurface experimental facility [3]. This paper gives an estimate of glass corrosion and ion exchange rates for K-26 waste glass based on field measurements.
Reports on the topic "Public control in the field of public control in the field of environmental protection"
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Niederberger, Eva, and Ginger Johnson. Cholera Questions Bank: Quantitative Questions for Community Level Data Collection. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.023.
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This questions bank resource is a menu of quantitative questions related to socio-behavioural factors and Cholera. This resource seeks to facilitate the collection of quality data on community’s capacity, behaviours, practices and perceptions in relation to cholera prevention and management. It can be used by field teams and / or local research teams working in communities with cholera transmission and those at risk adhering to safety and protection protocols. Gathering and using high quality data on social, behavioural and community dynamics in relation to cholera prevention and management is vital to: 1. Understand people’s ability, capacity and behaviour in relation to prevent and/or reduce cholera infection risks. 2. Support evidence-based decision-making on communication and engagement strategies that address people’s needs and priorities in an evolving context. 3. Provide data that decision-makers can use to adapt cholera response and preparedness strategies and activities. 4. Support public health promoters and outreach workers in engaging with local populations to strengthen community-led actions. 5. Enhance the knowledge of public health promoters and outreach workers and support them in clearly communicating on cholera prevention and control. 6. Inform the design and adaptation of information content / messages shared and discussed with the local population.
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Niederberger, Eva, and Ginger Johnson. Cholera Questions Bank: Quantitative Questions for Community Level Data Collection. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.004.
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This questions bank resource is a menu of quantitative questions related to socio-behavioural factors and Cholera. This resource seeks to facilitate the collection of quality data on community’s capacity, behaviours, practices and perceptions in relation to cholera prevention and management. It can be used by field teams and / or local research teams working in communities with cholera transmission and those at risk adhering to safety and protection protocols. Gathering and using high quality data on social, behavioural and community dynamics in relation to cholera prevention and management is vital to: 1. Understand people’s ability, capacity and behaviour in relation to prevent and/or reduce cholera infection risks. 2. Support evidence-based decision-making on communication and engagement strategies that address people’s needs and priorities in an evolving context. 3. Provide data that decision-makers can use to adapt cholera response and preparedness strategies and activities. 4. Support public health promoters and outreach workers in engaging with local populations to strengthen community-led actions. 5. Enhance the knowledge of public health promoters and outreach workers and support them in clearly communicating on cholera prevention and control. 6. Inform the design and adaptation of information content / messages shared and discussed with the local population.
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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.
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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.