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1
Laird, Jess. "Understanding Implicit Bias in Public Defender Social Workers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/889.
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Research has demonstrated that implicit bias is an inescapable part of the human experience that can have harmful repercussions. Its effects can be seen particularly in the criminal justice system where those of marginalized groups are disproportionately represented. Social workers in the public defender’s office representing indigent clients in the criminal justice system, implicit bias can negatively impact client outcomes or service access. This study sought to explore how these social workers understand implicit bias in their work and will be conducted using qualitative analysis through the use of interviews and document review. This research found that social workers in this setting identify in ways that are very different from their clients and view the resulting implicit bias as an important hurdle to overcome. Social workers reported that working with clients who are similar to them can increase rapport but also introduce issues of countertransference. When working with clients who are different from them, social workers found it most challenging to serve clients with worldviews they found personally offensive, such as homophobia or white supremacy. Social workers of more privileged identities found ways to leverage this advantage to best serve their clients. The participants in this study had mixed feelings on whether or not differences in identity between social workers and clients increase implicit bias or impact client outcomes. There are many larger factors that increase the risk of implicit bias, which participants feel can be mitigated with training and more diverse teams.
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Ross, Annie Elizabeth. "Wrongful Convictions as a Result of Public Defender Representation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1761.
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Our criminal justice system works very hard to prevent criminals from harming other individuals; however, unfortunately mistakes happen. One wrongful conviction is one too many. There are multiple factors that can be assumed to be the cause of wrongful convictions. However, due to the lack of directly related research, the determents are not well established. The following research addresses wrongful convictions as a result of public defender representation. Through the process of theory construction, the research uses critical race theory and social disorganization theory to show the relationship between court appointed representation and wrongful convictions. A new theory is also established that is referred to as the partial load reduction theory. This theory establishes the relationship that exists between wrongful convictions and public defender representation and provides solutions as well as new avenues for future research.
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Welch, Teresa Lynn. "The Sources and Extent of Public Defender Occupational Stress." Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10824847.
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Utah public defenders (n = 96) completed a survey tool that provided data on their sources and extent of occupational stress. The data also indicated any differences in job-stressors scores, perceived stress scores, and occupational burnout scores when comparing public defenders by their demographic factors. Having too many cases is the most stressful of 35 job stressors and is moderately more stressful for female public defenders than for male public defenders, t(94) = –2.98, p = .004, d = .67. The most stressful of six job-stressor categories is structural/systemic, followed closely by prosecutors.
The PSS-10 indicated that a total of 74% of the Utah public defenders perceive themselves as having moderate or high perceived stress. In addition, female public defenders perceive themselves as experiencing more stress than do the male public defenders, t(94) = –3.53, p = .001, d = .80. ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc indicated that public defenders aged 60 years or older experience minimally less perceived stress than do public defenders ages 30–39 and 50–59 years old, F(4,18.64) = 4.748, p = .008, η 2p = .104. The MBI-HSS indicated that Utah public defenders are experiencing moderate (inching towards higher) levels of occupational burnout. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc indicated that public defenders age 60 years or older experience minimally less emotional exhaustion than are public defenders ages 30–39 and 50–59 years old, F(4, 91) = 2.833, p = .029, η2 p = .111.
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VILARDI, LEONARDO OSTWALD. "FUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION AND PUBLIC DEFENDER S OFFICE: A STUDY OF THE PUBLIC CIVIL ACTIONS PROPOSED BY THE PUBLIC DEFENDER S OFFICES OF MINAS GERAIS, RIO DE JANEIRO AND SÃO PAULO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32675@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A Constituição da República de 1988 consolidou uma ampla gama de direitos fundamentais, juntamente com uma arquitetura institucional que buscou dar concretude a esses direitos, através de instrumentos jurídicos processuais que legitimaram a propositura de demandas sobre direitos difusos e coletivos, fortalecendo o poder judiciário e a representação funcional. Destaca-se nessa arquitetura o papel das Ações Civis Públicas (ACPs), com a legitimação da sociedade civil para realizar a propositura de tal ação. Entretanto, junto à sociedade instituiu-se outro ator capaz de mobilizar tais instrumentos em defesa da sociedade e dos princípios democráticos, o Ministério Público (MP). Neste cenário, é que a Defensoria Pública, instituição inicialmente integrante do poder executivo e com atribuição de representar em juízo parcelas subalternas da população, conseguiu adquirir autonomia funcional e administrativa. A mobilização da Defensoria promoveu desdobramentos no âmbito interno e externo de tal instituição. No âmbito externo, destaca-se a possibilidade de propor Ação Civil Pública. Dessa forma, a questão-problema que se coloca para a pesquisa é: Como a Defensoria Pública vem exercendo a prerrogativa de tutelar direitos difusos e coletivos? Frente a isso, assume-se como objetivo geral mapear todas as ACPs propostas pelas Defensorias Públicas de Minas Gerias (DPMG), Rio de Janeiro (DPRJ) e São Paulo (DPESP) nos últimos 5 anos. Desdobram-se como objetivos específicos: mapear as ACPs propostas nos últimos cincos anos nos estados pesquisados; descrever a evolução institucional dos órgão estudados; compreender a opção da CF/88 pelo acesso à justiça pela mão do estado; e realizar uma análise crítica do conceito de representação funcional. Tal caminho possibilitou uma reflexão crítica acerca da expansão da representação funcional e da judiciliazação em nosso país que, até o momento, não conheceu limites.
The Republican Constitution of 1988 consolidated a wide range of fundamental rights, alongside an institutional architecture which aimed to materialize such rights, through judicial process instruments that legitimized the proposal of demands regarding diffuse and collective rights, strengthening the judicial power and the functional representation. Within this architecture, the role of the Public Civil Actions (ACPs, in Portuguese) can be highlighted, with the legitimacy of civil society to realize such proposed action. However, within society it was instituted another actor capable of mobilizing such instruments in defense of society and democratic principles, the Public Ministry (MP, in Portuguese). In this scenario, the Public Defense, an institution that at first was part of the executive branch with the task of representing in court the lower classes of population, managed to gain functional and administrative autonomy. The mobilization of the Public Defense promoted outcomes within and outside such institution. In the external realm, we highlight the possibility of proposing a Public Civilian Action. Therefore, the guiding question of this research is: How has the Public Defense been exercising the prerogative of tutelage of diffuse and collective rights? As such, we take as a main goal to map all the ACPs proposed by the Public Defense of Minas Gerais (DPMG, in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro (DPRJ) and São Paulo (DPSP) in the last 5 years. The specific goals unfold in: mapping the ACPs proposed in the last five years in the researched states; describing the institutional evolution of the studied organs; comprehending the option made by the Constitution of 1988 of access to justice by the hand of the state; and conducting a critical analysis of the concept of functional representation. Such path made it possible to reflect critically regarding the expansion of functional representation as well as about the judicialization of our country, which has known to boundaries so far.
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Hall, James Patrick. "An Empirical Study of Appointed Counsel Effectiveness in Jury Trials." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/61.
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Anecdotal evidence supports the belief among indigent individuals who are assigned defense counsel that they would be better represented by privately retained counsel. This perspective jeopardizes attorney effectiveness by reducing communication and trust between the attorney and client. Research on the effectiveness of counsel is sparse. The purpose of this quantitative study was to bridge this gap in knowledge by comparing the effectiveness of privately retained and publicly appointed counsel between 2008 and 2013, both before and after the imposition of state-wide compensation limitations on publicly appointed defense counsel. The theoretical framework was Stuntz's theory, which stresses that one part of the criminal justice system will be compensated for elsewhere in the system. Research questions focused on the success rates of publicly funded and privately retained counsel in jury trials in a large state district court in New England. Data were collected from court records and analyzed using tests of proportions and a binary logistic regression to determine the success rates of the types of counsel and whether appointed counsels' relative effectiveness changed after the compensation limitations were imposed in 2011. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in acquittal rates between counsel groups or for either counsel group before and after the imposition of the statewide compensation limits. Implications for positive social change include educating defendants on the effectiveness of publicly appointed counsel to enhance the trust within these attorney-client relationships, and improving the quality of discourse in legislative deliberations focused on weighing budget cuts to appointed counsel compensation with the risk to the fair administration of justice.
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Bega, Carolina Brambila. "Curadoria especial: tutela da vulnerabilidade processual: análise da efetividade dessa atuação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-18022013-105924/.
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O trabalho apresenta um estudo sistematizado da curadoria especial, focando especialmente em sua efetividade para a tutela de vulneráveis processuais. Após abordar a vulnerabilidade no âmbito do processo civil, indica que as hipóteses em que há previsão de atuação do curador especial são situações em que a parte está em condições de especial dificuldade para exercer plenamente seus direitos. É apresentado o histórico da curadoria especial até o contexto atual, em que passa a ser função institucional da Defensoria Pública. Analisa pormenorizadamente as peculiaridades da atuação do curador especial na tutela dos direitos do réu revel citado por edital ou com hora certa, do réu preso e do incapaz sem representante legal ou cujos interesses colidam com os de seu representante. A efetividade da curadoria especial é evidenciada pela forma com que a atividade é desempenhada em cada fase do processo. Além disso, apresenta análise de julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo que tratam da atuação do curador especial, demonstrando que, em diversas oportunidades, o exercício desta função traz resultados positivos, ainda que parcialmente, ao litigante vulnerável. Aborda, ainda, dados sobre a curadoria especial no Estado de São Paulo, apontando que a quantidade de processos em que há esta atuação é proporcionalmente pequena em relação ao movimento judiciário total, bem como que o montante empregado diretamente para seu custeio é razoável. O trabalho expõe, ademais, a percepção de defensores públicos do Estado de São Paulo que exercem a atribuição de curadores especiais, por meio de questionário a eles aplicado. Por fim, conjugando todos os dados apresentados, demonstra que a curadoria especial é efetiva para garantir a ampla defesa e o contraditório das partes em situação de vulnerabilidade processual.This research introduces a systemized study of the special curator´s activity by emphasizing its capacity to provide protection for those in situation of procedural vulnerability. Overcoming the study of the procedural vulnerability, the research shows that the legal rules that determine the special curator´s activity are related to litigants that are in special situations which compromise the practice of its legal rights in court. After providing the special curators development history, the research leads to the allocation of the curator function on to the Public Defender´s Office. The research also analyses the capacity of such activity in order to protect the rights of the defendant in default cited by edict, of the arrested defendant, and of the minor or disable group lacking legal capacity without legal guardian or trustee. Furthermore, the research checks out how the performance of the special curator activity is able to provide a way of overcoming harmful effects from procedural vulnerability in several stages of the civil procedure. Moreover, the research verifies case-laws regarding the special curator activity in the Brazilian Supreme Court of Justice, Brazilian Federal Court of Justice and State of São Paulo´s Court of Appeals. In several opportunities the results are well-founded to the litigant in procedural vulnerability. The information presented regarding the special curator´s activity in the State of São Paulo is able to demonstrate that the legal proceeding quantity and its direct costs are reasonable. An opinion poll on the special curator activities among the Public Defenders reveals their evaluation regarding this subject. Finally, the research put together all the information provided, concluding that the special curator´s activity is able to assist and assure the full defense and the right of adversary proceedings for those in procedural vulnerability situation.
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Carnielli, Fiorenza Zandonade. "A cidadania e a sua instituição: estudo de comunicação pública sobre a Defensoria do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132811.
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Esta dissertação articula os conceitos relacionados à comunicação pública, cidadania e instituição com o objetivo de analisar processos de comunicação pública que incidem na construção da cidadania, a partir da atuação da Defensoria Pública do Rio Grande do Sul dirigida à defesa dos direitos de pessoas socialmente excluídas. A Defensoria é analisada como instituição constituída pelas perspectivas normativa, fática e estratégica. Os conceitos teóricos trabalhados reportam ao interesse público conforme discutido por Arendt (2014), Sennett (1988) e Bobbio (2012), à cidadania (MARSHALL, 1967; GIDDENS, 2008; CARVALHO, 2013; DAGNINO, 2004) e direitos humanos, a partir da gênese de valores proposta por Joas (2012). A abordagem comunicacional parte do conceito de interações comunicativas, conforme França (1998), desenvolve o conceito de comunicação pública articulando, principalmente, as proposições de Weber (2007, 2009, 2011) e Esteves (2011), e abrande os estudos de comunicação organizacional com Baldissera (2014), Marques (2015), Mumby (2009) e Deetz (2010) e de estratégia em Pérez (2012). A reflexão sobre instituição é feita a partir de Castoriadis (1982), Braga (2010, 2012), Berger e Luckmann (1998). O estudo de caso é a opção metodológica para a abordagem da Defensoria Pública do Rio Grande do Sul enquanto uma dimensão institucional particular. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem pesquisa documental e bibliográfica da legislação federal sobre a instituição, sobre suas atividades, os defensores e as pessoas atendidas, além de práticas e produtos de comunicação. A análise da Defensoria Pública do Rio Grande do Sul é realizada nas perspectivas normativa (análise histórico-descritiva), fática (análises descritiva e das situações de interação) e estratégica (análises descritiva das estratégias e de temas e vozes). A articulação dessas perspectivas da instituição permitiu cercar a constituição de rede de comunicação pública sobre o tema de interesse público e os direitos de cidadania. Dessa forma, identifica-se a atuação da Defensoria Pública do Rio Grande do Sul como um espaço institucional rico em termos de interação comunicacional, capaz de ampliar as experiências de cidadania e privilegiar o interesse público.This Master Thesis articulates the concepts related to public communication, citizenship and institution aiming to analyse public communication processes focusing in the construction of citizenship, from the perspective of Rio Grande do Sul´s Public Defender´s work directed to the defence of social excluded individuals´ rights. The analysis focus in the Public Defender as an institution constituted by the normative, factual and strategic perspectives. The main theoretical concepts worked report to public interest, as discussed by Arendt (2014), Sennett (1988) e Bobbio (2012), to citizenship (MARSHALL, 1967; GIDDENS, 2008; CARVALHO, 2013; DAGNINO, 2004) and human rights, starting from the genesis of values proposed by Joas (2012). The communicational approach derives from the communicative interactions concept, according to França (1998), develops the public communication concept articulating, mainly, the propositions from Weber (2007, 2009, 2011) and Esteves (2011), and includes the organizational communication studies with Baldissera (2014), Marques (2015), Mumby (2009) e Deetz (2010) and strategy in Pérez (2012). The observation about institution is made from Castoriadis (1982), Braga (2010, 2012), Berger and Luckmann (1998). The case study is the methodological option for the Rio Grande do Sul Public Defender approach as a particular institutional dimension. The methodological procedures include federal legislation documental and bibliographic research about the institution, its activities, the public defenders and the persons aided, in addition with communication practices and products. The Rio Grande do Sul Public Defender analysis focuses in the normative (historical descriptive analysis), factual (descriptive analysis and from the interaction situations) and strategic (descriptive analysis of strategies and themes and voices analysis). The articulation of these institutional perspectives allowed surrounding the public communication network about the public interest subject and the citizenship rights. Therefore, the Rio Grande do Sul Public Defender is a rich institutional space in terms of communicational interaction, capable of increasing the citizenship experience and prioritise the public interest.
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Lima, Rafael Negreiros Dantas de. "A disputa pelo direito à cidade no campo jurídico uma análise a partir de casos da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16137/tde-10012019-154834/.
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O período pós Constituição Federal de 1988 foi marcado por intensas conquistas normativas sobre as cidades, com legislações avançadas, porém, que não resultaram em uma mudança significativa de concepção de políticas públicas ou na jurisprudência dos Tribunais. A pressuposição do Direito como um sistema autônomo, neutro e universal, que traz soluções para todos os casos concretos, por meio do método dogmático, não permite que se chegue a justificativas satisfatórias para esta inefetividade. A presente dissertação pretende apresentar uma análise sobre como se desenvolve a disputa pelo direito à cidade no campo jurídico, explicitando as abordagens com que este tema é tratado na prática jurídica. Por meio da observação de casos concretos em que há o confronto entre instituições e profissionais jurídicos, busca-se demonstrar como estes concorrem pelo monopólio de impor sua visão de mundo, mascarando as relações de poder pelo discurso jurídico. Além disso, utiliza-se da tópica jurídica para avaliar, em cada caso, como o pensamento dos juristas se desenvolve diante dos problemas aparentemente insolucionáveis. Tomando por base tal metodologia, visa-se a uma apresentação do jogo de poder em torno do direito à cidade que ocorre no campo jurídico, avaliando-se quais as possibilidades da concepção do direito à cidade numa lógica de justiça social, ser consolidada e aplicada efetivamente, conferindo à parcela mais frágil da população o acesso aos bens e serviços da cidade.The period after the Federal Constitution of 1988 was marked by intense normative achievements over the cities, with advanced legislation, however, which did not result in a significant change in the conception of public policies or in the jurisprudence of the Courts. The presupposition of Law as an autonomous, neutral and universal system, which brings solutions to all concrete cases, through the dogmatic method, does not allow us to arrive at satisfactory justifications for this ineffectiveness. The present dissertation intends to present an analysis on how the dispute for the right to the city in the juridical field develops, explaining the approaches with which this subject is treated in the legal practice. Through the observation of concrete cases in which there is a confrontation between legal institutions and professionals, it is sought to demonstrate how they compete for the monopoly of imposing their world view, masking the relations of power by the legal discourse. In addition, it uses the legal topics to assess, in each case, how the thinking of lawyers develops in the face of seemingly unsolvable problems. Based on this methodology, it is aimed at a presentation of the power game around the right to the city that occurs in the legal field, evaluating the possibilities of the conception of the right to the city in a logic of social justice, being consolidated and applied effectively, giving the most fragile part of the population access to the goods and services of the city.
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Godoy, Arion Escorsin de. "A cidade como ambiente das reivindicações cidadãs por moradia e o papel de mediação política e jurídica da defensoria pública." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/958.
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A pesquisa exibe uma análise referente à interação entre espaço urbano e cidadania, focando na atuação da Defensoria Pública como instituição mediadora do processo político, social e jurídico de reivindicação do direito à moradia, pretendendo estabelecer uma reflexão de fundo sociológico e jurídico. O problema de pesquisa consiste em identificar o papel da Defensoria Pública, destacadamente no que toca às modalidades/possibilidades de atuação, como instituição estatal, na mediação dos conflitos urbanos de reivindicação da concretização da moradia digna pelos grupos vulneráveis. A hipótese central baseia-se na afirmação de que os processos judiciais que tratam da reivindicação do direito à moradia por pessoas vulneráveis não se revelam exitosos, de forma que deve a Defensoria Pública, enquanto instituição de acesso ao sistema de justiça, buscar alternativas extrajudiciais de pleitear o direito em questão, estando sempre atenta às peculiaridades culturais que compõe a cidadania brasileira e que formam seu público assistido. Considera-se que objeto teórico de pesquisa envolve as noções de cidadania, espaço urbano e moradia, que foram cotejadas com o objeto real representado pela Defensoria Pública, enquanto mediadora dos processos de reivindicação de moradia por meio do Direito. O recorte temporal efetuado se deu com ênfase a partir do ano 2000, momento em que a moradia foi alçada à categoria de direito fundamental. A pesquisa se enquadra na vertente jurídico-sociológica, sendo empregado o raciocínio dedutivo. Para tanto, analisam-se as dinâmicas próprias da cidadania no contexto nacional, almejando vinculá-la à efervescência social e política da cena urbana contemporânea. Ao final, debate-se sobre a inserção da Defensoria Pública nesse instável cenário, sempre cotejando as previsões normativas com a realidade vivenciada a fim de não nos perdermos em um dogmatismo etéreo.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-06-25T17:16:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Arion Escorsin de Godoy.pdf: 1288062 bytes, checksum: 0cb1d29900f06e157d576e370039d0ba (MD5)
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The research is an analysis on the interaction between urban space and citizenship, focusing on the performance of the Public Defender as a mediator of the political, social and legal process the claiming of the house, intending to establish a sociological and legal background reflection. The research problem is to identify the role of the Public Defender, notably with regard to modalities / performance possibilities, such as state institution, in mediating the claim of urban conflicts of the implementation of decent housing for vulnerable groups. The central hypothesis is based on the assertion that judicial proceedings dealing with the claim of the right to housing for vulnerable people do not show successful, so should the Public Defender as an institution of access to the justice system, extrajudicial seek alternative claim the right in question, always attentive to the cultural peculiarities that make up the Brazilian citizenship and forming their assisted public. It is considered that theoretical research object involves the notions of citizenship, urban space and housing, which were collated with the real object represented by the Public Defender, as a mediator of housing claim processes through law. The time frame is made with emphasis given from 2000, at which time the house was raised to the category of fundamental right. The research falls within the legal and sociological dimension and is used deductive reasoning. For this, we analyze the dynamics proper citizenship in the national context, aiming link it to social unrest and political contemporary urban scene. In the end, the debate is about the insertion of the Public Defender in this unstable scenario, always comparing the normative predictions with the reality experienced in order not to get lost in an ethereal dogmatism.
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Amorim, Ana M?nica Anselmo de. "Acesso ? justi?a enquanto direito fundamental: efetiva??o pela defensoria p?blica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13925.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-10The Federal Constitution of 1988 is recognized for its enlargement in the face of large amount of provisions that make it up, among which many are fundamental rights. The fundamental rules set up the foundation of a democratic state, however, are the necessary legal mechanisms to be effective, its exercise is not enough merely to state them, but to offer ways for them to stop being just written standard on paper, and come to be viewed and exercised day-to-day. In this sense, access to justice presents itself in our times, as a cornerstone for a just society dictates. In this light, access to justice can be seen as the most fundamental of rights, which translates as instruments able to safeguard the fundamental rights not only against the action/omission violating the state but also the very particular. Furthermore, access to justice within the legal country, is not right for everyone, despite the willingness of the Citizen Charter in its article 5, paragraph LXXIV, ensuring that the State shall provide full and free legal assistance to those in need. More than half of the population lives in poverty and can?t afford to pay legal fees or court costs as well as a bump in their own ignorance of their rights. The judiciary, in their primary function, is in charge of trying to correct the violation of the rights, intending to effect a true distributive justice, serving as a paradigm for the promotion of substantive equality of human beings, however, is difficult and tortuous access Justice for those without financial resources. In this vein, we present the Public Defender, as keeper of the masses in its institutional role, defending a disadvantage, in the words, as a mechanism for effective access to justice, ensuring therefore fundamental rights. Public Defenders arise at the time or much discussion highlights the priority of actual access to justice, custody, therefore, intimate bond with the pursuit of fundamental rights, in which, that advance the broad range of rights, without whom could defend them or guardianship them
A Constitui??o Federal de 1988 ? reconhecida por sua hipertrofia face a grande quantidade de dispositivos legais que a comp?e, dentre os quais, muitos s?o os direitos fundamentais. As normas fundamentais configuram o alicerce do Estado Democr?tico de Direito, no entanto, necess?rios s?o os mecanismos legais ? sua efetiva??o, ao seu exerc?cio, n?o sendo suficiente apenas enunci?-los, mas sim, oferecer meios para que estes deixem de ser apenas norma escrita no papel, e passem a ser visualizados e exercidos no dia-a-dia. Neste sentir, o acesso ? Justi?a apresenta-se, hodiernamente, como viga mestra para uma sociedade dita justa. Sob este prisma, o acesso ? Justi?a pode ser tido como o mais fundamental dos direitos, vez que traduz os instrumentos h?beis a resguardar os direitos fundamentais n?o s? face a a??o/omiss?o violadora do Estado, mas tamb?m, do pr?prio particular. Outrossim, o acesso ? Justi?a dentro da ordem jur?dica p?tria, n?o ? direito de todos, em que pese a disposi??o da Carta Cidad? em seu artigo 5?, inciso LXXIV, garantir que o Estado prestar? assist?ncia jur?dica integral e gratuita aos que dela necessitarem. Mais da metade da popula??o brasileira vive em situa??o de pobreza, n?o podendo dispor de recursos para custear honor?rios advocat?cios, ou despesas processuais, bem como esbarram no pr?prio desconhecimento de seus direitos. O Poder Judici?rio, em sua fun??o prec?pua, encarrega-se de tentar corrigir a viola??o dos direitos, tencionando a efetiva??o de uma verdadeira justi?a distributiva, servindo como paradigma ao fomento da igualdade material do ser humano, entretanto, dif?cil e tortuoso ? o acesso ? Justi?a para aqueles que n?o possuem condi??es financeiras. Nesta senda, apresenta-se a Defensoria P?blica, como guardi? das massas, em sua fun??o institucional, na defesa dos hipossuficientes, ou seja, como instrumento para a efetiva??o do acesso ? Justi?a, garantindo pois, os direitos fundamentais. Os Defensores P?blicos surgem no momento em que muito se discute ou se destaca a prioridade da efetiva??o do acesso ? Justi?a, guarda, portanto, ?ntimo liame com a persegui??o dos direitos fundamentais, na qual, de que adiantaria o vasto leque de direitos, sem quem pudesse defend?-los ou tutel?-los
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Hnátková, Jitka. "Právní postavení ombudsmana v ČR a ve světě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10959.
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The thesis deals with a legal status of the ombudsman, one of the most important institutions of human rights protection. It offers not only a detailed analysis of legal regulations of the Czech ombudsman, but it also deals with a status of the similar institutions in selected countries from different parts of the world (Slovakia, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, South Africa, Georgia, Arizona - USA and European Union. First chapter provides fundamental characteristics of the ombudsman institutions, their history and significance to society of today. Chapter two discusses the legislation of the Czech ombudsman in detail, chapter three concerns itself with foreign ombudsmen regulations. Last chapter deals with comparison of regulations of all the above mentioned countries.
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Gránová, Anna. "Právní postavení ombudsmana v ČR a ve světě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193475.
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The thesis deals with the legal status of Ombudsman in the Czech Republic and abroad. It focuses primarily on comparison with ombudsman institutions in selected countries (France, UK, Italy, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and the European Union).The first chapter describes the basic characteristics of ombudsman institutions, their development and significance for today's society. The second chapter is analyzed in detail the legislation of the Ombudsman in the Czech Republic. The third and fourth chapter is devoted to ombudsmen abroad. The last chapter provides a comparison of individual laws in mentioned countries.
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Hill, Elaine Lawren. "Does the type of legal representation affect sentencing outcomes?" Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1354806709.
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Kubařová, Dana. "Právní postavení ombudsmana v ČR a ve vybraných státech EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205498.
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The thesis deals with legal status of the ombudsmen in the Czech Republic and selected states of the EU. It is focused on comparison of the ombudsmen in these coutries: Slovakia, Austria, Portugal, Denmark, Great Britain and european ombudsman. The aim of this thesis is to assess the czech institution of ombudsman in comparison with the others as well as offer an insight into his job. The first chapter is focused on the ombudsman in general. The following chapters deal with the ombudsmen in given countries, their competence, power and process of investigating complaints. The final chapter deals with comparison of the obtained results.
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Kostelecká, Karolína. "Institut ombudsmana v severní Evropě a jeho srovnání s institucí veřejného ochránce práv v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264681.
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This diploma thesis creates a general model of the Ombudsman Institution in Northern Europe and draws a comparison to the Public Defender of Rights in the Czech Republic. This thesis introduces a theoretical framework of this topic including definitions for control of public administration, ombudsman, classification of ombudsmen and historical evolution of this institution in selected countries. Based on the analysis of legislation in Sweden, Finland and Denmark, the general model of the ombudsman institution in Northern Europe is created. The comparison between this general model and the Public Defender of Rights Institution brings recommendations for Czech modifications. These recommendations include anchoring ombudsman institution in the Constitution of the Czech Republic, specifying education requirements of the ombudsman in the Public Defender of Rights Act, or increasing the number of ombudsmen, thereby dividing responsibility among several people specialized in certain areas.
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Kuniochi, Hamilton Kenji. "Assistência jurídica aos necessitados: concepção contemporânea e análise de efetividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-09012014-113135/.
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Assistência Jurídica aos Necessitados: Concepção Contemporânea e Análise de Efetividade. Dissertação de Mestrado. Aborda os conceitos de justiça gratuita, assistência judiciária e assistência jurídica. Verifica o tratamento atual quanto ao atendimento das pessoas físicas e jurídicas pela Defensoria Pública, entidades não governamentais, universitárias e pelos advogados liberais. Apresenta parâmetros para atendimento do interessado. Analisa o entendimento dos tribunais quanto à comprovação da pobreza em juízo e a questão do abuso do direito.Legal Aid to the needy: Contemporary Study and Analysis of Effectiveness. Thesis. The study focuses the concepts of free justice, legal aid and legal assistance. It takes into consideration the current treatment about the care of individuals and corporations by the Public Defender Office, the non-governmental entities, universities and the liberal lawyers. Presents parameters for the service concerned. Analyzes the understanding of the courts as to prove poverty in legal proceedings and the issue of abuse of rights.
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Carlos, Maria Carolina Carvalho de. "A defensoria pública de Presidente Prudente/SP como espaço sócio-ocupacional do serviço social." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17584.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-18This research, "The Public Defender of Presidente Prudente / SP as the sociooccupational social work", aimed to reveal the social reality of the social worker acting in the Public Defender of Presidente Prudente, based on approximations of the concrete day-to-day work as well as present the identity of the profession inoccupational social space, besides enabling the construction of questions and concerns so that they may contribute to improving the quality of care, considering its importance in the protection, achievement and accomplishment of social rights. To support the analysis was performed on bibliographical research and field, having as theorical Social Services, the area socio-legal and justice.Starting from a historical reflection on social rights, presented the Public Defender as an important institution in the legal and social areas, focusing on the Regional Presidente Prudente / SP. We also carried out a carefully field research with social workers working in this field, by analyzing the critical points that stood out in interviews. The survey was complemented with the Regional Database, from whichwere evidenced by the prevailing demands and reflect the failure of social policies in their respective areas, the main ones being social care and health. And finally proposals are made for intervention by Social Services in the sociooccupational, and the ethical-political project as a reference horizon and the humanization of care in the areas of socio-legal field
A presente pesquisa, A Defensoria Pública de Presidente Prudente/SP como espaço sócio-ocupacional do Serviço Social , teve como objetivo desvelar a realidade social de atuação do Assistente Social na Defensoria Pública de Presidente Prudente, com base em aproximações concretas do dia-a-dia de trabalho, bem como apresentar a identidade da profissão nesse espaço sócio ocupacional, além de propiciar a construção de questionamentos e problematizações afim de que possam contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos atendimentos, considerando sua importância na proteção, conquista e efetivação de direitos sociais. Para fundamentar a análise foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tendo como referenciais teóricos o Serviço Social, a área sócio-jurídica e a Justiça. Parte-se de uma reflexão histórica sobre os direitos sociais, apresenta-se a Defensoria Pública como importante Instituição na área jurídica e social, focando na Regional de Presidente Prudente/SP. Foi realizada também cuidadosa pesquisa de campo com os Assistentes Sociais que atuam nesta área, analisando de forma crítica os pontos que mais se destacaram nas entrevistas realizadas. A pesquisa foi complementada com o Banco de Dados da Regional a partir do qual ficaram evidenciadas as demandas prevalecentes e que refletem a insuficiência das políticas sociais nas respectivas áreas, sendo as principais, assistência social e saúde. E finalmente são apresentadas propostas de atuação para o Serviço Social neste espaço sócio-ocupacional, tendo o Projeto ético-político como um referencial e como horizonte a humanização dos atendimentos nas áreas do campo sócio-judiciário
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Blomberg, Christopher B. "Gideon v. Strickland: Ineffective Appointed Counsel and the Right to a Fair Trial." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/709.
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This thesis concerns the violation of the right to a fair trial by the appointment of ineffective public defenders. The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States guarantees the right to appointed counsel if a defendant cannot afford it. The first section of the thesis focuses on how the history of the case law which constitutionally mandates effective appointed counsel for all United States citizens who cannot afford otherwise. However, this right is not being fulfilled for millions of American citizens. The judicial system is structured so that many indigent accused criminals are convinced by their overworked and underpaid public defenders to plead guilty. This "meet and plead" style of representation expedites the trial process at the expense of indigent defendants. The second section covers the epidemic of fair trial rights violations in the United States. In order to fix this problem there are solutions that the Supreme Court, trial courts, and the legislature can address. The third and final section concludes the thesis with a discussion of possible remedies for the deficiencies of the American public defender conglomerate.
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Ramos, Hellen Cristina do Lago. "A Defensoria Pública e a concretização do direito fundamental à assistência jurídica: uma análise sob a perspectiva do mínimo existencial." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20837.
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Rather than proclaiming rights, the greatest challenge of the actual democratic societies is to ensure their effectiveness. There is no point in an extensive list of civil, political and social rights, if there are no instruments to implement them in practice. The fundamental right to full and free legal aid is, in this context, the principal means of access to justice for those in need. It is through free legal aid that the economic and organizational hype can demand the realization of their rights before the Judiciary. In addition to legal action, full and free legal aid is designed to protect the rights of the needy in other areas, including through extrajudicial channels (through the use of alternative means of conflict resolution), and rights education. In view of the essentiality of this right for the protection of the dignity of the human person, the present work seeks to relate it to the existential minimum, that is, to an intangible content of rights necessary to guarantee a minimum standard of dignity. Thus, as a right integral to the existential minimum, the fundamental right to legal aid must be treated as a priority public policy, which is not subject to the “under reserve of the possibilities” argument. Therefore, the proper structuring of the Public Defender, which is the institution constitutionally designed to effect the fundamental right to legal aid, should receive the same priority attention by the constituted powers
Mais que proclamar direitos, o maior desafio das sociedades democráticas atuais é garantir a sua efetividade. De nada adianta um extenso rol de direitos civis, políticos e sociais, se não existirem instrumentos destinados a concretizá-los na prática. O direito fundamental à assistência jurídica integral e gratuita é, nesse contexto, o principal meio de acesso à justiça destinado aos necessitados. É mediante a assistência jurídica gratuita que os hipossuficientes econômicos e organizacionais podem exigir a realização de seus direitos perante o Poder Judiciário. Para além da atuação em juízo, a assistência jurídica integral e gratuita destina-se à proteção dos direitos dos necessitados em outros âmbitos, inclusive por vias extrajudiciais (com a utilização de meios alternativos de resolução de conflitos), e também se volta à promoção da educação em direitos. Diante da essencialidade desse direito para a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana é que o presente trabalho busca relacioná-lo ao mínimo existencial, ou seja, a um conteúdo intangível de direitos necessários para a garantia de um padrão mínimo de dignidade. Assim, como direito integrante do mínimo existencial, o direito fundamental à assistência jurídica deve a ser tratado como política pública prioritária, que não se sujeita ao argumento da reserva do possível. Portanto, a devida estruturação da Defensoria Pública, que é a instituição constitucionalmente concebida para efetivar o direito fundamental à assistência jurídica, deve receber a mesma atenção prioritária pelos poderes constituídos
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Bernardes, Isabel Cristina Gonçalves. "O operador do Direito da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo no atendimento à violência contra a mulher." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18839.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
To investigate the care provided by Defenders of the Public Defender of the State of São Paulo to the question of violence against women appearing in the screening of the institution. Rationale: Surpass the logic behind the practices of violence against women, domestically and in the public and institutional scopes is one of the biggest challenges of Brazil, according CPMI Final Report on violence against women, delivered in August 2013 for Senate and Congress. The Public Defender is a fundamental key to this challenge be won, to understand modes, strategies and difficulties of professionals that participate in the initial reception of the legal requirements with respect to this issue is the first step to achieve the eradication this type of violence. Theoretical and methodological aspects: To support this work, we use the discussion of Guacira Lopes Louro about gender stereotypes and Agnes Heller about the naturalization of experienced situations daily and linking them to the current literature on the issues of violence against women and the understanding of professionals that receive women victims of violence. Were done 18 interviews with six women professionals and five men professionals in leadership positions in the researched institution, four men professional and three women professional that work in screening. Results: Identification and referral of demands involving violence against women are big difficulties for professionals of the institution, especially when such violence underlies other legal demands. This difficulty is also due to the organization of this Public Defense and adds to organization and care provided by other institutions and services to this question. Surpass the banality of this type of violence that is manifested, is a possible path to your inquiry pass to a job step and the care of this population be refined. Training on the subject is the most cited by interviewers (women and men) to reach these goals
Investigar o atendimento prestado por Defensoras e Defensores da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo à questão da violência contra a mulher que aparece na Triagem da instituição. Justificativa: Superar a lógica que subjaz às práticas de violência contra a mulher, tanto no âmbito doméstico quanto no público e institucional é um dos grandes desafios do Brasil, conforme o Relatório Final da CPMI sobre a violência contra a mulher, entregue em agosto de 2013 pelo Senado e Congresso. A Defensoria Pública é peça fundamental para que esse desafio seja vencido, de modo que compreender a forma, as estratégias e as dificuldades dos profissionais de Direito que participam do acolhimento inicial das demandas jurídicas com relação a esse tema é um primeiro passo para alcançar a erradicação dessa modalidade de violência. Aspectos teórico-metodológicos: Para fundamentar este trabalho, partimos das discussões de Guacira Lopes Louro sobre estereótipos de gênero e de Agnes Heller sobre a naturalização das situações vividas cotidianamente vinculando-as à literatura atual sobre violência contra a mulher e do entendimento da questão por profissionais que recebem mulheres em situação de violência. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas com seis profissionais mulheres e cinco profissionais homens em posição de liderança na instituição pesquisada e com quatro profissionais homens e três profissionais mulheres que atuam como plantonistas na Triagem. Resultados: A identificação e o encaminhamento de demandas que envolvem violência contra a mulher são grandes dificuldades para os profissionais da instituição, em especial quando essa violência subjaz a outras demandas jurídicas. Essa dificuldade se deve também à própria organização da Defensoria e se soma à organização e ao atendimento prestado por outras instituições e serviços a essa questão. Superar a banalização das formas com que essa modalidade de violência se manifesta é um caminho possível para que sua averiguação passe a ser uma etapa de trabalho e o atendimento dessa população seja aperfeiçoado. A formação a respeito do assunto é a providência mais citada pelos/as entrevistadas/os para atingir esses objetivos
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Silva, Paulo Maycon Costa da. "Defensoria p?blica e sua legitimidade ? tutela jur?dica dos direitos humanos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13934.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-24The realization of human rights is a prerequisite to the development of peoples, this requires legal mechanisms and techniques to its consistent and effective promotion, protection and fulfillment. So, agree that there is an institution or public agency created for the purpose of protecting those who suffer most in the face of human rights violations: the needy. In Brazil, among other institutions and public agencies, the responsibility of the Public Defender to promote the protection of human rights. The constitutional system recognizes the institution in its essence the role of the state court, whose duty is to provide guidance and legal defense of the needy. The legal system as a whole sufraga the relevance of the Ombudsman as a mainspring of human rights. In the prison system, with the ultimate regulatory changes, such as Law 12.313 of 2010 which introduced changes to the Law 7.210 of 1984, the institution must ensure the correct and humane enforcement of sentences and the security measures pertaining to the needy. With the Complementary Law 132 of 2009, to systematize other duties of the Public Defender, highlighting their contribution to the movement of access to justice. Within the OAS, to adopt Resolution 2656, 2011, characterizing, with ruler and compass, the relevance of the Ombudsman access to justice and protection of human rights. In this step, the present study concerns the role of Defender in the legal protection of human rights, through monographic and deductive methods, as there remains a technical and theoretical connection between these two points themed legal phenomenon, since the rights humans, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, form the basis of the legal system of the major Western nations in the world. This led, therefore, the emergence of technical and legal institutions aimed at realizing human rights. This applies to the Defender. Access to justice and public service provision of legal assistance are human rights, therefore, essential to humans and necessary for social inclusion. Countries such as Brazil, marked by social inequality, depend on the structuring of institutions like the Defender, designed to promote citizenship to the Brazilian people
A concretiza??o dos direitos humanos consiste num pressuposto ao desenvolvimento dos povos, por isso reclama mecanismos e t?cnicas jur?dicas consent?neas e eficientes ? sua promo??o, prote??o e realiza??o. Assim sendo, conv?m a exist?ncia de uma institui??o ou ?rg?o p?blico criado com o prop?sito de proteger os que mais padecem diante das viola??es aos direitos humanos: os necessitados. No Brasil, entre outras institui??es e ?rg?os p?blicos, compete ? Defensoria P?blica promover a prote??o dos direitos humanos. O sistema constitucional reconhece na institui??o sua essencialidade ? fun??o jurisdicional do Estado, cujo dever consiste em prestar a orienta??o e a defesa jur?dica dos necessitados. O ordenamento jur?dico como um todo sufraga a pertin?ncia da Defensoria como mola propulsora da defesa dos direitos humanos. No sistema prisional, com as derradeiras mudan?as regulat?rias, como a Lei 12.313 de 2010 que introduziu mudan?as ? Lei 7.210 de 1984, deve a institui??o velar pela correta e humana execu??o da pena e da medida de seguran?a pertinente aos necessitados. Com a Lei Complementar 132 de 2009, sistematiza-se outras atribui??es da Defensoria, evidenciando sua contribui??o ao movimento de acesso ? justi?a. No ?mbito da OEA, aprova-se a Resolu??o 2656 de 2011, caracterizando, com r?gua e compasso, a pertin?ncia da Defensoria no acesso ? justi?a, bem como ? defesa dos direitos humanos. Neste passo, o presente estudo versa sobre o papel da Defensoria na tutela jur?dica dos direitos humanos, por meio dos m?todos dedutivo e monogr?fico, na medida em subsiste uma conex?o te?rica e t?cnica entre esses dois pontos tem?ticos do fen?meno jur?dico, uma vez que os direitos humanos, sobretudo depois da segunda metade do s?culo XX, constituem a base do sistema jur?dico das principais na??es ocidentais do mundo. Isso provocou, consequentemente, o surgimento de t?cnicas e institui??es jur?dicas direcionadas a concretizar os direitos humanos. ? o caso da Defensoria. O acesso ? justi?a e a presta??o do servi?o p?blico de assist?ncia jur?dica s?o direitos humanos, portanto, essenciais ao homem e necess?rios ? inclus?o social. Os pa?ses, como o Brasil, marcados pela desigualdade social, dependem da estrutura??o de institui??es como a Defensoria, pensadas no sentido de promover cidadania ao povo brasileiro
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Lubiani, Katherine. "PRE-ENTRY: EXPANDING THE METHODS BY WHICH PUBLIC DEFENDERS PREPARE CLIENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL RE-ENTRY PRIOR TO INCARCERATION." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22743.
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The criminal justice system does not focus on individual needs outside of the defense against criminal charges and thus perpetuates the cycle that results in indigent people burdened with a criminal record. This paper first examines the current practices of public defenders. Next it explores the indirect consequences of involvement with the criminal justice system known as collateral consequences and the relatively new practice of holistic defense by which these consequences may be addressed. The paper then discusses issues that previously incarcerated individuals have upon their re-entry into society. Finally, the paper will introduce a new concept, “pre-entry,” inspired by the holistic defense approach.
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QUADE, Leonel Pereira João. "A construção social da cidadania e a Defensoria Pública: o caso de acessibilidade dos hipossuficientes as instituições públicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/135.
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Leonel Pereira João Quade Dissertação UFCG 2014.pdf: 2739629 bytes, checksum: 147a68c1756d1a96b79ae16d3cac5154 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T15:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonel Pereira João Quade Dissertação UFCG 2014.pdf: 2739629 bytes, checksum: 147a68c1756d1a96b79ae16d3cac5154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender atuação da defensoria pública em defesa dos hipossuficientes nas unidades prisionais Raymundo Asfora e Padrão no Município de Campina Grande. Procura-se caracterizar a construção social da cidadania brasileira questionada pela ausência das práticas das virtualidades institucionais e históricas da formação do Estado brasileiro. Partindo dessa premissa com intuito de desvelar a realidade social referente a acessibilidade dos apenados hipossuficientes à defensoria pública, além de propiciar a construção de questionamento e problematizações a fim de que possam contribuir para melhoria da qualidade dos atendimentos, considerando sua importância na proteção das categorias em questão. Neste contexto, a defensoria pública se apresenta como instituição capaz de propiciar o bem-estar aos hipossuficientes na resolução de seus conflitos de forma integral e gratuita. De um lado, representa uma imagem da sociedade brasileira, calcado por uma estrutura desigual que desprestigia os segmentos sociais mais vulneráveis e que carecem de recursos e conhecimento efetivos da sua própria cidadania. Metodologicamente, realizou-se pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica realizada com base em obras de autores clássicos e contemporâneos que trabalham com a temática. Além da análise teórica trabalha-se com pesquisa empírica realizada na defensoria pública, penitenciária Padrão e Raymundo Asfora mediante entrevistas com os presos e análise do cotidiano prisional com intuito de buscar a realidade do sistema penal. Na conclusão afirmamos que uma das razões fundamentais da dificuldade da construção da cidadania brasileira, está ligada ao peso do passado, mas especificamente ao período colonial (1500-1822), quando os portugueses tinham construído um enorme país dotado de unidade territorial, linguística, cultural e religiosa. Mas também, tinham deixado uma população analfabeta, uma sociedade escravocrata, uma economia mocultura e latifundiária, um Estado Absolutista, ou seja, são longos anos sem Estado, sem nação e cidadania. CARVALHO (2011, p, 19). Afirmamos também que, existem falhas no atendimento da defensoria pública do Estado da Paraíba nas unidades prisionais, o que acarreta inviabilidade no enfrentamento das questões que compõem um pano de fundo das diferenças sociais.
This work aims to analyze and understand performance of defense counsel in defense of hyposufficient inmates in prisons and Raymundo Asfora Standard in the city of Campina Grande. It seeks to characterize the social construction of Brazilian citizenship questioned by the absence of institutional practices and virtues of the historical formation of the Brazilian State. From this premise in order to unravel the social reality concerning accessibility of the public defender hyposufficient inmates, besides providing the construction of questioning and problematization so that they can contribute to improving the quality of care, considering its importance in the protection of the categories in issue. In this context, the public defender is presented as an institution capable of providing welfare to hyposufficient in resolving their conflicts in a comprehensive and free. On one side is an image of Brazilian society, underpinned by a patchy structure that discredits the most vulnerable segments of society and who lack resources and effective knowledge of their own citizenship. Methodologically, held bibliographic research accomplished on the basis of works by classical and contemporary authors who work with the theme. Besides the theoretical analysis works with empirical research conducted in the public defender, jail Standard and Raymundo Asfora through interviews with prisoners and prison routine analysis in order to get the reality of the criminal justice system. In conclusion we state that one of the fundamental reasons for the difficulty of the construction of Brazilian citizenship is linked to the weight of the past, but specifically the colonial period (1500-1822), when the Portuguese had built a huge country with territorial unit, linguistic, cultural and religious. But they also left an illiterate population, slave society, economy and landowner mocultura an absolutist state, ie, long years are stateless, without citizenship and nation. CARVALHO (2011, p, 19). We also affirm that there were shortcomings in the care of the Public Defender of the State of Paraíba in prison, resulting in the impossibility of confronting issues that make up a backdrop of social differences.
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Cavalcante, Paula Rosana. "Contribuições da psicologia no acesso à Justiça: reflexões sobre a atuação de psicólogas/os na Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-07082015-112201/.
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A presente dissertação é fruto de um estudo acadêmico que procurou fazer um resgate histórico e uma análise crítica de como tem sido a inserção de psicólogas e psicólogos em um novo campo de atuação: as Defensorias Públicas. Utilizamos como referência o trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido na Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo desde 2010. A intenção foi refletir sobre alguns aspectos desta atuação e levantar possíveis contribuições da Psicologia no acesso à justiça, principalmente para potencializar este acesso à garantia de direitos às/aos mais pobres, construindo práticas implicadas em projetos emancipatórios para estas pessoas. Para isso, entrevistamos algumas e alguns das/dos primeiras/os psicólogas/os que iniciaram esta atuação, bem como analisamos o conteúdo destas entrevistas semidirigidas realizadas. Também fizemos uso de referências bibliográficas relacionadas ao tema, o estudo da atuação em contextos próximos, a análise de documentos e normativas técnicas dos Conselhos Profissionais de Psicologia, legislações e deliberações ligadas à Defensoria Pública. A população mais pobre, alvo de discriminações e humilhações sociais, historicamente vem encontrando muitos obstáculos para verem respeitados os seus direitos fundamentais. É justamente esta parcela da população brasileira que pode ser representada nas Defensorias Públicas. Há uma ideia de justiça e garantia de direitos que é integral e interdisciplinar. Portanto, vai além do trabalho de profissionais do Direito. A Psicologia foi inserida neste contexto para colaborar e já começou a apresentar possibilidades interessantes de atuação, propiciando espaços de escuta e cuidado que têm sido oferecidos a essa população, que foi historicamente cerceada de seus direitos e da oportunidade de participação em processos decisórios que possibilitam o acesso à Justiça. Ao longo deste estudo apresentamos conceitos como Reconhecimento, Empoderamento legal, Emancipação e Autonomia, elementos que permitem uma avaliação de que há uma construção de práticas comprometidas com a melhoria de vida destas pessoas. Além disso, abordamos de que maneira as/os psicólogas podem contribuir, trazendo a dimensão subjetiva das pessoas, ingrediente fundamental para a garantia de direitos e efetivação da cidadania, mas que muitas vezes é esquecida no sistema de justiça tradicional, repleto de burocracias, procedimentos e relações de poder, que frequentemente funcionam como medidas de controle à população, principalmente aos mais pobresThis dissertation is the result of an academic study that sought to make a historical and critical analysis as has been the inclusion of psychologists on a new playing field: the Public Defender´s Office. Used as reference the work being developed in the Public Defender\'s State of São Paulo since 2010. The intention was to reflect on some aspects of this action and raise potential contributions of psychology in access to justice, especially to enhance this access guarantee rights to poorest, building practices involved in emancipatory projects for these people. To do this, we interviewed some of the first psychologists who initiated this action and analyze the content of these semi-structured interviews. We also made use of references related to the topic, the study of performance in contexts close, the analysis of documents and technical regulations of Professional Councils of Psychology, laws and resolutions related to the Public Defender´s Office. The poorest people, discriminated against and social humiliation , has historically found many obstacles to see respect for their fundamental rights. It is this portion of the population that can be represented in the Public Defender´s Office. There is a sense of justice and guarantee rights that is comprehensive and interdisciplinary. Therefore goes beyond legal professionals work. Psychology was inserted in this context to collaborate and has begun to present interesting possibilities for action, providing listening spaces and care that have been offered to this population , which has historically been curtailed their rights and opportunities to participate in decision-making processes that enable the access to justice. Throughout this study we present concepts such as recognition, Legal Empowerment, Empowerment and Self-Government elements that allow an assessment that there is a building practices committed to improving the lives of these people. Besides, we discuss how the psychologists can contribute , bringing the subjective dimension of persons, a fundamental ingredient for the guarantee of rights and effective citizenship, but that is often overlooked in the traditional justice system, full of bureaucracies, procedures and power relations, which often act as population control measures, especially to the poorest
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Barros, Luiza Aparecida de. "A identidade profissional dos assistentes sociais diante da judicialização da questão social: particularidades na Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20419.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present research aims to understand if there is a professional identity of social workers built in the Public Defender of the State of São Paulo in the context of the judicialization of the social question. It is understood that access to the judiciary to guarantee social rights should not be the only way to access justice. The central hypothesis was formulated from the premise that social workers still did not have an identity built in this space. The research procedures used the social research techniques through the scale of identity and the data collection by interview centered with the Social Service professionals, as well as semi-structured interviews with professionals who work in the multidisciplinary team, psychologists and publics defenders, and service users. The theoretical-methodological foundation is guided by the social theory of Karl Marx, from the categories emancipation and conscience. It was also sought to work on the categories of professional identity, by Maria Lúcia Martinelli, from the depths of identity attributed, built and deepened by the author, as well as approached the category "experience", by Walter Benjamin, because they are contained there Important discussions about what is to be subsumed by the view of capital, as well as the critique of the philosophy of law pointed out by Pachukanis (1988). From the results obtained in the research it was observed that a professional identity emerges built in the Public Defender. However, it is necessary for professionals to maintain their confrontation in the positivist space of law so that the profession is not subsumed as a mere auxiliary function that contributes to the maintenance and conformity of existing legal forms
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender se há identidade profissional de assistentes sociais construída na Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo no contexto da judicialização da questão social. Parte-se da compreensão que o acesso ao poder judiciário para garantias dos direitos sociais não deve ser a única e tampouco a melhor via de acesso à justiça. A hipótese central foi formulada a partir da premissa que os assistentes sociais ainda não tinham uma identidade construída nesse espaço. Dos procedimentos de pesquisa foram utilizadas as técnicas de pesquisa social por meio da escala de identidade e a coleta de dados por entrevista centrada com os profissionais do Serviço Social, bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais que atuam na equipe multidisciplinar, psicólogos/as e defensores/as, e usuários do serviço. O fundamento teórico-metodólogico orienta-se a partir da teoria social de Karl Marx, a partir das categorias emanciação e consciência. Também buscou-se trabalhar as categorias de identidade profissional, de Maria Lúcia Martinelli, a partir dos aprofundamentos de identidade atribuída, construída e aprofundada pela autora, bem como se aproximou da categoria “experiência”, de Walter Benjamin, por entender que aí estão contidas discussões importantes sobre o vir a ser não subsumido pela ótica do capital, bem como a crítica da filosofia do direito apontada por Pachukanis (1988). Dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa observou-se que surge uma identidade profissional construída na Defensoria. No entanto, é preciso que os profissionais mantenham o enfrentamento no espaço positivista do direito para que a profissão não seja subsumida como mera função auxiliar que contribui para a manutenção e conformação das formas jurídicas existentes
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Silva, Edson Pereira Belo da. "Violação às prerrogativas do defensor no processo penal e o prejuízo do cidadão defendido." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5656.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-01This study aims, in particular, examine the violations of the prerogatives of the professional criminal lawyer or public defender, particularly that of the constitutional guarantee of the right of the defense argued the prosecution, which is the instrument of realization of fundamental rights and guarantees of citizens, whose which safeguard the basic principles of citizenship and human dignity. Such professional prerogatives, exercised exclusively by the defender, belong to the citizen, the defender who has the professional criminal indispensable to the realization of Criminal Justice and the effectiveness of its principles, rights and constitutional guarantees. Violating the prerogatives of the defender means preventing the defense argued in the criminal prosecution, causing him substantial prejudice, segregation and the loss of freedom and equity, which affects their human dignity. The professional prerogatives are legal instruments that the defender can effectively perform criminal defense, without which the right of defense would not leave the paper. In this context, the victim can also play an active role in criminal prosecution to defend its interests, making defender, even to intervene in the prosecution watching the official charge. Violation of professional prerogatives, not only against the guarantee of due process as it becomes unfair to court, resulting in criminal prosecution, civil or administrative action against the offending officials. The Constitution introduced in the legal system and political principles and values, rights and guarantees to allow an effective balance of power between the state prosecutor on the one hand, and advocated a citizen on the other. The political and social evolution demonstrates, in this sense, how much of law and democratic governments have been concerned with the preservation of human dignity and the prevalence of Human Rights. Advocacy and Public Defender functions as essential to the Administration of Justice and endowed with prerogatives professionals play a key role in the effectiveness of constitutional provisions, especially in large, free access of citizens to legal assistance. The criminal defense attorney and public defender are indispensable guardians of constitutional values or legal rights such as freedom, privacy, security and patrimony
Este estudo objetiva, especialmente, analisar as violações das prerrogativas profissionais do advogado criminal ou do defensor público, sobretudo no exercício da garantia constitucional do direito de defesa do defendido no processo penal, que é o instrumento de materialização dos direitos e garantias fundamentais do cidadão, cujas quais salvaguardam os princípios fundamentais da cidadania e da dignidade humana. Tais prerrogativas profissionais, exercidas exclusivamente pelo defensor, pertencem ao cidadão, que tem no defensor criminal o profissional indispensável à realização da Justiça Penal e da efetividade dos seus princípios, direitos e garantias constitucionais. Violar as prerrogativas do defensor significa impedir à defesa do defendido na persecução penal, provocando-lhe substancial prejuízo, como a segregação da liberdade e perda patrimonial, o que atinge a sua humana dignidade. As prerrogativas profissionais são instrumentos legais para que o defensor possa desempenhar efetivamente a defesa penal, sem as quais o direito de defesa não sairia do papel. Nesse contexto, a vítima também pode atuar ativamente na persecução penal para defender seus interesses, constituindo defensor, inclusive para intervir na ação penal assistindo a acusação oficial. A violação das prerrogativas profissionais, não só contraria a garantia do devido processo legal como torna injusta a decisão judicial, resultando em ações penais, cíveis e administrativas contra os agentes públicos infratores. A Constituição Federal introduziu no sistema jurídico e político princípios e valores, direitos e garantias para permitir um efetivo equilíbrio de forças entre o Estado acusador, de um lado, e o cidadão defendido, do outro. A evolução política e social demonstra, nesse sentido, o quanto os Estados Democráticos e de Direito têm se preocupado com a preservação da dignidade humana e a prevalência dos Direitos Humanos. Advocacia e Defensoria Pública como funções essenciais à Administração da Justiça e dotadas de prerrogativas profissionais exercem papel fundamental na efetividade dos preceitos constitucionais, principalmente no acesso amplo e gratuito do cidadão à assistência jurídica. O advogado criminal e o defensor público são indispensáveis guardiões dos valores ou bens jurídicos constitucionais, como a liberdade, intimidade, segurança e patrimônio
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Ribeiro, Juliana do Val. "A pessoa em condição de vulnerabilidade econômica e o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos: o acesso à justiça e a defensoria pública." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6743.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-10This study aims to analyze the access to justice of the person in economic vulnerability condition before the Inter-American Human Rights System and the work of the Public Defender. Whereas the rights in addition to the forecast need embodiment, and that sometimes the Government needs to be brought to work in the protection of human rights, access to justice is an important tool for the rights cease to be mere declarations of good intentions . The list os rights nowadays includes not only the forecasts in national law, but also existing in the international arena. It was found the main barriers to access to justice commonly faced by economically vulnerable people and that the use of international order can be an effective option for the protection of the victims. Brazil is part of the Inter-American Regional System, as ratified the American Convention on Human Rights. The Public Defender has the legal permission to represent victims of human rights violations in international mechanisms that are available. The Inter-American System has two protection mechanisms, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court, the latter being the only court in the system. The access of individuals to the Inter-American justice system takes place through the Committee, as it is not authorized individual petition to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The figure of the Inter-American Defense, to be called if the victim does not have legal representation was created. This prediction of the Inter-American Defense makes clear the recognition of locus standi for the victims. But, it was not yet recognized the jus standi, which would be very importante for the realization of justice and ensuring access to the Regional System, as the referral of the case to the Court through the Committee is discretionary
O presente estudo pretende analisar o acesso à justiça da pessoa em condição de vulnerabilidade econômica diante do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e a atuação da Defensoria Pública. Considerando que os direitos, para além da previsão precisam de concretização, e que por vezes o Poder Público precisa ser provocado para atuar na proteção dos direitos humanos, o acesso à justiça é importante instrumento para que os direitos deixem de ser meras declarações de boas intenções. O rol de direitos hoje abrange não só as previsões no ordenamento jurídico nacional, mas também as existentes no cenário internacional. Foram identificadas as principais barreiras ao acesso à justiça comumente enfrentadas pelas pessoas economicamente vulneráveis e constatou-se que o recurso ao ordenamento internacional pode ser opção efetiva para a proteção das vitimas. O Brasil é parte do Sistema Regional Interamericano, visto que ratificou a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. A Defensoria Pública possui autorização legal expressa para representar vitimas de violação de direitos humanos nos mecanismos internacionais disponíveis. O Sistema Interamericano conta com dois mecanismos de proteção, a Comissão Interamericana e a Corte Interamericana, sendo essa última o único órgão jurisdicional do Sistema. O acesso dos indivíduos ao Sistema de Justiça Interamericano se dá por intermédio da Comissão, já que não é autorizada a petição individual perante a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Foi criada a figura do Defensor Interamericano, o qual será designado caso a vitima não possua representação legal. Essa previsão do Defensor Interamericano deixa claro o reconhecimento do locus standi às vitimas. Mas,ainda não foi reconhecido o jus standi, o que seria de primordial importância para a realização da justiça e garantia de acesso ao Sistema Regional, já que o encaminhamento do caso à Corte por intermédio da Comissão é discricionário
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Silva, Arício Vieira da. "A AUSÊNCIA DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS COMO OFENSA À DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2625.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-20This study hás the aim to research which reasons the State of Goiás effectively did not installed its Public Defender although the Federal Constitution was proclaimed in 1988, even more 22 years ago. This has required the stablishment of this institution to provide legal assistance to full and free to the needy, and the investigation of cases of omission of the state violating the principle of human dignity. Problem: Why Public Defender was not set in Goiás` State? Which interests are involved with it that isn`t legally setting? Which social agents? Which are the consequences brought in the area of criminal law to people of low income? Is the legal aid model provided by the Attorney General`s Office is consistent with constitutional determinations? Is this federal default the struck the principle of human dignity in the criminal law area? Hypothesis: The non-implementation of the Public Defender in the State of Goiás gave up for lack of political will of public authorities who were in charge of government actions that State. Methodology: The method chosen to search the literature and also included newspaper as sources. Resulting statements were also used semi-structured interviews and questionnaires answered by operators of right and people who received the services of Legal Aid Attorney of the State of Goiás, as well as analysis of official dada released by the Attorney General State and the Order of Lawyers of Brazil Sectional of Goiás. Conclusion: The non-implementation of the Public Defender in the State of Goiás gave up for lack of political interest, omission of organized civil society movements lay claimed, resulting as a consequence, the difficulty of access to justice and affront to human dignity in disadvantage.
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as razões pelas quais o Estado de Goiás não implantou, efetivamente, a Defensoria Pública, mesmo decorridos mais de 22 anos da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Esta tornou obrigatório o estabelecimento dessa instituição para prestar assistência jurídica integral e gratuita às pessoas carentes; bem como a averiguação de casos de omissão estatal violando o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Problematização: Porque a Defensoria Pública não foi estabelecida em Goiás? O não estabelecimento atende a quais interesses? De quais sujeitos? Na área do direito penal para as pessoas de baixa renda, quais conseqüências trouxeram? O modelo de assistência judiciária prestado pela Procuradoria Geral do Estado é condizente com as determinações constitucionais? Essa omissão estatal feriu o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana na área penal? Hipótese: A não implantação da Defensoria Pública no Estado de Goiás deu-se por falta de vontade política das autoridades públicas que estiveram no comando das ações governamentais desse Estado. A metodologia privilegiou a pesquisa bibliográfica e, ainda, contou com jornais enquanto fontes. Também, foram utilizados depoimentos resultantes de entrevistas semi estruturadas e questionários aplicados aos operadores de direito e de pessoas que receberam os serviços da Procuradoria de Assistência Judiciária do Estado de Goiás, bem como, análise de dados oficiais divulgados pela Procuradoria-Geral do Estado e Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil Seccional de Goiás. Conclusão: A não implantação da Defensoria Pública no Estado de Goiás ocorreu por falta de interesse político, omissão da sociedade civil organizada em movimentos reivindicatórios resultado, como conseqüência, na dificuldade do acesso à justiça e a ofensa à dignidade da pessoa humana hipossuficiente.
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Stancati, Victor Henrique. "Autonomia administrativa financeira e orçamentária das defensorias públicas estaduais: análise e descrição dos seus modelos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15195.
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After more than ten years of recognition of the administrative, financial and budget to the State Public Defender, which was given by Constitutional Amendment No. 45/2004, it is still possible to find institutions of this species that suffer from daily interference in various aspects of his administration, in total disregard to what determines our Basic Law. However, interestingly this problem has not been shown to cool even on the national scene, with states where the Public Defender enjoy more autonomy and prestige, while in others they suffer to be recognized equal rights. In this sense, starting from a basic theoretical framework on autonomy of the Public Defender, the present study aimed to explore the elements that compose the concept, seeking to further verify and describe the existing asymmetries between the models of autonomy found in the Public Defender's state around the country. To this end, data were collected through direct observation, archival research and interviews, which were further processed and interpreted through the methodology of content analysis. The results obtained through the consolidations done under the five categories of analysis proposals led to the conclusion that the asymmetry between the existing models is a fact and is mostly noticeable in the areas of Financial Management and Budget as well as the choice of the institution's Board. Were also identified two key barriers to the implementation of the autonomy model recommended by the system, namely, the low autonomy in the estimated expenditure in the budget process and the absence of staff of its own limit for the Public Defender in the Fiscal Responsibility Law.
Passados mais de dez anos do reconhecimento da autonomia administrativa, financeira e orçamentária às Defensorias Públicas Estaduais, o que se deu através da Emenda Constitucional n° 45/2004, ainda é possível encontrar instituições desta espécie que sofrem com interferências diárias nos mais variados aspectos de sua administração, em total desrespeito ao que determina a nossa Lei Fundamental. Entretanto, curiosamente este problema não tem se mostrado de maneira uniforme no cenário nacional, havendo estados onde as Defensorias Públicas gozam de mais autonomia e prestígio, enquanto existem outros onde estas sofrem para ter igual direito reconhecido. Neste sentido, partindo de um referencial teórico básico sobre autonomia da Defensoria Pública, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo explorar os elementos que compõe tal conceito, buscando posteriormente verificar e descrever as assimetrias existentes entre os modelos de autonomia encontrados nas Defensorias Públicas estaduais ao redor do país. Para tanto, foram coletados dados através de observação direta, pesquisa documental e entrevistas, os quais foram posteriormente tratados e interpretados através da metodologia da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos através das consolidações efetuadas no âmbito das cincos categorias de análise propostas permitiram a conclusão de que a assimetria entre os modelos existentes é um fato, sendo perceptível principalmente nas áreas de Administração Financeira e Orçamentária, bem como na Formação da Alta Administração da Instituição. Também foram constatadas duas barreiras fundamentais para a implantação do modelo de autonomia preconizado pelo ordenamento, qual seja, a baixa autonomia na previsão de despesas no processo orçamentário e a ausência de limite próprio de pessoal para a Defensoria Pública na Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal.
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Silva, Orlando Sampaio de Almeida Monteiro da. "A legitimidade da defensoria pública para promover a tutela coletiva da moralidade administrativa." Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8358.
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The creates mechanisms to collective tuttelage of diffuse rights represented the overcoming of the individual paradigm wich was the base of the access to the justice. This is a conceptual enlargement that is based on the social discursive participation at the Decision-making political body. Working on the basis that the access to justice aims to protect the fundamental rights, your exercise must be enable towards all the three branches. At this point, the Public Defender institution represents a organism that can provides this type of access to justice. After a long discussion about the existence of the coletive legitimation of the Public Defense to use the class actions despite of the normative statement at the Law 7.347/85, the Constitutional Amendment 80/2014 and the judgment of the ADIn 3943/DF by the Supreme Court that certified your existence. In other way, theese normative innovations and the alluded judgment just partially made obsolete the discussion, cause some subject still remains, specially about the legitimation to intent civil action whose object relates to administrative impropriety. At this context, should be investigated the Public Defender legitimation, to provides the collective protection of the administrative morality. The study used the premisse that the administrative morality is a diffused right, which is judicialized by a colletive action, what brings the question about the defensorial legitimation to use it though non-existence express legal base at the Law 8.429/92.A criação de mecanismos específicos que possibilitem a tutela coletiva de direitos metaindividuais representou a necessária superação do paradigma individualista de processo civil e de acesso à justiça. De outro lado, a previsão legal de órgãos legitimados ao ajuizamento de ações coletivas se insere no transcurso de democratização do acesso à justiça, fenômeno este que os professores Mauro Cappelletti e Bryant Garth denominaram de segunda e terceira ondas renovatórias do acesso à justiça. Nesse contexto, a Defensoria Pública, no exercício de sua vocação constitucional, se encontra em constante contato com grupos sociais vulneráveis, cujo estado de necessidade transcende a seara econômica. Outossim, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, no julgamento da ADIn nº 3943/DF, consolidou o entendimento de que a Defensoria Pública tem legitimidade coletiva para fins de tutela coletiva de todas as espécies de direitos metaindividuais, desde que em situações que se harmonizem com o respectivo regime jurídico-constitucional. Conquanto a legitimidade defensorial tenha sido positivada na Lei nº 7.347/85, assim como reputada constitucional pelo STF, persiste discussão no que toca à extensão dessa legitimidade e, igualmente, à sua compatibilização com o critério de vulnerabilidade econômica, em especial no âmbito dos direitos difusos. Assim, o presente trabalho busca examinar essas indagações no que concerne, especificamente, à tutela da moralidade administrativa e o respectivo dever de probidade, mediante o ajuizamento de ação civil pública correlata. A discussão parte da premissa de que o direito à moralidade administrativa é difuso e de que o processamento de atos de improbidade tem lugar por meio de ação civil pública, de modo que se questiona se a legitimidade coletiva defensorial se estenderia a esta, embora a Lei nº 8.429/92 não a insira no elenco de legitimados.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Marmion, Bob, and victorianvolunteers@hotmail com. "The Victorian Volunteer Force on the central Victorian Goldfields, 1858-1883." La Trobe University. School of Arts and Education, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050430.150445.
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During the 19th century, defence was a major issue in Victoria as indeed it was in other
British colonies and the United Kingdom. To help defend themselves, self governing
colonies throughout the Empire enlisted local citizens to serve as part time soldiers on
a voluntary basis.
The Victorian government in 1859 - 60 took a calculated risk in adopting a Volunteer
Force to underpin the whole colonial defence scheme, particularly as the military
effectiveness of the citizen soldiers was questionable due to the lack of any real
discipline within the Force and the part time nature of the military service. Whilst the
savings which resulted (from using Volunteers rather than expensive Imperial troops)
were spent on building forts and purchasing ordnance to protect Port Phillip Bay, there
were other advantages to be gained from the government decision. It harnessed the
considerable groundswell of public patriotism and pride in the Empire to ensure the
development of a colonial society with strong links to Britain.
The Government also linked Volunteering, stability and patriotism together as part of
a less obvious agenda for the goldfields. In a period of lingering unrest only a few
short years after Eureka, the Volunteers provided a clear indication of government
power and yet another sign (along with the judicial system, education, language) of the
importance and expanse of British society. Should there be any civil unrest on the
goldfields, the local Corps were ideally suited to the role of civil control. On a number
of occasions, the Volunteer Corps were called out to maintain law and order.
The thesis studies a major group of over 5,100 men on the goldfields over two
decades, particularly with regard to their motives for joining the Volunteers and their
demographics such as ages, occupations, addresses, activities and the networks
between members. By addressing the Corps demographics it is possible to understand
the role played by the Volunteers in the development of goldfields society.
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Sereno, Sophie. "Le défenseur des droits et les discriminations dans l'emploi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1049.
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le droit français de la non-discrimination ne cesse de s’enrichir notamment sous l'influence du droit international et européen. La multiplication des normes ne suffit pourtant pas à produire l’effet escompté ; leur complexité rend même ce droit difficilement accessible pour les travailleurs comme pour les employeurs. La création d'une autorité indépendante (2004), missionnée pour combattre les discriminations et promouvoir l’égalité, a fortement contribué à faire évoluer l'ensemble du dispositif de protection. L'absorption de la Halde par le Défenseur des droits (2011) aurait pu faire douter du maintien de l'objectif de lutte contre les discriminations au travail (lato sensu). Il n'en est rien. L'action de cette nouvelle autorité, d’assise constitutionnelle, participe de l'effectivité de l’arsenal juridique en ce domaine. En témoigne sa contribution à la mobilisation et à l'enrichissement du droit substantiel ainsi qu'au renforcement de l’action publique contre les discriminations dans l’emploi, qui sont probablement les plus nombreuses et donc significatives. Si la question politique (et constitutionnelle) demeure de savoir si le Défenseur des droits pourrait devenir un contre-pouvoir, il apparaît que, sur le plan juridique, il contribue à enrichir la substance du droit de la non-discrimination tout en œuvrant pour le renforcement et la multiplication des actions permettant de le mettre en œuvre, en particulier dans le domaine de l'emploiSince twenty years, the non-discrimination law continues to enhance specially under the influence of the International and European Law. The multiplication of the norms isn’t however sufficient to achieve the desired effect ; their complexity even makes this law difficult to access for the employees as well as for the employers. The creation of an independent authority (2004), in charge of fighting against discrimination and promoting equality, has strongly contributed to improving the protection overall. The absorption of the Halde by the Defender of rights (2011) could have created a doubt regarding maintaining the objective of fighting against discriminations at work. It is not. The action of this new constitutional authority is involved in the effectiveness of the broad legal spectrum in this area. Evidenced by its contribution to the mobilization and the enhancement of the substantive law and the reinforcement of public action against discrimination in employment, which are probably the largest and therefore significant. If the political question (and constitutional) remains to determine if the the Defender of rights could become a counterpower, it appears that, legally, he helps to enrich the substance of the right of non-discrimination while working on the reinforcement and the multiplication of actions to enabling it’s implementation, especially in employment
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Gon?alves, Marcos Antonio Barbieri. "Assistente T?cnico Judici?rio na Defensoria P?blica: Suporte da teoria de Winnicott." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2015. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/350.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-01This dissertation deals with the possibilities of action of the psychologist as judiciary technical assistant in the Public Defender in the dismissal of family power lawsuit. The topics include social inequality, power relations in the justice system and healthy human development. These themes are central to the work of psychologists in Public Defender, since this organ works exclusively with whom the law defines as economically needy population. The objective was to find a critical way of action wich is proper to the place of the technical assistant in legal proceedings. Possible interventions was thought to the technical assistant capable to modify the family realities on the prevention of the occurrence of separation of children from their households due to lawsuit. The method used was qualitative documental research, in wich nine Administrative Procedures (PA) of the Public Defender were read and organized into vignettes and cases. The PA contain documents from agencies such as the Public Prosecutor, Court of Justice and others. Thus, it was possible to observe four problem situations that were common in the analyzed procedures. These are: babies institutionalized directly from maternity hospital, evaluation of material issues, individual guilt and lack of theoretical and technical background in the documents. The issues were discussed from the potencial of action of the technical assistant in their confrontation. Practical proposals, like the development of a visitation diary, were thought in the scope of the psychologist s work. It was concluded that preventive and community actions are useful tools to the work of the technical assistant.
A presente disserta??o versa sobre as possibilidades de atua??o do psic?logo como assistente t?cnico judici?rio na Defensoria P?blica em a??es de destitui??o do poder familiar. Os temas abordados abrangem a desigualdade social, as rela??es de poder no sistema de justi?a e o desenvolvimento humano saud?vel. Estes temas s?o centrais para o trabalho do psic?logo na Defensoria, posto que este ?rg?o trabalha exclusivamente com o que a legisla??o estabelece como popula??o economicamente necessitada. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de encontrar uma forma de atua??o cr?tica que seja pr?pria ao lugar do assistente t?cnico em processos judiciais. Foram pensadas interven??es poss?veis ao assistente t?cnico capazes de modificar as realidades familiares a ponto de se evitar a ocorr?ncia da separa??o de crian?as de seus n?cleos familiares decorrente de a??o judicial. O m?todo utilizado foi o qualitativo com pesquisa documental, em que nove Procedimentos Administrativos (PA) da Defensoria foram lidos e organizados em vinhetas e casos. Os PA cont?m documentos de ?rg?os como o Minist?rio P?blico, Tribunal de Justi?a e outros. Foi poss?vel observar quatro situa??es problemas frequentes nos procedimentos analisados. S?o elas: beb?s acolhidos institucionalmente diretamente da maternidade, avalia??o sobre quest?es materiais, culpabiliza??o individual e falta de embasamento te?rico-t?cnico em documentos. Os problemas foram discutidos a partir do potencial de atua??o do assistente t?cnico no enfrentamento deles. Propostas pr?ticas, tal qual a elabora??o de um di?rio de visitas, foram pensadas no ?mbito da atua??o do psic?logo. Concluiu-se que a??es preventivas e comunit?rias se mostram instrumentos ?teis ? atua??o do assistente t?cnico.
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Simpson, Katherine Hannah. "Public choice for flood defence." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22596.
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Why do we want to value the environment? Environmental assets provide a flow of goods and services over time which benefit mankind. Valuing these services contributes towards their protection and enhancement, however many of these benefits cannot be valued in traditional markets and as such rely on non-market valuation techniques. One of these is contingent valuation (CV) which directly asks respondents whether they are willing to pay for an improvement in the good or service. This thesis seeks to explore methodological issues associated with this method by undertaking a CV survey to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for a new type of flood defence (managed realignment) on the Tay Estuary, Scotland. One challenge for survey designers is to provide high quality, readily understandable information to mitigate bias in WTP estimates. This thesis contributes to the information provision literature by examining whether prior knowledge or new information has a greater effect on the WTP estimate when controlling for respondent experience and familiarity with the good. A field experiment was designed to test for respondent’s prior knowledge; allow for varying levels of information to be presented to respondents and identify information acquisition for each respondent. Specifically tested was the notion that respondents who learn the most about the good during the survey process will have a more robust WTP estimate. Results were mixed: a causal relationship between information provision and learning was established with respondents in the higher treatment groups scoring higher in the second quiz. However, there was no relationship identified between prior knowledge, information provision and WTP. Personal motivations were the strongest predictors of WTP: those who were most concerned about flood risk and who lived closest to the proposed flood defence were willing to pay the most. A second issue in CV is consequentiality. Carson and Groves (2007) argue that for a survey to produce meaningful information about respondent’s preferences the respondent must view their responses as potentially influencing the supply of the public good. This thesis seeks add to this relatively new literature by exploring the observable factors which may influence respondents perceived consequentiality; specifically the effects of familiarity and information. Respondents were asked to state how confident they were that the results of the survey would be used by policy makers on a Likert scale ranging from “very unconfident” through to “very confident”. Results conformed to the Carson and Groves knife edge result: consequential respondents had significantly different WTP distributions compared to inconsequential and unsure respondents and were willing to pay significantly more towards the scheme. Consequential respondents also conformed the theoretical considerations of construct validity whilst inconsequential respondents did not. Respondents with more prior knowledge also appeared to be more likely to perceive the survey as consequential, although this was not consistent across all treatment groups. There is a concern that WTP and consequentiality are endogenous: respondents who want the policy to go ahead may be more likely to state the survey is consequential and state a high WTP in the hope these responses combined contribute to the policy maker’s decision. From a policy perspective the high level of support for the new scheme was encouraging and in contrast to previous findings on preferences for managed realignment. From a flood risk management perspective a “miss-match” between actual and perceived flood risk was highlighted, with many respondents stating they were not at risk from flooding when they in fact were. This is potentially concerning as respondents may not be taking adequate steps to protect their home from future flood risks. Overall it is recognised that values derived from the CV survey form one small part of the planning process and while informative, the decision for a scheme to take place should not be based on these values alone.
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Schwartzman, Micah Jacob. "Towards a defence of public reason." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270472.
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Ogle, Peter, and n/a. "A defence of non-introspective simulationism." University of Otago. Department of Philosophy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070117.085634.
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This thesis is a defence of non-introspective simulationism. It seeks to explain how we acquire everyday behavioural and psychological beliefs (henceforth interpretational beliefs) regarding both ourselves and others. The thesis is in three parts; the first states non-introspective simulationism, the second surveys some relevant empirical findings and shows how simulationism explains (or at least accomodates) these, and the third compares simulationism with rival theories.
The two main claims of non-introspecitve simulationism (as defended) are: simulation is central to the acquisition of interpretational beliefs. Introspection has no role whatever.
Further central claims are: beliefs about our own currently intended behaviours are acquired by practical reasoning. Other interpretational beliefs are, in various ways, the product of simulation. Simulation requires little if any machinery not already required for practical reasoning. Knowledge of our own psychological states is acquired after and as a result of knowledge of others�. Knowledge of phenomenal states is unnecessary for mastery of folk psychology and the product of dinkum science.
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Delmore, Colin, and n/a. "Moves towards privatisation of Australia's Defence industries." University of Canberra. Management, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060704.132456.
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The degree and nature of government involvement in the production of war
materials has changed markedly in recent years. This dissertation traces
events that have occurred and the background to these. It attempts to put
in context, changes that have taken place particularly over the past decade,
and which to date have not been placed in a connected sequence or
described as part of an overall plan.
The dissertation commences with a brief outline of the growth of defence
industry in Australia and its subsequent decline in size and performance
during the last forty years. From this base, it looks at options which faced
governments at the beginning of the 1980's, decisions which were made,
and the reasons for those decisions. It then goes on to examine whether the
"best" options were followed from a number of viewpoints. These include
defence strategic considerations, matters of probity and equity in the
disposal of assets, (particularly the public good), as well as the impact on
those affected by the decision. The process of change, including the extent
to which decisions and their effects were scrutinised by external and
auditing agencies, is then considered. The experience in this country has to
a large extent paralleled, although lagged, that in the United Kingdom.
Accordingly, appropriate references are brought from the UK experience to
highlight alternatives to, or weaknesses of, the processes followed and
policies implemented locally.
Finally, the essay provides some discussion of the benefits and costs
which have been observed so far, as well as postulating options which may
be taken in Australia as the process of change continues.
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Dunar, Charles J. Mitchell Jared L. Robbins Donald L. "Private military industry analysis private and public companies /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FDunar%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007."Advisor(s): Dew, Nicholas ; Hudgens, Bryan J. "December 2007." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 10, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-127). Also available in print.
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Dawes, Gregory W., and n/a. "Theism and explanation : a defence of scientific naturalism." University of Otago. Department of Philosophy, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070815.134617.
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The modern sciences are characterised by a methodological atheism. Even though religions offer what appear to be explanations of various facts about the world, such proposed explanations are not taken seriously within the sciences. Even if no natural explanation were available, it would be assumed that one exists. Is this merely a sign of atheistic prejudice, as some critics suggest? Or are there good reasons to exclude from science explanations that invoke a supernatural agent? My answer to this question has two parts. On the one hand, I concede the bare possibility that talk of divine action could constitute a potential explanation of some state of affairs, while noting that the conditions under which this would be true are unlikely ever to be fulfilled. On the other hand, I argue that a proposed explanation of this kind would rate poorly, when measured against our usual standards of explanatory virtue. Even if it were the only proposed explanation on offer, we would have good reason to seek an alternative.
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Novaes, Maria Carmen de Albuquerque. "Medida socioeducativa de prestação de serviços à comunidade: um estudo sobre a execução da medida pela Defensoria Pública do Estado da Bahia no município de Salvador." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/418.
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A efetividade da medida socioeducativa de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade – PSC executada no âmbito da Defensoria Pública no Município de Salvador é o objeto trazido aqui ao estudo, conforme a doutrina da proteção integral assentada no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, que reformulou a compreensão acerca de adolescentes que cometem ato infracional e o caráter das medidas socioeducativas a eles aplicadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, e, a fim de assegurar a ampla compreensão do tema, o trabalho apresentará capítulos teóricos que contextualizarão os conceitos de ato infracional e medidas socioeducativas, apresentação da prática na Defensoria Pública, finalizando em considerações sobre a relação estabelecida entre a teoria e a pesquisa empírica buscada neste estudo. Com o objetivo de compreender a execução da medida socioeducativa de PSC pela Defensoria Pública do Estado da Bahia, o presente estudo propõe aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as circunstâncias da execução desta medida e identificar a efetividade do cumprimento desta medida para garantir seu caráter pedagógico e os direitos preconizados a este público específico de adolescentes a quem foi aplicada a PSC.
The effectiveness of the socioeducative measure of Provision of Services to the Community - PSC executed within the scope of the Public Defender's Office in the Municipality of Salvador, is the object brought here to study in accordance with the doctrine of integral protection established in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, who reformulated the understanding of adolescents who commit an offense and the nature of the socioeducative measures applied to them. It is a qualitative research, and, in order to ensure a broad understanding of the subject, the work will present theoretical chapters that contextualize the concepts of offender and socio-educational measures, presentation of the practice in the Public Defender's Office, ending in considerations on the relationship established between the theory and the empirical research sought in this study. With the aim of understanding the execution of the socioeducative measure of PSC by the Public Defender of the State of Bahia, this study proposes to deepen the knowledge about the circumstances of the execution of this measure, and to identify the effectiveness of compliance with this measure to guarantee its pedagogical nature and the rights advocated to this specific audience of adolescents to whom the PSC was applied.
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Richardson, Robert R. "Defense co-production : collaborative national defense /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FRichardson.pdf.
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Boson, Erik Palácio. "A defensoria pública e a tutela jurisdicional da moralidade administrativa: do fundamento constitucional da legitimidade da defensoria pública para a tutela jurisdicional da moralidade administrativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-06112015-142121/.
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Este trabalho se propõe a estudar se a abrangência da legitimidade de atuação atribuída pela Constituição Federal à Defensoria Pública pode ser entendida de forma a albergar a possibilidade de defesa judicial da moralidade administrativa. A relevância deste estudo se revela na repercussão social da discussão. É dizer, considerando a corrupção como um dos maiores entraves ao desenvolvimento social, então a eficiência no controle da moralidade administrativa está diretamente ligada à eficiência na própria redução da desigualdade social, que, por sua vez, é o fundamento maior da atuação da Defensoria Pública. Seria lícito, nesta perspectiva, impedir o ajuizamento de Ação de Improbidade pela Defensoria? Enfrenta-se o questionamento à luz da perspectiva de que a instituição tem a responsabilidade de defesa dos direitos individuais e transindividuais dos necessitados, entendidos estes como qualquer sujeito em situação de vulnerabilidade (a despeito de sua particular condição econômica). Entendeu-se por bem dividir o estudo em quatro partes, cada uma das quais correspondendo a um dos conceitos chaves delimitados pelo próprio título. Ou seja, primeiro se estuda a Defensoria Pública, logo após é feito um exame sobre o controle jurisdicional da Administração Pública; em terceiro lugar, é feita uma análise dos aspectos relevantes do conceito da moralidade administrativa, para, só então, em último lugar, adentrar especificamente a questão do problema efetivamente proposto. Nesta oportunidade, pretendeu-se enfrentar cada um dos argumentos costumeiramente levantados por aqueles que respondem negativamente à questão proposta. Considerados os pressupostos mencionados, concluiu-se pela legitimidade da Defensoria Pública para a tutela jurisdicional da moralidade administrativa. Destarte, caso seja constatado que a Ação de Improbidade é a melhor solução para o caso concreto, não existe razão jurídica que justifique a obstaculização desta via processual à Defensoria Pública.This paper aims to examine whether the scope of action of legitimacy conferred by the Constitution to the Public Defense can be understood in order to accommodate the possibility of legal defense of administrative morality. The relevance of this study is revealed in the social repercussions of the discussion. That is, considering corruption as one of the greatest barriers to social development, then the efficient control of administrative morality is directly linked to efficiency in specific reduction of social inequality, which, in turn, is the largest foundation of the work of the Public Defense. Would it be reasonable, in this perspective, prevent the filing of Misconduct Action by the Public Defense? Such questioning is faced in the light of the view that the institution has the responsibility to defend both and transindividual rights of the needy, which are understood as any subject in a vulnerable situation (despite their particular economic condition). It was understood to be appropriate to divide the study into four parts, each of which corresponding to one of the key concepts defined by their own title. That is, firstly the Public Defense is studied, afterwards an examination is made on the judicial control of the Public Administration; thirdly, an analysis of the relevant aspects of the concept of administrative morality is made, only then, finally, specifically touch upon the issue of the effectively proposed problem. This time, it was intended to address every argument customarily raised by those who respond negatively to the question posed. Considering the aforementioned assumptions, we concluded the legitimacy of the Public Defense for the judicial protection of administrative morality. Thus, should it be found that the misconduct of action is the best solution to the present case, there is no legal reason to justify hindering this procedural means to the Public Defense
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Reitzig, Andreas, and n/a. "Trans-Tasman defence perceptions in the post-ANZUS era." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20091105.131723.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout history, Australia and New Zealand have developed a special relationship due to their close geographic proximity and their similar cultural and colonial backgrounds. Ever since 1986, when New Zealand was suspended from the trilateral Security Treaty Between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States of America (ANZUS), Australia has been New Zealand's closest ally. As a result, the thesis specifically focuses on trans-Tasman defence relations after 1986, with a particular emphasis on attitude trends towards the bilateral defence relationship. Overall, the thesis aims to find out whether there has been a drift in the bilateral defence relationship between Australia and New Zealand since 1986. In this regard, it examines two main questions: first, is the Australian-New Zealand defence relationship is less close today than it was in 1986? The thesis findings show that there has indeed been a visible drift in trans-Tasman defence relations. In both countries, the relationship is much less talked about today than it was in 1986. Second, do Australians and New Zealanders view the bilateral defence relationship any more negatively today than they did in 1986? As the results show, the disagreement over defence spending, New Zealand's decision to restructure the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) as well as the ANZUS split were the main factors that have brought about some distance between both countries' defence policies and priorities. However, beside the downs in the bilateral defence relationship, there have also been ups embodied by the sometimes rather elusive Anzac spirit, the optimism that surrounded the creation of Closer Defence Relations (CDR) in the 1990s and, most notably, enhanced trans-Tasman cooperation in peacekeeping, primarily in the immediate regional neighbourhood. Importantly, Australians and New Zealanders do not see the defence relationship any more negatively today than they did in 1986. Indeed, opinion trends at all societal levels have been remarkably constant over the last two decades. Based on these findings, the thesis concludes that the bilateral defence relationship may well become closer again in the future, especially if both countries continue their close cooperation in regional peacekeeping. This appears to be the most promising way ahead for the Anzac defence relationship in the 21st century.
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Elmore, Scott K. "The insanity defense| Public opinion and the public's tendency to implicate mental illness in high-profile crimes." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614955.
Full textAbstract:
Media accounts have influenced public opinion about the insanity defense and have given rise to misperceptions about its purpose and rate of usage. This study hypothesizes that the public is more likely to implicate mental illness in irrational crimes and that the more media exposure given to the case, the more likely the public is to implicate mental illness. This study also seeks to establish current public opinion of the utility and prevalence of the insanity defense. The results of this research do not conclusively indicate that amount of media attention can be used to predict the public's tendency to implicate mental illness as a motive for crime, thus, hypothesis one was only partially supported. Meanwhile, hypothesis two, participants will be more likely to implicate mental illness in crime that they perceive to be irrational was not supported by this study. The third hypothesis, participants will be more likely to give a verdict of NGRI if they implicated mental illness as the motive for the crime, was only partially supported by this study. With the ever-growing media attention devoted to implicating mental illness in high-profile crimes, results from this study suggest that the public does not correlate the amount of media attention dedicated to high-profile cases with mental illness.
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Jaksec, Gregory M. "Public-private-defense partnering in critical infrastructure protection." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FJaksec.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Ted Lewis. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.41-45). Also available online.
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Sadeh, Sharon. "Public policy limits in the Israeli defence industry." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445037/.
Full textAbstract:
Scholars and journalists have criticised Israel's governmental system as ineffective or unstable, pointing at shortcomings in its policy-making capabilities. However, explanations of what limits its performance have been partial, as they focus on formal attributes of government institutions or the characteristics and interactions of individuals and groups. They have neglected the causal relationship between institutional features, public policy decisions and capabilities. The study seeks to address this gap in academic literature by offering an in-depth view into the system's workings. It investigates the policy implemented by the Labour government in the defence industry, Israel's largest manufacturing sector, when it sought to streamline and reorganise Israel Military Industries (IMI), Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), and Rafael during their financial crises in the early 1990s. In each case, access to sources and documents enabled the intricate chain of events to be traced and disentangled. The study shows how past policy choices and institutional constraints can influence the government's ability to implement a chosen policy and impose financial losses on organised interests. By identifying how the institutional framework affects the actors involved, the study sheds a light on the constraints that shape policy outcomes. It argues that elected policy-makers preferred to maintain existing institutional arrangements, despite the serious impediments they posed to government, rather than forcing a particular policy on a reluctant constituency. The result was that some government capabilities remained impaired.
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Low, Kuan Hong. "Public-private partnerships in defense acquisition programs-defensible?" Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FLow_Kuan.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Business Administration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Summers, Don ; San Miguel, Joseph. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: PPP, public-private partnership, defense contracting, defense contracting, finance, Singapore, U.S., UK, Australia, off-balance sheet Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-61). Also available in print.
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Nelson, Michelle Amy, and n/a. "Protein Bound 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine as a Signal for Enhanced Antioxidant Defences." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081209.125208.
Full textAbstract:
Protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (PB-DOPA), a long-lived, redox-active product of
protein oxidation, is capable of functioning as both a pro- and anti-oxidant. A number of
in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated a toxic, non-toxic or even beneficial effect of
free DOPA, however little investigation has examined the physiological activity of PB-DOPA.
Furthermore, as free DOPA is currently the major treatment available for Parkinson?s disease,
most studies have focused on the effect of DOPA within neurological cells or tissues,
although the presence of PB-DOPA in other locations, for example within atherosclerotic
plaques, suggests that broader research is needed to fully understand the physiological effects
of both free and PB-DOPA.
The hypothesis presented in this thesis is that under physiological conditions, when little
redox active transition metal is available, PB-DOPA can function as a redox signalling
molecule, triggering an enhancement of cellular antioxidant defences, with a potentially
specific role in the regulation of defences targeted against protein oxidation. Physiological
levels of PB-DOPA are very low, however the level on individual proteins can change to a
proportionally large degree during oxidative stress, an appropriate property for a signalling
molecule. In addition, remarkably elevated levels occur in some pathologies, including
atherosclerosis. As an initial and commonly formed product of protein oxidation, PB-DOPA
is well placed for a signalling role, promoting a significant up-regulation of antioxidant
defences in the early stages of oxidative stress, before extensive damage has occurred. As an
initiator of antioxidant defences, PB-DOPA would be potentially useful as a therapeutic for
the treatment of diseases involving oxidative stress or the accumulation of oxidative damage.
The main objective of this thesis was, therefore, to examine the effect of PB-DOPA on the
cellular antioxidant defence system using monocytic and macrophage-like cells, key cells
involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The incorporation of free DOPA into
protein during protein synthesis, a process previously shown to occur both in vitro and in vivo,
was used to generate PB-DOPA. Neither free nor PB-DOPA were found to be toxic to
monocytic or macrophage-like cells in culture, but rather were both capable of protecting
these cells from oxidative stress. Free DOPA was shown to be capable of directly scavenging
radicals, a process that was thought to be in part responsible for the protection induced during
oxidative stress. The presence of free and PB-DOPA up-regulated the activity of catalase and
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, two enzymatic antioxidants, however the activity of
superoxide dismutase and the concentration of oxidised and reduced glutathione were not
affected. Whilst it was thought that PB-DOPA would have a specific effect on the activity of
antioxidant defences targeted against protein oxidation, proteolysis and bulk chaperone
activity were not affected by a combination of free and PB-DOPA. Oxidatively-induced
protein aggregation, however, was inhibited by the presence of free and PB-DOPA,
suggesting that a more specific chaperone regulation may be taking place.
The regulation of gene and protein expression was thought to be one possible mechanism by
which PB-DOPA could function as a signalling molecule. To test this hypothesis, the effect of
free and PB-DOPA on transcription factor activation and protein expression were investigated.
Free and PB-DOPA did not induce the expression or activation of Nrf2, AP-1 or NFJB, three
transcription factors thought to be involved in the expressional regulation of genes involved in
the antioxidant defence system. However, the expression of a number of proteins, including
antioxidants, chaperones and proteins involved in cell cycle progression, were regulated in
monocytic and macrophage-like cells following the administration of free DOPA under
conditions that resulted in either a high or low level of PB-DOPA generation. The regulated
proteins differed between the two conditions, suggesting that the level of PB-DOPA may be a
key factor in determining the specific defences targeted.
The results presented in this thesis support the hypothesis that PB-DOPA can function as a
signalling molecule, triggering an enhancement of cellular antioxidant defences, with a
specific role in the regulation of the chaperone system, a key defence targeted against protein
oxidation. This thesis may provide the basis for the potential use of free or PB-DOPA as a
therapeutic for diseases known to involve oxidative stress or oxidative damage, however more
research will be required to determine if the effects demonstrated in this thesis are also
capable of occurring in vivo.
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McNally, Raymond Gordon, and n/a. "Defence technological edge program management : a search for more reliable outcomes." University of Canberra. Management and Policy, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061013.122250.
Full textAbstract:
During the early 1960s, the US Department of Defense, under Secretary Robert
McNamara implemented for the first time in national government a Planning-Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS) in order to improve effectiveness
and efficiency in defence program management. McNamara sought improved
effectiveness through a formal five-year program designed to reduce costs. He
also sought efficient methods of managing joint service strategy coordination,
requirements' analysis and planning, and improved alignment between the
choice of requirements and the size and nature of the acquisition program. The
Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) and the UK Ministry of Defence later
sought to implement their own forms of PPBS. Recently, both have introduced
program management innovations that seek to achieve more reliably effective
and efficient outcomes.
The thesis has reviewed program management theory with a particular focus on
its implementation challenges relating to strategic management, program
review, personnel management and program coordination. It has sought to
answer the research problem: Which specific management designs could offer
better outcomes for Australian defence technological edge programs? The
thesis' central proposition is that the greatest opportunities for improving
defence program outcomes occur when classic PPBS concepts are
implemented within a Program Management System that incorporates Zero-
Base budgeting (ZBB), Management by Objectives (MBO), and Matrix
structural systems. All of these systems, either alone or in combination seek to
enhance program quality, scheduling, financial management and evaluation.
The research used in-depth case study research based on qualitative data found
within a selection of recent Australian National Audit Office reports, and other
public records. The central proposition is subjected to dynamic reliabilityrelated
contingency analysis and evaluation. The thesis concludes with the
proposition that if managers were to implement a contingency based integrated
mixture of the above-mentioned systems they could expect improved
technological edge program outcomes.
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Kartal, Umit. "Public Space Must be Defended: Hannah Arendt's Conception of Politics and The Public Space: Its Promises and Limits." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/745.
Full textAbstract:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF UMIT KARTAL, for the Master of Arts degree in PHILOSOPHY, presented on September 29, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: PUBLIC SPACE MUST BE DEFENDED. HANNAH ARENDT'S CONCEPTION OF POLITICS AND THE PUBLIC SPACE: ITS PROMISES AND LIMITS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Kenneth Stikkers This thesis is an examination of Hannah Arendt's reconsideration of the meaning of politics and her systematic search for the recovery of the public spaces. Her scrutiny of the meaning of politics is determined by the disastrous outcomes of totalitarian experiences from both ends of the political spectrum, namely, Nazism and Stalinism. For Arendt, the phenomenon of totalitarianism deserted the human world and brought new issues forth, such as statelessness, rightlessness, homelessness, and worldlessness. These phenomena, Arendt holds, run parallel to the collapse of the essential articulations of the human condition, which can be distinguished in sheer thoughtlessness, speechlessness, and lack of judgment. It is due to these unprecedented and unanticipated issues, which cannot be addressed by traditional political categories, Arendt invites us to grapple with the meaning of politics anew. The basic definition of politics, for Arendt, is human plurality, namely, our coexistence in a common world which enables differences and diversities of perspectives to appear. The question what politics means, for Arendt, is inextricably tied to what its distinctive locus is, namely, the public space or space of appearances. The emergence of the social resulted in blurring the distinctive line between the public realm and the private realm. Then, the recovery of the public space is of a central place in Arendt's political theory. Through Arendt's reconsideration of the meaning of politics and the recovery of the public space we are provided a comprehensive framework to think about a more inclusive and democratic politics. Nevertheless, we are challenged by a set of problems: a very sharp distinction between the public realm and the private realm, a contrast between the social and political, and a lack of systematic interest in democracy. First, I concentrate on Arendt's insightful analysis of politics and the public space in turn. Then I focus on the problematic aspects of her political theory. Finally, I argue that these problematic aspects can be complemented by a comparative reading of Arendt with John Dewey. I conclude that Dewey offers us a more dynamic criterion to decide the line between the private realm and the public realm. Instead of opposing the social to political, Dewey extends the scope of politics by taking every aspects of social life into consideration. The recovery of the public, for him, depends essentially on democracy, which is identified to the experience of local community.