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Journal articles on the topic 'Public defense'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

S., Suganthi, and Birundha S. "PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN DEFENCE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 05 (2023): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16886.

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The second-largest military force in the world, the Indian Defense sector, is on the verge of transformation. India is third in the world for military spending, with its defence spending making up 2.15% of the GDP of the nation. By 2025, GOI hopes to have a revenue of USD 25 billion, including an export of USD 5 billion in goods and services related to aerospace and defence. Two Defense Industrial Corridors have been developed by the government in Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Defense Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and Ordinance Factories (OFs) were gradually established to take on the rol

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2

Lucas, Lauren Sudeall. "Public Defense Litigation." Indiana Law Review 51, no. 1 (2018): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/4806.1183.

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Anderson, James F., Christine A. VanDross, Esq., Kelley Reinsmith-Jones, and Adam H. Langsam. "Challenges Faced by the Clayton County, Georgia Public Defender’s Office." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 1 (2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i1.2829.

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While the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees indigent defendant’s legal representation in state and federal courts, public defenders’ offices are challenged by the lack of resources to represent an endless flow of clients, attract and retain talented counsel, enlist the help of expert witnesses, as well as deliver the best quality defense. This study addresses the daily strain of defending clients who are not always the most cooperative in helping their own defense, but it also reveals the struggles and challenges faced by an urban southern public defender’s office and what ch

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Harris, Heather M. "Building Holistic Defense: The Design and Evaluation of a Social Work Centric Model of Public Defense." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 6 (2020): 800–832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403420916228.

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Holistic defense is a model of public defense rooted in the early 20th century recognition that lawyers and social workers should cooperate to advocate with and for individuals and communities in need. Prior work on holistic defense highlighted its potential to transform the lives of public defender clients by transforming the legal practice of attorneys. Comparatively, social workers’ roles in these transformations have been neglected. Yet many holistic defense programs begin by integrating social workers onto legal teams. In this article, I describe and evaluate a social work centric holisti

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5

Tygart, Clarence E. "Public Acceptance/Rejection of Insanity–-mental Illness Legal Defenses for Defendants in Criminal Homicide Cases." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 20, no. 3 (1992): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539202000306.

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A representative sample of public opinion was investigated concerning the processes by which the public accepts/rejects homicide defendants’ mental illness legal defenses. Lesser acceptance of a mental illness defense was associated with: (1) political conservatism; (2) traditional or orthodox religious beliefs; and (3) a “free will” rather than a “determinism” philosophical stance. Mental health professionals were accorded little influence in the public's determination of their positions on the mental illness defense. However, for those who did not have strong opinions on the mental illness d

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6

Steed, Michael. "The public and Atlantic defense." International Affairs 62, no. 2 (1986): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618375.

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7

Bethke, James D., and Morgan Shell. "Public Defense Innovation in Texas." Indiana Law Review 51, no. 1 (2018): 111–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/4806.1184.

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8

Morabia, Alfredo. "In Defense of Public Health." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 2 (2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306644.

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Youdelis, Megan. "In Defense of Public Lands." Conservation and Society 17, no. 2 (2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_18_139.

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10

Pierre, Andrew J., Gregory Flynn, and Hans Rattinger. "The Public and Atlantic Defense." Foreign Affairs 63, no. 5 (1985): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042385.

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Stainton, Robert J. "In defense of public languages." Linguistics and Philosophy 34, no. 5 (2011): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10988-011-9104-7.

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12

Primus, Eve. "The Problematic Structure of Indigent Defense Delivery." Michigan Law Review, no. 122.2 (2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.122.2.problematic.

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The national conversation about criminal justice reform largely ignores the critical need for structural reforms in the provision of indigent defense. In most parts of the country, decisions about how to structure the provision of indigent defense are made at the local level, resulting in a fragmented patchwork of different indigent defense delivery systems. In most counties, if an indigent criminal defendant gets representation at all, it comes from assigned counsel or flat-fee contract lawyers rather than public defenders. In those assigned-counsel and flat-fee contract systems, the lawyers

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13

Purwaningsih, Endang, Farida Jasfar, and Kusnadi. "THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL STRATEGY AND PUBLIC POLICY OF STATE DEFENCE AWARENESS MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE MEDIATED BY STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 10 (2022): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i10.2022.4830.

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State Defence awarenessis is the collective awareness of the Indonesian nation that is needed by the state to defend its sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national safety in the face of every threat. The aim of the research is to analyze influence variable social strategy and public policy in the State Defence Awareness Management of organization performance of the Ministry of Defense mediated by strategic change management. This study uses quantitative approach with study expanatory. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with using Smart PLS 3.0 for analyze connection or i

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14

Shotter, John. "In defense of public spheres and public goods." Concepts and Transformation 8, no. 1 (2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.8.1.02sho.

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This article examines the arguments offered by Will Hutton (2002) in drawing out a whole set of crucial differences between American and European capitalism, and why we should prefer the European version. The essential difference, as he sees it, is that while there is an ultimate preference for liberty and individualism in America, there are still in Europe a whole set of interlinked, positive attitudes towards equality, social solidarity, and the importance of public discourse. Hutton argues for the importance of these differences because, as he sees it, under the influence of the individuali

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Chourasia, Rishav, Batnyam Enkhtaivan, Kunihiro Ito, Junki Mori, Isamu Teranishi, and Hikaru Tsuchida. "Knowledge Cross-Distillation for Membership Privacy." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 2 (2022): 362–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2022-0050.

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Abstract A membership inference attack (MIA) poses privacy risks for the training data of a machine learning model. With an MIA, an attacker guesses if the target data are a member of the training dataset. The state-of-the-art defense against MIAs, distillation for membership privacy (DMP), requires not only private data for protection but a large amount of unlabeled public data. However, in certain privacy-sensitive domains, such as medicine and finance, the availability of public data is not guaranteed. Moreover, a trivial method for generating public data by using generative adversarial net

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Moore, Janet, and Andrew L. B. Davies. "Introduction to Special Issue: New Developments in Public Defense Research." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 6 (2020): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403420921228.

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This special issue focuses on interdisciplinary research in public defense. Seven papers represent a diverse group of scholars in an understudied field. Two overarching themes emerge. The first theme, “System Interventions: Evaluating Programs and Identifying Opportunities,” includes three studies of innovative policies and practices. Two evaluate new resource injections that support, respectively, social work-initiated holistic defense and counsel at first appearance. The third examines state sentencing schemes to identify opportunities for emphasizing defendant assets instead of deficits. Th

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HUSERAȘ, Alin Teodor, and Nicolae BALTEȘ. "EVALUATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE." Revista Economica 75, no. 2 (2023): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2023-0019.

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Measuring the defense product (or national defense as a public good) is a necessary step in determining the efficient use of public funds in the defense sector. In this paper, the final product obtained by the military field is analyzed from a macroeconomic perspective. The defense sector absorbs a substantial part of the state s resources, limited resources that could have multiple alternatives uses for society (education, health, infrastructure, etc.). While defense expenditure (considered as input or consumption of resources) is known for each state, for now there is no internationally esta

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Alin, Teodor Huseraș, and NICOLAE BALTES. "EVALUATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE." Revista Economica 75, no. 2 (2023): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2023-0019.

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Measuring the defense product (or national defense as a public good) is a necessary step in determining the efficient use of public funds in the defense sector. In this paper, the final product obtained by the military field is analyzed from a macroeconomic perspective. The defense sector absorbs a substantial part of the state s resources, limited resources that could have multiple alternatives uses for society (education, health, infrastructure, etc.). While defense expenditure (considered as input or consumption of resources) is known for each state, for now there is no internationally esta

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19

Morgen, Sandra, and Jennifer Erickson. "Incipient “commoning” in defense of the public?" Focaal 2017, no. 79 (2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.790105.

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This article examines the development of competing forms of fiscal citizenship in Oregon tax-related ballot initiative campaigns between 1970 and 2010. Antitax advocates constructed a “taxpayer identity politics” that positioned a privatized “taxpayer” against representatives of the state, recipients of public services, and public sector unions. In response, a progressive coalition produced an alternative citizen—the “Oregonian,” a socially responsible taxpayer/citizen who supports and defends public services and values a “common good.” “Incipient commoning” emerges as support for “the common

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20

Ardi, Asma Aulia Zikra Hanum, Timbul Siahaan, and IB Putra Jandhana. "KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK PERTAHANAN NEGARA INDONESIA." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i1.40.

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This research is analytical descriptive research. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze Indonesia's national defense public policy from time to time. Formulating national defense public policies with appropriate and adaptive strategies in the implementation of national defense is an absolute requirement for realizing the independence of national defense and security. Public policy on national defense can guide and provide the nation in the future in facing various threats, disturbances, obstacles, and challenges that come and go, both military and non-military threats. Therefore,

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21

Ilovača, Kristijan. "Implementation Of Dual-Use Technologies in Defense and Public Security." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 07, no. 06 (2025): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume07issue06-08.

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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms for introducing dual-use technologies into defense and public-security frameworks. The topic’s relevance stems from rapid advances in technical solutions that blur the traditional lines between civilian and military applications—creating new opportunities to boost efficiency across multiple sectors, while simultaneously posing significant risks of international destabilization and threats to national integrity. The study aims to survey contemporary models for integrating dual-use technologies, to identify regulatory, economic, and

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22

Hall, George. "Defense Procurement and Public Utility Regulation." Defense Procurement and Public Policy Regulation, no. 90 (October 1, 2019): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/dau.19-822.26.04.

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First published in 1968, this article examines possible change in the government procurement regulatory framework that could conceivably confer public utility status on the producers of major weapon systems. The author posits that applying public utility regulation could not ameliorate the regulatory problem, and the best solution to procurement regulation is to minimize the need for it.

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23

Reisman, W. Michael. "In Defense of World Public Order." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 4 (2001): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674627.

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24

Stahl, Titus. "Privacy in Public: A Democratic Defense." Moral Philosophy and Politics 7, no. 1 (2020): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2019-0031.

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AbstractTraditional arguments for privacy in public suggest that intentionally public activities, such as political speech, do not deserve privacy protection. In this article, I develop a new argument for the view that surveillance of intentionally public activities should be limited to protect the specific good that this context provides, namely democratic legitimacy. Combining insights from Helen Nissenbaum’s contextualism and Jürgen Habermas’s theory of the public sphere, I argue that strategic surveillance of the public sphere can undermine the capacity of citizens to freely deliberate in

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25

Hoskins, Dalmer D. "In defense of public pension systems." Ageing International 22, no. 2 (1995): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681087.

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26

Gómez Reyes, José Alfredo. "Los Derechos humanos en la legítima defensa y el uso proporcional de la fuerza." Enfoques Jurídicos, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/ej.v0i3.2560.

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RESUMEN: El presente artículo aborda un punto de vista teórico-práctico sobre la legítima defensa como causa de justificación de los delitos, así como el uso proporcional de la fuerza en la defensa de bienes jurídicos tutelados encomendados a cuerpos de seguridad pública y a los de seguridad privada. Todo ello, desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos.ABSTRACT: This essay addresses a theoretical-practical point of view on legitimate defense as a cause of justification for crimes, as well as the proportional use of force in the defense of protected legal assets encompassed by public securit

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Choi, Yearn. "Defense and the Environment: Policy and Management." Journal of the IEST 28, no. 1 (1985): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.28.1.75r7g57537926124.

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This paper describes the problem of balancing national security needs and environmental quality concerns in the United States Department of Defense. The Department of Defense (DoD) is often symbolized to the public as military uniforms, fighters and bombers, aircraft carriers and submarines, tanks and missiles. But it is much more; it is a human organization concerned with the welfare of the citizens and the environment they live in. It would make little sense for DoD to be building the defenses of the nation if in doing so it was threatening the health of the environment. Defense should mean

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28

Szczepański, Damian. "Legal and Political Aspects of the Council of National Defense Functioning in 1920." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 4 (2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.533-555.

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<p>The Council of National Defence, established on 1 July 1920, was to be a temporary governmental body having full legislative and executive power in all matters relating to the conduct and ending of the war, and also with the conclusion of peace with Bolshevik Russia. As regards the above matters, the Council of National Defence was to issue orders and regulations, which were immediately enforceable. Despite acquiring very broad powers, both legislative and executive, none of its regulations went beyond its competence scope. The Council of National Defence regulations had to be approve

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Budiyanti, Fatwa, Afrizal Hendra, and Almuchalif Suryo. "Strategic Utilization of Demographic Dividend to Build Resilient Defense Capabilities in Emerging Economies." Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences 4, no. 1 (2025): 231–44. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v4i1.12921.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the Strategic Utilization of Demographic Dividends to Build Resilient Defense Capabilities in Developing Countries. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The results show that to take advantage of the demographic dividend for defense, developing countries should focus on several key strategies. First, investing in education, particularly in STEM fields, is critical to building a skilled workforce for both the economic and defense sectors (Bloom et al., 2003). Managing the youth bulge by integrating young people into productive roles, inc

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Stone, Christopher. "Innovations in Public Defense as an Investment in Better Sentencing." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (2011): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.21.

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The Neighborhood Defender Service of Harlem (NDS) opened its doors in 1990, hoping to demonstrate the benefits of a community-based, team-based public defender that began representation from the moment of arrest, or even earlier. Although pretrial detention time was not statistically different for NDS clients compared with similar defendants, NDS clients ultimately received significantly shorter sentences, and the savings to the government in terms of jail and prison time were substantial. More than twenty years after its debut, NDS continues to show that high-quality public defense can play a

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Loscalzo, Yura, and Marco Giannini. "Heavy Study Investment: An Analysis of the Defense Mechanisms Characterizing Studyholism and Study Engagement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159413.

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Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes that protect a person from excessive anxiety. They are part of everyday functioning, and mature defenses are associated with positive outcomes. However, the excessive use of defenses or the use of immature defenses is associated with psychopathology. The present study aims to analyze the defense mechanisms that characterize two types of heavy study investment: Studyholism and Study Engagement. We performed a path analysis, MANOVAs, and binary logistic regressions on 422 Italian college students (Mage = 22.56 ± 2.87; 63.5% females). Among the main fi

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Colby, William E. "Public Policy, Secret Action." Ethics & International Affairs 3 (March 1989): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1989.tb00212.x.

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Exploitation of the executive exercise of covert operations has presented a dilemma, but Colby maintains that even in peacetime a “democratic society must have and respect some secrets.” Does democracy, by its inherent nature, preclude the employment of covert action, even under exceptional conditions? Colby argues that the constitutional decision-making process is an ethical and legal one. In wartime, a “just” war is the goal, and the use of covert action must be evaluated by two essential criteria: self-defense and proportionality to the act requiring self-defense.

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Wahyu Gusriandari, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Feny Avisha, et al. "PUBLIC POLICY PARADOXES ADVANCE THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY." Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 2, no. 2 (2022): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i2.3818.

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The onset of the Russian and Ukrainian wars is proof that the existence of physical war is still a real threat to any country at this time. It is common logic that no matter how long our defense and security equipment is still dependent on other countries, we still have limitations in strengthening our country's security defense system. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of policies related to the development of the defense industry to find recommendations in the optimization of the defense industry. The method used is a Literature Study with a descriptive qualitative approach that

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Jaffe, Samantha. ""It's Not You, It's Your Caseload": Using Cronic to Solve Indigent Defense Underfunding." Michigan Law Review, no. 116.8 (2018): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.116.8.its.not.

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In the United States, defendants in both federal and state prosecutions have the constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel. That right is in jeopardy. In the postconviction setting, the standard for ineffective assistance of counsel is prohibitively high, and Congress has restricted federal habeas review. At trial, severe underfunding for state indigent defense systems has led to low pay, little support, and extreme caseloads—which combine to create conditions where lawyers simply cannot represent clients adequately. Overworked public defenders and contract attorneys represent 80

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35

Sarjito, Aris. "Dinamika Hubungan Sipil-Militer dan Opini Publik dalam Pembentukan Keputusan Kebijakan Pertahanan." ANTASENA: Governance and Innovation Journal 2, no. 1 (2024): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.61332/antasena.v2i1.167.

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Abstract. In democratic states, civil-military relations and public opinion significantly influence defense policy decisions. This research explores the mechanisms through which civilian leaders and military officials interact to formulate defense policies, and how public sentiment, shaped by traditional and social media, impacts these decisions. Using qualitative research methods, specifically secondary data analysis of case studies and scholarly literature, this study investigates three key areas: the impact of civil-military relations on defense policy, the role of public opinion and media

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Braddon, Derek. "New Challenges for Defense, Security and the Public Finances." Public Finance and Management 7, no. 3 (2007): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210700700301.

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This paper provides an introductory background to the symposium on defense, security and the public finances. It outlines the recent dramatic transformation of both the global defense industry and the geo-political environment within which it has to operate. Within this, changing political, strategic and military strategies are reviewed and the principal factors driving change in the defense sector are explored. the paper reviews the consequences of the end of the Cold War and explores the impact of recent ethic conflict, the Iraq and Afghanistan developments and the terrorist threat. Addition

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PARK, Seonah. "Defense of the Space for Public Discourse." In/Outside: English Studies in Korea 45 (November 30, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46645/inoutsesk.45.13.

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Egan, Erin A. "Bioterrorism Defense Education: Prioritizing Public Health Education." American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 4 (2005): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160500193859.

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Stosic, Milos. "Public relations process in the defense system." Vojno delo 68, no. 2 (2016): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1602179s.

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Goff, Brian L., and Robert D. Tollison. "Is national defense a pure public good?" Defence Economics 1, no. 2 (1990): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719008404657.

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Bellais, Renaud, and Renelle Guichard. "DEFENSE INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS AND PUBLIC POLICY." Defence and Peace Economics 17, no. 3 (2006): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690600645274.

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Vallier, Kevin. "In Defense of Idealization in Public Reason." Erkenntnis 85, no. 5 (2019): 1109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-018-0067-8.

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Tri Susdarwono, Endro. "KONSEP PERTAHANAN SEBAGAI PUBLIC GOOD ATAU MONOPOLI ALAMIAH MENURUT SISTEM EKONOMI KERAKYATAN." JURNAL CAFETARIA 2, no. 2 (2021): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.51742/akuntansi.v2i2.363.

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The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the debate about the economic concept which states that defense is a public good and which states that defense is not a public good but a natural monopoly based on understanding according to the market economy system and the populist economic system. This research is a qualitative research, the type of research uses a comprehensive analytical study and analytical normative approach. The approach in this study uses a descriptive approach. Is national defense public goods purely (public good)? We can divide this question into three parts. (1

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Lipińska, Justyna. "Polish Public Opinion on the United States Missile Defense Complex in Poland." Safety & Defense 7, no. 3 (2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.137.

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The ongoing cooperation between the United States and Poland on ballistic missile defense has been centered for a long time solely around the construction of the U.S. missile defense complex in Redzikowo, Poland. Although the complex is going to operate as an element of the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defense System, its origins were tied to bilateral security and defense cooperation between the U.S. and Poland. As the presence of the U.S. military forces in Poland will remain crucial for Polish security and defense, and the societal support will be vital for its sustainment, it is worth e

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Francoise, Jeanne, and Ary Sulistyo. "The Design of The Republic of Indonesia Defense Museum Based on Defense Heritage for the National Interest Through Culture." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary 1, no. 4 (2023): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v1i4.163.

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The research is a derivative program of the Defense Heritage Dissertation by Dr. Jeanne Francoise, with a novelty idea, namely the establishment of the Indonesian Defense Museum. The establishment of the Indonesian Defense Museum aims to narrate the history of Indonesia's national defense in a complete, unified, and comprehensive manner with exhibitions of historical artifacts or objects, sequences of events, involvement of actors, and narratives based on the period of the defense heritage of the Indonesian nation, from 1511 to 1949. This study uses qualitative research methods with analysis o

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Stoian, Alexandru. "The Role of Public Authorities During Mobilization." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 2 (2018): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0097.

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Abstract Imposed by states in order to defend its own territory and national values during the time of crisis, mobilization of armed forces in a contemporary global context creates new challenges for the public authorities, designers of the national legal framework and for the military authorities. In this regard, extraordinary measures can be taken in political, economic, social, administrative, diplomatic, legal and military fields, planned and prepared in peacetime. The Romanian National Defense System consists of the forces intended for defense, the resources of the national defense and th

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Matthew, N. O. Sadiku, C. Chukwu Uwakwe, S. Adekunte Sunday, and M. Musa Sarhan. "Food Defense: An Introduction." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 8, no. 2 (2021): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10574896.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>Food defense is the process of protecting food products from intentional contamination or adulteration, which aims to harm consumers, business establishments, or the public health.  It refers to a system in place to prevent, protect, respond to and recover from the intentional introduction of contaminants into our nation’s food supply. Food defense is to everyone’s benefit.  It must be supported by the public sector if the appropriate level of protection is to be provided.  This paper provides an introduction to food defense.

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Yaniuk, Serhii. "Implementation of foreign experience of territorial defense state regulation mechanisms." Public administration and local government, no. 4(43) (December 25, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/101913.

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Experience of foreign countries demonstrates that approaches to the organization of territorial defense are based on theoretical foundations of state regulation. In the US, emphasis is placed on improving the Department of Defense’s contractual regulation of public good contentment with an actual product or service acquired by the government or the procurement process itself, with a prominent role for the private sector, to which the powers of the state (legal, economic, and public territorial defense state regulation mechanisms) are delegated. In the UK, emphasis is placed оn the

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Shen, Jin Chang, Jun Yang, and Wen Jun Zhu. "Public Use Planning of Civil Air Defense Works in Residential District." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1630.

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The civil air defense works are underground protection spaces built in case of war. At present the amount of these works has reached a considerable scale and thorough exploitation and reasonable utilization of these space resources in peacetime is also the key to sustainable development of civil defense. Aiming at the public use planning of Beijings civil air defense works in residential district, the public service suitable for locating in these works and the demand of public service are analyzed. And a suitability evaluation index system for this purpose is established by adopting the method

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50

Smith, Ron. "Valuing Defense." Public Finance and Management 7, no. 3 (2007): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210700700303.

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This paper examines three questions in the valuation of defense in the UK. First, how to calculate the value of defense to society in order to determine the appropriate budge? Second, how to ensure value of money in defense procurement? Third, how to value defense assets as required under the new Resource Accounting and Budgeting system for controlling public finance? A central theme of this paper is that while budgets and forces can be measured and military capabilities can be estimated, the final security outputs are inherently intangible. It is this intangibility that makes the valuation of

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