Academic literature on the topic 'Public expenditure management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Jaelani, Aan. "PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA:." HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v15i2.527.189-224.
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This paper discusses the management of public expenditures in Indonesia in State Budget 2017. The data collected from fiscal policy documents, especially about government spending plans in 2017, and then be reviewed by policy analysis, the theory of public expenditures, and the theory of public goods, and compared with the theory of public expenditure in Islamic economics. Public expenditure management in Indonesia has implemented a distribution system that divided public expenditure for central government expenditures, transfers to the regions, and the village fund. In terms of fiscal policy, public expenditure priorities to support the achievement of sustainable economic growth, job creation, poverty reduction, and the reduction of gaps in the welfare of the whole community. In Islamic economics, public expenditure is used to meet the needs of the community based on the principles of general interest derived from the sharia. Public expenditure on Indonesia’s government as an effective tool to divert economic resources and increase the income of society as a whole, and focused on the embodiment of the people’s welfare.
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Zhou, Gideon. "Three Decades of Public Expenditure Management in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 3 (July 28, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i3.2098.
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Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap. This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting Officers, Public Accounts Committees of Parliament, Auditor Generals and internal auditors-constitute key players in the public expenditure management process. Notwithstanding this, overall expenditure over the decades remained sticky downwards due to inflationary pressures, unbudgeted expenditures and weak expenditure management systems. Robust mesaures should be put in place to institutionalise a culture of compliance with extant expenditure management frameworks at both the macro and micro levels of government.
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Wilkinson, Margaret. "Tax Expenditure and Public Expenditure in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 15, no. 1 (January 1986): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400023096.
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ABSTRACT‘Tax expenditures’ are public revenue losses which result from special allowances and reliefs given to various categories of taxpayer for reasons of economic and social policy. In 1983/4 tax expenditures in the personal income tax system cost nearly £11 billion which was equal to 35 per cent of revenue from personal income tax or 9 per cent of total public expenditure. This paper assesses their significance in the context of public expenditure and tax policy. It identifies those allowances and reliefs in the personal income tax system which may be regarded as tax expenditures, evaluates them and compares their cost with direct expenditures in similar areas. Many tax expenditures are inequitable and inefficient; and they are difficult for governments to control. If they were reduced some public expenditures could be protected from cuts, or the general burden of income tax could be reduced.
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Bista, Raghu Bir, and Kiran Prasad Sankhi. "Assessing Multiplier Effects of Public Expenditures on Economic Growth in Nepal: SVAR Model Analysis." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems755.
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This paper assesses the multiplier effects of public expenditures on economic growth in Nepal, covering time series data sets of public expenditures and economic growth from 1974-75 to 2018-19 by using the SVAR model. As a result of the SVAR model, the multiplier effect of public expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and capital expenditure is positive for economic growth. In a result, the multiplier effect of recurrent expenditure is found to be more promising than capital expenditure for economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it is lower. Similarly, the multiplier coefficient value of capital expenditure is lower in the short run. This is probably due to leakages in the economy, corruption and improper management of development funds, seasonal expenditure trends, and poor management of development projects. Therefore, the government should improve the efficiency of public expenditure and the ratio of capital expenditure and private investment to improve the higher multiplier variable in the long run.
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MALYNIAK, Bohdan. "THE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS OF A COUNTRY." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(67) (2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2021.02.035.
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Introduction. The functions of public expenditures reveal their intended purpose in the regulation of various processes and explain their role in the attainment of specific goals. Scientific literature provides extensive insights into definitions of budget functions in market democracies, but the functional purpose of public expenditures is covered only fragmentarily. The purpose of the article is to present a scientific substantiation for the system of public expenditure functions in the market democracies. Results. Based on the analysis of public expenditure functions, we believe that it would be feasible to substantiate the functions separately for each of the two main spheres directly affected by public expenditures, namely public management and the economic and social system of the country. In the public management sphere, public expenditures perform the functions of control and planning (programming). The essence of the planning function consists in using public expenditures to create conditions and provide necessary incentives for rational performance-based planning of the activities carried out by public authorities, as well as for attainment of target performance indicators by applying the results-oriented budgeting method. The function of control is preconditioned by the specifics of public management system functioning in a democratic society, which consists in assuring that the society has control over activities of public authorities. The influence of public expenditures on the national economy and its social system occurs through functions of allocation, redistribution and stimulation. The function of allocation consists in providing the population with goods and services that cannot be supplied by the market economy in sufficient volumes. The essence of the redistribution function consists in using public expenditures with the aim of decreasing income inequality among members of the society, regional development of territories or solving other tasks. The public expenditure function of stimulation aims to stimulate certain directions of economic activity by means of changing the volumes, components or structure of public expenditures through different mechanisms of their realization. Conclusions. In result of performing a theoretical study of the functional purpose of the budget in a market economy and a critical analysis of scientific postulates allow us to substantiate the feasibility of identifying the following functions of public expenditures: planning (programming), control, allocation, redistribution, and stimula tion.
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Scott, George Kojo. "Effects of Public Expenditure Management Practices on Service Delivery in the Public Sector: The Case of District Assemblies in Ghana." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14617.
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This research analysed how the public expenditure management as practiced in the District Assemblies of Ghana affect service delivery. The research adopted a mixed-method research approach where qualitative and quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Multistage sampling was used to pick the respondents for the questionnaires, key interview informants and the participants in the focus group discussions. Thirty four out of 170 district assemblies which existed by 2008 were sampled. Participants in the study included 612 District Assembly (DA) officials, 1020 citizens, 28 national/regional officials and 20 participants in focus group discussions. Quantitative data, measured by using scaled-items, were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression while qualitative data were examined thematically. The study established that expenditure management practices had positive significant influence on service delivery. The study recommends that, the DAs should prioritize expenditures to key service delivery areas such as; those that enhance poverty reduction, improve on Human Capital index and strengthen Innovations practices. DAs should strengthen electronic, automation and appropriate technologies for better expenditure management and service delivery. There should be laws to ensure stiffer penalties and enforcement of sanctions on those involved in malpractices in public expenditure management practices, while persistent efforts are made to implement recommendations of Auditor General’s reports on DAs expenditures management practices.
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Success Ikechi, Kanu, Obi Henry Kenedunium, and Akuwudike Hilary Chinedum. "Impact of Public Sector Financial Management on the Economic Growth of Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 4 (2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.74.1006.
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The main thrust of this study is to investigate the seeming mismatch between resource generation, resource allocation and expenditure management in Nigeria. While an ex-post facto research design was adopted in the investigation; descriptive statistics as well as a least square regression analysis were carried out on a time-series data to ascertain relationships. Real Gross Domestic Product taken as a proxy for economic growth is the dependent variable while capital and recurrent expenditures are the independent variables. Outcome of the study indicates that, the nation’s financing option is skewed towards payment of salaries and personnel emoluments (Recurrent Expenditures) as against the provision of basic infrastructures (Capital Expenditures) that are growth oriented. The trend of disbursements is not appropriately harnessed to create a favorable and positive impact on economic growth. In the short run, the disaggregated components of capital expenditure (CAPEX) indicate that expenses incurred in administration sector and external debt service transfers attracted more than their fare share of public expenditure to the detriment of economic and social community welfare services. The disaggregated component of recurrent expenditures (RECEX) indicate that expense on economic service sector and the lagged value of RGDP taken as an explanatory variable were found to have a positive significant relationship with economic growth in the long run. It is therefore recommended that conscious efforts be made by government to scrutinize and monitor budget implementations. Macroeconomic projections should guide the overall level of expenditures. This should be more realistic, internally consistent and based on more accurate and timely information. Government must embark on a careful estimation and determination of priorities and to emphasize the need for control over revenue and expenditure so as to enhance critical areas of economic growth in Nigeria.
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Rizal, Rahma, and Afriana Lomagio. "Apparatus and Public Budget Management: Evidence from Regional Government in North Gorontalo." Point of View Research Accounting and Auditing 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47090/povraa.v1i3.45.
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This study aims to analyze and assess the process of managing government apparatus and public spending on regional governments in North Gorontalo. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of Budget Realization Reports. This study analyzes the optimization of apparatus and public expenditure in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the North Gorontalo District Transmigration and Manpower Office. The results showed that overall the level of optimization of the achievements of the Apparatus and Public Expenditures of the North Gorontalo District Transmigration and Manpower Office in 2017, 2018 and 2019 included in the criteria was very optimal. On average, the apparatus expenditure proceeds to be greater than public spending. The results of this calculation indicate that the portion of apparatus expenditure is still considered too high when compared to public spending
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Emmanuel, Umoh Alphonsus, Anochie Uzoma C, and Biradawa Kayadi. "Public Expenditure and Economic Development in Nigeria." Middle East Research Journal of Economics and Management 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjem.2021.v01i01.003.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of public expenditure on economic development in Nigeria. The design adopted for this study was ex-post-facto; data used for analysis were elicited from Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and Federal Ministry of Finance. To achieve this broad objective, a model was formulated based on empirical and theoretical reviews. The model used Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable while public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure and external borrowing were the independent variables in the model. This study employed the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) Model to analyze data. The findings elicited from this study revealed that public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure and external borrowing all had positive and significant impact on human development index within the scope of this study. Inferential result deduced that public expenditure had positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria. The study recommended that urgent need to instill fiscal discipline in government expenditures by initiating far reaching effective internal control measures and more proactive economic management coordination and implementation as well as discouraging all non-productive activities and expenditures in all tiers of government forthwith. Government recurrent expenditure should be channeled to have effects on the economy, enhancing and promoting growth and development in the process. All non- productive activities and expenditure need to be reviewed forthwith while the role of government should be reappraised with more emphasis on providing the enabling policy environment for private sector initiatives.
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Dzomira, Shewangu. "Financial accountability & governance in an emerging country." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3c1art6.
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In the public sector the agents have the responsibility of being accountable to the exploitation of the resources towards service delivery. The public sector expenditure has been characterised with wasteful and fruitless, irregular and unauthorised expenditures. Therefore governance embraces the engagements set to certify that the anticipated upshots for stakeholders (citizens) are limpid and realized. This study is grounded on agency theory as it seeks out to analyse public expenditure and governance in South Africa’s public sector. The research study followed a qualitative research approach based on an interpretative philosophy which examined meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data from 24 General Reports on The Provincial Audit Outcomes for the three periods (2012-2013; 2013-2014 and 2014-2015). The research results propose that public sector financial governance in South Africa is pitiable as the public agencies perpetrate an act of financial misdemeanour as they continue to errantly make irregular expenditures, unauthorised expenditures and, fruitless and wasteful expenditures. Public finance management reform is a necessity as it can aid governments move to single accounting systems across the public sector, permitting centralised planning and budgeting, as well as the capacity to observe the expenditure of funds centrally. It is recommended that governments should implement integrated financial management systems which allows for integrated budgeting, financial management, procurement and supply chain management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Aris, Sulaiman Bin. "Risk management in public expenditure management and service delivery in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1119/.
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The study seeks to clarify why donors such as the World Bank still insist on the use of their financial management system rather than the recipient country’s financial management system, despite the intention under the Paris Declaration 2005 to use the respective government’s systems. The study then explores the reasons why the financial management system used by the World Bank is more effective in managing risks related to public financial management and aid as compared to the Government of Malaysia approach. The study compares financial management by the World Bank and Ministry of Education, Government of Malaysia, in their parallel implementation of Educational Sector Support Projects (ESSP) under the Eighth Malaysian Plan, 2001-2005. The quality of financial management of projects in two systems is compared using established criteria of good financial management practice. Findings are based on evidence from interviews, documentation and direct observations. The study demonstrates the significant roles in reducing risks played in the World Bank approach by the Project Management Reports (PMR), the high quality of Project Implementation Unit (PIU) staff and the better procurement procedures. The implication is that more effective risk management and financial management reporting were needed by the Ministry of Education in implementing the ESSP under the Eighth Malaysian Plan 2001 - 2005.
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Norgbey, Wisdom Selorm. "Management of capital expenditure for infrastructure programmes in the North-West Province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021075.
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The need for programme management to align, coordinate and manage a portfolio of construction projects to deliver benefits that would not be achievable if the projects were managed independently in a turbulent economic environment, limitations of project management, and increasing stakeholder expectations cannot be over emphasised. In the construction industry, the implementation of programme management has been bedevilled with major challenges of which the North West Department of Public Works (DPW) CAPEX programme is no exception. The CAPEX programme has been noted for delivering fewer infrastructure projects as planned in terms of budget, time, and other expectations. The research documented in this treatise thus examined the existing programme management approach of the North West DPW CAPEX programme with respect to generally accepted standards and practices. A mixed research approach was used to identify problems such as delays in payment of works, poor reporting standards, improper planning of works, procurement difficulties, and inadequate management structures. The results point to excessive bureaucratic processes, improper information management systems and lack of commitment and ownership towards government works as the major underlying causes of the programme predicaments. Dogmatic implementation of government’s black economic empowerment policies and inadequate in-house capacity were also contributing factors. The research findings imply that effective processes should be laid for prompt payment of works certificates and invoices. Improved reporting standards and proper planning of the programme as a whole and its constituent projects is necessary for the attainment of stipulated goals. In particular, it is crucial to ensure that adequate management considerations in terms of capacity, infrastructure, structures and expertise are put in place while the procurement processes should be continually reviewed for programme success purposes.
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Dlomo, Phelelani Automan. "The impact of irregular expenditure in the South African public finance with specific reference to the National Department of Public Works." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2453.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.In 1999 the South African Parliament passed the Public Finance Management Act No.1 of 1999 (PFMA). The intention was to ensure effective and better public finance management practice. The Act requires that government departments should establish measures to prevent irregular expenditure. However, there has been persistent irregular expenditure reports every year, which is an indication of non – compliance. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of irregular expenditure in the South African public finance management domain, using the national Department of Public Works as a case study.
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Acheampong, Michael Ekow. "Public finance management reform and expenditure control in Ghana: the role of the ministry of finance in implementing the MTEF." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32178.
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Public expenditure control is vital in countries because it is a key instrument for ensuring effective government strategic planning and policy priorities. In many countries, public expenditure control has been inadequately implemented because of weak accounting systems, a weak cash management system and a weak flow of information, among others, despite public finance management reforms implemented in developing countries. Public expenditure management has been a concern in Ghana's public service because of weak budget formulation, weak monitoring and evaluation, and an ineffective flow of information between the ministry of finance (MOF) and the key public institutions. The Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) has been introduced in Ghana's public service but it has been faced with challenges after the initial stage of implementation of the reforms. This study sought to examine why public finance management reforms appears to have failed to control public expenditure in Ghana, by investigating the ministry of finance's (MOF) role in implementing the MTEF. The study employs a qualitative method using interviews with officials from the MOF to examine the role of the MOF in implementing the MTEF. The key themes that the researcher sought to test through the research as potential factors behind poor expenditure control included the coordination amongst other government institutions, weak planning and forecasting, monitoring and evaluation capacity, information management systems and cash management systems, the political environment and the commitment control. The findings revealed that, despite the importance of political environment and the commitment control, planning and forecasting, the monitoring and evaluation capacity, information management system and the cash management and the coordination management government institutions in implementing the MTEF by the MOF, the new public management framework is not well implemented as it should be. The findings also revealed that in implementing the MTEF by the MOF, coordination among other government institutions such as the MOF and the NDPC has been improved and overcoming the shortcoming of implementing the public finance management reform in Ghana.
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Guevara, Maldonado Jose Alberto. "Closing the Road Infrastructure Gap: Analysis of Expenditure Dynamics and Public-Private Partnership Shaping Challenges." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78258.
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The global infrastructure gap has continually widened over the last few decades. Industry reports and academic publications suggest that, in terms of road infrastructure, both advanced and developing economies have not paid sufficient attention to modernize their infrastructure assets. A wider road infrastructure gap signifies that highway conditions have declined because governments have not had enough resources for maintenance and rehabilitation. In the same way, it also indicates that congestion levels have grown and the level of service in most road networks has dropped because public agencies have not had sufficient funds to generate new highways and expand existing corridors. This dissertation, therefore, provided insights into the difficulties associated with improving the existing highway assets and the barriers related to expanding the current roadway capacity through public-private partnerships (PPPs). The research involved three interdependent studies. In the first study, I examined the continuous deterioration of the US highway system through a system dynamics model, which focused on the dynamics of capital investments and maintenance expenditures in the US road infrastructure. The results confirmed that the American highway system is currently stuck in a capability trap. This makes it difficult for the system to improve at the rates required by the country's economic growth. In my second investigation, my attention shifted toward the governance challenges related to building new roads and expanding highway capacity through PPPs. I developed a systems map of governance variables informed by past-published evidence from actual projects. By specifically examining the shaping phase of public-private initiatives, the work uncovered the effects of feedback relationships and interdependencies on PPP feasibility. This offered insights about the relationship between governance mechanisms and successful PPP development. In the third study, I utilized variables and relationships identified in my second investigation to develop a management flight simulator in order to better explain governance difficulties in the procurement phase of PPP projects. The simulator was implemented during an educational exercise with graduate students of civil engineering. By doing so, I confirmed that the simulator has the potential to increase our understanding of PPP procurement processes. Results indicated that the simulation tool was a suitable instrument to explain how government capacity, project uncertainty, and technical complexity influence PPP tendering. Overall, my findings across the three studies illustrate different means to understand why closing the global road infrastructure gap is challenging. Together, the three inquiries indicate that examining the road infrastructure sector as a socio-technical system contributes to improve our understanding of the expenditure dynamics related to existing assets and to enhance our comprehension of the governance challenges associated with developing new roads.Ph. D.
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JÃnior, Raimundo Avilton Meneses. "Analysis of new management model of cost of services public state government cearà - MAPP management." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9895.
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nÃo hÃThe efficient application of resources is an increasingly discussed theme, especially in Public Administration, as the high and inefficient public spending is considered by many experts as one of the main reasons for imbalances in the economy of the country, such as low growth economic, corruption, overvalued exchange rate against other world economies and interest rates still high. Many experiments are adopted by several public entities in the quest for quality improvement in spending for public services. This work, in addition to presenting some examples of initiatives in implantation of cost systems geared towards efficiency in public spending, presents and analyzes the experience of the State of Cearà in establishing a cost management model that has as main purposes to measure the impact of the operation of equipment in public defrayal and assess the Government's ability to make new investments. This analysis uses the methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis, which compares data from six state hospitals for the periods from January to July of the years 2011 and 2012, and an exploratory quantitative approach with the servers involved in the MAPP GestÃo. In this respect, the results indicate that MAPP GestÃo has contributed to the public expenditure efficiency, requiring, however, adjustment and refinement needed to expand the model. Despite the results, it is recommended to carry out further studies to analyze other aspects not considered in this work, as well as an evaluation of the model as from its consolidation as a government instrument for reducing costs and improving the quality of public services. Finally, it is argued that the results obtained in this study may be used by the Government of the State of CearÃ, because they serve as the analysis of MAPP GestÃo and can assist in decision making to improve the model adopted, and by the academy, since it refers to an issue of paramount importance for the Public Sector Economics.
A eficiÃncia na aplicaÃÃo de recursos à um tema cada vez mais discutido. Especialmente, na AdministraÃÃo PÃblica, visto que o gasto pÃblico elevado e ineficiente à considerado por muitos especialistas como um dos principais motivos de desequilÃbrios na economia do paÃs, por exemplo, o baixo crescimento econÃmico, a corrupÃÃo, o cÃmbio valorizado frente a outras economias mundiais e a taxa de juros ainda alta. Muitas sÃo as experiÃncias adotadas por diversos entes pÃblicos na busca pela melhoria da qualidade no gasto para a oferta de serviÃos pÃblicos. O presente trabalho apresenta alguns exemplos de iniciativas na implantaÃÃo de sistemas de custos voltados para a eficiÃncia no gasto pÃblico. AlÃm disso, pretende-se analisar a experiÃncia do Governo do Estado do Cearà na implantaÃÃo de um modelo de gestÃo de custos que possui como principais finalidades medir o impacto do funcionamento dos equipamentos pÃblicos no custeio para avaliar sua capacidade na realizaÃÃo de novos investimentos. Para esta anÃlise, utiliza-se a metodologia da AnÃlise EnvoltÃria de Dados, que compara os dados de seis hospitais estaduais, nos perÃodos de janeiro a julho dos anos de 2011 e 2012; e uma pesquisa exploratÃria de abordagem quantitativa com os servidores envolvidos com o MAPP GestÃo. Neste aspecto, os resultados indicam que o MAPP GestÃo tem contribuÃdo para a eficiÃncia no gasto pÃblico, necessitando, contudo, de ajustes e aperfeiÃoamento indispensÃveis à expansÃo do modelo. Apesar dos resultados apresentados, recomenda-se a realizaÃÃo de outros estudos para analisar outros aspectos nÃo considerados neste trabalho, bem como uma avaliaÃÃo do modelo a partir de sua consolidaÃÃo como instrumento governamental para reduÃÃo de custos e melhoria da qualidade de serviÃos pÃblicos. Por fim, afirma-se que os resultados obtidos neste trabalho poderÃo ser utilizados pelo Governo do Estado do CearÃ, pois servem como anÃlise do MAPP GestÃo e poderà auxiliar na tomada de decisÃo para melhorar o modelo adotado, e pela academia, visto se referir a um tema de suma relevÃncia para a Economia do Setor PÃblico.
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Rabotapi, Mosigi Josiah. "Budgetary control as a mechanism for promoting good governance and public expenditure management in the Ngwathe Local Municipality / Mosigi Josiah Rabotapi." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10606.
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The affairs of public financial management in the local government operates within two legal frameworks, one adopted by national government and one adopted by legislatures at local level (Mikesell, 2007:36). A legislative framework for public financial management includes a vast number of legislation and public policies that have a direction bearing on the way in which financial management is dealt with in the different spheres of government. The financial affairs in the local government are guided by various legislative frameworks which regulate financial management in the three spheres of government. The Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) Act 56 of 2003 in addition provides guidelines for securing sound and sustainable financial management. The need to achieve sound public financial management and assurance of acceptable and transparent levels of financial risk has become paramount. To realize the developmental mandate, the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and budgeting are seen as the most significant tool towards effective public financial management. Government activities require funds to undertake the planned activities and such funds require special care to safeguard the public funds. This study aimed to assess the budgetary control practices in the Ngwathe Local Municipality. The objectives were realized by means of literature review, questionnaires and participant observations. The results of the interviews with the participants (community) revealed that the public is somehow not interested in local government affairs. It was indicated that they are mostly concerned about the social affairs and the job opportunities. The interviews with the municipality revealed that the budgetary control mechanisms are effective. Budget management is a requirement that covers budget preparation, budget implementation, and budget control. The Municipality established the budget office which serves as a mediator between the municipal council and the departmental managers. A good budget is characterized by participation, comprehensiveness, standards, flexibility, feedback and analyses of cost and revenues. However, the municipality should enhance the culture of community participation in local governance.MA (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Okwori, Glory, Elaine Loudermilk, Steven Stewart, Delaney Lawson, and Megan Quinn. "Health Care Burden and Expenditure Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences in Tennessee and Virginia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/72.
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Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been considered a significant risk factor for poorer adult outcomes. Considering the studies linking ACEs to chronic diseases in adulthood as well as the increasing prevalence for these chronic conditions, exposure to childhood traumas represents a significant economic burden in the United States which has not been explored. This study provides the first examination of the attributable burden and costs of conditions associated with exposure to ACEs in Tennessee (TN) and Virginia (VA) during 2017.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 18+ having exposure to ACEs using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for TN and VA in 2017. Eight chronic diseases (asthma, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), depression, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis ) and two risk factors (smoking and drinking ) associated with ACEs were analyzed. Pearson's chi-square tests analyzed the association between individuals exposed to ACEs and the risk factors with the chronic diseases. The population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated for the ACEs related diseases and risk factors. These estimates were combined with published estimates of health care expenses and Disability Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs).
Results: Among those who had experienced at least 1 ACE in TN, 10% had COPD, 17% had diabetes, 36% had obesity, and 30% had depression. Individuals who had experienced at least 1 ACE in VA had higher percentages for COPD, obesity and depression diseases compared to those who had no ACE (p< .0001). ACEs exposure resulted in a burden of about 115,00 years and 125,000 years in terms of DALYs in TN and VA respectively. The total health spending associated with ACEs based on PARs was about $650 million ($158.15 per adult) and $942 million ($305.02 per adult) in TN and VA respectively. Depression accounted for the largest combined sum of health care spending (TN - $448,105,983, VA – $633,225,398). With DALYs valued at $235,855 in 2017 dollars, the monetized cost of DALYs attributable to ACEs was over $27 billion, $6615 per exposed adult Tennessean. The monetized loss due to DALYs represents over $30 billion (in 2017 dollars) , $9,737 per exposed adult in Virginia.
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to reduce ACEs which can be utilized to inform interventions to reduce the impact of ACEs in Tennessee and Virginia. Medical conditions attributable to childhood traumas can result in increased utilization of hospital services, psychiatric care, as well as care related to chronic conditions, which includes increased primary and specialty care utilization as well as the cost of medications. While medical expenses represent a significant burden, reduced quality of life resulting from ACE attributable conditions also represents a burden in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and premature morbidity. As resources are limited and the burden of ACEs shown here is very high, there is the need for a wide range of prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate these effects.
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Shabalala, Gloria Nokuthula. "The management of public expenditure by the Eastern Cape Department of Education and Health (2007/8 to 2011/12) and compliance with the PFMA." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29054.
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Good financial and expenditure management remains a central issue of every governmental agenda as it relates to how available government resources are utilised. Financial management has undergone many reforms as the public administration discipline changed its approach. The classical approach to public administration gave rise to bureaucracies who in turn were bloated and largely inefficient. The new approach to public administration, NPM sought to promote good financial management through adoption of private sector practices by the public sector. The NPM approach gained momentum in the 1980s and 1990s. Both developed and developing countries adopted the approach as a solution to existing inefficiencies and to reduce the size of government. SA also adopted the approach in 1995 resulting in the promulgation of the PFMA in 1999. The NPM approach devolved decision making by making management accountable for financial mismanagement and expenditure of resources under their control. As a developing country, SA faces limited resources which have to be allocated to escalating and increasing needs. The Medium Term Expenditure Framework highlights the twelve key priorities of government. Health and Education are top of the lists. These two priorities are allocated the lion's share of the budget each and every year. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse how this allocated budget is utilised by the two Departments. The research analysed expenditure management for the Department of Health and Education of Eastern Cape between 2007/8 to 2011/12 and compliance with the PFMA that regulates financial and expenditure management by national and provincial departments. This was done through analysis of unauthorised expenditure; irregular expenditure and fruitless and wasteful expenditure and its implications for service delivery. Challenges that prohibit the two departments from improving financial management and expenditure management are also analysed.
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Kmita, Martynas. "Valstybės skola ir jos poveikis socialinėms išlaidoms." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110615_140817-06512.
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Tyrimo objektas – valstybės skola.
Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinus Lietuvos valstybės skolą, ištirti jos poveikį socialinėms išlaidoms.
Uždaviniai:
1. Pateikti valstybės skolos sampratą bei valstybės skolinimosi poreikį sąlygojančius veiksnius.
2. Apibrėžti valstybės skolos naštą ir skolinimosi reikšmę ekonomikai.
3. Pateikti valstybės skolos vertinimo kriterijus.
4. Įvertinti Lietuvos valstybės skolą tarp ES valstybių pagal išskirtus vertinimo kriterijus.
5. Nustatyti Lietuvos valstybės skolos poveikį socialinėms išlaidoms bei palyginti jį su kitomis ES šalimis.
Tyrimo metodika. Valstybės skolos sampratai bei valstybės skolinimosi poreikio nustatymui naudoti bendramoksliniai tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros bei teisinių dokumentų analizė ir sintezė. Atliekant Lietuvos valstybės skolos analizę – statistinių duomenų rinkimo bei analizės metodai, palyginimo, grafinio vaizdavimo būdai, loginė analizė ir sintezė. Pritaikius regresinę analizę nustatytas Lietuvos valstybės skolos poveikis socialinėms išlaidoms. Lyginamosios analizės dėka šis poveikis įvertintas Europos Sąjungos šalių kontekste.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pateikta valstybės skolos samprata, valstybės skolinimosi poreikį sąlygojantys veiksniai, skolinimosi reikšmė ekonomikai, išanalizuoti ir susisteminti skolos naštos modeliai. Antrojoje darbo dalyje, išanalizavus įvairių mokslininkų darbus, pateikti valstybės skolos vertinimo kriterijai, nustatyta valstybės skolos sudėties svarba, pateiktas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Object of the research – public debt. Aim of the research – to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt, to assess its influence on social expenditure. Objectives of the research: 1. to present the concept of public debt and to discuss the factors, which influence government borrowing needs; 2. to define the debt burden and to determine the effect of public debt on economy; 3. to provide the public debt evaluation criteria; 4. to evaluate the Lithuanian public debt in respect to the situation in the EU countries according to the identified criteria; 5. to determine the impact of the Lithuanian public debt on social expenditure and to compare it with that in other EU countries. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, statistical data collection and analysis methods, comparative analysis, graphical representation techniques, logical analysis, regression analysis. Research results. Part One introduces the concept of public debt, analyzes the factors influencing government borrowing needs, importance of borrowing to economy and structured models of debt burden. Part Two, having analyzed various scientific articles, provides criteria of the public debt evaluation, reasons importance of the public debt composition and presents the assessment model of the impact of public debt on social expenditure. Part Three gives structural and dynamic analysis of the Lithuanian public debt, evaluates the amount of public debt, according to the... [to full text]
Books on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Great Britain. Cabinet Office. Training Development Division. and Great Britain Treasury, eds. Public expenditure management. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.
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Premchand, A. Public expenditure management. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1993.
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Public expenditure management manual. Dhaka: Finance Division, Ministry of Finance, 2005.
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1954-, Gray Cheryl Williamson, World Bank, and World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management., eds. Public expenditure management handbook. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1998.
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Muggeridge, Elizabeth. Public expenditure and financial management handbook. Harare: MEFMI, 2008.
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Board, Canada Treasury. Managing government expenditures: The record, management iniatives, the expenditure control plan. [Ottawa]: Treasury Board, 1990.
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Oulton, A. J. Strategies in action: Public library management and public expenditure constraints. London: Library Association, 1991.
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Kimchoeun, Pak. Accountability and public expenditure management in decentralised Cambodia. Phnom Penh: CDRI, 2008.
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Kimchoeun, Pak. Accountability and public expenditure management in decentralised Cambodia. Phnom Penh: CDRI, 2008.
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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Issues and new directions in public expenditure management. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Terry, Nicholas G. "Private Money in Public Expenditure." In The Evolution of Public Management, 49–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11473-3_3.
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Brumby, James, and Richard Hemming. "Medium-Term Expenditure Frameworks." In The International Handbook of Public Financial Management, 219–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315304_11.
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Forster, John. "Rational Managerial Behaviour, Risk and Expenditure Surge in the Public Sector." In Budgetary Management and Control, 103–13. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15141-7_9.
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Shaoul, Jean. "Using the Private Sector to Finance Capital Expenditure: The Financial Realities." In Policy, Finance & Management for Public-Private Partnerships, 27–46. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301427.ch2.
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Sharma, Neelam, Amit Srivastava, and Sakshi Khanna. "Exploring the Mediation Effects of Economic Growth Between Public Expenditure and Human Development for India." In Flexible Systems Management, 183–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1697-7_13.
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Felício, J. Augusto, and Ricardo Rodrigues. "NPO Governance Case." In Management for Professionals, 15–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48606-8_4.
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AbstractSocial organizations play a very important role in ensuring social cohesion and well-being, but constraints on public expenditure mean fiercer competition for financial resources and greater difficulties in accessing these resources.This case study is focused on CAJIL, a nonprofit social organization that, in this demanding context, is implementing a large-scale investment project. For this reason, CAJIL needs to reinforce the governance structure to assure investors and the implicated public institutions that CAJIL is capable of completing the project and responding to the management challenges associated with the increase in activity and complexity linked to this investment.
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Tang, Qiong. "Research on the Impact of Rural Public Expenditure on Rural Residents Consumption in China." In Applications of Decision Science in Management, 195–206. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2768-3_18.
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Marsh, Anne S., Deborah C. Hayes, Patrice N. Klein, Nicole Zimmerman, Alison Dalsimer, Douglas A. Burkett, Cynthia D. Huebner, et al. "Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 203–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_9.
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AbstractInvasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide insight into the range and severity of impacts. Examples provide context for ongoing Federal programs and initiatives and support State and private efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and eradicate and control established invasive species.
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Hilton, Claire. "Infrastructure: Rules, Walls, Obstacles and Opportunities." In Civilian Lunatic Asylums During the First World War, 31–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54871-1_2.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the organisational underpinning of the asylums during the war. The Board of Control oversaw the asylums but could neither enforce best practice nor prevent low standards. Local tiers of management ran the asylums day-to-day. Government, professionals and public influenced asylum management, but patients’ voices were barely audible or credible. The system prioritised obeying rules and stifled innovation. Twenty-four asylums (23,000 beds), one quarter of the total, were vacated for military purposes. Widespread negativity about mental disorders and their treatment discouraged expenditure on anything other than the cheapest custodial regimes. People who attempted to make improvements faced many hurdles.
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Cedro, Marco, Eleonor Kristoffersson, Teresa Pontón Aricha, and Lidija Živković. "Gender Equitable Taxation." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 375–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_11.
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AbstractFrom Adam Smith’s 1776 classic “The Wealth of Nations” until modern times, the principle of fairness has remained one of the crucial principles on which tax systems are to be based. However, even modern tax and budgetary systems are far from being gender equitable. This chapter provides an analysis of the ways in which taxation, as well as the subsequent spending of resources collected therewith, influence gender equality within a household, at the workplace and within the broader economy. This analysis should enable the reader to utilise the gender equality principle as a framework for re-evaluating the applicable national and international sources of tax law, as well as public expenditure management on various levels of the government. This chapter will show why gender equality should become a priority for governments when creating their fiscal policy and executing their budgets.
Conference papers on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Yong-liang, Zhao, and Gao Ying-xin. "A study of public expenditure deviation in China." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2011.6070113.
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XU, Guang-Yi, and Xiao-Dan Qiu. "Triple Public Financial Appropriation - A Legal Corruption Hotbed in Chinese Public Expenditure." In 2013 International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/asshm-13.2013.18.
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Szarowská, Irena. "Impact of public R&D expenditure on economic growth in selected EU countries." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.16.
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The aim of the paper is to investigate influence of research and development (R&D) expenditure on economic growth in 20 selected EU member states in the period 1995-2013, time span is also divided into a pre-crisis and a post-crisis period. Basic source of data is Eurostat database.The research is based on a dynamic panel regression model (GMM) and estimations are based on Arellan-Bond estimator (1991). Results confirm positive and statistically significant impact of government R&D expenditure, which is the main driver for economic growth during the analysed period. Importance and positive impact of higher education R&D expenditure increases in the post-crisis period. Contrary, business expenditure is found to be insignificant. Traditional growth variables (a higher share of qualified human resources and a higher intensity of investment) report positive effect, although investment only partly.
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Secrieru, Angela. "Assessing public spending in terms of respect for economic, social and cultural rights." In International Scientific Conference "30 years of economic reforms in the Republic of Moldova: economic progress via innovation and competitiveness": dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the establishment of the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155618.02.
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Economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) are materialised through public goods and services, which are produced and provided, respectively, through public expenditures. The public expenditures with an impact on respecting ESCR are evaluated through the prism of basic objectives of public financial management, namely the following: maintaining strict financial discipline, allocating public financial resources in conformity with government’s priorities, efficient provision of public services. From the theoretical-scientific perspective, the research has been done in the context of a complex and systematic approach to modern economic and social concepts. The complexity of social, economic and financial phenomena, which have been studied, necessitated the use of statistical methods, in particular the correlation and simple regression analysis. At the same time, the comparative analysis was used for the same purpose. The central public administration and local public administrations from the Republic of Moldova are relatively more successful in consolidating fiscal discipline than in providing the efficient use of public expenditure in conformity with strategic priorities. The research argues a positive effect which can be made by improvement of public expenditure management on respecting ESCR in the Republic of Moldova.
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Zhang, Quan, and De Xiang Wang. "Research on the relationship between urbanization and urban public expenditure." In 2013 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme133893.
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Xu, Boya. "Performance Management Model of Public Expenditure Based on PDCA Cycle Theory." In 2020 International Conference on E-Commerce and Internet Technology (ECIT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecit50008.2020.00056.
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SIMUȚ, Ramona, and Ciprian SIMUȚ. "ECONOMIC GROWTH AND R&D EXPENDITURE IN ROMANIA. AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/02.02.
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Research and Development (R&D) seems to be an important element in economic growth, provided it is coupled with several other factors. The benefits of R&D are quantifiable in the long run, as well as in the short run. R&D brings benefits not only at a local level, but also at a regional level, and if done right, it influences nearby countries or states. Private and public funding for R&D are different and bring in different results. As for the source of funding, it seems that government funding is less efficient, compared to private funding. Either way, R&D is beneficial for governments because they can exploit the research output. Higher education produces more R&D, if properly funded, and business enterprises can either exploit or grow around R&D and its output. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the economic growth and the R&D Expenditure in Romania. We used the Johansen cointegration test, VECM model and Granger causality. The findings suggest that R&D Expenditure in the Business enterprise sector corrects the previous period disequilibrium faster than the other two variables, so 10% of this disequilibrium is corrected within the first year from R&D Expenditure in Business enterprise to GDP. In the shortrun, the R&D Expenditure in the Business enterprise sector does not influence the GDP, while the other two variables, R&D Expenditure in the Higher Education sector and R&D Expenditure in the Government sector to GDP, influence the GDP in the short run.
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Cai, W. X., and F. M. Chen. "A research into the impact of public expenditure structure on residents' consumption in china." In 2013 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme131432.
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Liu, Jun-ying. "Analysis of the synergistic impacts of public services expenditure on economic growth and social equity." In 2012 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2012.6414431.
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Yi-bing, Wang, and Ma Xiao-yun. "The effects of public expenditure on poverty in rural China — A simulated general equilibrium approach." In 2013 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2013.6586567.
Full textReports on the topic "Public expenditure management"
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Bonomo, Marco, Claudio R. Frischtak, and Paulo Ribeiro. Public Investment and Fiscal Crisis in Brazil: Finding Culprits and Solutions. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003199.
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We investigate the relation between existing fiscal rules and investments in the context of a fiscal crisis in Brazil. We analyze existing fiscal rules at national and subnational levels, their enforcement, and proposed alternatives. Using narrative analysis, case studies, interviews, empirical estimation, and model simulations, we conclude that public investment is not closely related to fiscal rules in Brazil but is mainly determined by fiscal conditions both at national and subnational (state) levels. It is the steady increase of personnel expenditures in real terms that underlies the fiscal deterioration of the last decade, despite the existence of fiscal rules devised to prevent it. We argue that a constitutional rule limiting subnationals personnel expenditures to 50 percent of net revenues, triggering adjustment measures when reaching 47.5 percent, would be an effective instrument for subnational fiscal management, opening fiscal space for increasing investments. At the national level, despite the existence of several fiscal rules, the only effective fiscal anchor is the primary expenditure ceiling introduced in 2016, which has successfully curbed expenditures, including those of the judiciary and legislature.
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Qiao, Baoyun, Xiaoqin Fan, Hanif Rahemtulla, Hans van Rijn, and Lina Li. Critical Issues for Fiscal Reform in the People’s Republic of China Part 1: Revenue and Expenditure Management. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220575-2.
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This paper examines revenue and expenditure management in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and recommends ways to cut risk and strengthen the resilience of the fiscal system. The paper outlines the PRC’s fiscal reforms and the impact of COVID-19. It notes the financing gap facing subnational governments that play a key role in providing public investment in infrastructure. The authors discuss the PRC’s need to adjust its focus on economic growth to tackle its fiscal imbalance, improve the sustainability of local government finances, and address inequality and environmental degradation. This paper is the first of two on key aspects of fiscal reform in the PRC.
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Arce, Eliécer, and Edgar A. Robles. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Costa Rica and Panama: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003071.
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This paper aims to provide evidence on the effects of fiscal rules on public investment, fiscal results and growth in Costa Rica and Panama. First, we find that the budget formulation process and the political economy behind the adoption and compliance of fiscal rules explain that Panama has a bias to create and sequentially pile up rules, while Costa Rica has a tendency not to comply with them. Second, a retrospective analysis of the 2018 fiscal rules in both nations finds asymmetric effects on the fiscal results. In Panama it is difficult to separate the effect of fiscal rule designs on public investment; and, in Costa Rica, the application of the fiscal rule will decrease public investment, if the debt to GDP ratio exceeds 60 percent and current expenditure crowds out capital expenditure. Two lessons emerge. First, an effective fiscal rule compliance requires time consistent institutions, solid monitoring, enforcement schemes and improving the quality of public financial management systems. Second, it is necessary to review the design of fiscal rules in both countries to ensure they are investment and growth friendly.
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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, Oscar Valencia, Jorge Hirs, and Ivan Leonardo Urrea Rios. Fiscal Rules and Economic Cycles: Quality (Always) Matters. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004570.
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Governments can issue public debt for both good and bad reasons. The former include intertemporal tax smoothing, fiscal stimulus, and asset management. In contrast, the bad reasons, which generate higher indebtedness, are mainly associated with political cycles, rent capture, intergenerational transfers, and common pool problems. Fiscal rules aim to eliminate the problem of time inconsistency of public finances and minimize debt accumulation by setting debt limits. Despite the theoretical relevance of fiscal rules and institutions to the proper management of fiscal processes in different countries, the evidence indicates mixed results regarding the effectiveness of this type of mechanism for fiscal performance. To understand the effect that fiscal rules have on public debt, this paper studies the effect of different types of rules on debt behavior and their differential effects with respect to the economic cycle. Using a dynamic panel, which enables us to control for endogeneity problems, and the use of a fiscal rule quality index (Schaechter et. al., 2012), this paper finds that fiscal rules only have a significant effect on the reduction of public debt during the positive side of the economic cycle if adequate institutional arrangements accompany them. Furthermore, only some types of fiscal rules (expenditure rules) show a significant effect during the negative part of the cycle. These results have relevant policy implications, as they underscore the importance of (1) developing institutional arrangements that promote the proper functioning of fiscal rules and (2) considering economic cycle asymmetries in order to ensure the appropriate operation of fiscal rules and the fulfillment of policy objectives.
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Babu M.G., Sarath, Debjani Ghosh, Jaideep Gupte, Md Asif Raza, Eric Kasper, and Priyanka Mehra. Kerala’s Grass-roots-led Pandemic Response: Deciphering the Strength of Decentralisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.049.
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This paper presents an analysis of the role of decentralised institutions to understand the learning and challenges of the grass-roots-led pandemic response of Kerala. The study is based on interviews with experts and frontline workers to ensure the representation of all stakeholders dealing with the outbreak, from the state level to the household level, and a review of published government orders, health guidelines, and news articles. The outcome of the study shows that along with the decentralised system of governance, the strong grass-roots-level network of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) workers, volunteer groups, and Kudumbashree members played a pivotal role in pandemic management in the state. The efficient functioning of local bodies in the state, experience gained from successive disasters, and the Nipah outbreak naturally aided grass-roots-level actions. The lessons others can draw from Kerala are the importance of public expenditure on health, investment for building social capital, and developing the local self-delivery system.
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Barreix, Alberto Daniel, Martín Bes, Oscar Fonseca, María Fonteñez, Dalmiro Morán, Emilio Pineda, and Jerónimo Roca. Revisiting Personalized VAT: A Tool for Fiscal Consolidation with Equity. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004147.
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As the COVID-19 pandemic ends, the large fiscal imbalances will require Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) governments to pursue fiscal consolidation policies by increasing revenues and/or reducing expenditures. VAT represents 40 percent of total revenues in the region but has a regressive impact that can be mitigated through two alternatives. The first, so called the “universal” strategy, provides relief by identifying those goods and services that account for a large share of consumption among lower-income households and, exempting or taxing them at a reduced rate. Its main weakness stems from the fact that it implies forgoing revenue which could be used to finance public social spending. Additionally, untargeted tax relief confers greater benefits, in absolute terms, to those who consume the most, usually individuals in the upper deciles of the income distribution, and also, multiple rates and exemptions introduce complexity into the management of the tax. The alternative, Personalized VAT (P VAT) strategy presented in this study for four LAC countries overcomes VATs regressivity without puncturing the tax base as the “universal” solution does. P Vat consists of three elements: (i) broadening the tax base, (ii) moving towards a single VAT rate, and (iii) implementing a tax refund for intended beneficiaries, based on the incidence of VAT on consumption among the poorest deciles. Currently, five LAC countries and one Brazilian state are implementing this mechanism.
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Viet Nam: Improving Public Expenditure Quality Program: Reforming Railway and Metro Asset Management. Asian Development Bank, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf179106-2.
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Viet Nam: Improving Public Expenditure Quality Program: Strengthening the Fiscal Risk Management of Government Guaranteed Loans. Asian Development Bank, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf179105-2.
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