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Journal articles on the topic 'Public expenditure management'
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1
Jaelani, Aan. "PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA:." HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v15i2.527.189-224.
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This paper discusses the management of public expenditures in Indonesia in State Budget 2017. The data collected from fiscal policy documents, especially about government spending plans in 2017, and then be reviewed by policy analysis, the theory of public expenditures, and the theory of public goods, and compared with the theory of public expenditure in Islamic economics. Public expenditure management in Indonesia has implemented a distribution system that divided public expenditure for central government expenditures, transfers to the regions, and the village fund. In terms of fiscal policy, public expenditure priorities to support the achievement of sustainable economic growth, job creation, poverty reduction, and the reduction of gaps in the welfare of the whole community. In Islamic economics, public expenditure is used to meet the needs of the community based on the principles of general interest derived from the sharia. Public expenditure on Indonesia’s government as an effective tool to divert economic resources and increase the income of society as a whole, and focused on the embodiment of the people’s welfare.
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Zhou, Gideon. "Three Decades of Public Expenditure Management in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 3 (July 28, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i3.2098.
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Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap. This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting Officers, Public Accounts Committees of Parliament, Auditor Generals and internal auditors-constitute key players in the public expenditure management process. Notwithstanding this, overall expenditure over the decades remained sticky downwards due to inflationary pressures, unbudgeted expenditures and weak expenditure management systems. Robust mesaures should be put in place to institutionalise a culture of compliance with extant expenditure management frameworks at both the macro and micro levels of government.
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Wilkinson, Margaret. "Tax Expenditure and Public Expenditure in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 15, no. 1 (January 1986): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400023096.
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ABSTRACT‘Tax expenditures’ are public revenue losses which result from special allowances and reliefs given to various categories of taxpayer for reasons of economic and social policy. In 1983/4 tax expenditures in the personal income tax system cost nearly £11 billion which was equal to 35 per cent of revenue from personal income tax or 9 per cent of total public expenditure. This paper assesses their significance in the context of public expenditure and tax policy. It identifies those allowances and reliefs in the personal income tax system which may be regarded as tax expenditures, evaluates them and compares their cost with direct expenditures in similar areas. Many tax expenditures are inequitable and inefficient; and they are difficult for governments to control. If they were reduced some public expenditures could be protected from cuts, or the general burden of income tax could be reduced.
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Bista, Raghu Bir, and Kiran Prasad Sankhi. "Assessing Multiplier Effects of Public Expenditures on Economic Growth in Nepal: SVAR Model Analysis." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems755.
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This paper assesses the multiplier effects of public expenditures on economic growth in Nepal, covering time series data sets of public expenditures and economic growth from 1974-75 to 2018-19 by using the SVAR model. As a result of the SVAR model, the multiplier effect of public expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and capital expenditure is positive for economic growth. In a result, the multiplier effect of recurrent expenditure is found to be more promising than capital expenditure for economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it is lower. Similarly, the multiplier coefficient value of capital expenditure is lower in the short run. This is probably due to leakages in the economy, corruption and improper management of development funds, seasonal expenditure trends, and poor management of development projects. Therefore, the government should improve the efficiency of public expenditure and the ratio of capital expenditure and private investment to improve the higher multiplier variable in the long run.
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MALYNIAK, Bohdan. "THE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS OF A COUNTRY." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(67) (2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2021.02.035.
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Introduction. The functions of public expenditures reveal their intended purpose in the regulation of various processes and explain their role in the attainment of specific goals. Scientific literature provides extensive insights into definitions of budget functions in market democracies, but the functional purpose of public expenditures is covered only fragmentarily. The purpose of the article is to present a scientific substantiation for the system of public expenditure functions in the market democracies. Results. Based on the analysis of public expenditure functions, we believe that it would be feasible to substantiate the functions separately for each of the two main spheres directly affected by public expenditures, namely public management and the economic and social system of the country. In the public management sphere, public expenditures perform the functions of control and planning (programming). The essence of the planning function consists in using public expenditures to create conditions and provide necessary incentives for rational performance-based planning of the activities carried out by public authorities, as well as for attainment of target performance indicators by applying the results-oriented budgeting method. The function of control is preconditioned by the specifics of public management system functioning in a democratic society, which consists in assuring that the society has control over activities of public authorities. The influence of public expenditures on the national economy and its social system occurs through functions of allocation, redistribution and stimulation. The function of allocation consists in providing the population with goods and services that cannot be supplied by the market economy in sufficient volumes. The essence of the redistribution function consists in using public expenditures with the aim of decreasing income inequality among members of the society, regional development of territories or solving other tasks. The public expenditure function of stimulation aims to stimulate certain directions of economic activity by means of changing the volumes, components or structure of public expenditures through different mechanisms of their realization. Conclusions. In result of performing a theoretical study of the functional purpose of the budget in a market economy and a critical analysis of scientific postulates allow us to substantiate the feasibility of identifying the following functions of public expenditures: planning (programming), control, allocation, redistribution, and stimula tion.
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Scott, George Kojo. "Effects of Public Expenditure Management Practices on Service Delivery in the Public Sector: The Case of District Assemblies in Ghana." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14617.
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This research analysed how the public expenditure management as practiced in the District Assemblies of Ghana affect service delivery. The research adopted a mixed-method research approach where qualitative and quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Multistage sampling was used to pick the respondents for the questionnaires, key interview informants and the participants in the focus group discussions. Thirty four out of 170 district assemblies which existed by 2008 were sampled. Participants in the study included 612 District Assembly (DA) officials, 1020 citizens, 28 national/regional officials and 20 participants in focus group discussions. Quantitative data, measured by using scaled-items, were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression while qualitative data were examined thematically. The study established that expenditure management practices had positive significant influence on service delivery. The study recommends that, the DAs should prioritize expenditures to key service delivery areas such as; those that enhance poverty reduction, improve on Human Capital index and strengthen Innovations practices. DAs should strengthen electronic, automation and appropriate technologies for better expenditure management and service delivery. There should be laws to ensure stiffer penalties and enforcement of sanctions on those involved in malpractices in public expenditure management practices, while persistent efforts are made to implement recommendations of Auditor General’s reports on DAs expenditures management practices.
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Success Ikechi, Kanu, Obi Henry Kenedunium, and Akuwudike Hilary Chinedum. "Impact of Public Sector Financial Management on the Economic Growth of Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 4 (2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.74.1006.
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The main thrust of this study is to investigate the seeming mismatch between resource generation, resource allocation and expenditure management in Nigeria. While an ex-post facto research design was adopted in the investigation; descriptive statistics as well as a least square regression analysis were carried out on a time-series data to ascertain relationships. Real Gross Domestic Product taken as a proxy for economic growth is the dependent variable while capital and recurrent expenditures are the independent variables. Outcome of the study indicates that, the nation’s financing option is skewed towards payment of salaries and personnel emoluments (Recurrent Expenditures) as against the provision of basic infrastructures (Capital Expenditures) that are growth oriented. The trend of disbursements is not appropriately harnessed to create a favorable and positive impact on economic growth. In the short run, the disaggregated components of capital expenditure (CAPEX) indicate that expenses incurred in administration sector and external debt service transfers attracted more than their fare share of public expenditure to the detriment of economic and social community welfare services. The disaggregated component of recurrent expenditures (RECEX) indicate that expense on economic service sector and the lagged value of RGDP taken as an explanatory variable were found to have a positive significant relationship with economic growth in the long run. It is therefore recommended that conscious efforts be made by government to scrutinize and monitor budget implementations. Macroeconomic projections should guide the overall level of expenditures. This should be more realistic, internally consistent and based on more accurate and timely information. Government must embark on a careful estimation and determination of priorities and to emphasize the need for control over revenue and expenditure so as to enhance critical areas of economic growth in Nigeria.
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Rizal, Rahma, and Afriana Lomagio. "Apparatus and Public Budget Management: Evidence from Regional Government in North Gorontalo." Point of View Research Accounting and Auditing 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47090/povraa.v1i3.45.
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This study aims to analyze and assess the process of managing government apparatus and public spending on regional governments in North Gorontalo. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of Budget Realization Reports. This study analyzes the optimization of apparatus and public expenditure in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the North Gorontalo District Transmigration and Manpower Office. The results showed that overall the level of optimization of the achievements of the Apparatus and Public Expenditures of the North Gorontalo District Transmigration and Manpower Office in 2017, 2018 and 2019 included in the criteria was very optimal. On average, the apparatus expenditure proceeds to be greater than public spending. The results of this calculation indicate that the portion of apparatus expenditure is still considered too high when compared to public spending
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Emmanuel, Umoh Alphonsus, Anochie Uzoma C, and Biradawa Kayadi. "Public Expenditure and Economic Development in Nigeria." Middle East Research Journal of Economics and Management 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjem.2021.v01i01.003.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of public expenditure on economic development in Nigeria. The design adopted for this study was ex-post-facto; data used for analysis were elicited from Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and Federal Ministry of Finance. To achieve this broad objective, a model was formulated based on empirical and theoretical reviews. The model used Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable while public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure and external borrowing were the independent variables in the model. This study employed the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) Model to analyze data. The findings elicited from this study revealed that public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure and external borrowing all had positive and significant impact on human development index within the scope of this study. Inferential result deduced that public expenditure had positive and significant impact on economic development in Nigeria. The study recommended that urgent need to instill fiscal discipline in government expenditures by initiating far reaching effective internal control measures and more proactive economic management coordination and implementation as well as discouraging all non-productive activities and expenditures in all tiers of government forthwith. Government recurrent expenditure should be channeled to have effects on the economy, enhancing and promoting growth and development in the process. All non- productive activities and expenditure need to be reviewed forthwith while the role of government should be reappraised with more emphasis on providing the enabling policy environment for private sector initiatives.
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Dzomira, Shewangu. "Financial accountability & governance in an emerging country." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3c1art6.
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In the public sector the agents have the responsibility of being accountable to the exploitation of the resources towards service delivery. The public sector expenditure has been characterised with wasteful and fruitless, irregular and unauthorised expenditures. Therefore governance embraces the engagements set to certify that the anticipated upshots for stakeholders (citizens) are limpid and realized. This study is grounded on agency theory as it seeks out to analyse public expenditure and governance in South Africa’s public sector. The research study followed a qualitative research approach based on an interpretative philosophy which examined meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data from 24 General Reports on The Provincial Audit Outcomes for the three periods (2012-2013; 2013-2014 and 2014-2015). The research results propose that public sector financial governance in South Africa is pitiable as the public agencies perpetrate an act of financial misdemeanour as they continue to errantly make irregular expenditures, unauthorised expenditures and, fruitless and wasteful expenditures. Public finance management reform is a necessity as it can aid governments move to single accounting systems across the public sector, permitting centralised planning and budgeting, as well as the capacity to observe the expenditure of funds centrally. It is recommended that governments should implement integrated financial management systems which allows for integrated budgeting, financial management, procurement and supply chain management.
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Secrieru, Angela. "Analysis of public expenditure management in terms of respect for economic, social and cultural rights in the Republic of Moldova." Economica, no. 3(117) (October 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/econ.2021.117.007.
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To a great extent, respecting human rights in the Republic of Moldova is affected by unsatisfactory evolution of public expenditures and the way the latter are managed. The quality of public expenditure management, with an impact on respecting economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) is evaluated through the prism of basic objectives of public financial management, namely the following: maintaining strict financial discipline, allocating public financial resources in conformity with government’s priorities, efficient provision of public services. The central public administration and local public administrations from the Republic of Moldova are relatively more successful in consolidating fiscal discipline than in providing an efficient use of public expenditure in conformity with strategic priorities. The research argues the positive effect which can be made by improvement of public expenditure management on respecting ESCR in the Republic of Moldova.
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Secrieru, Angela. "Analysis of public expenditure management in terms of respect for economic, social and cultural rights in the Republic of Moldova." Economica, no. 3(117) (October 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/econ.2021.117.007.
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To a great extent, respecting human rights in the Republic of Moldova is affected by unsatisfactory evolution of public expenditures and the way the latter are managed. The quality of public expenditure management, with an impact on respecting economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) is evaluated through the prism of basic objectives of public financial management, namely the following: maintaining strict financial discipline, allocating public financial resources in conformity with government’s priorities, efficient provision of public services. The central public administration and local public administrations from the Republic of Moldova are relatively more successful in consolidating fiscal discipline than in providing an efficient use of public expenditure in conformity with strategic priorities. The research argues the positive effect which can be made by improvement of public expenditure management on respecting ESCR in the Republic of Moldova.
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Bista, Raghu Bir, and Kiran Prasad Sankhi. "Assessing Multiplier Effects of Public Expenditures on Economic Growth in Nepal: SVAR Model Analysis." Journal of Economic Impact 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei4012206.
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Expansionary public expenditure is a popular important fiscal measure in the constraint of budgetary resources to achieve higher economic growth with the expectation of higher multiplier effect on productive sectors in the world. Since the actual multiplier effect contradicts with the expected multiplier effect in this discretionary fiscal practice, the goal of higher economic growth is not well achieved. In this context, the practice of public expenditure is a key concern of scholars to understand whether it is the best one or whether its multiplier effect is higher. In this context, this study is an important attempt. This paper assesses the multiplier effects of public expenditures on economic growth in Nepal, covering time series data sets of public expenditures and economic growth from 1974-75 to 2018-19 by using the structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model. As a result of the SVAR model, the multiplier effect of public expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and capital expenditure is positive for economic growth. In the results, the multiplier effect of recurrent expenditure is found to be more promising than capital expenditure for economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it is lower. Similarly, the multiplier coefficient value of capital expenditure is lower in the short run. This is probably due to leakages in the economy, corruption and improper management of development funds, seasonal expenditure trends, and poor management of development projects. Thus, public expenditure is an important fiscal measure to developing economy like Nepal to create a multiplier effect through aggregate demand on national income and employment. Therefore, the government should improve the efficiency of public expenditure and the ratio of capital expenditure and private investment to improve the higher multiplier variable in the long run. The result of this paper will be a valuable input to the policymaker and the planner of Nepal to improve the efficiency of public expenditure through the implementation of a mid-term expenditure framework.
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Shafique, Saima, M. Mansoor Ali, Anwar-ul Mujahid Shah, and Seema Zubair. "Dynamics of Public Policy on Economic Activity: The Case of Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.18.
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The unanticipated domestic and international changes in conjunction with policy discretion become reason for shocks to overall economy that affect overall economic growth. Based on methodology by Blanchard and Perotti (2002) the study used timing of fiscal decisions in a Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR) to map dynamics of shocks due to tax revenue, government expenditures and aggregate output in Pakistan. When tax decisions precede expenditure decision, the tax shocks have a volatile short run impact causing expenditures to sharply adjust. Expenditure shocks persistently increase tax revenues and government expenditures. But in the second specification, expenditure shocks reduce the tax revenue and aggregate output that reverts to equilibrium only in the long run. The response of output shocks is almost identical for both the scenarios. Therefore, growth in output increases taxes collection in Pakistan enabling better management of burden of debt and deficit.
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Quy, Nguyen Hoang. "The Role of Public Expenditures in Economic Growth at Provincial Level: Empirical Study in Vietnam." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p88.
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The literature analyzes the relationship between public expenditures and GDP growth in localities of Vietnam. The research sample includes data on public expenditures and GDP of 63 provinces/cities of Vietnam during the period 2013 - 2015. The results of the research by backward regression method have confirmed the orthodromically directly proportional relationship between components of public expenditure, but not the total public expenditure, and GDP growth in provinces/cities of Vietnam. Specifically, public expenditure on development investment and the one on social and economic services contribute significantly and positively to the economic development of localities. On this basis, we propose some relevant recommendations to state agencies in establishing constitution for cutting down expenditures; strengthening estimate, public debt management performance; as well as measures to attract investment to contribute to fulfilling the tasks of industrialization, modernization in the era of global integration today.
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Prakash, Tej. "Public expenditure management in asian countries(1)." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 10, no. 2 (March 1998): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-10-02-1998-b004.
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Alzyadat, Jumah Ahmad. "Public Debt Management and Macroeconomics Policies Coordination: Evidence from Jordan." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 36 (January 29, 2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.36.12.5.
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This study aimed to analyze the effects of fiscal and monetary policies interactions on public debt in Jordan during (1970 – 2019). Using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) derived from VAR (Vector Auto regression), and examine dynamic interactions between economic variables over time, by Appling Impulse Response Function, and Variance Decomposition. The results indicated that the fiscal policy instruments affect public debt in two different directions, the expansion of government expenditure positively affect public debt, while tax revenues reduce indebtedness. The monetary policy instruments affect public debt in the same directions, as the results indicated that the central bank in controlling money supply and managing interest rate helps the fiscal authority in reducing the public debt in Jordan. The results confirm the strongest impact of government expenditure on public debt in Jordan. The study recommends the necessity of rationalizing government expenditures and combating tax evasion. In addition, more coordination between fiscal and monetary policies.
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Rukina, S. N., K. A. Gerasimova, A. S. Takmazyan, and K. N. Samoylova. "Budgetary instruments of public finance management." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (November 27, 2022): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-10-205-214.
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In the context of global changes, Russia faces the challenges of not only countering the economic sanctions of the West, but also fulfilling its obligations to implement the Sustainable Development Goals, legislated in 2018. The purpose of the study is to critically examine the content of budget instruments, and their role in modern conditions, problems of functioning and areas of improvement. The key instrument of state financial policy is the federal budget, the resource capabilities of which make it possible to finance national projects, measures to implement the Messages of the President of the Russian Federation, 42 government initiatives. The conclusions are based on the analysis of open data of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The study substantiates the need to transform the institute of state programs and related tax expenditures and budget expenditure reviews. It is revealed that they provide objective evidence of managerial decision-making in the field of public finance. Their further improvement is connected with the expansion of the tax independence of the sub-federal government, as well as the consolidation in the budget legislation of provisions on the formation of tax expenditures and conducting reviews of budget expenditures. The results of the study can be used by legislative and executive authorities in developing proposals for improving budget legislation, the implementation of which will contribute to the selection of relevant areas of financing, effective use of budget funds, and increased transparency of budget information.
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Lenzi, Jacopo, and Maria Michela Gianino. "Switch from public to private retail pharmaceutical expenditures: evidence from a time series analysis in Italy." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e055421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055421.
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ObjectivesTo analyse trajectories of retail pharmaceutical expenditures from 2010 to 2019 in Italy to investigate whether there was a switch from public to private expenditure, how the composition of private and public expenditure changed, and whether there are correlations with supply/demand variables. Answering these questions is important to assure pharmaceutical care to all citizens in a public health system where expenditure containment is the issue of pharmaceutical policies.Design and settingTime-trend analysis was carried out in the Italian National Health System (NHS), between 2010 and 2019. We considered the following: public pharmaceutical expenditure with/without direct distribution of drugs, copayments, household out-of-pocket payments for drugs reimbursable/non-reimbursable by the NHS, and for drugs without prescription requirement. Correlations were tested between expenditure items and relevant statistics (Gini coefficient, resident population demographics, ages and categories of physicians, and current expenditure on health).ResultsThe switch feared between public and private pharmaceutical expenditures was not found: private expenditure increased (average annual per cent change 1.5%; 95% CI 0.3% to 2.6%), but public spending remained stable (–1.0%; 95% CI –3.0% to 1.1%). Single items of expenditure exhibited significant pattern changes over the study period. A switch from public expenditure without direct distribution of drugs (–3.9%) to expenditure with direct distribution was found (+8.4%). Unexpected increases in household out-of-pocket payments for drugs reimbursable by the NHS (+6.1%) and in copayments (+4.9%) were shown. No notable correlations were found.ConclusionsThis study offers insights into Italian experience that can be applied to other contexts and the results provide policy-makers issues to reflect on. The findings suggest that policies of pharmaceutical-expenditure management may have multiple effects and unexpected combined effects over time that should be considered when they are designed, and suggest that health policies must be adopted with a systematic logic and a broad and unified vision.
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Kashimoto, Kanae, and Motohiro Okada. "Analysing the Impacts of Financial Expenditure of Prefectures on Methods of Suicide Completion in Japan." Psychiatry International 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3010001.
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Recently, several studies reported that the governmental financial expenditures play important roles in the prevention of increasing suicide mortalities; however, the specific regional policies, designed dependent on regional cultural, economic, education and welfare backgrounds, affect suicide mortality by a specific suicidal means. Therefore, the present study determined the impacts of the regional governmental expenditure of six major divisions, “public health”, “public works”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education” on suicide mortalities by five major suicidal means, “hanging”, “poisoning”, “charcoal burning”, “jumping” and “throwing”, across the 47 prefectures in Japan during 2009–2018 using fixed-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. The expenditures of “ambulance/fire services” and “education” indicated the negative relation to suicide mortalities by wide-spectrum suicidal means, whereas expenditures of “public works” did not affect suicide mortalities. In the education subdivisions, expenditure of “kindergarten” and “elementary school” indicated the impacts of reduction of suicide mortalities, whereas the expenditures of “special school” for individuals with disabilities unexpectedly contribute to increasing suicide mortalities by poisoning, charcoal burning and throwing of females. Regarding subdivisions of welfare, expenditure of “child welfare” and “social welfare” contributed to a reduction in suicide mortalities, but expenditure of “elderly welfare” surprisingly contributed to increasing suicide mortalities. Furthermore, expenditures of welfare subdivision abolished the negative impacts of the expenditures of educational subdivisions, kindergarten and elementary school, but the positive impact of expenditure of special school on female suicide mortalities was not affected. These results suggest that most Japanese people are struggling to care for children even in the situation of an increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the investment welfare policy for the future to improve the childcare environment. The results demonstrated by this study suggest that the scientifically evidence-based redistributions of welfare expenditure in regional government, at least partially, provide improvement of Japanese society and welfare systems, under the continuous severe Japanese social concerns associated with increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate.
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Tarschys, Daniel. "Curbing Public Expenditure: Current Trends." Journal of Public Policy 5, no. 1 (February 1985): 23–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00002877.
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ABSTRACTNearly every OECD country has faced a scissors crisis in public finance since the worldwide depression of the mid-1970s; in slow growth economies public spending has been rising faster than tax revenues. In response, a great variety of methods have been employed to control public spending. Governments have sought to: impose global ceilings on spending; modify indexation rules; decentralize decremental decisions among government agencies; improve cash flow management; devise balanced packages; introduce new constitutional rules; provide incentives for retrenchment; and privatize public sector activities. Efforts to impose cuts in spending have been directed at the bureaucracy; transfer payments; subsidies; local and regional government; and quangos. The conclusion emphasizes that retrenchment policy presupposes a shift in the balance of power between guardians and spenders.
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Premchand, A. "Changing Patterns in Public Expenditure Management: An Overview." IMF Working Papers 94, no. 28 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451844597.001.
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Premchand, A. "Issues and New Directions in Public Expenditure Management." IMF Working Papers 96, no. 123 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451854565.001.
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Boateng, Nana Adowaa. "Does public expenditure management matter for education outcomes?" Development Southern Africa 31, no. 4 (May 2, 2014): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2014.906299.
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Oak, Dongsuk. "Activity-Based Costing to Improve Public Expenditure Management." Journal of Korean Public Policy 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37103/kapp.24.4.5.
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Liu, Louis Chih-hung, Chiehwen Ed Hsu, and Mustafa Z. Younis. "The association between government expenditure and economic growth: granger causality test of us data, 1947-2002." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 20, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-20-04-2008-b002.
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Wagner’s Law and Keynesian’s theory are two widely accepted yet contrasting propositions. This paper employs Granger causality test on US federal government data, from 1947 to 2002. We used aggregate data as well as disaggregate data with the sub-categories of five federal expenditures, including: national defense, human resources expenditure, physical resources expenditure, net interest payment, and other expenditure. The results of our study suggest that total federal government expenditure is more consistent with Keynesian’s theory while there are diversified causal relationships among five sub-category of federal expenditure. The policy recommendation generated from this paper is that the US federal government should invest more public resources in human resources expenditure assuming that economic growth is the utmost important item on the government agenda.
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Lu, Yaotai. "Public Financial Information Management for Benefits Maximization." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 6, no. 3 (July 2016): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2016070104.
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Information management is an essential part in the public budgetary process. This paper analyzes the theoretical basis, tools, and consequences of information management throughout a budget cycle. Budgeters and decision makers need necessary financial data related to all types of revenues and expenditures, economic conditions, and agency needs, among other factors. From an organization theory perspective, budget agencies face a great number of uncertainties and constraints throughout each phase of a budget cycle. Using appropriate budgeting techniques and approaches, they collect, analyze, and use necessary information to make rational budgetary decisions regarding revenue raising and resource distribution. They intend to attain such goals and objectives as cutting inefficient expenditure, achieving more output and outcome with less input, and attaining oriented societal consequences. Extensive efforts in budget reforms have resulted in considerable productivity in government administration, but at a low level. Continuous efforts are needed for further improvement of performance.
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Bahl, R. W., and S. Nath. "Public Expenditure Decentralization in Developing Countries." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, no. 4 (December 1986): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040405.
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The objective of this paper is to investigate the extent of public expenditure decentralization among developing countries, and to identify its determinants. Using data compiled from international agency sources, and from primary sources, it is shown that fiscal decentralization has gone significantly farther in developed than in developing countries. The use of factor analysis and regression analysis indicates three general explanations for the wide variation in fiscal decentralization among countries. The public expenditure share of subnational governments appears to be greater where the level of economic development is higher, in countries with larger populations, and in countries whose central government budgets carry less of a defense burden. The results also suggest that where central governments mobilize more resources through the revenue system, the subnational government's share of expenditures may be lower—taxes are more likely to stick where they hit than to be passed through as grants to local governments.
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Madugba, Joseph Ugochukwu, Tony Uche Agburuga, Ben-Caleb Egbide, Fadoju, Samuel Oludaro, and Joseph Falaye. "Dysfunctional Association Between Public Expenditure Growth and National Consumption Cost: A Vector Error Correction Approach." Asian Economic and Financial Review 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.1110.794.804.
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The management of public expenditure is crucial due to its effect on people’s standard of living. In line with this, this study investigated public expenditure growth and national consumption costs using a vector error correction approach. The objective is to determine the effect of capital and recurrent expenditure on the consumer price index. The dependent variable in this study is national consumption measured by the consumer price index, while the independent variable is public expenditure measured by capital and recurrent expenditures. An ex post facto research design was adopted, and data for the study spanning from 1981 to 2019 was sourced from the World Bank. Descriptive statistics, unit root tests, cointegration tests and vector error correction estimates were all conducted with the aid of EViews 9. Based on the results, we concluded that there is a positive but insignificant relationship between the consumer price index and capital and recurrent expenditures of the government in Nigeria. We recommend that Nigeria’s government should increase expenditure on projects that will improve the economy and the living standards of the people. Additionally, there is an urgent need for proper monitoring of allocations contained in the budget to ensure efficient and effective utilization of funds, as this will help to improve the standard of living of the people and improve the economy.
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E, Ewa Uket. "Stakeholders Perception of Public Sector Performance Audit." Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55217/102.v14i2.517.
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This study focused on evaluating public sector audit quality on public expenditure management in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative research was applied and data analysed using SPSS and NVivo 10. The F-statistics of 37.611, 27.644 and 27.218 explains the variations as adequate and significant at p <0.000. The R ratios of 0.621, 0.562 and 0.559 indicate significant influence of the audit quality on agencies’ expenditure management. The R-Square values of 0.385, 0.315 and 0.312 public expenditure management is influenced by audit quality. The study found significant relationship between audit qualities, agencies expenditure management, external influences on auditors that impair their independence and highlighted the absence of Audit Commission thus recommended the amendment of the Audit Act to promote yearly mandatory rendition of performance audit that addresses economy, efficiency and effectiveness (3Es) and standardized performance audit guidelines for presenting the audit reports that should be made available curtail non-audit service contracts from Agencies.
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Vladušić, Ljubiša, and Kristijan Ristić. "STATE INTERVENTION AND MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT." ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ЕКОНОМСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ 1, no. 10 (December 7, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/zrefis1510055v.
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The monetarists are opponents of government intervention and supporters of free market processes. Keynesians are, conversely, supporters and advocates of government intervention and opponents of uncontrolled operation of the market mechanism. As opponents of government intervention, the monetarists do not agree that it should take countercyclical fiscal policy which can cause greater increase in expenditures of the public sector during the recession, but spending cuts in the period of expansion and that, consequently, the public expenditures continue to increase. However, Tobin, indicating a negative attitude, claims that inflation cannot be used as a reason to reduce the budget, if fiscal policy has little or no effect on income. Undesirability of countercyclical fiscal policy is a logical consequence of the monetarist views on the stability of the sector and better performance of the free market of government intervention in social reproduction. Rule on a constant rate of monetary expansion eliminates the need for conducting discretionary policy, as the Phillips curve, previously defined, does not allow an optimal combination of inflation and unemployment. Therefore, the use of money (and interest rates and bank loans), as the goal of monetary policy provides economic policy makers to focus on managing variability (i.e. concentrate to money supply), which is beyond the scope of operation of the market, on the one hand, and to let determining the interest rates of bank loans and the free market, on the other hand. Finally, monetarists are extremely concerned about the multiple connections between inflation and expansion of the public sector, for three reasons: first, inflation increases the share of the public sector (and exacts an increase in public expenditure), if a progressive tax system is functioning; second, combating inflation can only indirectly limit the expenditure of the public sector, as the government expenditures partly increase by inflationary financing; and third, financing the budget deficit with the primary issues typically involves inflationary effect, which, if it continues, initiates the process prices and wages control. The paper is based on theoretical analysis of the impact of state intervention in the sphere of stimulating economic recovery, growth and development.
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Robinson, Ray. "Restructuring the Welfare State: An Analysis of Public Expenditure, 1979/80–1984/85." Journal of Social Policy 15, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400023084.
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ABSTRACTSince the election of the Thatcher Government in 1979, public expenditure on the welfare state has undergone a series of changes. The nature of change has, however, often been obscured by the use of inadequate and misleading statistical data. This paper presents a systematic examination of public expenditure on education, health care, housing and social security over the period 1979/80 to 1984/85. It shows that, contrary to much political rhetoric, the major changes in the welfare state have not always arisen from reductions in programme expenditures, but from changes in the composition of expenditure. It is the latter that has often increased economic inequality and can be legitimately referred to as ‘restructuring’.
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Iwa Kartiwa Karpi, Yanne Yuniarti Widayat, Novi Eka Ratnasari, and M.D Enjat Munajat. "Can Regional Spending Management Policies Improve Human Development Index?" Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v3i2.309.
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The management of expenditure carried out by local governments until now is considered not effective and efficient enough, so the government, through Law Number 1 of 2022 (articles 146 and 147) seeks to increase the effectiveness of regional expenditure in regional development by regulating the proportion of employee spending and public service infrastructure spending. This article aims to evaluate regional spending management policies in increasing Human Development Index (HDI) in the Bima regency. This regency was chosen as the research location because it has a fairly large employee expenditure allocation which is 49.29 percent of the total regional expenditure, with an increase in HDI of 0.36. Data analysis was carried out using Tableau applications and cost-effectiveness analysis. The results show that in comparison to other Indonesian eastern districts, the Bima region does not manage regional expenditures efficiently. Meanwhile, the results of the 2022-2025 HDI forecast only increased by 0.611 per year. The estimated HDI in 2024 is 69,02863, which is still far below the 2024 HDI target of 75.54. Suggestively, the Bima regency needs to allocate budgets selectively for the HDI driving sector and decrease the employee spending rate.
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LALVANI, MALA. "Public Expenditure Management Reform in India via Intergovernmental Transfers." Public Budgeting & Finance 30, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 98–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2010.00964.x.
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Nwiado, Deebii, and Leelee N. Deekor PhD. "Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF): A Panacea for Public Expenditure Management (PEM) In Nigeria?" Business and Management Studies 6, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i4.5078.
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This paper investigated the outcome of the adoption and implementation of Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the Nigeria budgeting process. MTEF is eulogized by the World Bank, and even donor organization DFR as the panacea to the poor public expenditure management (PEM) prevalent in most of sub – Sahara African Countries. MTEF was first adopted in Nigeria, following the passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 Act 30 to guide her national annual budgeting process. Using simply statistical methods, we collated data from sixteen national budgets (2003 - 2016), and constructed statistical tables to investigate the MTEF in the Nigeria annual budgets. Using correlation coefficient, we examined the behaviour of three key fiscal and expenditure items in Nigeria annual budgets.Our findings showed strong positive correlation between the budgeted and actual figures in all three fiscal items. Oil production was negatively corrected with the actual. We concluded, following our findings that the adoption and implementation of MTEF has to a large degree improved fiscal discipline in the Nigeria budgeting process.
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Dubauskas, Gediminas. "Education on Public Finance Management: the Case of Public Expenditure and Procurement." Šiuolaikinės visuomenės ugdymo veiksniai 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47459/svuv.2017.2.8.
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Widiastuty, Erna, and Noorlailie Soewarno. "CSR Expenditure and Company Performance: Charity or Signal? Evidence from Indonesia." Quality Innovation Prosperity 23, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v23i3.1273.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study are: first, to investigate CSR expenditures made by public companies in Indonesia are whether aimed at the charity, and second, whether CSR expenditure is related to the corporate’s performance in the future.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The samples are taken from 53 companies registered at the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Measurement of CSR expenditure uses monetary unit because CSR expenditure is the actual expenditure of the company. Company performance variables use ROA and CFO.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The result indicates that CSR expenditures by companies in Indonesia are aimed at charity and are not related to their future performance. In addition, the CFO is also not related to CSR expenditure. This finding indicates that the expenditure of corporate CSR in Indonesia is only limited to fulfilling corporate social responsibility to the community without expecting repayment and to fulfill applicable regulatory obligations. Thus the resulting decision is a charity decision, not a signal.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Sample in this study is limited to only company that reports CSR expenditure data in its annual report. The problem is that this disclosure is not mandatory in Indonesia so we cannot put all of public companies into our study. Our findings must be interpreted with this sample limitation problem.</p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> Our study contributes to understanding of motives of corporation in CSR spending. Corporations that operate in Indonesia are not only local corporations. Some are foreign companies that operate in Indonesia. Even though this Indonesian-based foreign corporation has its CSR program running in Indonesia, the program actually made by its home office abroad. While the CSR activity is used as signal in the home country, the purpose is not the same in Indonesia.
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Amusa, Kafayat, and Mutiu Abimbola Oyinlola. "The effectiveness of government expenditure on economic growth in Botswana." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2018-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Botswana over the period 1985‒2016. The study employed the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach in investigating the nexus. The study makes the argument that the effectiveness of public spending should be assessed not only against the amount of the expenditure but also by the type of the expenditure. The empirical findings showed that aggregate expenditure has a negative short-run and positive long-run effect on economic growth. When expenditure is disaggregated, both forms of expenditures have a positive short-run effect on economic growth, whereas only a long-run positive impact of recurrent expenditure is observed. The study suggests the need to prioritize scarce resources in productive recurrent and development spending that enables increased productivity. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the effectiveness of government spending in Botswana, within an ARDL framework from 1985 to 2016. To achieve this, the analysis is carried out on both an aggregate and disaggregated level. Government spending is divided into recurrent and development expenditures. Findings This study examined the effectiveness of government spending in Botswana, within an ARDL framework from 1985 to 2016. To achieve this, the analysis hinged on both the aggregate and disaggregated levels. The results of the aggregate analysis suggest that total public expenditure has a negative impact on economic growth in the short run; however, its impact becomes positive over the long run. On disaggregating government spending, the results show that both recurrent and development expenditures have a significant positive short-run impact on growth; however, in the long run, the significant positive impact is only observed for recurrent expenditure. Practical implications The results provide evidence of the diverse effects of government expenditure in the country. In the period under investigation, 73 percent of total government expenditure in Botswana was recurrent in nature, whereas 23 percent was related to development. From the results, it can be observed that although the recurrent expenditure has contributed to increased growth and must be encouraged, it is also pertinent for the Botswana Government to endeavor to place more emphasis on productive development expenditure in order to enhance short- and long-term growth. Further, there is a need to strengthen the growth-enhancing structures and to prioritize the scarce economic resources toward productive spending and ensuring continued proper governance over such expenditures. Originality/value The study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of government spending in a small open, resource-reliant middle-income SSA economy and argues that the effectiveness of public spending must be assessed not only against the amount of the expenditure but also on the type or composition of the expenditure. The study contributes to the scant empirical literature on Botswana by employing the ARDL approach to cointegration technique in estimating the long- and short-run impact of government expenditure on economic growth between 1985 and 2016.
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Jadoon, Atif khan, Syeda Azra Batool, Ambreen Sarwar, Maria Faiq Javaid, and Dur a. Shahwar. "An Investigation into the Channel of Public Expenditure to Boost Industrial Productivity in Pakistan." iRASD Journal of Economics 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2021.0302.0028.
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It is a fact that public expenditure has a strong association with industrial productivity. The industrial sector recorded slow growth of 5.43%, which adds 20.90% to the GDP of Pakistan (2017-2018). This study aims to find the effects of public expenditure on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the industrial sector of the country. The study constructed two different models. In the first model, the study used time series data from 1975 to 2018, and the growth of adjusted TFP was calculated by the growth accounting method. In the second model, the study collected data from 1977 to 2018 and checked the impact of government expenditure on the TFP growth in the industry. The unit root tests, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were employed. The findings of the study revealed that public expenditures on education were significant and positively related to TFP growth in industries. Public expenditure on health, agriculture, and inflation had a significant and positive association with TFP growth in the industries. Foreign direct investment had a negative but significant impact on TFP growth. The results of the present study suggest that industrial productivity can be increased by increasing the expenditure on education and health.
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Onodugo, Vincent A., Kenneth Onyebuchi Obi, Oluchukwu F. Anowor, Nnenna Georgina Nwonye, and Grace N. Ofoegbu. "Does public spending affect unemployment in an emerging market?" Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 1 (2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i1art4.
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The Nigerian economy in the last two decades up until 2013 has been growing at an average of 6% and yet unemployment was equally growing in the region of 20% within the same period. This paradoxical situation has led to a flurry of studies and postulations aimed at providing explanation and solution to the phenomenon. This study making use of a regression model with annual data from 1980 to 2013, empirically determined the impact of public sector expenditures (CEXP and REXP) together with private sector investment (PINV) on unemployment (UNEMP) in Nigeria. Capital expenditure and private sector investment both in the medium to long-run were found to serve as catalyst towards reduction of unemployment, while recurrent expenditure was not statistically strong enough to do same. The R-2 (0.84) showed that greater proportion of the total variations in UNEMP was brought about by variations in the regressors. Further tests like autocorrelation, hetroscedasticity, specification error, and multicollinearity indicated respectively that there is no presence of autocorrelation hence the model produced a parsimonious result; the variance is constant over time; the link test confirmed by Ramsey reset test suggested there was no specification error; and lastly the variance inflation factor (VIF) of the variables implies that there is no evidence of multicollinearity. The study recommends, inter alia, that the proportion of capital expenditure in Nigerian budget profile should be systematically increased while the recurrent expenditure should be reduced; and there is need to stimulate competition among investors through removal of structural and institutional rigidities and government should design clear policy incentives to private sector investment.
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Goswami, Dr Kailash Bharti. "An Analysis of Growth and Pattern of Revenue and Expenditure in the State of Uttarakhand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46156.
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Abstract: The focus of the paper is to examine trends and growth in state government revenue and expenditures in Uttarakhand. In order to perform its functions i.e. social, economic and general government needs funds that have to be garnered from a variety of sources. Revenue and Expenditure plays a very significant role to achieve the major economic goals of growth, stability, equity and efficiency. The revenue and capital receipts, revenue and capital expenditure of the state determine their ability to deliver services. Weaknesses in revenue and expenditure management could constrain the ability of a state to contribute to poverty reduction and economic development. The importance of public revenue has greatly increased during recent times. This paper reviews key trends in public spending and revenue during this period. The result indicates that the revenue and expenditure of the state government increases from 17% to 23% during study period.
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Loozekoot, André, and Geske Dijkstra. "Public accountability and the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool: an assessment." International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 4 (December 4, 2015): 806–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315597773.
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Since 2005, the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool has been widely used in developing countries and emerging economies to evaluate the performance of public financial management systems. In this article, we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability instrument tool for evaluating public financial accountability. We examine the theoretical literature on public accountability in order to derive a suitable normative framework to assess the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool. However, given that this literature is based on experiences in developed countries, we must extend it to also take into account the political cultures and practices in developing countries. Using this extended framework, we assess the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability indicators related to, in particular, parliamentary committees for financial oversight and Supreme Audit Institutions. We conclude that the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool could devote more attention to the independence of Supreme Audit Institutions, the nature of accountability debates, democratic inclusion and horizontal accountability mechanisms Points for practitioners The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool has been applied in more than 116 countries and its reports offer valuable information for practitioners and researchers around the world. It is the only publicly available data set that measures the performance of financial committees of parliament and Supreme Audit Institutions. The strengths and weaknesses revealed in this article should be taken into account when using the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool for research or for evaluating the quality of financial accountability systems in particular countries. The international financial institutions and donor agencies governing the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Secretariat can use the recommendations of this article to further improve the framework.
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Korres, George M., and Aikaterini Kokkinou. "Public Spending Efficiency." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014100101.
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Public expenditure is efficient if its planning and policy objectives are achieved and inefficient if they are not. Efficiency is measured by an index of observed and desired performance and involves a comparison of actual performance with optimal performance located on the relevant frontier. Research is concerned with the identification of various ways that might depart from efficiency, the specification of an appropriate method of measuring inefficiency, and an exploration of the implications of each type of inefficiency, comprising a) academic interest, b) managerial decision making, and c) public policy relevance. This paper attempts to focus on defining efficient public expenditure performance, investigating the attainment of efficiency, and examining efficiency in public expenditure as a way to recover from the current financial crisis.
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Hagwood, Brian W. "The Hidden Face of Public Expenditure: trends in tax expenditures in Britain." Policy & Politics 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557389782454875.
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Telles, Charles Roberto, Andrea Regina Burakoski da Cunha, Ana Maria Sawaya Chueiri, and Kamila Kuromiya. "Analysis of Oscillations in Continuous Expenditures and Their Multiple Causalities: A Case Study." Public Administration Research 7, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v7n2p40.
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Government expenditures constitute an event of great complexity with respect to the magnitude of financial units and the budget flow involved in each of these units. In this sense, all the financial units that compose the great public expenditure scenario are inserted in heterogeneous contexts considering the dynamics of geographic, social, cultural and political administrative space of a State. The present article seeks to understand the dynamics of public spending in view of the oscillations between years that these expenses present, understanding each type of continuous public expenditure as a nonlinear and complex system in which the causes that generate oscillations in the annual expenses of public services are investigated in the Continuous Services Sector of the Secretary of State for Education of Paraná. The article presented proposes a way of investigating continuous expenditures in a financial and later administrative dimension involving other aspects of management in a multiple causality scenario.
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Yang, Gangqiang, Hong Chen, and Xia Meng. "Regional Competition, Labor Force Mobility, and the Fiscal Behaviour of Local Governments in China." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 24, 2019): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061776.
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At present, China is in a critical period of transition from labor-intensive industries to capital- and technology-intensive industries. Accordingly, the increasing labor force mobility among Chinese cities has promoted competition over production factors among regions, having a significant impact on local governments’ fiscal expenditure structure. A theoretical analysis shows that the competition of livelihood public good expenditures is playing an increasingly important role in the factor flow competition. Different labor forces’ demand for different public goods and local governments’ demand for different labor forces affect the structural preference of local government fiscal expenditures. Based on panel data on Chinese prefecture-level cities in 2010–2016, this paper empirically tests the impact of different labor mobilities on the structure of local government fiscal expenditures, finding that current decision making on labor mobility is increasingly sensitive to the supply of livelihood public goods, and strengthening labor mobility has reversed the expenditure bias historically caused by the government’s simple capital competition. After dividing the mobile labor force based on whether the labor is settled in the current year, the two labor force types’ demand for different livelihood public goods was found to be different. To attract different labor inflows, local governments should promote an increase in relevant livelihood public good expenditures, showing a strategic fiscal expenditure structural bias. Specifically, with increasing new added general labor mobility, local goverments will increase the proportion of fiscal expenditures on education and medical care, combined with the increase of newly added registered labor mobility, which will correspondingly increase the proportion of environmental protection expenditures.
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Ocheni, Stephen I., and Michael Sunday Agba. "Fiscal Decentralisation, Public Expenditure Management and Human Capital Development in Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0016.
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Abstract The paper focuses on fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development in Nigeria. It presents a synergical relationship/nexus between fiscal decentralization, public expenditure management and human capital development and sees fiscal decentralization as an imperative necessity of empowering levels of government with financial resources to bring government closer to the people by the rendition of social services to people within their jurisdictions. The paper further argues that assigned fiscal responsibilities of governmental agencies must be backed up with prudent management of public expenditure (recurrent and capital) which should be aptly targeted at developing the human resources considered as the kingpin of true developmental efforts in any society. Nigeria, a social formation with an estimated population of 180 million persons and the largest economy in Africa has consistently failed in fostering the development of its human capital through budgetary allocations and implementation, fiscal decentralization and public expenditure management. To arrest the trend, the paper calls for a sustained commitment on the part of government in the development of the nation’s resources through sustained budgetary allocations in education, health, agriculture, infrastructural development, training and retraining of workers, power, science and technology and execution of people oriented public programmes/projects.
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Kuzheliev, Mykhailo, Ihor Rekunenko, Alina Nechyporenko, and Guram Nemsadze. "Discretionary budget expenditure in the system of state regulation of the country’s socioeconomic development." Public and Municipal Finance 7, no. 4 (February 5, 2019): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.07(4).2018.02.
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The paper investigates discretionary budget expenditure and determines its role in the system of regulation of country’s socio-economic development. In a very difficult political and socio-economic situation, Ukraine faces an urgent need to finda balance between the amount of functions performed by the state and the level of their financial support. The analysis of the State Budget of Ukraine expenditure according to the functional classification in 2014–2017 has been carried out. In particular, the discretionary budget expenditures (on state functions, economic activity, defense budget expenditures, budget expenditure on public order, security and judiciary; environmental protection, housing and utilities) are carefully analyzed. The purpose of the article is to study trends in financing discretionary budget expenditure and determine their impact on the socio-economic development of a country. Discretionary budget expenditures are the study object. It is determined that socio-economic development of a country requires government to apply progressive forms, methods and principles of expenditure management between the budget system levels. This need is due to the objective necessity to achieve sustainable development of economy and population welfare. The main problems that reduce budget discretionary expenditure effectiveness in the current conditions are investigated and the main directions to improve their financing are offered. The obtained results indicate the need to revise the funding of discretionary budget expenditures depending on the state policy priorities.
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Monadjemi, Mehdi S. "Public and Private Spending: Some Australian Evidence." Economic and Labour Relations Review 6, no. 1 (June 1995): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469500600103.
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This paper examines empirical relationships between government expenditure and private spending in Australia, to see whether government expenditure reduces, or crowds out, private expenditure or encourages it. Particular attention is paid to the effect on private investment expenditure and the possibility of a change occuring in the relationship between public and private is examined. Regression analysis found no significant evidence of crowding out. Public investment was found to compliment private investment in the period before 1974, but not in the period since then.
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Butkus, Mindaugas, Diana Cibulskiene, Lina Garsviene, and Janina Seputiene. "The Heterogeneous Public Debt–Growth Relationship: The Role of the Expenditure Multiplier." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094602.
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Currently countries are facing a new crisis caused by the COVID-19, which leads to the rise of government expenditures and additional borrowing. This situation highlights the importance of examine factors which determine the level of public debt that still sustains economic growth. A growing body of research supports the idea of a non-linear debt–growth relationship and estimates the threshold level above which debt becomes unsustainable and has a negative effect on output. The empirical evidence points out that there is no single sustainable debt threshold level that holds for all countries. This research complements scarce empirical evidence on the heterogeneous debt–growth relationship and provides some insights on the publicly available statistical indicators that might signal a relatively low/high expenditure multiplier and, at the same time, potentially unsustainable/sustainable growth stimulus through the use of borrowed funds. We test the hypothesis that the expenditure multiplier is shaping the impact of public debt on growth. Our empirical examination is based on panel data analysis in the groups of countries with expected relatively high and low expenditure multiplier. Research results show that a statistically significant negative marginal effect of debt on growth starts to manifest at a lower debt-to-GDP ratio when the expenditure multiplier is lower and vice-versa. The study shed some light on the sources of heterogeneity in a debt–growth relationship. We can conclude that countries with a high expenditure multiplier level can borrow more and sustain growth. In contrast, in countries with a lower expenditure multiplier, a relatively low debt level becomes unsustainable for growth.