Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public external debt

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Public external debt'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Public external debt"

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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Public debts of Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 2 (2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1311104.

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This statistical file is concerned with the issue of public debts in Arab countries. It assumes that public debt is a key source to fund the budget deficit in most Arab countries, and the rising public debt, particularly external debt, is increasingly becoming a concern for several countries in the region due to the pressure debt servicing might impose on these countries, which basically suffer an uncomfortable primary balance, in addition to the impact of crises in the region. Table 1 provides indicators on domestic public debts with ratios of debts to GDP, while Table 2 gives figures of exte
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Maganya, Mnaku Honest. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania: An Empirical Investigation." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 6 (2024): 109–20. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(6).12.

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This paper sought to investigate empirically the impact of public debt on economic growth in Tanzania over a period of 1990 to 2023. Toward this objective, a Vector Error Correction Model and Johansen cointegration analysis were employed to test for causal relationships between the variables of interest, including real GDP, external and domestic debt, and external debt services. Being consistent with the Keynesian theory, the domestic debt found to positively affect real output and lasts for one year. However, the empirical results reveal a negative and significant long-run relationship betwee
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Maganya, Mnaku Honest. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania: An Empirical Investigation." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 6 (2024): 109–20. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(6).12.

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This paper sought to investigate empirically the impact of public debt on economic growth in Tanzania over a period of 1990 to 2023. Toward this objective, a Vector Error Correction Model and Johansen cointegration analysis were employed to test for causal relationships between the variables of interest, including real GDP, external and domestic debt, and external debt services. Being consistent with the Keynesian theory, the domestic debt found to positively affect real output and lasts for one year. However, the empirical results reveal a negative and significant long-run relationship betwee
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Razinkova, Мila, Fedir Zhuravka, Natalia Nebaba, Rostislav Botvinov, and Serhiy Voytov. "External public debt management during the wartime: Case of Ukraine." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 4 (2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(4).2023.03.

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Public debt plays a crucial role in the economic development of many countries, the effective management and servicing of the external public debt have become a priority in the financial and economic policy of the state, ensuring the stability of its development. The article aims to develop Ukraine’s external public debt management system during the wartime. As a result of the analysis, the key negative consequences of the impact of external debt growth on Ukraine`s economic security were determined, i.e. economic growth slowdown, increased dependence on creditors, increased costs of the publi
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Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis." American Economic Review 101, no. 5 (2011): 1676–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1676.

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Newly developed historical time series on public debt, along with data on external debts, allow a deeper analysis of the debt cycles underlying serial debt and banking crises. We test three related hypotheses at both “world” aggregate levels and on an individual country basis. First, external debt surges are an antecedent to banking crises. Second, banking crises (domestic and those in financial centers) often precede or accompany sovereign debt crises; we find they help predict them. Third, public borrowing surges ahead of external sovereign default, as governments have “hidden domestic debts
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Kukel, Galina. "World Experience in Regulating External Debt in Conditions of Financial and Economic Instability." Modern Economics 32, no. 1 (2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v32(2022)-06.

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Abstract. Introduction. This article is devoted to the state of public global public debt and new approaches towards its regulation in both developed and developing countries. The theoretical and methodological bases of effective external debt management are considered in the paper. Globalization of the world economy and finance has led to increasing of funds raised in the international debt market and strengthened its part in the system of world finance. Purpose. The subject of this research is public debt in different groups of countries. Analysis of the situation with global public debt and
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Dash, Mihir. "A study of regional trends in external debt in developing economies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (2016): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3).2016.02.

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This study examines the trends in external debt in developing countries across different regions. The variables considered were gross external debt, public and public guaranteed external debt, short-term external debt, and variable rate external debt. The data were collected from the joint BIS-IMF-OECD-World Bank statistics on external debt, pertaining to the period 1995-2014. The results of the study highlight significant regional imbalances in external debt, which may contribute to the risk of sovereign-debt default. East Asia & Pacific region had high level of gross external deb
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Theresa, UDENWA, Agbonma, NWALA Nneka Maurie, ANDAH Ruth, NWEKE Godwin Onwuke, JACOB Zaccheaus, and VINCENT Harrison. "Effect of External Debt on External Reserves in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 07, no. 11 (2023): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2023.71101.

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It is widely held that developing nations are constrained by insufficient funds to build basic infrastructure that would set the pace for capital formation and sustainable growth. Faced with shortfalls in revenue and the need to increase investment in public works, developing countries engage in deficit spending to bridge the gap in funding public expenditure. One source of deficit spending is external debts. This study investigates the effect of external debt on external reserves in Nigeria from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2022. An ex post facto research design was adop
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MAGOMEDVALIEV, M. I. "ВНЕШНИЙ ДОЛГ США И РОССИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ". Экономика и предпринимательство, № 2(151) (31 травня 2023): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.035.

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Public debt is an important aspect of the world's financial system, and its state has an impact on countries' economy. The article examines the evolution of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public external debt management, as well as the current state of the Russian Federation's and the United States' external public debts, as well as a comparison of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public debts. Государственный долг является важным аспектом мировой финансовой системы, и его состояние оказывает влияние на экономику стран. В статье рассматривается эволюция управлен
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Arellano, Cristina, Andrew Atkeson, and Mark Wright. "External and Public Debt Crises." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 30, no. 1 (2016): 191–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/685957.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public external debt"

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Sayed, Tshepo. "Is the growth in Botswana's external public debt sustainable?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5701.

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Masoga, Mamokgaetji Marius. "The impact of public debt on economic growth in South Africa : a cointegration approach." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2421.

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Thesis (M.Com (Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2018<br>The burden of public debt is an economic issue, dominating debates in different sectors of our society. The post financial crisis era has been marked with an increasing level of public debt at international, national and sub-national level. The study investigates if public debt can affect economic growth in South Africa, for the period 1995 to 2016. The results for Johansen test of cointegration signposted the existence of cointegration among variables observed in this study. The trace statistic and max-eigen value complimented each
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Павловська, Є. О. "Реструктуризація зовнішнього державного боргу". Thesis, Донецький державний університет управління, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59636.

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Знання міжнародного досвіду та закономірностей розвитку міжнародних валютно-кредитних відносин мають незаперечне значення для кваліфікованого управління зовнішнім державним боргом України.<br>Knowledge of international best practices and patterns of international monetary relations are undeniable importance for skilled management of the external debt of Ukraine.
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Waheed, Abdul. "The behavior of public external debt in Pakistan : a financial macroeconomic analysis." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6229.

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Rosas, Francisco Flores. "The build-up of Mexico's external public debt, 1976-82 : context, management, and crisis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389828.

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Kim, Young Jae. "Government expenditure and capital accumulation in a developing economy with external debt /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7418.

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Ibraimo, Yasfir Daudo. "The macroeconomic effects of public debt : an empirical analysis of Mozambique." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14577.

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Mestrado em Economia<br>A divida publica tem estado a crescer acentuadamente nos últimos anos, o que sugere um crescimento da despesa publica financiado pela emissão da divida publica em oposição ao uso da tributação. Não tem existido consenso relativamente as implicações económicas da emissão da divida publica para financiar a despesa publica. Esta dissertação investiga de forma empírica os efeitos macroeconómicos da divida publica para o caso de Moçambique para o período do primeiro trimestre de 2001 ao quarto trimestre de 2016. Modelo de Vector Autoregressivo são usados para avaliar os efei
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Mohd, Daud Siti Nurazira. "Issues in international economics : an empirical study on the sustainability, external debt and reserves management." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72293/.

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This thesis consists of three essays related to balance of payment or the external sector issues. These three essays include an analysis of a country’s current account and fiscal sustainability position, the role of external debt in economic growth, and the reserves and debt management. The main intention of the first essay (comprising Chapter 2) is to analyze the sustainability of the current account and fiscal position for high, middle and low income countries. This empirical analysis makes use of various panel unit root and cointegration tests, as well as fixed and random effects estimators
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Реджепов, Т. Я. "Державний борг України: механізм управління та обслуговування". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Redzhepov.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>В роботі висвітлюються соціально економічна сутність державного боргу, його структура, місце та роль у фінансовій системі держави, визначено ризики державного боргу та їх вплив на боргову та фінансову безпеку країни, проведено аналіз стану боргового навантаження: динаміки, структури та причин накопичення державного боргу України., досліджено зарубіжний досвід організації управління державним боргом та можливості застосування його в Україні, запропоновано шляхи удосконалення.<br>The paper co
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Střecha, Michal. "Vývoj zahraniční zadluženosti veřejného sektoru zemí EU a jeho udržitelnost." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264279.

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The public debt is considered as an important indicator of the macroeconomic and financial stability of the domestic economy. It reflects a quality of the fiscal policy and the sustainability of the public finances. The public debt has been recently paid more attention in the context of the last financial and debt crisis initiated in 2008. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the topic of interconnections between budget balances and macroeconomic environment. However, the budget deficit is only a consequence of higher public expenditures than public revenues. Therefore, th
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Books on the topic "Public external debt"

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Diokno, Benjamin E. Philippine public debt management. IMCC, 1992.

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States, United. Public debt limit provisions. U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Victoria. Dept. of Management and Budget., ed. Victorian public sector debt. Dept. of Management and Budget, 1986.

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Fajana, F. Olufemi. Nigeria's debt crisis. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Socio-Economic Research and Planning Division, 1993.

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Shleifer, Andrei. Will the sovereign debt market survive? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group. Public debt investments: How can Uganda achieve returns on debt investment. Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group (CSBAG), 2018.

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Osaze, Bob Es. Domestic debt: Its bondification for national development. The Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria, 2005.

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Sherani, Sakib. Escaping the debt trap: An assessment of Pakistan's external debt sustainability. Asian Development Bank, Pakistan Resident Mission, 2002.

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1946-, Campbell Bonnie K., ed. Political dimensions of the international debt crisis. Macmillan, 1989.

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1946-, Campbell Bonnie K., ed. Political dimensions of the international debt crisis. Macmillan, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public external debt"

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Thegeya, Aaron. "The Impact of Domestic and External Shocks." In Public Debt in Kenya. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003648826-8.

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Vavilov, Andrey. "The External Debt Crisis of the 1990s." In The Russian Public Debt and Financial Meltdowns. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230282087_2.

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Guerrieri, Paolo, and Piero Esposito. "The Determinants of Macroeconomic Imbalances in the Euro Area: The Role of External Performances." In Public Debt, Global Governance and Economic Dynamism. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5331-1_8.

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Ukpe, Udeme Henrietta, Choumbou Raoul Fani Djomo, Sani Mohamadou, and Gama Emmanuel Nkwi. "Public External Debt, Domestic Private Investment, and Agricultural Output Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria." In Agricultural Transformation in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19527-3_12.

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Oellers-Frahm, Karin, and Andreas Zimmermann. "Arbitral Tribunal and Mixed Commission for the London Agreement on German External Debts." In Dispute Settlement in Public International Law. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56626-4_100.

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"External debt stocks, (long-term) public and publicly guaranteed." In United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S). UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/aec89c88-en-fr.

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Eichengreen, Barry. "Oil and Water." In In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter describes how emerging economies rebounded from the late 1980s and reentered the global debt market, building on their experience with Brady bonds. However, the 1997–98 East Asian crisis was a brutal reminder that external borrowing had to be carefully managed. Among the lessons from the crisis was a realization that currency and maturity mismatches exposed governments and banks to serious risks in the event of capital flight. Following the crisis, policymakers in emerging economies accumulated foreign exchange reserves and sought to create local-currency markets for publ
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Eichengreen, Barry. "Managing Problem Debts." In In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on debt crises in the nineteenth century. Lending to sovereigns, then as now, posed risks, especially when governments defaulted on loans contracted abroad. Foreign investors had limited recourse against the sovereign. Defaults spiked in the 1820s, 1870s, and 1890s. Ultimately, however, the market emerged stronger from each crisis. Existing solutions to deter opportunistic sovereigns were revamped, from pledging collateral to external financial control. New institutions, such as investment banks acting as gatekeepers and bondholder committees representing the inte
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Eichengreen, Barry. "Democratization and Globalization." In In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0004.

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Abstract The market in public debt was globalized and democratized in the nineteenth century, when a growing base of retail investors adventured their savings in bonds issued by sovereigns. Spending priorities meanwhile shifted from financing wars to supplying public goods and services. As cities expanded, demands arose for transportation, clean water, sewers, and electricity. In response, governments issued bonds to finance public infrastructure. This transition again illustrates the role of public debt in state building—in lending legitimacy to the state by enabling it to meet the needs of i
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Eichengreen, Barry. "Caveat Emptor." In In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0005.

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Abstract The appetite of investors for foreign government bonds reflected the belief that the projects so funded would yield hard-currency receipts needed to pay the money back. Because foreign finance was devoted to infrastructure investment in the context of an expanding world economy, this expectation was often met. But there also were instances when things went spectacularly awry—where investment projects were ill conceived, bondholders and borrowers were poorly served by banks and promoters, money was squandered, and worse. This chapter presents examples of both outcomes. Japan used its b
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Conference papers on the topic "Public external debt"

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Ganiev, Junus, and Damira Baigonushova. "External Debt Sustainability in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02383.

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After the global financial crisis, there have been serious increases in state debt of most countries. In addition, the debts for economic development are constantly increasing in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. As a result, the sustainability problem of government debt arises. In some countries, such as Kyrgyzstan, a significant portion of government debt is taken from a single country. This situation increases the risk even more. The aim of the study is to analyze the sustainability of state debts comparatively in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. To this end, the current s
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Yanıkkaya, Halit, and Taner Turan. "Does External Debt Matter for Investment: Evidence from GMM." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02139.

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In theory, the main channel which through external debt would affect the growth rate is investment. On the one hand, external debt would boost the investment by providing more resources than domestically available. On the other hand, external debt would create a disincentive effect, as suggested by debt overhang arguments. Since it is not clear which effect will dominate in practice, empirical studies would be helpful to shed light on the issue. Moreover, one can argue that the effect of external debt on the private and public investment does not need to be the same. Therefore, aside from tota
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Keišs, Staņislavs, and Alla Seregina. "The Public Debt of Latvia: Short-Term and Long-Terms Aspects." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.042.

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The article investigates the structure and dynamics of public debt of Latvia for the period from 2006–2016 year. The relevance of the study long-term effects of public debt on the economy of Latvia is predetermined by a significant increase in its volume of low GDP growth rates in recent years. This article discusses conceptual approaches and criteria for evaluation of the public debt. An analysis of the main reasons for the growth of public debt of Latvia after joining the EU, considers its specific characteristics and consequences as compared with the more developed EU countries on the basis
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Fricler, Anhelika, та Elena Tarkhanova. "ВЛИЯНИЕ ВНЕШНЕГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ДОЛГА НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ РОССИИ". У Nacional`naia bezopasnost` Rossii: aktual`nye aspekty: sbornik izbrannyh statei Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferencii (Sankt-Peterburg, Mart 2020). ГНИИ "Нацразвитие", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb184.2020.54.45.006.

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Сегодня практически все государства, в процессе экономических преобразований, прибегают к внешним источникам финансирования, рациональное использование которых способствует укреплению национальной, в том числе экономической, безопасности государства. В статье изучено влияние внешнего государственного долга на экономическую безопасность государства. Проведено исследование объема и структуры внешнего долга, показателей внешней долговой устойчивости России.Today, almost all states, in the process of economic transformation, resort to external sources of financing, the rational use of which helps
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Gockov, Gjorgji, Suzana Makreshanska Mladenovska, and Goran Hristovski. "Analyzing the Snowball Effect on Public Debt Dynamics and Its Determinants: The Case of North Macedonia." In 10th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2024.13.

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Maintaining healthy public finances is essential for financial stability and economic growth. This study examines Macedonian public debt dynamics from 2002 to 2023, focusing on the primary budget balance, the interest-growth differential (snowball effect), and stock-flow adjustments. The snowball effect, where the debt ratio changes based on whether GDP growth surpasses or lags behind interest rates, is emphasized. Recent challenges include sluggish economic growth due to declining external demand and rising food and energy prices, coupled with increasing interest rates, exacerbating the snowb
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Ganiev, Junus, Damira Baigonushova, and Mairam Baigonusheva. "The Impact of Foreign Debt and Foreign Investments on Total Output: Kyrgyzstan Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01998.

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This paper aims to investigate the impact of foreign debt and foreign direct investments on GDP in Kyrgyzstan. Annual data for the period 1995-2016 and the ARDL cointegration approach were used in the study to analyze the relationship between foreign debt, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product. As a result, it was found a cointegration relation between foreign direct investment and GDP. According to the coefficient value, a $1 increase in foreign direct investments leads to a $4.4 increase in total output in the long run. That is, the increase in foreign direct investments makes
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Ferenčak, Miroslav, Dusan Dobromirov, and Mladen Radišić. "ESG AND THE COST OF CAPITAL: EXAMPLES FROM EASTERN EUROPE BANKING INDUSTRY." In INTERNATIONAL Conference on Business, Management, and Economics Engineering Future-BME. Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24867/future-bme-2024-057.

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This paper aims to test the hypothesis that higher ESG scores lead to a lower cost of capital for publicly traded companies in Eastern Europe. In recent years, ESG factors have become increasingly important in the investment industry, influencing the cost of capital for publicly traded companies from banking industry. As companies seeking capital are increasingly scrutinized based on ESG factors, most publicly traded companies publish ESG disclosures and strive to be ESG compliant. Although there is no definitive governing body for ESG, capital providers benchmark companies based on ESG scores
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Karadjova, Vera, and Aleksandar Trajkov. "Basic Components and Indicators in Assessing Country Risk (Selected CEFTA Countries)." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.13.

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Country risk analysis has become extremely important in contem­porary conditions. This paper briefly discusses concepts, definitions, basic components, and some quantitative methods used to address various issues related to country risk in selected CEFTA countries. The paper also presents the indicative calculation of some of the elements and indicators for the selected countries, based on relevant available data, and in order to make a comparative analysis. Having in mind that country risk is a specific and complex macroeconomic risk, its determination and analysis is additionally complicated
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Karatalov, Omurbek. "Open Economy and Economic Integration within the Framework of Eurasia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00633.

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The Kyrgyz Republic economy openness is studied within the framework of the Eurasia. Insufficient level of the financial and economic standing of Kyrgyzstan is clarified. Reasons for Governmental regulating use in the area of monetary, tax and budget policy in USA have been set up. Conditions of the development of industrial countries economy are under consideration. The necessity of financialisation of all capital of country is defined. Kyrgyzstan public budget’s permanent deficiency formation reasons are studied. A necessity of integration economic relations development within the framework
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Dehereagoda, Hansi, and Iresha Subashine Gamage. "The Effect of Timely Delivery of Construction Projects on the Economic Growth in Sri Lanka." In SLIIT 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology. SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/vohq9921.

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Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services in the economy from one time period to the next. Construction, as the sector with the biggest multiplier effect, has helped continue to accelerate Sri Lanka's economic growth. Timely construction output generates socioeconomic growth and wealth generation in a country. Delays are one of the major issues in the construction industry in Sri Lanka, which can have an ultimate impact on the growth of the national economy. Therefore, the research aims at investigating the effect of the late completion of construction projects in
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Reports on the topic "Public external debt"

1

Arellano, Cristina, Andrew Atkeson, and Mark Wright. External and Public Debt Crises. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21456.

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Lora, Eduardo, and Mauricio Olivera. Public Debt and Social Expenditure: Friends or Foes? Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011258.

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This paper assesses the effects of total public debt (external and domestic) on social expenditure worldwide and in Latin America using an unbalanced panel of around 50 countries for the period 1985-2003. The most robust and important finding is that higher debt ratios do reduce social expenditures, as popular opinion holds. Debt displaces social expenditures not so much because it raises the debt burden, but because it reduces the room (or the appetite) for further indebtedness. Loans from multilateral organizations like the World Bank or the Inter-American Development Bank do not seem to ame
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3

Vergara, Rodrigo, and Sebastián Edwards. Fiscal Sustainability, Debt Dynamics and Debt Relief: The Cases of Nicaragua and Honduras. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009172.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between fiscal policy, aggregate public sector debt sustainability, and debt relief. In particular, we develop a methodology to compute the fiscal policy path that is compatible with aggregate debt sustainability in the post-HIPC era (Highly Indebted Poor Countries relief initiative). This model explicitly considers the role of domestic debt, and quantifies the extent to which future debt sustainability depends on the availability of concessional loans at subsidized interest rates. The working of the model is illustrated for the cases of
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4

Park, Donghyun, Arief Ramayandi, and Shu Tian. Debt Buildup and Currency Vulnerability: Evidence from Global Markets. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200289-2.

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In this study, we examine how public and private debt buildup is related to currency depreciation pressure. Our empirical analysis of a panel dataset of 59 advanced and emerging markets reveals that both private and public debt exacerbate currency vulnerability. However, the evidence of a significant effect on currency depreciation pressure is more robust and consistent for private debt than public debt. Furthermore, we find that excessive private debt buildup can be particularly harmful in emerging markets. In addition, our evidence suggests that greater dependence on external financing exace
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5

Islam, Wajid, and Junaid Ahmed. To Borrow or Not to Borrow: Empirical Evidence from the Public Debt Sustainability of Pakistan. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/mowj8135.

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We aim to evaluate the public debt sustainability of Pakistan using the debt sustainability analysis (DSA) framework and fiscal reaction function (FRF). For the empirical analysis, we use relevant important macroeconomic variables, such as public debt, external debt, primary balance, output growth, current account balance, and oil prices, over the period 1976–2021. The results of the DSA suggest that, at the 10% growth rate with a real interest rate lower than 10%, the public debt level can be brought under the 60% standard sustainable limit from the current 80% by the year 2030. Furthermore,
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6

Valencia, Oscar, Luis Alberto Rodriguez, and Juan Pablo Siachoque. Fiscal Rules and Optimal Currency Composition of Sovereign Debt in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004723.

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Total public debt in most emerging markets grew before and after the pandemic with a sizable share in foreign currency. Along this trend, interest payments increased even in the presence of active fiscal rules in some countries. How should debt management of public debt be set under a fiscal rule? This document studies how optimal currency composition reduces the cost of debt and facilitates fiscal rule compliance but increases budget risk. Using a small open economy model, we provide evidence that optimal foreign currency holdings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico depart considerably from observ
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7

Navajas, Fernando, and Marcelo Catena. Oil & Debt Windfalls and Fiscal Dynamics in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008742.

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During 2004-06 Bolivia experienced a five-fold increase in oil revenues due to tax/ contractual innovations, higher prices and larger volumes at the same time that a multi-lateral debt reduction initiative trimmed roughly one third of the public external debt. The political economy setting of this environment entails a new hydrocarbons law that automatically decentralize expenditure to local governments and nationalization of the oil industry. This paper presents a model of fiscal dynamics in Bolivia in a stochastic framework and finds that the new status-quo will generate double reversions of
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Caballero, Ricardo J. Structural Volatility in Argentina: A Policy Report. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010781.

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The author identifies sources of volatility in Argentina that include weak international financial links, a recurrent credit crunch and financial underdevelopment problem, a fragile fiscal situation, and a pervasive profit and collateral squeeze mechanism brought about by a rigid labor market and exchange rate system. The paper's policy recommendations include improving external financial links, continuing and accelerating the path of domestic financial deepening, giving very high priority to the reduction of the public debt burden problem, and addressing the fundamental incompatibility betwee
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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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10

Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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