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Dragicevic, Arnaud. "Mécanismes de Marché et Évaluation des Biens Publics Environnementaux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630027.
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Nous abordons dans un premier chapitre la question de l'équivalence entre le CAP et le CAR. La disparité entre les deux indices a de profondes conséquences sur les prises de décision environnementales. Si la disparité était au départ associée aux carences de la méthode de mise en œuvre des enquêtes, les racines du problème s'avèrent être sensiblement plus profondes. Eu égard à l'évaluation des biens publics, nous pensons que la disparité est due à la substituabilité imparfaite entre les biens privés et publiques, ainsi qu'en raison de perceptions différenciées des agents économiques entre gains et pertes. C'est à cette problématique que le premier chapitre se consacre. Ainsi, le Chapitre 1 traite de la disparité entre les indices CAP et CAR dans l'évaluation hors-marché. Dans la littérature, l'effet de substitution et l'effet de dotation sont tenus responsables de l'existence des disparités. Nous montrons que la substituabilité imparfaite dans la fonction d'utilité indirecte peut provoquer la disparité soit entre le CAP et le CAR - en raison du coût d'opportunité -, soit entre les gains et les pertes, où il s'agit d'évaluer une perte sèche. La mesure en termes relatifs accentue la substituabilité imparfaite, mais l'effet de substitution est borné dans le modèle d'aversion aux pertes. Ce premier chapitre prépare le terrain pour le Chapitre 2, où nous évaluons un vrai bien public dans un contexte d'enchères expérimentales. Les offres d'achat et de vente reflètent le CAP et le CAR, d'où leur importance. L'effet de dotation et le choix du meilleur mécanisme d'enchères y sont examinés. Les études en enchères expérimentales jusqu'ici menées ont porté sur des biens privés non marchands ; elles sont supposées divulguer ce qui se passerait en présence de biens publics, car il est a priori difficile d'envisager une expérience où le bien public est échangé. Nous y parvenons. Nous n'employons pas de valeurs induites mais laissons libre cours aux valeurs autoproduites par les sujets d'étude recrutés pour l'occasion. L'étude nous permet de vérifier si, sur des marchés simulés, bien privé non marchand et bien public sont évalués de manière identique. Ainsi, nous évaluons l'impact de trois mécanismes d'enchère - le mécanisme Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM), l'enchère au deuxième prix, et l'enchère aléatoire au nième prix - dans l'évaluation des CAP et CAR privés d'un bien public pur. Nos résultats montrent que l'effet de dotation peut être éliminé en répétant le mécanisme BDM. Néanmoins, à l'échelle logarithmique, l'enchère aléatoire au nième prix donne la vitesse de convergence vers l'égalité des indices de bien-être la plus élevée. Plus généralement, nous observons que les sujets d'étude évaluent les biens publics en se référant à l'avantage privé et subjectif qui résulte du financement du bien public. Par la suite, le Chapitre 3 discute de la sincérité des préférences en enchères expérimentales répétées et traite des propriétés incitatives des mécanismes BDM et l'enchère aléatoire au nième prix. Une propriété des mécanismes d'enchères est la compatibilité avec les incitations, dans laquelle un offreur a une stratégie faiblement dominante de soumettre une offre égale à sa valeur. Il a été prouvé que les deux mécanismes sont compatibles avec les incitations. En évaluation, on répète des sessions d'enchères pour donner aux offreurs l'opportunité d'apprendre le mécanisme de marché : leur donner du temps pour révéler leurs préférences. Or, ce procédé les contre-incite à adapter leurs préférences en fonction des prix publiquement signalés, si bien qu'il crée un risque de licitation stratégique (par opposition aux offres sincères). Si les offreurs s'engagent dans des stratégies déviantes pour faire face à l'incertitude sur la valeur du bien public, les mécanismes d'enchères perdent leur propriété de compatibilité avec les incitations et révèlent de fausses préférences. Lorsque les prix dépendent des offres soumises, c'est-à-dire en présence de mécanismes de marché répétés avec prix de compensation endogènes, l'hypothèse de l'indépendance des valeurs privées - sous-jacente à la compatibilité avec les incitations - est remise en question ; même si ce type de mécanismes fournit une participation active et un apprentissage du marché. Dans sa vision orthodoxe, le comportement marchand d'adaptation met en péril la compatibilité avec les incitations. Nous introduisons un modèle qui montre que les enchérisseurs licitent suivant l'heuristique d'ancrage et d'ajustement, dépendante d'une fonction de pondération séquentielle, laquelle prend en compte les contraintes de compatibilité avec les incitations sans rejeter les prix signalés issus des autres offres. En déviant de leur ancrage dans le sens du signal public, les enchérisseurs opèrent dans un équilibre corrélé. Comme le prouve l'expérience du Chapitre 2, les contributions privées aux biens publics sont issues d'une démarche d'évaluation. Elles sont conduites aussi bien par des incitations asociales que sociales. Si l'offre privée du bien public est stimulée à la fois par une rationalité qui dicte de ne pas contribuer au bien public et de profiter de l'effort fourni par la collectivité, et par l'appétit pour la reconnaissance sociale qui incite à se faire publiquement connaître en tant que généreux donateur, laquelle des deux motivations domine ? Le Chapitre 4 fait ainsi la comparaison entre déculpabilisation et compétition pour le statut social dans la provision privée des biens publics. Lorsque les agents sont intrinsèquement impulsés, c'est-à-dire qu'ils contribuent essentiellement aux biens publics dans le but de soulager leur culpabilité d'avoir indirectement participé à leur dégradation, ils tendent à se comporter en passagers clandestins. En revanche, lorsque les agents sont extrinsèquement impulsés et se mettent en compétition pour atteindre du statut social qu'ils visent par le financement des biens publics à titre privé, leurs contributions deviennent des compléments stratégiques. Dans ce cas, le niveau agrégé des biens publics croît avec la réduction des écarts de revenus entre les agents. Injecter de la compétition pour le statut social dans des fonctions d'utilité augmente les contributions aux biens publics, et donc leur niveau global, faisant de la concurrence une incitation féconde pour résoudre le problème du passager clandestin.
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Steurer, Erin. "A Private Commodity or Public Good? A Comparative Case Study of Water and Sanitation Privatization in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1993-2006." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002376.
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Pereckaitė, Agnė. "Koncesijų taikymo galimybės Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20140623_174907-34242.
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Per XX a. paskutinius dešimtmečius viešojo ir privataus sektorių santykis gerokai pasikeitė. Tradiciškai viešojo sektoriaus veiklos sričiai priskirtų paslaugų teikimui ar infrastruktūros modernizavimui ir plėtimui imta naudoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystę. Koncesija yra vienas iš partnerystės modeliu. Ją galima apibūdinti kaip susitarimą tarp viešojo ir privataus sektorių, kurio tikslas sujungti viešuosius ir privačius išteklius, siekiant realizuoti viešosios politikos tikslus. Lietuvoje koncesijos, lyginant su kitomis valstybėmis, yra naujas reiškinys, neturintis tradicijų ir patirties. Viešosios institucijos retai nusprendžia investicijas pritraukti koncesijos sutarčių pagrindu. Šio darbo objektas yra koncesija. Tikslas - išnagrinėti koncesijų taikymo galimybes Lietuvoje. Tikslo pasiekimui iškelti trys uždaviniai, kurie nulėmė darbo struktūrą. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą ir taikant apibendrinimo metodą nagrinėjamos ekonominės – socialinės viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės atsiradimo prielaidos ir partnerystės sąvoka. Antrojoje dalyje, analizuojant viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės taikymo galimybes atliekama mokslinės literatūros ir informacinių šaltinių analizė, taikomas klasifikavimo ir sisteminimo metodas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje vertinant koncesijų taikymo galimybės atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas, suformuluojami pagrindiniai klausimai, atliekama norminių teisės aktų ir informacinių šaltinių lyginamoji analizė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Infrastructure has been traditionally viewed as a natural monopoly under the management, control, financial responsibility of the central and local government. However, various countries of the world have shown a growing interest in Concessions (one of the Public Private Partnership model) over the last two decades. Concession is arrangement in which the public and private sectors join together to produce and deliver goods and services. It is a sufficiently new phenomenon in Lithuania and some shortcomings are noticeable in its application. The object of this thesis is Concession. The aim of work is to analyze possibilities to apply the concession in Lithuania. Three tasks were established for the realizing the goal meanwhile determining the structure of thesis. In the first part of thesis there is analysed Public Private Partnership, as phenomena, using analysis of academic literature. In the second part, by using analysis of special and statistical literature, there are analysed subjects influencing Public Private Partnership and experience of various countries of the world in the developing Partnership policy. Situation in Lithuania by excluding main prerequisites for developing concessions is analysed in the third part, using qualitative analysis of academic and special literature, laws, conference materials, comparative, case study methods and quantitative analysis by carrying out a survey of Municipalities opinion. Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects has shown... [to full text]
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Banerjee, Anwesha. "Three essays on private contributions to a public good." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0109.
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Cette thèse de doctorat met en avant les facteurs différentes qui influencent les contributions volontaires à un bien public. Le premier article présente un modèle général de contributions à un bien public dans lequel les individus d’un groupe ont des préférences altruistes vers les autres membres de leur groupe. De plus, j’examine un deuxième modèle où les membres peuvent donner des transferts de revenus privés aux autres membres en plus de contribuer au bien public. Sous la séparabilité additive des fonctions d’utilité, je trouve que l’équilibre (Nash) du modèle avec des transferts est étroitement lié à l’équilibre du modèle sans transferts. Dans le deuxième article, co-écrit avec mon directeur de thèse Nicolas Gravel, j’analyse l’impact de la distribution de croyances des agents sur les contributions à un bien public. Nous construisons un modèle où il existe une incertitude quant à l’avantage d’un bien public. Les individus ont des croyances hétérogènes à propos de cet avantage. Nous supposons que les contributeurs ont des préférences savagiennes qui sont représentées par une fonction d’utilité espéré dépendante de deux états. Les individus ont des croyances différentes au sujet du bénéfice qui résultant de la somme de leurs contributions. Le troisième article utilise les données d’une expérience de laboratoire pour étudier comment les contributions à un bien public sont affectes lorsque les sujets sont confrontés à une incertitude quant à l’avantage du bien public. De plus, je compare le cas où les sujets diffèrent dans l’avantage qu’ils retirent d’un bien public avec le cas où l’avantage est homogèneThis doctoral thesis highlights the different factors that influence voluntary contributions to a public good. Chapter 1 presents a general model of private provision of a public good where individuals in a group have altruistic preferences towards other members of their group. Moreover, I examine a second model where members can give private transfers of income to other members they care about, in addition to contributing to the public good. Under additive separability of the utility functions, I find the Nash equilibrium of the model with transfers is closely connected to the equilibrium of the model without transfers. The threshold level of income of the model without transfers and the income of the poorest individual in the group together play a key role in determining the existence of private transfers of income. Chapter 2 examines how voluntary contributions to a public good are affected by the contributors’ heterogeneity in beliefs about the uncertain impact of their contributions. It assumes that contributors have Savagian preferences that are represented by a two-state- dependent expected utility function and different beliefs about the benefit that will result from the sum of their contributions. Chapter 3 uses data from a laboratory experiment to study how contributions to a public good are affected when subjects face uncertainty regarding the benefit from the public good. In addition, I contrast the case when subjects differ in the benefit they get from a public good with when the benefit is homogeneous. I investigate whether heterogeneity in benefits affects contributions differently under certainty and uncertainty
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Bonic, Stephanie Alexis. "Educational value is not private! : defending the concept of public education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1111.
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The privatization of K-12 education in Canada is not new. The public and private sectors feel like natural elements of the Canadian education system because they have existed side by side since confederation. However, this thesis challenges that tradition and argues that private education undermines collective responsibility for education as a shared, public good by catering to private interests and isolating students from the public realm. Not only does private education reinforce the likelihood of socio-economic stratification, but the concept of a “public good” is increasingly destabilized as social services like education are privatized. Why, then, does the privatization of K-12 education continue to be an insignificant political issue in Canada?
This question is particularly pertinent at a time when neoliberalism is in full swing in the United States, and all the time more apparent in Canada. Neoliberalism’s emphasis on the precedence of economic ideals over concerns for social welfare and democratic participation has transformed the way that we understand “value”. Drawing on a broad range of scholars including Charles Taylor, Richard Pildes, Janice Gross Stein, Henry Giroux, Francois-Lyotard and Michel Foucault, this thesis argues that the values involved in the very concept of private education reinforce, and are reinforced by, neoliberal views about the place of the individual within society, and that these values are detrimental to the concern for education as shared, public good.
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Hendricks, Ebrahiem. "Towards Good Corporate Governance in South Africa: Private Enforcement versus Public Enforcement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4631.
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For the past six and half years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the reform of South African company law. The reform process commenced in September 2003, when the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) initiated a reform programme that included a review of existing securities regulation and, of corporate structures and practices in the area of corporate governance. Subsequently, in March 2004 (and updated in June 2004) the DTI published a policy document on corporate law reform entitled 'South African Company Law for the 21st Century: Guidelines for Corporate Law Reform'. This policy paper explained that company law in South Africa would be reviewed and modernised. The objectives of the reform process were to align it with international trends and to accommodate the economic and legislative changes that have taken place in South Africa since the advent of democracy in 1994. The policy paper also explained that this reform process would occur in two stages. Firstly, urgent interim changes would be brought by the Corporate Law Amendment Act No 24 of 2006. The Act provided for, amongst others, assistance to acquire shares and greater protection of minority shareholders in respect of takeovers .The Act came into effect on 14 December 2007. Secondly, the new Companies Act will repeal and replace the entire Companies Act No 61 of 1973, when it becomes operational.
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Urquhart, Julie. "Public benefits from private forests and woodland in England : investigating the opportunities for public good enhancement." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2009. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3191/.
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Public goods such as environmental conservation, amenity and carbon sequestration are increasingly emphasised in forest policy agendas. However, many public benefits in woodlands have occurred incidentally, rather than on the basis of socio-economic logic and often at locations relatively inaccessible to major centres of population. In fact, data reveal a concentration of privately owned woodland in densely populated areas, especially in central and southern England, and that woodland is often factored into residential location decisions and lifestyle behaviours. However, the provision of public goods is likely to be contingent on the value systems of private forest and woodland owners and their flexibility of response to measures promoted under the devolved forest strategies. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to construct a robust typology of private woodland owners with respect to their willingness and ability to deliver public good benefits in three study areas in England: the Lake District, Cornwall and the High Weald AONB. Building on an exploratory scoping study, Q Methodology interviews were conducted with 10 woodland owners in each study area, followed by a self-completion survey, administered using Dillman's Total Design Method. Data from 600 woodland owners was subjected to a Factor and Cluster Analysis, with the emergent model validated using Discriminant Analysis. Six discrete private woodland owner types were revealed: Individualists, Multifunctional Owners, Private Consumers, Conservationists, Investors and Amenity Owners. Important distinctions between owner groups are associated with the likely provision of particular benefits and disbenefits, and the classification suggests that a move from a production versus consumption/protection framework to one that includes intersecting goals may be more appropriate. Policy implications are discussed to facilitate use of the typology in targeting particular woodland owner groups with more nuanced policy mechanisms, including incentive schemes, market mechanisms and advisory services.
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Osborne, Benjamin. "Private morality versus the public good : Ebenezer Ward and South Australia, 1880-1881 /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro814.pdf.
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Abiwu, Napoleon. "Private sector involvement in urban water supply management, Ghana." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9882.
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The performance of public utilities in low-income countries with respect to service to all customers, and particularly lower-income urban consumers, is understood to be limited in many cases. The Government of Ghana chose to implement a private sector management contract in order to deliver significant change in service delivery and financial viability. The five year management contract with Aqua Vitens Rand Limited ran from 2006 to 2011 and was not renewed. This study investigates the public utility outcomes, both as a state owned corporation and a state owned limited liability Company, and compares those outcomes with the achievements of the private operator through a Management Contract. The latter two management models operated under the oversight of the newly formed economic regulator, the Public Utility Regulatory Commission in 1999 and any effect of that regulation is considered. The hypothesis of the study developed in 2008 was that “a management contract would not provide the necessary level of empowerment, incentives and commitment and access to resources for a private operator to adequately and efficiently perform even where there is an established economic regulator with a clear mandate”. The case study approach was employed for the study data was gathered on the operations, activities, regulation and management of the urban water utility through documentary review, key-informant interviews, household surveys, public hearing meetings and user observations. However, three major cities including Accra, Kumasi and Tamale were used for the household survey. These three cities were carefully picked out taking into account the political, economic, geographical, social and cultural significance that each of the them represents and commands in Ghana.
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Tan, Kwan Chong. "Stimulating carbon efficient supply chains : carbon labels and voluntary public private partnerships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52752.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-163).
This thesis looks at the potential of labeling products with life cycle greenhouse gas emission information as a bottom-up, complementary alternative to carbon cap and trade systems. By improving the transparency of product carbon footprint information, a market for low carbon intensity products can be created. The conduct of such product life cycle assessments often allows companies to uncover cost effective emission reduction opportunities typically in the order of 10%-20%. Society benefits both from the increased supply chain efficiency of these companies as well as the heightened awareness of climate change among consumers as companies communicate these information to them. An examination of the history of the development of the nutritional label and various eco-labels in the U.S. highlights the importance of timely government intervention in setting guidelines and standards to prevent companies from misleading consumers with unsubstantiated product health or environmental claims. Case studies of current carbon labeling initiatives worldwide demonstrate the benefits of government affiliation in building credibility during their early stages. This affiliation helps in attracting the participation of large established companies who provide strong reinforcing effects that are crucial to the growth and success of new initiatives. There is still lack of consensus about the ideal format for a carbon label. A seal of approval type label could be ideal to attract companies in the initial stages which can later be succeeded by an information disclosure based format as more consumers start to understand the meaning of product carbon footprints in the future.
(cont.) Voluntary public private partnerships have been used extensively by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These partnerships can serve as a potential model for a future carbon labeling initiative in the U.S. The SmartWay Transport Partnership is highlighted as a successful program both in terms of membership growth and emissions saved. System Dynamics modeling is applied as a tool to aid in understanding how the structure of such programs is critical to their success and is demonstrated as a method to potentially quantify the benefits of these programs prior to their actual implementation.
by Kwan Chong Tan.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Varrasso, Theresea. "Hope Springs Eternal: Private Colleges, the State, and the Common Good." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1525705395518837.
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Swartz, Rebecca. ""Good citizens and gentlemen" : public and private space at the South African College, 1880-1918." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11019.
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This thesis examines the nature of the distinction between public and private space at the South African College (SAC) between 1880 and 1918. By viewing the College within increasingly wide lenses of analysis, examining the micro-level of student experience, to situating the College within its immediate, national and imperial location, the thesis indicates the ways in which institutions should be seen as products of, and permeable to, their historical contexts. Chapter one begins by examining the gendered identity formation of the College students. This is followed by an in-depth examination of the role of the College Council, in particular, in the "public" life of the Cape, and also in the "private" decision making processes within the College.
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Pérard, Edouard. "Water privatization : an analysis of the choice between public and private water supply." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0048.
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Cette thèse porte sur la privatisation des infrastructures d’eau et vise à expliquer le choix entre gestion publique et privée des services d’eau. La thèse est divisée en sept chapitres. Après l'introduction, le deuxième chapitre présente les caractéristiques économiques des infrastructures d'eau et le développement de la participation du secteur privé dans ce secteur dans le monde. Le troisième chapitre passe en revue la littérature économique sur les privatisations. Le quatrième chapitre présente les résultats de 112 études empiriques sur la différence d’efficience entre le secteur public et le secteur privé. Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous développons une théorie complète du choix entre gestion publique et privée des infrastructures d’eau. Cette théorie repose sur quatre éléments : la différence de coût du capital entre le privé et le public, les coûts de transaction, la différence d'efficience et le coût politique des privatisations. Dans le sixième chapitre nous testons la théorie développée sur un ensemble de données de 459 comtés américains d'une population globale de plus de 53 millions d'habitants dans 45 Etats. Le septième chapitre conclut sur les déterminants du choix entre gestion publique et privée des infrastructures d'eau. Ce choix est déterminé par le coût du capital, notamment le coût social marginal de l'impôt, les coûts de transaction, la différence d’efficience et le coût politique des privatisationsThis dissertation investigates the issue of water privatization and aims to explain the choice between public and private water supply by answering the two following questions. What does drive municipalities’ choice of delegating water supply to private operators? Symmetrically, when water systems have been delegated to private providers, what determinants can explain the discontinuation of private water provision and the municipalization of private water networks? This thesis is divided into seven chapters. Following the introduction, the second chapter presents the characteristics of the water infrastructure sector and the scope of private sector participation in water supply around the world. The third chapter reviews the economic literature on privatization. The fourth chapter surveys 112 empirical studies on the difference in efficiency between the public and the private sector. The fifth chapter proposes a complete theory of the choice between public and private water supply based on four components: difference of cost of funds, transaction costs of outsourcing, difference in efficiency and potential political cost of privatizing. The sixth chapter deals with the econometric test of the theory developed in the fifth chapter on a dataset of 459 US counties of an overall population of more than 53 million inhabitants in 45 States. The seventh chapter concludes on the determinants of the choice between public and private drinking water. This choice is determined by the cost of funds, especially the marginal social cost of taxes, transaction costs, the difference in efficiency and the potential political cost of privatizing
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Kavela, Lukas Tangeni Taukondjo. "Applicability of public-private partnership in provision of water infrastructure to central coastal Namibia mines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015641.
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This study investigated the potential application of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water supply, taking cognisance of the water demand and supply in the Central Coastal Namibian (CCN) mines. NamWater does not meet demand for the existing and planned mines in the CCN. Primary objective was to investigate and analyse water demand and supply as well as the effectiveness of PPP as a solution by exploring its potential, successes and challenges. In order to obtain relevant information, literature review was used to collect evidence on water demand and supply in the north-central Namibia as well as the application of PPP in provision of water supply. Multi-case studies were carried out on three operational mines, namely; Rio Tinto Rössing Uranium Mine, Langer Heinrich Uranium Mine and Areva Trekkopje Uranium Mine to attain empirical data on water supply requirements. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data supplemented by interviews with NamWater, operational mines within the study area, government institutions, and knowledgeable consultants on water and the mining environment. The key findings included: institutional weaknesses and lack of legislation frameworks to support PPP projects; skills shortage; and financing problems were identified as major challenges. Results further show that these problems could be resolved by effectively implementing a PPP approach, whereby the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) enters into a contract with the public authority. The study concludes that there is a need to increase water output to meet current and future supply requirements to these mines. This situation should be addressed by all stakeholders, from government to private sectors. The study recommends that a sea water desalination plant should be developed to increase water capacity supply to the existing operational and prospective mines in the area. The PPP approach is proposed as a possible solution to water supply infrastructure service delivery problem to ensure long-term water security in the CCN mines.
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Salleh, Hasnul Bin Mohamad. "Evaluation of non-revenue water and leakage in public and private water supply systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/525.
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Winij, Ruampongpattana. "RISK ALLOCATION IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIQUIDITY SUPPLY." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225575.
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Carey, James. "A critique of selected key aspects of Hayek's 'The mirage of social justice'." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391277.
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Brokenburr, Shenita. "The public-private partnership [electronic resource] : community college participation in workforce boards /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Higher, Adult and Lifelong Education, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-156). Also issued in print.
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Isling, Pär. "Striden om skolan : Den politiska debatten om friskolor i media 1996 och 2006." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Teacher Education in Swedish and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18602.
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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur den politiska debatten kring friskolor fördes under åren 1996 och 2006 i Sveriges tre största dagstidningar. I studien undersöks även vilka argument de politiska agitatorerna använder sig av i ledar- och debattartiklar och vilka politiska skiljelinjer som kan åskådliggöras. Vidare vill uppsatsen undersöka hur den politiska diskursen påverkas av debattörernas avsikter och handlingsutrymme. Uppsatsen vilar på en kvalitativ grund där de artiklar som studerats valts ut utifrån en ämnesmässig relevans. Den hermeneutiska metoden har använts i studien för att kunna tolka det skriva på en objektiv grund. I uppsatsen beskrivs friskolornas historiska bakgrund och hur politiken har sett och ser på friskolorna. Uppsatsen visar att den politiska debatten kring friskolor i dagstidningarna handlar om vem som skall ha makten över utbildningen d.v.s. om huvudmannaskapet över skolan skall tillhöra staten eller familjen. I åren som uppsatsen undersöker märks hur den politiska debatten under 1996 mer kännetecknas av en övergripande ideologisk strid om skolan. Under 2006 finns denna konflikt kvar men utifrån andra förtecken där politiker kan agera på ett mer friare sätt i förhållande till sitt eget partis uppfattning i frågan.
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Åström, Anne. "Den svenska hemundervisningsdebatten 2000-2015 : En kvalitativ textanalys." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306659.
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Den här uppsatsen redogör för en kvalitativ textanalys av svensk hemundervisningsdebatt mellan åren 2000 och 2015. Det empiriska materialet bestående av 17 insändare, debattartiklar och ledare från en variation av svensk dagsmedia har analyserats med hjälp av systematisk-logisk analys samt kritisk ideologianalys. Syftet med undersökningen är att analysera debatten. Resultatet visar att argument som förekommer i debatten kan sorteras in under fyra teman: Barnet och familjen, Hemmets plats i samhället, Skolans plats i samhället samt Samhällets grund. Resultatet visar också att argument för hemundervisning liksom argument mot hemundervisning förekommer i alla teman. De framkomna argumenten har via de fyra konstruerade temana analyserats i relation till två teoretiska begrepp, public good och private good. Diskussionen av undersökningsresultatet visar att argument inom de två förstnämnda temana tenderar att vara ”mer” private good medan argument inom de två sistnämnda temana tenderar att vara ”mer” public good.
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Roehrich, Jens Kurt. "The dynamics of inter-organisational governance : contractual and relational mechanisms in public-private supply arrangements." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520327.
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This research investigates the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms in long-term supply arrangements. The thesis contributes to an emerging debate that examines the combination of contractual and relational governance in inter-organisational exchanges. Contractual and relational governance mechanisms have been positioned as precluding mechanisms, which may result in destructive effects if combined for governing inter-organisational relationships. Previous research studies have increasingly acknowledged that the use of contractual mechanisms does not exclude the use of relational mechanisms and vice-versa. However, the recent literature offers limited insights into the dynamic interaction of both inter-organisational governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. The analysis in this research utilises a conceptual framework and a number of theoretical lenses through which the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms is explained. Based on empirical case analysis of six public-private supply arrangements across three sectors: healthcare, waste management and emergency services, the research explores the dynamic interplay of both governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. Retrospective case study data was collected deploying semi-structured interviews and the critical incident technique was used to investigate the governance interplay over time. The contribution to knowledge is a conceptual framework that refines contractual and relational governance components in supply relationships over time. The findings indicate the importance of the interplay between inter-personal and inter-organisational trust in combination with complex contracts and intermediate contractual agreements. From this the conclusion is drawn that organisations entering into long-term supply relationships need to deploy both contractual and relational governance mechanisms in combination in order to achieve better overall performance.
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Shabandari, Gajane. "Värdegrund och likabehandling i en konfessionell skola : En fallstudie av Livets Ords Kristna Skola." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226057.
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Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera på vilka grunder en konfessionell skola utformar sin värdegrund och arbete mot kränkande behandling, utifrån en fallstudie av Livets Ords Kristna Skola. Dessa frågeställningar är grunden till uppsatsens syfte: På vilka argument grundar skolan sin målsättning och likabehandlingsplan? Hur präglas skolans värdegrundsarbete av den religiösa profilen? Vilka texter hänvisar skolan till i sina dokument? Är innehållet i dokumenten förenligt med den aktuella läroplanens värdegrund? Hur framträder konsekvenserna av föräldrars rätt till att välja utbildning i dokumenten? Den metod som har använts är en systematiserande kvalitativ textanalys med målet att klargöra tankestrukturen i texterna. Detta för att belysa och förstå det viktigaste i texternas innehåll. Resultatet visar att dokumenten är präglade av kristna värderingar men även demokratiska värderingar som är förenliga med den aktuella läroplanen. Olika styrdokument ger olika intryck vad gäller konfessionella skolors legitimitet. Innehållet i de analyserade dokumenten pekar mot att föräldrarätten är dominerande och en förutsättning för konfessionella skolors existens med hjälp av rättigheter som finns skrivna i FN:s allmänna deklaration och Europakonventionen.
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Rudebeck, Thérèse. "Corporations as custodians of the public good? : exploring the intersection of corporate water stewardship and global water governance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275840.
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This thesis is about Global Water Governance (GWG) – an overarching normative framework by which water management practices across all scales may be guided. More specifically, it seeks to develop an understanding of how Corporate Water Stewardship (CWS), and its facilitation of the inclusion of companies’ perspectives to address water issues, affects GWG. Understood as a form of market environmentalism – a doctrine premised on mutual synergies between environmental conservation and economic growth – CWS provides a channel for companies to participate in, as well as spearhead, a quest for more sustainable water management within and beyond their own operations. Despite a proliferation of activities undertaken by companies, CWS has attracted limited scholarly attention, and an overarching analysis of the effects that mounting corporate involvement has had on the global water discourse has so far been absent from scholarly debates. This research draws on over 500 documents published by companies, NGOs, and other organisations, alongside 50 interviews with key practitioners. It specifically questions: (i) the empirical context through which CWS emerged; (ii) the manner in which companies from various sectors conceptualise water and its management; (iii) the way CWS endeavours are legitimised and; (iv) the mechanisms through which companies exert influence. Chapters 4 to 8 comprise an analysis of the main research findings. Chapter 4 investigates why companies are interested in water issues, how companies frame them, and how CWS could materialise. Chapters 5 and 6 address how companies from different sectors engage in CWS in the contexts of water resources management, and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). Chapter 7 turns attention to how companies draw on non-conventional sources of authority to legitimise their activities, and Chapter 8 analyses how CWS influences GWG. When taken holistically, the thesis attests to the key point that the inclusion of companies in solving water issues matters; their presence changes the status quo of water governance. More importantly, the thesis goes beyond such assertions by pointing towards how it matters. It finds that, as a result of corporate involvement, water is being reconceptualised from an environmental and social risk to society, to an economic risk for businesses. Moreover, although companies may not be doing this in an ill-intentioned way, the research suggests that when they participate in water interventions, they alter GWG by promoting the commercialisation of water management, the valuation of water risk, and the liberalisation of water governance. Thus, although the involvement of companies may contribute to improving the management and governance of water across all scales, their involvement has to be matched with proper ‘checks and balances’ to ensure that CWS serves the public good, rather than simply contributing to private profit.
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Dell'Aera, Anthony D. "Prescription drug regulation and the art of the possible : reconciling private interest and public good in American health care policy." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318305.
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Wijaya, Andy Fefta, and wija0002@flinders edu au. "Water as a Public Good in Indonesia: An evaluation of water supply service performance in an Indonesian water supply enterprise as a means to address social and environmental justice concerns." Flinders University. Flinders Institute of Public Policy and Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060522.144632.
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A water supply service can be seen as a public or private good, but this thesis
makes the argument that water is vital for society and so to ensure accountability it is
important that water governance includes citizens' participation for social and
environmental justice concerns. Public goods are generally defined as goods and
services that are provided by 'means of public policy' (Lane, 1993, p. 21), or
'collective political choice' (Stretton & Orchard, 1994, p. 54) rather than by means of
an individual market mechanism in which private goods are usually provided.
This thesis addresses the function of water as a public good. If social and
environmental goals of water use are ignored, the implications can be detrimental
particularly for the poorest members of society. An organization's goal effectiveness
is usually related to its success in achieving desired outcomes of the organization's
goals through a systemic management interaction across organizational aspects at the
input, process, output, and outcome/impact stages. This thesis argues an evaluation
model of performance measurement can be developed to reflect the characteristics of
a public good for a water supply utility, and this model of performance measurement
can assist in addressing issues of social and environmental justice.
Harris et al argue that better governance can only be achieved by working for
democracy in multiple arenas (Harriss, Stokke, & Tornquist, 2004, pp. 7-8). This
study considers multidimensional performance measures taking on board the values of
many stakeholders with different backgrounds. It 'unfolds' and 'sweeps in' in many
dimensions in an attempt at systemic representation (Ulrich, 1983, p. 169). McIntyre-
Mills states that 'service need to reflect the values of the users and for this to occur the users need to participate in and decide on policy design and governance'
(McIntyre-Mills, 2003, p. 14). Performance measurement systems can be used to
detect a gap between services supplied by providers and various needs demanded by
stakeholders.
The thesis develops an outcome performance measurement model for
evaluating social equity and environmental justice concerns. It draws on and adapts
four performance measurement models of the International Water Association, World
Bank, Indonesian Home Affairs Department and Indonesian Water Supply Enterprise
Association.
A complementary combined method was developed that addresses qualitative
and quantitative governance concerns as they perform to water supply performance
problems. Three research methods were used, namely the case study, survey and
focus group discussion for collecting qualitative and quantitative data from the three
governance sectors. These were triangulated. Five research tools in the case study
method were used for collecting information from stakeholders in the three
governance sectors including interview, personal communication or email, document
analysis, direct observation and documentation. The survey was used to investigate
431 respondents from three case study locations in Cinusa1 city, and the two focus
groups were conducted in the city's water supply company management for
discussing problems of water supply performance as summarized from the survey.
The locus of this study was concentrated in the Cinusa city jurisdiction area,
and the focus was the performance problem of the water supply company in Cinusa
during 2001-2004. However, a comparative study of water supply performance
nationally and internationally is presented for analyzing relative performance gaps.This research evaluates interconnections among cost inefficiency, tariff
escalation and other non-financial performances: water supply quantity, quality,
continuity and pressure. Inefficient costs because of corrupt, collusive and nepotistic
practices in this Indonesian water supply company implicate cost burdens in the
company and prevent this water local public enterprise perform its social and
environmental missions. The Cinusa local government as the owner of this local
public enterprise and the Cinusa local parliament hold a monopoly power in some
important decisions related to this local public enterprise, including tariff policy,
senior management positions and the total amount of profit share paid to the local
government. Such customers from lower income household instead of being
subsidized as specified in the national regulation are paying at a profitable tariff and
subsidizing this enterprise's inefficiency and the government's locally generated
revenue.
The inefficiency alongside the profit sharing policy also weakens this
enterprise's capacity to invest and improve its service performances. Improving the
service performance is essential for current and potential customers and could also
benefit the society economically, socially and environmentally, besides being of
economic benefit to the enterprise itself. Securing public health concerns and
groundwater preservations can be conducted by improving the accessibility, the
availability and the reliability of water quality, quantity, pressure and continuity.
This research presents an evaluation model for improving the accountability of
water supply by means of performance management tool and it makes policy
recommendations.
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Tučný, Martin. "Rozvoj PPP projektů v EU a České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17191.
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The thesis deals with Public Private Partnership in the European Union and Czech Republic. On the grounds of analysis, it aims to asses impacts of providing public goods especially by course of PPP projects. PPP issue is defined generally, considering all basic elements by way of theoretical information. A comparative view of current PPP situation and development in Czech Republic and Great Britain was an important contribution while handling the selected topic. An analysis of EU task of implementing PPP projects in member states and financing these projects from EU funds is no less important. In the analytical part, emphasis is put on the origins and history of PPP, legal regulations of PPP and the institutional framework in particular countries. Number of instances of practice are mentioned too. As regards Czech Republic, one part of the thesis is devoted to the barriers to development.
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Profit, Deborah J. "Educating Adolescents and Young Adults on Clinical Research and the Drug-Development Process| Can Public and Private Leaders Come Together to Deliver Greater Good?" Thesis, Franklin Pierce University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640151.
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The development of new medical treatments for patients is limited by the challenges of recruiting clinical-research participants. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration regulates the multidimensional approval process for new drugs, biologics, and medical devices to ensure consumer safety. The regulatory approval processes includes complex clinical trials that necessitate either healthy volunteers or patients who are willing to participate. The low enrollment rates of volunteers and patients willing to participate in clinical trials are resulting in significant delays in bringing new treatments to the market and substantially increasing development costs, for which consumers ultimately pay. The available research indicates that young adults and adolescents represent two of the lowest participating groups in clinical trials. Even though they are the next generation of consumers and patients, little to no research has examined the adolescent and young adult populations and their knowledge and perceptions of clinical research or their willingness to participate in clinical trials. Understanding these populations' perspectives and knowledge of the drug-development process and providing education regarding on this issue may have a profound, positive trickle-down effect on medicine, their personal well-being, and the well-being of the general public.
This study used a simple experimental design consisting of an intervention group and a control group. The intervention was a 10-minute educational video on participation in clinical research. Adolescents and young adults ( n = 527) were randomly distributed into the two groups. The knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to participate in clinical research were measured in both groups utilizing a 31-question survey instrument. The findings from this study may be used by educators, health care providers, patient advocacy groups, payers, and the pharmaceutical research and development industry to determine the best methods for educating adolescents and young adults on clinical research and trial participation.
The study concluded with a discussion of the importance of the role of leadership in social change and the process of igniting and sustaining such change. This process includes how, historically, public and private interests have come together to positively influence important public-health initiatives and, in turn, social change that holistically benefited all of society. Moving forward, leadership for social change could potentially deliver new and improved medical treatments in a timelier manner.
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Andersson, Josefine. "Insurances against job loss and disability : Private and public interventions and their effects on job search and labor supply." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327916.
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Essay I: Employment Security Agreements, which are elements of Swedish collective agreements, offer a unique opportunity to study very early job search counselling of displaced workers. These agreements provide individual job search assistance to workers who are dismissed due to redundancy, often as early as during the period of notice. Compared to traditional labor market policies, the assistance provided is earlier and more responsive to the needs of the individual worker. In this study, I investigate the effects of the individual counseling and job search assistance provided through the Employment Security Agreement for Swedish blue-collar workers on job finding and subsequent job quality. The empirical strategy is based on the rules of eligibility in a regression discontinuity framework. I estimate the effect for workers with short tenure, who are dismissed through mass-layoffs. My results do not suggest that the program has an effect on the probability of becoming unemployed, the duration of unemployment, or income. However, the results indicate that the program has a positive effect on the duration of the next job. Essay II: The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions. Essay III: Evidence from around the world suggest that individuals who are awarded disability benefits in some cases still have residual working capacity, while disability insurance systems typically involve strong disincentives for benefit recipients to work. Some countries have introduced policies to incentivize disability insurance recipients to use their residual working capacities on the labor market. One such policy is the continuous deduction program in Sweden, introduced in 2009. In this study, I investigate whether the financial incentives provided by this program induce disability insurance recipients to increase their labor supply or education level. Retroactively determined eligibility to the program with respect to time of benefit award provides a setting resembling a natural experiment, which could be used to estimate the effects of the program using a regression discontinuity design. However, a simultaneous regime change of disability insurance eligibility causes covariate differences between treated and controls, which I adjust for using a matching strategy. My results suggest that the financial incentives provided by the program have not had any effect on labor supply or educational attainment.
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Long, Thomas Benjamin. "The management of climate change mitigation objectives in the supply chains of public and private organisations in the UK." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5281/.
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The management of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) in the supply chains of public and private organisations is increasingly recognised as an avenue through which to pursue climate change mitigation goals. This presents opportunities and challenges for focal organisations who lead and control supply chains. The literature and practice of environmental supply chain management (ESCM) is well developed, but there remains the scope for theoretical advancements. This research aims to deepen understanding of the current state of efforts to manage GHGEs in supply chains, including the drivers, barriers and activities involved and how they interact; exploring the policy and legislative possibilities is an additional aim. Using qualitative methods, an exploratory interview survey of 11 experts from academia, think tanks, business support and consultancy organisations was conducted, followed by interviews with 20 organisations in the public and private sectors. It is found that private sector organisations, driven by factors such as competitive advantage, reputation and risk management are leading current efforts. A wide range of ESCM techniques are utilised and in some instances focal organisations are found to be attempting to increase the capabilities of their supply chains to manage GHGEs. A paradox is found in terms of public sector supply chains, through their high potential contribution towards supply chain GHGE management, yet constrained actions. Using these results, the research constructs an ‘Emission Reduction INtervention Options’ (ERINO) supply chain approach, outlining a range of interventions to enhance management efforts, as well as a ‘Focal Organisations Supply Chain emission Activity/Outcome’ (FOSCAO) matrix, highlighting the relationships between GHGE management activities and outcomes. Finally, a ‘Supply CHain Emission ManagEment’ (SCHEME) overview framework is constructed. It is concluded that current action is reliant on characteristics and capabilities not present within all organisations, meaning wider engagement may require interventions by government or other actors.
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Kjellén, Marianne. "From public pipes to private hands : water access and distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of human geography, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410661953.
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Makofane, Timothy Seporane. "Public private partnership in South Africa with reference to the realisation of Black Economic Empowerment." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24198.
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This study sought to highlight the concept of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) as it applies to South Africa. BEE as a new concept in South Africa is likely to be faced with a number of challenges. Of note is how a number of pieces of legislation were generated to help create an environment for the implementation of BEE policy. What was illuminated in the study is the fact that in spite of the many policies having been generated, there seems to be a lack of understanding in terms of how these policies should be implemented. Self-evident in this study is the perception embraced by a number of stakeholders with regard to the implementation of BEE through public-private partnership. The perceived differences of opinion are not only reflected among-policy makers from different political parties, but also within the wider spectrum of South African society and workers’ movements. Differing views in terms of the actual implementation of the policy became evident in this study. The differing views seem to be premised around what can be portrayed as the niche that the concept of BEE occupies in the society at large. At the centre of this debate is the recycling of beneficiaries of BEE, which is seen to be consistent and invariable and may be perceived to be defeating the purpose of BEE through PPP. A number of questions were raised in this regard, which provided justification for the researcher to put the past and the present practices in juxtaposition. The study found that procurement processes and procedures were central to the discussion of BEE through PPP. Against this backdrop, the supply chain management system played a dominant role. The introduction of policy frameworks such as Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, 2000; Public Financial Management Act, 1999; the Constitution, 1996 and the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 provide an enabling environment for BEE through PPP to be a reality. The dominant discourse on BEE has been whether it indeed achieves what it set out to achieve, i.e. poverty alleviation. It is interesting that this discourse as addressed in this study seems to place in perspective the difference between economic growth and economic development, which seemed to have not yielded similar outcomes. Against this backdrop, the effect of BEE has been placed under scrutiny, with reference to the generally accepted determiners of economic growth such as gross domestic product (GDP). The study further focused on the effect of BEE in the rural areas in the midst of the perceived levels of illiteracy. Though the effect of BEE on women and youth was looked at, this has not been done in isolation from the realities facing this sector, such as a lack of skills perceived to have stemmed from the past policies of institutionalised segregation. The researcher has however argued that perhaps a new empowerment strategy had to be found based on poverty alleviation for the poor irrespective of the colour of their skin, political affiliation or gender; namely an empowerment strategy that looks into the future. The good policies referred to earlier are likely to fall prey to rampant greed as referred to by former president, Mbeki (2006). It appears the new measures will have to be put in place to curb the scourge of greed currently experienced, often masqueraded under affirmative action, affirmative acquisition or even affirmative discrimination and discrimination against the poor. This indeed feeds into the re-emergence of a new class struggle and sows the destructive seeds of interracial conflict and disharmony.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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LEIPOLDT, Erik, and eleipoldt@upnaway com. "Good life in the balance: a cross-national study of Dutch and Australian disability perspectives on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of, 2003. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0010.html.
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This is a cross-national qualitative study with the purpose of obtaining perspectives held by people with quadriplegia and leading figures in disability movements in the Netherlands and Australia on the issues of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EPAS). A disability voice is not prominent in public debate on EPAS in Australia or the Netherlands, even though people with disabilities are often thought to be vulnerable in relation to EPAS policies. Disability perspectives are potentially valuable in illuminating issues in relation to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, because issues of dependence, independence, and individual autonomy play important roles in relation to both EPAS and to living with disability. The study's methodology uses a phenomenological approach and incorporates aspects of heuristics and grounded theory. Its conceptual framework incorporates MacIntyre's (1999) theory of acknowledged dependency and vulnerability; Habermas' (1989) theory of knowledge; and Festinger's (1959) theory of cognitive dissonance. The main sample of twenty people with quadriplegia (the grassroots sample) was interviewed in the Netherlands and in Australia.
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Chiromo, Archie Tendai. "Public-private partnerships in water infrastructure projects in Zimbabwe : the case of the kunzvi water development project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96168.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.Globally, the demand for public infrastructure has been growing. However, governments have not been able to meet this demand due to limited fiscal revenue. Many governments have turned to the private sector to finance, build and operate infrastructure projects through public-private partnerships (PPPs). Despite the great demand and the availability of capital to develop these projects, many have failed the PPP test due to a number of constraints. This paper is meant to research the viability of water PPPs by considering the case of the Kunzvi Water Development Project (KWDP), which is in its infancy stage. The literature review from developed and developing countries shows a number of critical success factors which were applied to this study. These critical success factors were rated by key stakeholders in the KWDP – from the government and private sector to development finance institutions (DFIs). A questionnaire was then given to each group to assess the critical success factors. The results show that political commitment and support, macroeconomic environment, and the legal and regulatory framework were the top three critical success factors. The respondents rated the first as strong, but the macroeconomic environment was rated as weak. The paper recommends that government improves the nature of the political support going forward as more involvement will be required as the project develops. The paper also recommends that the government engages DFIs to provide financial and technical support to develop the project as the government may not be able to afford professional services. This paper highlights the views of the respondents but the author also noted limitations even though the project is still in its early stages. Hence, further review may be needed as the project progresses, and/or the lessons learnt may have to be studied and compared with similar projects in a similar context.
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Älvebrink, Johan, and Maria Jansson. "Investigation of blockchain applicability to Internet of Things within supply chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357258.
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Internet of Things (IoT) means that physical objects will be able to interact and communicate via embedded systems. This will lead to a distributed network of devices that can communicate with both humans and each other. One application area is in improving supply chain management. The goal in supply chains is to move a product or a service from the producer to the customer as efficient as possible. Implementation of IoT will have many benefits but it also raises security issues that can affect integrity, security and privacy for both individuals and companies. In 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto created bitcoin and more importantly, blockchain. Blockchain is a ledger of facts, data is not stored in only one network with a common processor, but it is distributed among all the clients on the network. This technology may be a solution to some problems that IoT are facing. This paper looks into up to date research of blockchain and IoT with the purpose to study blockchain as a potential solution to secure IoT data management within supply chains. Both blockchain and IoT are relatively new research areas with little existing research, which support our use of a qualitative inductive method. Semi-structured interviews, which will be further explained in the methodology section, have been conducted with people working within the fields of blockchain, IoT and supply chain. The result indicates that blockchain can be used to secure data management within any given supply chain that uses IoT technology, but blockchain should be seen as a tool, and not as a complete solution. Many of the security issues within IoT are related to the devices and blockchain will not be able to provide a solution to these problems. Blockchain can however be used for handling information, securing identities, traceability of goods, transactions being made without human interaction, automated storage management and time stamped actions to name some examples. There are still barriers to make these benefits work in reality but there is a lot of research currently on-going, trying to make it happen.
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Moyo, Pennia. "An assessment of private sector participation as a viable alternative for improved urban water provision in Zimbabwe : the case of Harare Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80130.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study gives an analysis of urban water services provision in Zimbabwe in general. The case study of Harare Municipality was used to get an in-depth analysis of urban water provision in an urban set-up and assess the possibility of private sector engagement for water provision. The engagement of the private sector through Public- Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the provision of public services has become a common practice in many countries. The overall benefits noted for the use of these partnerships include increased effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery. The private sector has been favoured for the provision of services, given the financial and expertise benefits that it brings into public service delivery. Water services delivery in many countries in Africa has been dogged by a plethora of problems that include, water losses, poor revenue collection, lack of cost recovery, inadequate financial investment to expand water infrastructure and overall inability to meet demand resulting from urban expansion. Given these challenges, PPPs provide an option for service delivery. These partnerships have been in the form of leases, management and service contracts, as well as concessions for the provision of public services. Private sector participation (PSP) in service delivery in different forms is rooted in various theoretical ideologies that include New Public Management (NPM), Public Value, New Governance and Network Governance. The reduction of the role of government in the provision of public services; the adoption of private sector management style; the use of networks in service provision and participation of the stakeholders are key principles in these theoretical ideologies. These principles have thus been adopted through public sector reforms for service delivery. Case studies from Senegal, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania are applied in this study, to take note of key lessons on the engagement of the private sector for provision of urban water services, as well as the key determinants of successful partnerships. The institutional and legal framework of reforms undertaken in these countries are analysed as part of the enabling environment for successful partnerships. Data collection for this study was done through key informant interviews, covering water administration issues, water provision challenges and private sector engagement in Harare. The obsolete water infrastructure and inadequate financial levels have affected water provision and coverage in Harare. Unaccounted for water was found to be above 30 percent for the City of Harare, whilst water production levels are much lower than demand. Attempts at engaging the private sector for improving water provision through a concession for the Kunzvi Dam Project have not gone beyond the signing of the contract. What is clear is that there is a lack of a regulatory framework; political willingness, lack of trust, economic uncertainty, lack of financial sustainability and a performance monitoring framework. These are key factors in ensuring a viable public- private arrangement. For private sector involvement to be successful, in the context of this study, the recommendations include the need for a regulatory framework for PPPs in Zimbabwe, establishment of a regulator through policy, political willingness and transparency.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied ’n algemene analise van stedelike watervoorsieningdienste in Zimbabwe. Die gevallestudie van die Harare-munisipaliteit word gebruik ten einde ’n in-diepte analise van stedelike watervoorsiening in ’n stedelike omgewing te bekom en om die moontlikheid van privaatsektor-betrokkenheid ten opsigte van watervoorsiening te assesseer. Die betrokkenheid van die privaatsektor deur middel van Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe met die oog op die verskaffing van openbare dienste het in vele lande wêreldwyd algemene gebruik geword. Die algehele voordele vir die gebruik van sulke vennootskappe sluit verhoogde doeltreffendheid en deeglikheid van diensverskaffing in. Die privaatsektor geniet voorkeur vir die voorsiening van dienste gegewe die finansiële en kundigheidsvoordele wat dit aan openbare dienslewering toevoeg. Die lewering van waterdienste in vele lande in Afrika word deur ’n oormaat probleme geteister wat waterverliese, onvoldoende betalings, gebrek aan kosteverhaling , onvoldoende geldelike beleggings om waterinfrastruktuur uit te brei, en die algehele onvermoë om aan die aanvraag weens stedelike uitbreiding te voldoen, insluit. In die lig van die vermelde uitdagings bied Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe ’n opsie vir dienslewering. Dié vennootskappe is in die vorm van huurkontrakte, bestuurs- en dienskontrakte, sowel as konsessies vir die verskaffing van openbare dienste, vergestalt. Deelname deur die privaatsektor aan dienslewering in verskillende vorme is gewortel in verskeie teoretiese ideologieë wat Nuwe Openbare Bestuur, Openbare Waarde, Nuwe Leiding en Netwerkleiding insluit. Die vermindering van die regering se rol in die voorsiening van openbare dienste; die aanvaarding van privaatsektor-bestuurstyl; die gebruik van netwerke ten opsigte van diensverskaffing en die deelname van belanghebbendes, is sleutelbeginsels in hierdie teoretiese ideologieë. Hierdie beginsels is dus deur openbare sektorhervormings met die oog op diensverskaffing aanvaar. Gevallestudies uit Senegal, Kenia, Suid-Afrika en Tanzanië is in hierdie studie toegepas met die oog daarop om sleutellesse rakende die betrokkenheid van die privaatsektor ten opsigte van die voorsiening van stedelike waterdienste ter harte te neem, sowel as die sleuteldeterminante van geslaagde vennootskappe. Die institusionele en wetlike raamwerk van hervormings wat in vermelde lande onderneem is, is geanaliseer as deel van die geskikte omgewing vir geslaagde vennootskappe. Data-insameling vir hierdie studie is gedoen deur sleutel ingeligte onderhoude wat wateradministrasie-aangeleenthede, watervoorsiening-uitdagings en privaatsektor-betrokkenheid in Harare dek. Die afgeleefde waterinfrastruktuur en onvoldoende finansiële stelsels het watervoorsiening en dekking in Harare geraak. Daar is bevind dat die onverantwoordbaarheid ten opsigte van water in die stad Harare bo 30 persent was onderwyl waterleweringsvlakke veel laer is as die aanvraag daarvoor. Pogings om die privaatsektor te betrek by die verbetering van watervoorsiening deur middel van ’n konsessie vir die Kunzvi Dam-projek, het nog nie verder gevorder as die kontrakondertekening nie. Wat duidelik is, is dat daar ’n gebrek aan ’n reguleringsraamwerk bestaan, daar is geen politieke wil nie, daar heers algemene gebrek aan vertroue, ekonomiese onsekerheid en ’n gebrek aan finansiële volhoubaarheid, en daar bestaan nie ’n prestasiemoniteringsraamwerk nie. Hierdie is sleutelfaktore ten einde ’n lewensvatbare openbare-private ooreenkoms te verseker. Om privaatsektor betrokkenheid – in die konteks van hierdie studie – geslaagd te maak, sluit die aanbevelings die volgende in: die behoefte aan ’n reguleringsraamwerk vir Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe in Zimbabwe, die totstandkoming van ’n reguleerder deur middel van beleid, ’n politieke wil en deursigtigheid.
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James, Christopher Dudley. "Supply-side incentives, medical effort and quality of care in a lower-middle income setting : studies of public and private doctors in the Philippines." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682388/.
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Too often, patients in low and middle income countries receive inadequate quality healthcare. Technical capacity constraints - insufficient availability of competent health professionals, medicines and other essential inputs - are often seen as the cause. Whilst undoubtedly important, these constraints cannot fully explain poorly delivered health services. This thesis explores how supply-side incentives also influence the quality of healthcare doctors deliver to patients. It uses the analytics of the principal-agent model as the starting point for illustrating the impact of different incentives on medical effort, and through this effort, the quality of healthcare. Insights and testable hypotheses emerging from this conceptual approach are then evaluated through empirical studies of doctors working in 30 districts in the Philippines, using a variety of econometric methods. Data came from both primary and secondary sources. A first study explored the relationship between empirical measures of medical effort and the technical quality of healthcare. A second study analysed how various financial and non-financial incentives affect the amount of medical effort exerted by doctors on public hospital inpatients. A third study addressed the phenomenon of physician ownership of private pharmacies, and whether this has any adverse impacts on patients. Results showed that whilst the relationship between medical effort and quality is not straightforward, low effort typically results in lower quality care. Subsequent results illustrated how supply-side incentives can lead to public hospital patients with equal health need being treated unequally; and pharmacy-owning physicians unduly influencing a patient's use and expenditure in pharmacies. Suggested policy reforms are based on reshaping the incentive structure within which doctors operate, including reform of provider payment mechanisms and patient charges; improved monitoring and regulation; and policies to encourage greater use of generic drugs.
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Bunch, Sandra. "Property rights as a poverty reduction strategy: public or private good? a case study analysis of formal and informal property rights in three Sub-Saharan Africa communities /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/7005.
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Ekström, Thomas. "Public Private Business Models for Defence Acquisition : A Multiple Case Study of Defence Acquisition Projects in the UK." Licentiate thesis, Division of Engineering Logistics, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9061.
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Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to "study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept". This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a "definition problem" (i.e. what to measure); a "measurement problem" (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a "comparison problem" (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.
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Jensen, Niklas. "Lärarrollen i förändring : En intervjustudie om lärares inställning till en förändrad lärarroll." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3303.
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During the past twenty years, the Swedish school systems have slowly changed to becomemore and more performance-driven. Private schools have been growing in general and, likeindependent schools and schools managed by municipalities, they profile themselves. Schoolsare becoming more performance and result-oriented, which has changed the roles of teachersin a dramatic way and is in general, still changing.
By profiling students based on theirindividual performance, schools are able to help students identify themselves and their owngoals. The process of profiling is a slow one in which some teachers adapt more quickly thanothers, and one that is critical for other teachers to learn in order to keep up with the demandsof society.Schools, like ordinary businesses, are in constant competition with each other to keep up withthe newest and greatest models of teaching and to rank among the best in high achievements.Perhaps the downside of this modern school structure is that it is often difficult to have aschool where both school management and teachers see eye to eye. School management must heavily focus on the school’s results as a whole. They rely on the teachers to produce theseresults among their students, which at times creates a heavy burden on teachers. The teachersare expected to have a much larger role, often ones that have to do with advertising for theschool in addition to teaching their students. In order to attract more student applications,school management expects that their teachers follow a curriculum that will produce highscores and grades.
This study was done with a secondary school in Stockholm, where four teachers and oneprincipal were interviewed in order to have their opinion of the discussion about teachers newposition in the school as they operate today.
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Isserman, Noah Jacobsen. "Venturing into public good : from venture capital to the creation of state-supported venture philanthropy and its implications for third sector financing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286340.
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Over the last three decades, scholars in management, policy, and geography have examined the growing economic, social, and spatial impact of the financial sector. Venture capital firms have been a focus, generating a contested but deep literature around the roles of such "value-adding" capital providers in supporting the growth of firms, industries, and various territorial innovation models. In parallel, there has been substantial government support-financial, regulatory, and otherwise-of these private sector financial intermediaries, despite scepticism. The past twenty years have seen the emergence and rapid growth of analogous funders in the third sector, itself the realm of substantial experimentation and growth. These new intermediaries, "venture philanthropists", have become important players in shaping, structuring, and channelling funding to the third sector. The activities and effects of venture philanthropists are underexplored, as are their growing interactions with governments-despite intentional and striking similarities between the evolution of venture capital and that of venture philanthropy. This dissertation addresses these gaps by systematically examining the emergence, evolution, and operational practices of two influential British venture philanthropy funds: the first such fund in Europe (Impetus Trust) and the first fund in the world co-created with the state (Inspiring Scotland). The two venture philanthropy organisations (VPOs)-one with roots in venture capital, the other with roots in the voluntary and government sectors-both conducted the venture capital-inspired operational model of venture philanthropy in similar ways. That said, the VPOs reflected the logics and practices of their founders and funders. Impetus Trust more closely resembled early-stage venture capital, with a reliance on London-based networks, funders, and service providers-and a heavily London-focused portfolio. Inspiring Scotland evidenced the logics of government rather than charity in several instances, with substantial original research into social issues, heavily structured portfolios on set timelines, and regionally-distributed staff. This approach broadened access, allowing support of SPOs and their clients across various (and underserved) geographies, but limited options for opportunity-driven or expressive functions of philanthropy. I surveyed the CEOs of most organisations supported by the two venture philanthropy funds (82 of 98 charities and social businesses), supplemented by interviews of selected CEOs and the founders and staff of the two funds. I find that, overall, the two VPOs each engaged in seven core activities of venture capital, intentionally adapting them to the third sector: sourcing and selection, due diligence, an engaged relationship, provision of funding, provision of non-financial support, creation of network linkages, and intentional exiting of relationships. As in venture capital, this process had broader effects: providing signals of investee quality, preparing investees for subsequent funding, and expanding networks. The combination of long-term relationships and high formal reporting requirements imposed significant costs for SPOs-and also created a virtuous cycle of trust and collaboration between VPOs and SPOs. The venture philanthropy model also had broader societal effects, creating data regarding individual organisations and the efficacy of responses to social issues, which in both cases informed policy. As intermediaries, venture philanthropists decreased power differentials and improved the flow of (oft-anonymized) information amongst funders, statutory bodies, and funded organisations, facilitating several types of collaboration. SPO managers indicated that they received, on average, approximately ten different types of non-financial support-like strategy consulting, human resources support, or legal counsel. These managers reported in interviews and surveys that the non-financial services provided by venture philanthropists were highly valued, on average. Further, managers believed these services provided more value than it cost the VPOs to provide them. Likewise, managers highly valued most forms of new networking connections (though not all services or linkages were found to be valuable). Smaller SPOs valued services and network links more highly than larger SPOs, although all sizes of SPOs indicated both were valuable, on average. Importantly, this data was provided by SPO managers and focused on the SPO-VPO dyad-rather than provided by VPOs and focused at the portfolio or trust level. This filled an important gap in the literature: academics and practitioners often lament that the voices of charities supported by foundations are not often enough heard, which limits our understanding of many aspects of organizational philanthropy and its effects-in particular the burdens and benefits for recipient organisations. I documented the co-creation of the first government-supported venture philanthropy fund through eleven interviews with founding managers and government officials. This model, in which state, private, and civil society actors collectively founded and funded a value-adding capital provider, militates against neoliberal assumptions of an ever-diminishing state, as does the leveraging of private resources in alignment with state aims-though it raises concerns around democratic processes, accountability, and local control. This work helps inform the changing nature of the voluntary sector and its relationship with the state. I focus on the increasing interaction of actors between and across systems-sometimes in new roles and coordinated by new intermediaries-in the allocation of resources and delivery of services in the public interest. These new interactions inform broad bodies of work that seek to understand changing sectoral roles, most notably discourses surrounding neoliberalism(s), financialisation, and public management. Overall, I find privately- and publicly-funded venture philanthropy playing a role in the third sector analogous to the role of venture capital in the private sector, with similar practices and concomitant effects in data generation, network formation and strengthening, facilitating partnerships, and signalling the quality of supported organisations. By examining two such emerging models of capital provision, I contribute grounded understanding of the way such systems are created and function across the private, public, and third sectors.
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Soto-Vázquez, Abdelali. "Explaining the determinants of contractual inefficiencies: the case of water provision in Saltillo, Mexico." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2048.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminPublic-private partnerships to provide services are a relatively new policy initiative in Mexico, and have shown contrasting results. This research has endeavored to analyze the possible determinants behind the failure, or the success, of the choice of a specific mode of service provision. By using contracting literature based on transaction costs, and looking specifically at the case of AGSAL, a joint venture established between Saltillo, a northern Mexican city, and INTERAGBAR, a private investor, for the provision of water, this study showed that characteristics of the transaction at stake. More specifically, it showed that specificity of the investments that support a given transaction, the unanticipated changes in circumstances surrounding an exchange, either from physical assets or its ownership rights, and the frequency and duration with which parties engage in the transaction.
South Africa
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Mårtensson, Anna, and Lina Glas. ""... för politikernas skyldighet är ju att se till så medborgarna får så mycket pang för pengarna som möjligt" : En kvalitativ fallstudie om organisationsförändringar inom abstinensvård." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32683.
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Syftet med studien har varit att med fokus på organisationsförändringar undersöka vilka bakomliggande orsaker som ligger till grund för hur en Region i Sverige arbetar med införandet av egna slutenvårdsplatser inom abstinensvård, utifrån de nationella målen för god vård och hur införandet av sådana vårdplatser kan komma att påverka vården. Genom att analysera Regionens egen utredningsrapport tillsammans med den revisionsrapport som externa konsulter skapat på uppdrag av Regionen, har denna kvalitativa fallstudie bidragit till en övergripande bild av bakomliggande orsaker som ligger till grund för beslutet. För att ge en fördjupad förståelse för dessa bakomliggande orsaker har studien kompletterats med en intervju där områdeschefen för Regionens beroendevård har bidragit med sin kunskap inom området. Resultatet tyder på att upphandlad abstinensvård kan försvåra säkerställandet av vårdens kvalitet, då det är problematiskt för den offentliga sektorn att kontrollera och utvärdera vård som tillhandahålls av privata vårdgivare.The aim of the study has been to focus on organizational changes to examine the underlying causes of the Regions decision to implement a new unit for withdrawl treatment, based on the national goals for good health care and how the implementation of such new unit can affect provided care. By analyzing the Regions own enquiry report along with a review report made by external consultants on behalf of the Region, this qualitative study has compiled a general comprehension of underlying causes that the decision to open a new unit is based upon. For a deeper understanding of the underlying causes a supplementary interview took place with the area manager of the withdrawl treatment in this Region, who added knowledge to the study. The result indicates that outsourced health care can lead to difficulties in ensuring the quality of good care, because it is problematic for the public sector to control and evaluate care provided by private care givers.
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Melo, Maurício Euclides de. "Governança em parcerias público-privadas: o caso de Minas Gerais." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/91.
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This work examines the governance of the Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) program in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as an instrument of public governance. In other words, this paper analyzes the governance of governance (metagovernance), as explained by Kooiman (2003). The state of Minas Gerais has shown an above national average implementation of PPP projects and has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners. It has received the Infrastructure Investment Awards, offered by World Finance magazine, elected as the best PPP Program worldwide. Despite not having a scientific character, the prize throws light on the case of the state of Minas Gerais and Brazil, as can be inferred from studies prepared by the Observatório das PPPs no Brasil (2012) (watchdog of PPP in Brazil). The research analyses the PPP program of the State of Minas Gerais from the perspective of the principles of good governance set out in the guide prepared by the UNECE (2008), which reflect the development of policies, contracts, building the capacity to deal with PPPs, risk management, focus on citizen and concern for the environment. The dissertation compares the requirements of good governance in PPPs with the mechanisms already implemented in Minas Gerais and also brings evidence of some dilemmas inherent to meta-governance. The work was based on the PPP program of the State of Minas Gerais as the main unit of analysis, and had as units of analysis incorporated the following PPP projects: (i) recovery, expansion and operation of the highway MG 050, (ii) construction and management of Unidades de Atendimento Integrado UAI (one stop shop for citizen service delivery); (iii) construction and operation of the Penitentiary in Ribeirão das Neves, and (iv) reform, expansion and management of Mineirão Stadium. The data was collected through interviews and questionnaires with members of the central unit of PPP, the State Court of Auditing, private actors, and public officials responsible for the operation of PPPs contracts. The research also included legislation, bidding documents, contracts, manuals, reports and articles from the press. The results suggest that the PPP program in Minas Gerais is adherent to the principles of good governance set by UNECE (2008), demonstrating a mimicry of the model applied in Brazil with the European model. The principle of policy, particularly in the establishment of goals and values and communicating the PPP was what had greater adherence to European guide. The other principles partially respond to the guide, and the principle on the Environment was less observed by the PPP program of Minas Gerais. As a result of the research was also possible to observe some tough choices to be taken by the metagovernment, which have been translated in the following meta-governance dilemmas: democracy versus efficiency; legal versus cooperation, and competition neutrality versus efficiency. The challenge identified for scholars and practitioners of public governance and metagovernance is to think of them more broadly and declared, with the involvement of all actors responsible for the co-production of the public good, so that they can extract guidelines that help in decision making in the face of dilemmas that are inherent in this process
A presente dissertação examina a governança das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) do Estado de Minas Gerais, enquanto instrumento de governança pública. Em outras palavras, a presente dissertação faz uma análise da governança da governança (metagovernança), conforme explica Kooiman (2003). O estado de Minas Gerais recebeu o prêmio de melhor programa de PPPs do mundo no ano de 2012, ofertado pela revista World Finance (2012). Apesar de não ter um caráter científico, o premio joga luzes sobre o caso de Minas gerais, que é apontado nos estudos do Observatório das PPPs no Brasil (2012) como o estado com a maior implementação de projetos de PPPs no país, em termos quantitativos. A pesquisa analisa o programa de PPPs do Estado de Minas Gerais a luz dos princípios da boa governança (good governance) estabelecidos no guia preparado pela UNECE (2008), que refletem na elaboração de políticas públicas, estabelecimento de segurança jurídica para os investimentos, construção de capacidade institucional, gestão e compartilhamento de riscos, uma licitação eficaz, atenção às necessidades dos cidadãos e preocupação com o meio ambiente. A dissertação compara os requisitos da boa governança em PPP com os mecanismos já implementados em Minas Gerais e traz ainda evidências de alguns dilemas inerentes ao processo de metagovernança. A pesquisa baseou-se no programa de PPP do Estado de Minas Gerais como unidade de análise principal e teve como unidades de análise incorporadas os seguintes projetos de PPP: (i) Recuperação, ampliação e operação da Rodovia MG 050; (ii) Construção e gestão de Unidades de Atendimento Integrado; (iii) Construção e operação do Complexo Penitenciário em Ribeirão das Neves; e (iv) Reforma, ampliação e gestão do Estádio do Mineirão. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas e questionários com membros da Unidade Central de PPP, Tribunal de Contas do Estado (órgão de fiscalização e controle), secretárias responsáveis pela operação projeto de PPP e integrantes das empresas privadas. A pesquisa também se utilizou de fontes secundárias (editais de licitação, contratos, manuais, relatórios e notícias). A pesquisa identificou que, de modo geral, o programa de PPP de Minas Gerais é aderente aos princípios de boa governança estabelecidos pela UNECE (2008), demonstrando um mimetismo do modelo aplicado no Brasil com o modelo Europeu. O princípio de políticas públicas, sobretudo no estabelecimento de valores e na comunicação das PPPs foi o que teve maior aderência ao guia Europeu. Os demais princípios atenderam parcialmente ao guia, sendo que o princípio ligado ao meio ambiente foi o menos observado pelo programa de PPPs de Minas Gerais. Como resultado da pesquisa também foi possível observar algumas escolhas difíceis de serem tomadas pelo governo, que foram traduzidos nos seguintes dilemas de metagovernança: democracia versus eficácia; segurança jurídica versus cooperação; e neutralidade e ampla concorrência versus eficiência. O desafio identificado para os estudiosos e praticantes da governança pública e metagovernança é o de pensá-las de uma forma mais ampla e declarada, com o envolvimento de todos os atores responsáveis pela coprodução do bem público, de modo que se possam extrair diretrizes que auxiliem na tomada de decisão frente aos dilemas que são inerentes a esse processo
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Shange, Nikiwe. "Analysis of the challenges and opportunities for smallholder farmer value chain integration in the Western Cape : a public and private sector organisation perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96179.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.Access to markets is an essential requirement for smallholder farmer development. The limited access to formal value chains for smallholder farmers in South Africa is a key challenge that is facing both public and private value chain actors. Despite the substantial investments by government, the performance of smallholder farmers in South Africa remains poor. Several studies have been done to understand the key challenges facing smallholder farmer value chain integration. This study takes a unique view by understanding the challenges and opportunities facing farmer integration from a public and private stakeholder perspective, specifically analysing the Western Cape. The study showed that the most influential constraints for smallholder farmer value chain integration are access to informal and formal markets, resources and infrastructure, and the functioning of local institutions. The study also showed that the key opportunities to improve value chain integrations are in improving the non-financial and financial support provided to smallholder farmers. The results of the study are in line with the value chain theory around integration of smaller producers.
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Abu, Zayed Ahmed. "Reform of higher education within the context of the knowledge economy and societal change in Egypt." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25179.
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This study explores models for the reform of higher education in Egypt, and warns of potential consequences arising from the adoption of models based exclusively on the requirements of the knowledge economy and which fail to take account of the public role of national universities, socio-cultural realities and local as well as global pressures. The overall aim of the research is to identify the prerequisites for higher education reform in Egypt and the characteristics of a tailor-made reform model. It explores the role of higher education in Egypt, within the context of international organisations’ reform models for less-developed countries, and identifies the remits of the knowledge economy and knowledge society as frameworks for reforming higher education. This research has sought to answer questions on current conceptions of the role of higher education in Egypt and how these are being challenged by stakeholders. An exploratory study was designed using mixed methods. The research aim and objectives are achieved through a five-stage research process. The findings showed a general discontent among students and academics with higher education, and a near unanimity on the need for reform, particularly in the areas of teaching methods, curricula and university staff. The findings demonstrated that cultural issues deeply rooted in Egyptian society are preventing reform from being effective. The reform of higher education in Egypt should not only be part of an economic development vision, but a wider strategic vision for societal and cultural reform too. Reforming higher education in Egypt is a challenge, which will require consistent methodological rigour and a transformation of the current corrupted education culture prior to implementing the proposed OECD recommendations, or at the very least concurrent with any implementation.
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Adsetts, Jacqueline. "Aspects of the demographic profile and standard of pharmaceutical services in South Africa / J. Adsetts." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/82.
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The objects of the South African Pharmacy Council in terms of the Pharmacy Act, 1974
(5311974) as amended are, inter alia, "to uphold and safeguard the rights of the general public
to universally acceptable standards of pharmacy practice in both the private and the public
sector" as well as "to establish, develop, maintain and control universally acceptable standards
of practice of the various categories of persons required to be registered.. ." One of the major
difficulties health care providers worldwide are faced with is how to maintain a proper balance
between the trio goals of health care, namely adequate access, high quality and acceptable
costs (Li, 2003:192-193). Relatively little is known about such problems as do exist for patients
regarding access to pharmaceutical services (Doucette et al., 1999:1268).
Two main objectives were identified for this study, namely to investigate the demographic profile
of community and institutional pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy Council;
and to determine the standard of pharmaceutical services provided by these pharmacies.
Inspection results of community and institutional pharmacies were obtained from the South
African Pharmacy Council and extracted for the time period 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2005.
To determine the demographic and geographic profile of these pharmacies, data of the Register
of Pharmacies of the South African Pharmacy Council for August 2003, 2004 and 2005 were
merged with the Census data of South Africa of 2001.
It was found that the total number of pharmacies in both the public and private sectors
increased with 2.1% (n=68) from August 2003 to August 2005. Public and private pharmacies that provided services directly to patients increased with 6.3% (n=33) and 1.3% (n=35) from
August 2003 to 2005. It was found that the Gauteng province was the best provided with
registered pharmacies in South Africa, as only 0.06% (n=5 783) of the population did not have
any registered pharmacy available on municipality level. It was also revealed that the majority
of inspections were carried out in Gauteng, whilst this province accounts for only 19.7% of the
total population of South Africa.
During the study period a total of 1178 community pharmacy inspections were carried out in
1103 community pharmacies (one or more inspections per pharmacy) representing 43% (n=2
550) of the total number of community pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy
Council during May 2005. Nationally community pharmacies achieved a score of 92.27 (+ 6.65
per cent) for compliance with Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines. The lowest compliance
score (73.34 + 27.49 per cent) was obtained for the availability of written standard operating
procedures and the highest was for the promotion of public health (99.02 + 6.30 per cent). No
practical significant differences (dc0.8) were found between the overall compliance scores
obtained by community pharmacies of the different provinces. The highest compliance score
was obtained by community pharmacies in the Free State (93.09 + 4.90 per cent), followed by
Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu Natal, Limpopo, Northern Cape, Gauteng, Mpumalanga
and the North West.
A total of 343 institutional pharmacy inspections (one or more inspections per pharmacy) were
carried out in public and state subsidised institutions (n=245), private institutions (n=90) and
mine hospitals (n=5). These pharmacies represented 46% of the total number of institutional
pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy Council during May 2005. Nationally all
institutional pharmacies (both private and public) achieved a score of 92.49 + 8.33 per cent for
compliance with Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines for all above-mentioned aspects.
Nationally public and state subsidised institutional pharmacies obtained a lower compliance
score (91.02 + 9.08 per cent) than private institutional pharmacies (96.39 + 3.91 per cent).
Lastly, a grading system was developed that was based on the results obtained through this
study, in order to quantify the standard of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacies in
South Africa.Thesis (M.Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Coetzer, Casper. "Capacity building through sustainable operations and maintenance : the Zeerust wastewater treatment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97275.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Providing basic access to water and sanitation is critical for poverty alleviation and stimulating economic growth, but at the same time it is putting a huge strain on South Africa’s existing economic infrastructure. Local governments allow their existing wastewater infrastructure to deteriorate to the extent that it no longer functions according to its design, and then apply for capital funding for refurbishment. Capital investment alone will not provide a sustainable solution to meet the increased demand on the ageing wastewater infrastructure, since local governments do not have the financial means and technical capacity to adequately maintain and operate their infrastructure. A paradigm shift is required to develop alternative and innovative business models to ensure a sustainable solution providing continued and consistent capacity as a basis for further expansion. Public-private partnerships (PPP) could provide a feasible solution towards building a sustainable technical capacity at local governments. Engaging the private sector must however not be aimed towards access to private sector finance, but rather the improvement in operational efficiency and increased level in service. Obtaining private sector finances will be the wrong focus for engaging in PPP undertakings in South Africa. Private operation must be combined with public financing. The design-build-operate (DBO) model with public financing would be highly viable. Such an arrangement will hold no financial risk to the private sector entity with revenue collection strictly remaining a local government function. The DBO method of delivery (with public funding) will be an effective way to realize cost savings, achieve efficiencies in construction and operation, utilize expertise, and most importantly, for skills transfers and capacity building at local government level. Ultimate sustainability will only be achieved once local government is able to raise the majority of its own funds for operation and maintenance through tariffs and other instruments, including some towards capital redemption. Grant funding must make provision for maintenance and operation of all capital funded projects. All shareholders must join forces in lobbying this concept at the highest political echelons because in terms of Section 154 of the Bill of Rights, national and provincial governments have a duty towards local governments to support and strengthen their capacity, to effectively perform their functions.
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Marek, Tomáš. "Ekonomická a institucionální analýza ochrany druhové rozmanitosti poskytovaná soukromým sektorem v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193277.
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The diploma thesis identifies the motivation of the land trusts in the Czech Republic and analyses the institutional environment, in which they work. Furthermore, it defines the factors influencing the activity and efficiency of the private land conservation and explores its relationship with the biodiversity conservation provided by the public sector. The method used is an analytical narrative consisting of the combination of oral narration and socio-economic analytical methods. Interviews with selected land trusts managers were carried out and original case studies were created. As emerged from the analysis, land trusts are created in order to complete the state biodiversity conservation, upon which they are dependent mainly as far as money is concerned. The land trusts have most of the areas in a long-term tenancy. They do not have enough money to buy the areas. This is also proved by the shortage in business activities in comparison with foreign countries. The situation of private conservation abroad was examined as well and compared with the situation in this country. The main contribution of this diploma thesis is the fact that it creates the overview of private biodiversity conservation in the Czech Republic and abroad as one of the first thesis.
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Furtado, Isabela Brandão. "Efeitos da provisão pública de bens sobre a escolha de trabalho no setor formal e informal da economia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10929.
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This paper investigates role played by public good provision on individual's labor supply choice of working in formal or informal sector. An extension of Sandmo's (1981) tax evasion model, with the inclusion of government spending in the individual's utility function, provides theoretical motivation to analyze the effect of public good provision on the decision of individuals to allocate hours in the formal or informal sector. Using PNAD (National Household Sample Survey) 2008 and 2009 data it is possible to obtain information about households accessing infrastructure (water, electricity, sewage and garbage collection), using public school, college and health services as well as individual safety feeling. The empirical analysis establishes a correlation between infrastructure (negative), primary and secondary school, college, health and safety (positive) and the share of informal hours. These correlations may suggest that the provision of those public goods effects differently the formal and informal labor supply. Due to the large differences between individuals with and without access to public services, it is not possible to identify causal effect of public good provision on the probability of working in the formal sector.
Este trabalho investiga a relação entre a provisão de bens pelo setor público e a escolha dos indivíduos de trabalhar no setor formal ou informal da economia. A extensão do modelo de evasão fiscal de Sandmo (1981), com a inclusão do gasto do governo na utilidade dos indivíduos, estabelece motivação teórica para analisar o efeito do bem provido publicamente sobre a decisão dos indivíduos de alocar horas no setor formal ou informal. Utilizando dados da PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios) de 2008 e 2009, são obtidas informações sobre domicílios com acesso à infraestrutura (água, energia elétrica, esgotamento sanitário e coleta de lixo), utilização de Educação Básica, Ensino Superior, serviços públicos de saúde e sentimento de segurança dos indivíduos. A análise empírica estabelece uma correlação entre infraestrutura (negativa), Educação Básica, Ensino Superior, saúde e segurança (positiva) e a proporção de horas dedicadas ao trabalho informal. Isto pode sugerir que a provisão destes bens afeta o mercado de trabalho formal e informal de maneira diferenciada. Devido à grande diferença entre indivíduos com e sem acesso aos serviços públicos, não é possível identificar efeito causal do bem provido publicamente sobre a probabilidade de trabalhar no setor formal.
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Nönnig, Constanze. "Die Rolle kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen im Zentrum einer kooperativen Aufgabenerledigung zwischen Staat und Privatwirtschaft im Bereich der örtlichen Elektrizitätsversorgung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82205.
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Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Verantwortung der Kommunen für die Versorgung der örtlichen Bevölkerung mit Elektrizität: Woraus kann sie hergeleitet werden, welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus ihr für die Kommunen und welche Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Kooperation mit der Privatwirtschaft zu? Die in drei Teile gegliederte Arbeit befasst sich in ihrem ersten Teil mit den allgemeinen Grundlagen und der Entwicklung kommunaler Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die gesetzlichen Zielvorgaben in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft und die kommunale Verantwortung für ihr Erreichen. Der dritte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen kooperativer Staatstätigkeit und dem Potenzial der Anwendung von Kooperationsmodellen im Bereich der örtlichen ElektrizitätsversorgungThe dissertation ist focused on the responsibility of municipalities to supply local populations with electricity: Where can it be derived from, what consequences for municipalities arise from it and what role does the cooperation with private sector have in this context? The thesis is divided into three parts; the first part deals with the basic principles and the development of municipal electric utilities. The second part focuses on both statutory normative targets in the electricity supply industry and the municipality's responsibility to achieve them. Finally, the third part discusses the preconditions of cooperative government activity and the potential of cooperation models for application to local power supply