Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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TSOMDZO, Kossi Atsutsè Dziédzom, Yacobou SANOUSSI, and Kwami Ossadzifo WONYRA. "Déterminants des dépenses publiques de santé en Afrique subsaharienne." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 6, no. 2 (2021): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2021.2.6.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of public health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, a dynamic panel model was used for a sample of 32 sub-Saharan African countries covering the period 2009 to 2018, which was then subdivided into four subgroups for further analysis. The fixed effect model estimation and the SGMM estimator approach were used to obtain the results in the African context. However, the LSDV-corrected estimator was used for the results for the different regions. The estimation results show that public health expenditure is mainly positively influenced by gross domestic product, policies that aim to improve the health status of the population as measured by infant and child mortality rates, the proportion of the population under 15 years of age, and the population density in rural areas.
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Harries, Anthony D., Erik J. Schouten, Anne Ben-Smith, Rony Zachariah, Sam Phiri, Wesley O. O. Sangala, and Andreas Jahn. "Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Doctor 39, no. 4 (September 17, 2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2009.090022.

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Gisselquist, D. "Denialism undermines AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008180.

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Some denialists, widely reviled, contend that HIV does not cause AIDS. Other denialists, widely respected, contend that HIV transmits so poorly through trace blood exposures that iatrogenic infections are rare. This second group of denialists has had a corrosive effect on public health and HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Guided by this second group of denialists, no African government has investigated unexplained HIV infections. Denialists have withheld and ignored research findings showing that non-sexual risks account for substantial proportions of HIV infections in Africa. Denialists have promoted invasive procedures for HIV prevention in Africa – injections for sexually transmitted infections, and adult male circumcision – without addressing unreliable sterilization of reused instruments. By denying that health care causes more than rare infections, denialists blame (stigmatize) HIV-positive African adults for causing their own infections through sexual behaviour. Denialism must be overcome to ensure safe health care and to combat HIV-related stigma in Africa.
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Rees, Chris A., Mohsin Ali, Rodrick Kisenge, Readon C. Ideh, Stephanie J. Sirna, Carl D. Britto, Peter N. Kazembe, Michelle Niescierenko, Christopher P. Duggan, and Karim P. Manji. "Where there is no local author: a network bibliometric analysis of authorship parasitism among research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e006982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006982.

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IntroductionAuthorship parasitism (ie, no authors affiliated with the country in which the study took place) occurs frequently in research conducted in low-income and middle-income countries, despite published recommendations defining authorship criteria. The objective was to compare characteristics of articles exhibiting authorship parasitism in sub-Saharan Africa to articles with author representation from sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsA bibliometric review of articles indexed in PubMed published from January 2014 through December 2018 reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa was performed. Author affiliations were assigned to countries based on regular expression algorithms. Choropleth maps and network diagrams were created to determine where authorship parasitism occurred, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associated factors.ResultsOf 32 061 articles, 14.8% (n=4754) demonstrated authorship parasitism, which was most common among studies from Somalia (n=175/233, 75.1%) and Sao Tome and Principe (n=20/28, 71.4%). Authors affiliated with USA and UK institutions were most commonly involved in articles exhibiting authorship parasitism. Authorship parasitism was more common in articles: published in North American journals (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50) than in sub-Saharan African journals, reporting work from multiple sub-Saharan African countries (aOR 8.41, 95% CI 7.30 to 9.68) compared with work from upper-middle income sub-Saharan African countries, with <5 authors (aOR 14.46, 95% CI 12.81 to 16.35) than >10 authors, and was less common in articles published in French (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.85) than English.ConclusionsAuthorship parasitism was common in articles reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. There were reliable predictors of authorship parasitism. Investigators and institutions in high-income countries, as well as funding agencies and journals should promote research from sub-Saharan Africa, including its publication, in a collaborative and equitable manner.
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Streefland, Pieter. "Public health care under pressure in sub-Saharan Africa." Health Policy 71, no. 3 (March 2005): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.06.002.

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Lekpa, F. K., S. Ndongo, A. Pouye, J. W. Tiendrebeogo, A. C. Ndao, M. M. Ka, and T. M. Diop. "Amyloidosis in sub-Saharan Africa." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 22, no. 3 (July 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2012.0085.

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Blum, Robert W. "Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Adolescent Health 41, no. 3 (September 2007): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.005.

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Falchetta, Giacomo, Ahmed T. Hammad, and Soheil Shayegh. "Planning universal accessibility to public health care in sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009172117.

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Achieving universal health care coverage—a key target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 3—requires accessibility to health care services for all. Currently, in sub-Saharan Africa, at least one-sixth of the population lives more than 2 h away from a public hospital, and one in eight people is no less than 1 h away from the nearest health center. We combine high-resolution data on the location of different typologies of public health care facilities [J. Maina et al., Sci. Data 6, 134 (2019)] with population distribution maps and terrain-specific accessibility algorithms to develop a multiobjective geographic information system framework for assessing the optimal allocation of new health care facilities and assessing hospitals expansion requirements. The proposed methodology ensures universal accessibility to public health care services within prespecified travel times while guaranteeing sufficient available hospital beds. Our analysis suggests that to meet commonly accepted universal health care accessibility targets, sub-Saharan African countries will need to build ∼6,200 new facilities by 2030. We also estimate that about 2.5 million new hospital beds need to be allocated between new facilities and ∼1,100 existing structures that require expansion or densification. Optimized location, type, and capacity of each facility can be explored in an interactive dashboard. Our methodology and the results of our analysis can inform local policy makers in their assessment and prioritization of health care infrastructure. This is particularly relevant to tackle health care accessibility inequality, which is not only prominent within and between countries of sub-Saharan Africa but also, relative to the level of service provided by health care facilities.
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Masiira, Ben, Simon N. Antara, Herbert B. Kazoora, Olivia Namusisi, Notion T. Gombe, Alain N. Magazani, Patrick M. Nguku, et al. "Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (October 2020): e002874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874.

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Public health emergency (PHE) response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequate skilled public health workforce and underfunding. Since 2005, the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) has been supporting field epidemiology capacity development and innovative strategies are required to use this workforce. In 2018, AFENET launched a continental rapid response team: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives (ACoDD). ACoDD comprises field epidemiology graduates and residents and was established to support PHE response. Since 2018, AFENET has deployed the ACoDD to support response to several PHEs. The main challenges faced during ACoDD deployments were financing of operations, ACoDD safety and security, resistance to interventions and distrust of the responders by some communities. Our experience during these deployments showed that it was feasible to mobilise and deploy ACoDD within 48 hours. However, the sustainability of deployments will depend on establishing strong linkages with the employers of ACoDD members. PHEs are effectively controlled when there is a fast deployment and strong linkages between the stakeholders. There are ongoing efforts to strengthen PHE preparedness and response in sub-Saharan Africa. ACoDD members are a competent workforce that can effectively augment PHE response. ACoDD teams mentored front-line health workers and community health workers who are critical in PHE response. Public health emergence response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequacies in a skilled workforce and underfunding. ACoDD can be utilised to overcome the challenges of accessing a skilled public health workforce. To improve health security in sub-Saharan Africa, more financing of PHE response is needed.
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Kabakama, Severin, Eveline T. Konje, Jerome Nyhalah Dinga, Colman Kishamawe, Imran Morhason-Bello, Peter Hayombe, Olufela Adeyemi, et al. "Commentary on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070130.

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Rates of vaccination against COVID-19 remain lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other low and middle-income regions. This is, in part, attributed to vaccine hesitancy, mainly due to misinformation about vaccine origin, efficacy and safety. From August to December 2021, we gathered the latest experiences and opinions on four vaccine hesitancy-related areas (policies, perceived risk religious beliefs, and misinformation) from 12 sub-Saharan African researchers, four of whom have published about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The authors included two political and business experts, six public health specialists, five epidemiologists, and four biostatisticians from ten sub-Saharan African countries( Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). The authors’ overarching opinions were that political influences, religious beliefs and low perceived risk exists in sub-Saharan Africa, and they collectively contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Communication strategies should target populations initially thought by policy makers to be at low risk, use multiple communication avenues and address major concerns in the population.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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dubeck, owen. "Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2164.

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While most of the world has been able to dramatically reduce extreme poverty rates, Sub-Saharan Africa has failed to do so and is the only region in the world with more people living in extreme poverty than thirty years ago. This thesis will develop a policy framework for alleviating poverty by drawing from countries that are performing surprisingly well and poorly in the region. The thesis concludes with an analysis of whether education, health, or agricultural sectors should be receiving more or less funding based on expected rates of return and the feasibility of policy successes.
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Raifman, Julia Rebecca Goldberg. "Essays on HIV and Malaria Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121147.

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Malaria and HIV are the two diseases that cause the most disability and loss of life in sub-Saharan Africa. Treatments play a critical role in ameliorating the impact of these diseases on patients and their communities. This dissertation focuses on three elements of treatment: The impact of HIV treatment on childhood education, integration of HIV care and sexual and reproductive healthcare, and adherence to treatment. In chapter one, we assessed the impact of adult HIV treatment on the educational attainment of children in the same household through a regression discontinuity analysis. Adult HIV treatment results in large gains in the educational attainment of children in the same household (intention-to-treat [ITT]: 0.30 years, p=0.017; complier average causal effect [CACE]: 1.17, p=0.036). This increase in educational attainment is important for increasing individual and community well-being and human capital. In chapter two, we estimated the association between moving through the HIV treatment cascade and contraceptive use through a bivariate probit analysis. We find large increases in condom use among HIV-positive women as they move through the treatment cascade, with increases of 22.8 percentage points (p<0.001) among women on ART for 4-7 years relative to women who are unaware of their HIV-positive status. This finding is a positive indication of the integration of HIV care and reproductive healthcare. In chapter three, we conducted a randomized trial to assess the impact of text message reminders on adherence to antimalarial treatment and in chapter four we estimated whether patient factors predict antimalarial treatment adherence and modify the impact of text reminders using logistic regression models. We found that a short, simple text message reminder increases adherence to antimalarial treatment (OR: 1.45, p=0.030) and that no patient factors we assessed statistically significantly predicted antimalarial treatment adherence. While adherence to treatment remains difficult to predict, short, simple text message reminders could increase antimalarial treatment adherence.
Global Health and Population
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Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu. "Malaria Vector Control in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impact and Economic Evaluation of Larviciding." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14117762.

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The last decade witnessed the important scaled-up of malaria control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is now renewed impetus to achieve the long-term goal of malaria elimination and reducing vectorial capacity of the Anopheles mosquito is a necessary first step towards this objective. Relying solely on the two pillars of malaria vector control (i.e., insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying) will be insufficient to achieve elimination in much of SSA, however. Larval Source Management, and larviciding in particular, could play an important role in areas where breeding habitats are ‘few, fixed, and findable’ or where malaria vectors exhibit exophagic and exophilic behaviors, and in settings where insecticide resistance has emerged. Yet, only few contemporary studies have investigated the effectiveness of larviciding for malaria control despite historical success. Using the wealth of data from Dar es Salaam’s Urban Malaria Control Program (2004-2008), this dissertation will first assess the impact of a community-based larviciding program on prevalence of malaria infection in 15 urban wards of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). The cost-effectiveness of this intervention will then be estimated from both a provider and a societal perspective. Finally, in a context of accelerated malaria control, the effect of reducing malaria transmission on disease-related behavior and knowledge will be examined. Results suggest that the larviciding intervention had a significant protective effect, decreasing by 21% the odds of being infected with malaria. Larviciding was found to be cost-effective for incidences as low as 40 infections per 1,000 individuals per year but the cost-effectiveness ratios were highly dependent on the assumed baseline malaria incidence rates. Such a successful intervention could also bring about further challenges to sustaining gains in reducing malaria transmission as the larviciding intervention was found to negatively affect bednet usage and knowledge of disease symptoms. Collectively, these results imply that larviciding should be considered as part of an Integrated Vector Management approach in SSA, if local eco-epidemiological conditions are suitable, and that there is a need to sustain behavioral change communication following successful vector control interventions.
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Palmier, Jane B. "Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Students in sub-Saharan Africa." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/183.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among youth in sub-Saharan Africa and to evaluate differences in such prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation to identify how risk behaviors vary by gender across country settings. METHODS: Analyses are based on the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Botswana (N=2197; 2005), Kenya (N=3691; 2003), Tanzania (N=2176; 2006), Uganda (N=3215; 2003) and Zambia (N=2257; 2004) of students primarily 13 to 16 years of age. Logistic regression analyses were computed to determine the associations between correlates (i.e., hunger, current alcohol use, problem drinking, bullying victimization, sadness, loneliness, worrying, having no close friends, missed school, illicit drug use, physical fights, physical attacks and early sexual initiation) and suicidal ideation for all students and between boys and girls. RESULTS: The results showed variability in the prevalence of suicidal ideation across these countries. Zambia had the highest prevalence of suicidal ideation (31.9%) among all students, followed by Kenya (27.9%), Botswana (23.1%), Uganda (19.6%) and Tanzania (11.2%). Sadness was the most commonly associated correlate of suicidal ideation among students. Sadness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Sadness remained significantly associated among boys and girls across the same countries. CONCLUSION: The associations between the risk factors examined and suicidal ideation have helped to increase the understanding of an ignored, but critical issue in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is an urgent need for additional research in this area in addition to greater suicide prevention efforts in sub-Saharan African countries.
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Mwaka, Nelly Mary Apiyo. "A discourse analysis of gender in the public health curriculum in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24983.

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Gender inequalities are still widely pervasive and deeply institutionalised, particularly in Africa, where the burden of disease is highly gendered. The public health sector has been slow in responding to and addressing gender as a determinant of health. The purpose of this inquiry was to gain a deeper insight into the different ways in which gender was represented in the public health curriculum in sub-Saharan Africa. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken on gender in the curriculum in nine autonomous schools of public health in sub-Saharan Africa. Official curriculum documents were analysed and in-depth interviews were held with fourteen staff members of two schools that served as case studies. A content analysis of the data was carried out, followed by discourse analysis. A poststructuralist theoretical framework was used as the ‘lens’ for interpreting the findings. Most of the official curricula were ‘layered’, with gender not appearing on the surface. Gender was represented mainly as an implicit discourse and appeared explicitly in only one core course and a few elective modules. The overwhelmingly dominant discourse in the official curricula was the ‘woman’ discourse, with a strong emphasis on the reproductive and maternal roles of women, while discourses on men, sexuality and power relations seemed to be marginalised. Gender discourses that emerged from the in-depth interviews with participants were lodged in biological, social and academic discourses on gender. The dominant discourses revolved around sexual difference and role differences based on sex. Participants drew on societal discourses (family, culture and religion), academic discourses and their lived experiences to explain their understandings of gender. Their narratives on the teaching of gender showed that gender was not taught or received a low priority and that it was insufficiently addressed in the public health curriculum. Barriers to teaching gender were: lack of knowledge, resources and commitment; resistance; and competing priorities. From this study it emerged that curriculum and the production of gender knowledge are sites of struggle that result in multiple understandings of gender that are manifest in dominant and marginalised discourses. Prevailing institutional power relations mirror dominant societal and political discourses that have a fundamental effect on curriculum decisions and resource allocations. This interplay between dominant discourses and power relations, underpinned by a strong biomedical paradigm, could explain the positioning of gender as an implicit representation in the curriculum, with a more explicit focus on gender in the elective modules than in the compulsory or core courses. Being implicitly represented, gender does not compete with other priorities for additional resources. It is recommended that the public health curriculum be reconceptualised by: accommodating multiple understandings of gender; questioning constructed dominant gender discourses; considering broader, varied and complex social, cultural, economic, historical and political contexts in which gender is constructed and experienced; and moving from curriculum technicalities to understanding the curriculum as a process and not a product.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
Unrestricted
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Mavodza, Constancia. "Gender analysis: Sub-Saharan African nurses' migration experiences - a systematic review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25456.

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Alleviating the global shortage of health workers, particularly nurses, is critical for health systems and health worker performance. Nurses are mostly women and make up the majority of the health workforce. Several factors have been identified as key players in the shortage crisis and migration is one of these factors. Nurses' migration from Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) increases the nurse shortage in the region and further constraints the already struggling health systems. Migration literature has dominantly focused on macro push-pull, brain drain and ethics theories of migration with limited exploration of relationships, interaction, norms, beliefs and values shaping migration trajectories and decisions. Despite the potential role of gender as an influential component of migration trajectories, there has been little research done to investigate gender in the context of migration of SSA nurses. This review aims to identify, describe, and summarize SSA nurses' migration experiences by assessing the influence of gender on these experiences. The dissertation is organized into 3 parts. Part A is a systematic review protocol that describes the background, justification and methodology of the review. A scoping exercise is conducted to to familiarize with the literature. This is followed by a qualitative systematic approach is utilised and the literature in eight databases is searched using key words and terms derived from an initial scoping exercise and the review questions. Suitable articles are defined and selected using a set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The suitable articles are then appraised and a thematic analysis using a gender focal lens is applied to them. Part B is a literature review of existing primary and theoretical research on health worker shortages; migration and gender analysis in health worker migration and shortages. It provides a background for the systematic review by defining migration, gender and gender analysis as well as presenting the scope on health worker and nurse shortages. The literature review encompasses the scoping exercise and concludes on the relevance of a gender-focused research on nurse migration. Part C. is the full systematic review presented as an article for Human Resources for Health Journal. Articles published on Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nurses' migration experiences between 2005 and 2016 are presented, subjected to a gender analysis to illuminate the results. The discussion and conclusion then follow. The results indicate that there is a paucity of empirical work on nurse migration experiences that is explicitly gender-focused. Gender analysis that is situated in social contexts and identifiers revealed that SSA nurses continuously renegotiate and reconfigure gender roles in child care as they move from one social context to another. Moreover migrating SSA nurse face challenges and limitations at macro, meso and micro levels of the system- that are linked to their identities as either professionals, African migrants and/or women. Therefore, the review underscores the importance of the relationships between gender and local/individual nuances and global/national determinants of migration. However, these studies are limited in their explicit gender and social focus and how it contextually affects health worker performance and quality care provision. More empirical studies are needed to investigate gender influences for migrating male nurses; nurses who remain; and by different geographical & cultural region – to allow comparison across different groups of nurses and determine conceptual generalizations for doing gender research. This dissertation will likely increase understanding of the role of gender in migration decision-making and experiences for SSA nurses across different professional, migrant and woman identities. This understanding has impacts on nurse motivation, capacity and capability as well quality care provision. Additionally, the dissertation provides a better understanding for incorporating gender analysis in health systems research, and also identifies avenues for future research.
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Sambala, Evanson Zondani. "Ethics of planning for, and responding to, pandemic influenza in Sub Saharan Africa : qualitative study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14475/.

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This thesis argues that ethical issues in Ghana and Malawi represent barriers to pandemic influenza management and prevention. The ways in which ethical issues arise and are manifested are poorly understood, in part because there is little knowledge and inadequate Planning for, and Response to, Pandemic Influenza (PRPI). Rather than offering simple answers, this thesis describes how ethical problems emerge in the course of pandemic authorities performing their everyday duties. The central aim is to understand what ethical issues mean to policymakers and how they may be resolved. An extensive review of the experiences of the 1918 influenza pandemic including the epidemiology is examined to illustrate the profound impact of the disease and lessons that can be learnt. The study operates at two distinct but related levels. Firstly there is an investigation of PRPI at a broad level. Secondly, an exploration of the ethical issues that emerges from PRPI within the analytical framework of decision-making models. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews is used to conduct the study with a “purposive sampling” of forty six policymakers from Malawi (22) and Ghana (24). Utilizing existing normative ethical theories, but acknowledging theoretical and empirical approaches to public health ethics and bioethics, this thesis provides a contextual public health framework to study broad moral problems in particular situations. The findings of the study reveal that normative claims can successfully influence policy if substantiated with empirical evidence. Ethical problems are highly practical and contextual in nature, occurring differently in the context of particular settings, cultures, values and moral judgments. Policymakers interviewed identified ethical problems in relation to four key areas: the extent and role of resources in PRPI, the nature of public health interventions (PHIs), the extent of the impact of PHIs and the extent and process of decision-making, reasoning and justification. Policymakers resolved ethical problems by simply applying rules, work norms and common sense without moral and flexible principle-driven thinking. Policymakers’ technical knowledge of ethics is inadequate for balancing the hard pressed moral tensions that may arise between the demands of civil liberties and public health. These results underscore the need to update overall goals in pandemic operations, training and education. Most importantly, an ethical framework remains an important part of dealing with ethical problems. A process of developing an ethical framework is proposed, but the key to combating any ethical problem lies in understanding the PRPI strategy.
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Nsengiyumva, Ladislas. "Supporting a Human Rights Agenda: A Three-Pillar Virtue-Based Personal and Social Anthropology of Public Health Policy for Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107471.

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Thesis advisor: James F. Keenan
Thesis advisor: Andrea Vicini
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the worst health care systems in the world. Besides, underdeveloped economies paired with political instability do not offer much hope for improvement. In fact, despite many efforts by local, international organizations and governments to help in this field, the majority of the populations in this region do not have access to basic health care. With this in mind, the aim of this research project is to develop a personal and social anthropology of the human rights language read through the lens of the common good in order to contribute to creating and developing sustainable healthcare systems. While agreeing that many efforts have been made using different frameworks in the sphere of public health ethics in the past two decades and aware of the possibility that other underlying causes may have contributed to the failure of health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa, we will choose to address the human rights language as the main interlocutor for future contribution. This choice is motivated by the influence of human rights on public health policies that affect the lives of people in general
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Duby, Zoe. "Heterosexual penile/anal intercourse and HIV in five sub-Saharan African countries." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15485.

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The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is understood to be primarily 'sexually transmitted'. The majority of HIV prevention efforts in the region have focused on 'heterosexual sex' as the key transmission vector, without defining what 'heterosexual sex' refers to. Penile-anal intercourse (PAI) has the highest per act risk of HIV acquisition sexually and potentially accounts for a large proportion of HIV infection. Inclusion of PAI in HIV programming has typically only been in reference to men who have sex with men. Despite evidence suggesting that heterosexual PAI is common practice in sub-Saharan Africa, and is likely to be a significant contributor to HIV transmission, it has been largely excluded from HIV interventions. Greater understanding of sexual decision-making and risk-taking related to heterosexual PAI would enable evidence-based HIV intervention. This thesis presents data on conceptualisations and perceptions of heterosexual PAI and associated practices in sub-Saharan Africa, language and discourse pertaining to PAI, as well as challenges in conducting research on it. Qualitative data were gathered in five sub-Saharan African countries between 2010 and 2014. These findings demonstrate that heterosexual PAI is practiced in sub-Saharan Africa for a variety of reasons, some of which have implications for HIV transmission. Many of the factors that influence sexual decision-making and risk-taking related to heterosexual PAI are specific to this sexual behaviour. In addition, the relationship contexts in which heterosexual PAI takes place, gendered power dynamics, sexual agency and 'sexual scripts' framing PAI behaviour, are distinct from those for penile/vaginal intercourse. HIV transmission risks associated with PAI are exacerbated by taboos, social stigmatisation and sexual communication norms, impeding effective communication and safe sex negotiation, limiting individuals' ability to make informed decisions, and impacting on the reporting of PAI in research and clinical settings. Drawing on socio-behavioural theories to guide the data analysis, I developed theoretical models to explain and understand heterosexual PAI practice. The findings presented in this thesis make a unique contribution to the field, being the first in-depth description and analysis of heterosexual PAI behaviour and related practices in sub-Saharan Africa. This research highlights the importance of paying careful attention to the role of heterosexual PAI in HIV transmission in Africa.
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Sinyangwe, Henry K. J. "Risk-Taking Behaviors of First-Generation Sub-Saharan African-Born U.S. Resident Men." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7077.

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African-born residents of the United States have a higher incidence of HIV than African Americans. Factors such as lifestyle, habits, behavior practices, and activities may predispose African-born residents to behave sexually in ways that place them at risk of becoming infected with HIV. This study used a qualitative narrative approach to understand the lived experiences first generation Sub-Saharan African-born men who are U.S. residents to analyze the behaviors that expose them to HIV. To analyze data, the study used the health-belief model as the conceptual framework and NVivo for data analysis to assist in identifying, categorizing, and analyzing common themes and grouping unstructured data. The study used a purposive convenience sampling of 14 first generation Sub-Saharan African-born men who are U.S. residents residing in the states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and discovered that they engage in sexual risk taking behaviors which include: having multiple sexual partners, preferring heterosexual relationships without a condom, have limited knowledge of HIV prevalence in the United States, and preferring to have sex with both African born females and American born women who are thought to be healthy. Their tendency to visit strip clubs, visit sex houses, and to abuse alcohol was also apparent in the study. Social change implications include adding new relevant knowledge in the understanding of how HIV spreads among Sub-Saharan African-born male U.S. residents by discovering the risk behaviors in which Sub-Saharan African men engage to expose themselves to contracting HIV disease. This knowledge can influence future health education efforts and target culture specific behaviors.
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Books on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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T, Jamison Dean, ed. Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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Parker, Iqbal. Health and human well-being in Sub-Saharan Africa. [Hatfield, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa]: ICSU Regional Office for Africa, 2007.

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Doumani, Fadi M. Environmental health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A road map. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002.

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Nolan, Brian. Cost recoveryin public health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1995.

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1937-, Nissen Nico J., ed. Animal health services in sub-Saharan Africa: Alternative approaches. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1985.

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Nolan, Brian. Cost recovery in public health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1995.

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Court of Auditors of the European Communities. EC development assistance to health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

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Court of Auditors of the European Communities. EC development assistance to health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

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Court of Auditors of the European Communities. EC development assistance to health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

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Court of Auditors of the European Communities. EC development assistance to health services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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Manyanda, Kegomoditswe, David Sidney Mangwegape, Wazha Dambe, and Ketwesepe Hendrick. "Prevention of Substance Use among the Youth: A Public Health Priority." In Substance Use and Misuse in sub-Saharan Africa, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85732-5_10.

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Ngom, Roland. "Public Health Challenges with Sub-Saharan African Informal Settlements." In Handbook of Global Urban Health, 718–30. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315465456-42.

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Munoriyarwa, Allen, and Albert Chibuwe. "‘This Is a Punishment to America’ Framing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe’s Mainstream Media." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 201–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_12.

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AbstractDrawing on framing, at both methodological and theoretical levels, this chapter examines the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in two mainstream Zimbabwean weekly newspapers. The chapter answers two questions: In what ways did the mainstream media in Zimbabwe frame the COVID-19 pandemic? To what extent did the coverage sync with the public sphere model of biocommunicability? We note that the private mainstream press largely adopted a thematic framing approach of the ruling regime’s COVID-19 plan, by highlighting corruption, mismanagement, and overt politicisation of the pandemic. The state-controlled public press broadly adopted a episodic framing approach that focused on the state’s COVID-19 intervention over time, mostly presenting these interventions as a success story. We argue that the episodic framing approach of the private press attempted to hold the state to account. The thematic framing approach of the state-controlled public press backgrounded the regime’s failure to stem the pandemic tide and presented the intervention in ‘sunshine journalism’. Both framing approaches violated established health reporting practices, as outlined in the biocommunicability model. We conclude that ‘the hear, speak and see no evil news framing approach’ of the public media and the anti-regime frames prevalent in the private press reflect prevalent media polarisation.
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Ugbo, Gregory Obinna, Chinonye Faith Chinedu-Okeke, and Jude Nwakpoke Ogbodo. "Citizen Journalism and Health Communication in Pandemics’ Prevention and Control." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 183–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_11.

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AbstractCitizen journalism has introduced new ways of communicating and engaging the public. It has further created a shift in technology that enabled individuals to create and access more news faster than before. Thus, communicating health crisis no longer depends on the use of conventional media. The disruption in the communication landscape means that more people are now more conversant with the use of social media to create or access news. Citizen journalism has unlocked the information gateway and made pandemic reporting more viral and instantaneous, although with some shortcomings. Thus, news about the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic is readily available on the Internet and social media. This chapter, therefore, examines the impact of citizen journalism and health communication in pandemics’ prevention and control. Underpinned by the Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action, the chapter offers an insight into how citizen journalism could be effectively employed to communicate the prevention and control of pandemics. Relevant literature was systematically reviewed, and it shows that access to pandemic messages no longer follows the conventional process of news making and consumption as many people now actively albeit, unprofessionally, participate in these processes. Howbeit, the dangers of such unprofessional practice are admitted.
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Mututwa, Wishes Tendayi, and Akpojivi Ufuoma. "Critical Journalism and Media Convergence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Representation of Corruption in Zimbabwean Online News." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 75–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_5.

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AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, which began in China’s Wuhan province in December 2019, has impacted nation states, highlighting their approaches and abilities to fight the pandemic. In Zimbabwe, attempts at fighting the pandemic have opened the floodgates for COVID-19-related corruption by “Covidpreneurs”-the politically connected and public officials. Therefore, in this chapter, we seek to examine the role of critical journalism and media convergence in exposing COVID-19-related corruption in Zimbabwe. Using qualitative content analysis on Zimlive newspaper stories culled over 1 month (1–30 June), interviews with media practitioners, and media convergence theory as a lens, this chapter critically looks at the discourses from Zimlive, and how these discourses expose corruption scandals involving COVID-19 funds. The study argues that critical journalism, taking advantage of digital technologies, was pivotal in exposing COVID-19 corruption in Zimbabwe.
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Dralega, Carol Azungi. "Media Viability, Covid-19 and the ‘Darwinian’ Experience in Southern Africa: Glimpses from Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 53–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_4.

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AbstractPolitical economy predicates suggest that media viability is about the influence and balance between politics and economics of media systems. It is about survival and control. This logic informs this study, which seeks to gain insights into the impact of Covid-19 on media viability in Southern Africa. For decades, the media industry in Southern Africa, and indeed globally, has been trapped in an existential struggle—experiencing, for instance, the steady demise of traditional business models amidst rapid technological developments and proliferation of digital communication, waning trust in legacy media, and an unconducive political and legislative environment. In this qualitative study, we learn from leading industry experts from eight countries about the wide-ranging impact and paradoxes of the pandemic on the media industry—a phenomenon some have referred to as ‘a Darwinian moment’ or ‘media extinction event’. In this study media-house size and ownership, trustworthiness and ability to fully switch to digital operations were key to survival, as was the need for newsroom and work-form restructuring. The study raises concerns over the Covid-19-exacerbated dangers regarding journalists’ welfare and cautions against the deepening threats to press freedom, the further marginalisation of minority groups and the relegation of the media’s public interest role.
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Tshabangu, Thulani, and Abiodun Salawu. "Constructive Journalism and COVID-19 Safe Nation Narratives in The Herald Newspaper: Implications for Journalism Ethics in Zimbabwe." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 95–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_6.

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AbstractThe coverage of crises such as the global health pandemic, COVID-19, is to a large extent guided by national interest, journalistic culture, and editorial policies of media outlets. This chapter argues that the state-controlled newspaper, The Herald, in Zimbabwe deployed constructive journalism as an approach to report COVID-19. Constructive journalism is about injecting positive angles into news reports whilst abiding by the core news values of accuracy, impartiality, and balance. The findings reveal that constructive journalism elements of solutions orientation, future orientation, and explanation and contextualisation were frequently deployed by The Herald to advance a safe nation narrative whose objective was to prevent public hysteria in the face of a deadly COVID-19 outbreak in the country. The chapter concludes that the deployment of constructive journalism in less developed countries like Zimbabwe to inspire hope through positive psychology in the face of global crises does not always yield the intended outcomes.
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Tshuma, Bhekizulu Bethaphi, Lungile Augustine Tshuma, and Nonhlanhla Ndlovu. "Media Discourses on Gender in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 267–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_16.

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AbstractMedia institutions always have a public obligation to disseminate news that is fair, balanced and gender sensitive, more so in times of crisis. Within the context of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, it is important that media provide a diverse, balanced and gender sensitive coverage that reflects existing inequalities in a society rather than merely prioritising statistics of the infection and its death rates. Informed by poststructuralist feminist theory and normative roles of the media, this chapter investigates the discursive parameters of gendered media discourses within the context of COVID-19. This chapter presents results from a case study of two main daily newspapers—the Chronicle and NewsDay—circulating in the country by investigating their representation of gender. Findings indicate that while there was generally more coverage of issues affecting women, both newspapers reinforced deeply rooted biases in their reporting. The findings further show that the emphasis was on gender-based violence with statistics indicating that it was on the rise during lockdown. We argue that newspapers must always strive for sensitive reporting that challenges hierarchical gender relations if the transformative potential of the media is to be realised.
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Napakol, Angella. "Framing the AIDS Discourse: A Critic of Journalistic Source Norms in Uganda’s HIV and AIDS Print News." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 237–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_14.

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AbstractThrough reportage, media have played a key role in HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness in Uganda. Uganda’s success in reducing the percentage of HIV infection together with key supportive factors such as political will have been discussed internationally. Media have been credited with relaying information about HIV/AIDS to different groups of people in the public and acting as change agents. This study looks at media as key players in the HIV and AIDS prevention journey in Uganda and therefore seeks to investigate how two major newspaper outlets; New Vision and Daily Monitor framed the issue of HIV/AIDS—looking particularly at the who, between authority and none authority sources contributed most to the HIV/AIDS narrative as news stories’ sources. A quantitative content analysis was carried out of New Vision and Daily Monitor newspapers’ articles spanning 20 years of coverage. Results indicate that despite the important role played, media depended more on authority sources of information compared to none authority sources. This paper argues that lay people such as PLWHA or their caregivers have lived experiences which if shared, could affect the adoption of recommended HIV/AIDS preventive measures.
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Mwacalimba, Kennedy. "Disease Control, Public Health and Food Safety: Food Policy Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa." In International Food Law and Policy, 1061–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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Stroetmann, Karl A., Toni Gonzalez Novell, and Carlos Gutierrez. "eSurveillance for public health — An implementation approach for sub-Saharan Africa." In 2017 IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/istafrica.2017.8102400.

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Ifeagwu, SC, J. Yang, R. Parkes-Ratanshi, and C. Brayne. "P21 Universal health coverage in sub-saharan Africa: implications for planetary health." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.117.

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Chelsea, Han Yu. "International Aid May Improve the Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa : A quantitative research studying the correlation between poverty and international aid." In 2020 International Conference on Public Health and Data Science (ICPHDS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icphds51617.2020.00041.

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Mensah, DO, O. Oyebode, RA Nunes, and R. Lillywhyte. "P39 Meat, fruit and vegetable consumption in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review and meta-regression." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.190.

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Šoltés, Martin, Daniel Kappler, Sascha Koberstaedt, and Markus Lienkamp. "Flexible, User- and Product-Centered Framework for Developing Frugal Products Based on a Case Study of a Vehicle for Sub-Saharan Africa." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70149.

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Through design thinking, a team of researchers and students from Nigeria, Ghana and Germany has identified rural transportation as a key enabler for addressing the most pressing challenges in the developing world. Since 2013, the team has been working together on designing a new vehicle concept for Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the project is to provide the rural population in Sub-Saharan Africa with an attractive mobility concept that helps to prevent the rural exodus and strengthens the independence of the rural regions. A promising concept must consider the specific market requirements and the resources available locally in order to address the heart of the problem as a “First Mile Vehicle”. This paper aims to introduce a holistic framework for frugal innovation and to analyze the process of deriving the vehicle concept meeting regional requirements until it is ready for serial production. The focus, therefore, is demand-driven development of a multifunctional electric vehicle that primarily provides mobility for the individual and transport of people and goods as a possible commercial basis. The result of the research and design process is a vehicle concept that meets the needs of the people living in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The first fully functional prototype of this vehicle was presented to the public at the Technical University of Munich in May 2016.
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Phillip, E., and P. Corcoran. "P24 Household air pollution and anaemia in women and children: a cross-sectional study of six sub-Saharan Africa countries." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.120.

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Little, MT, B. Larsen, L. Cluver, and DK Humphreys. "OP48 #A systematic review and theory synthesis for the impact of foreign aid on HIV/AIDS in sub-saharan africa." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.48.

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Yisma, E., B. Mol, J. Lynch, and L. Smithers. "OP101 The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding indicators in sub-saharan africa: a meta-analysis of demographic and health surveys." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.104.

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"PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL AND PARASITIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC FEMALES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OGBOMOSO." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/eklu3082.

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Urinary tract infection is one of the most important infection causing serious diseases in tropical and sub- tropical countries of Africa. Several factors have been associated with the high prevalence of urinary tract infections in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the urinary tract infection status among two hundred and forty (240) asymptomatic females over a period of six weeks (March to April 2022) among 240 females between the 20-50 years of age at Iluju and Saamo village, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty urine samples were collected from the females. The mid- stream urine samples collected were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites, after which they were cultured, biochemical findings and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also carried out. Out of the 240 samples, only 1(0.4%) was found positive for parasitic infection. 34(14.2%) were found to harbour Escherichia coli, 18(7.5%) were positive for Proteus mirabilis, 8(3.3%) were infected by Klebsiella pneumonia, 45(18.8%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Prevalence was found to be higher in women of reproductive age 21-25years (78%) than women above 40years (10.5%). The antimicrobial suspectibility profile indicates that the fluoroquinlonones were the most active antibacterial agents followed by the aminoglycosides. Trimethorim, oxacillim, amoxicillin showed very poor activity. This may be due to long term use of these drugs. The socio- economic status as well as the hygiene practice of the women influence the prevalence of urinary tract infections. Most of the women 134(55.8%) were aware about Urinary tract infection and 106 (44.2%) were unaware. Thus, the high infection rate among asymptomatic females in these villages were due to poor hygiene, lack of good toilet facilities and poor socio- economic status. Keywords: Bacterial, Parasitic, Rural, Ogbomoso, Females, hygiene
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Chong, Alice. "Abstract IA15: Breast cancer screening opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-ia15.

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Reports on the topic "Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan"

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Aslam, Monazza Aslam, and Shenila Rawal Rawal. Public-Private Partnerships and Private Actors in Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Toronto, Ontario Canada: Mastercard Foundation, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.36868.

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Brice, Jeremy. Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa. Edited by Tara Garnett. TABLE, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/d8817170.

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The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.
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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.

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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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Lucas, Adrienne, and Nicholas Wilson. Can at Scale Drug Provision Improve the Health of the Targeted in Sub-Saharan Africa? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23403.

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Bain, Luchuo Engelbert, and Darja Dobermann. Malaria, HIV and TB in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Epidemiology, Disease Control Challenges and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.034.

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Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are leading causes of death and public health threat to millions in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC is the second most malaria affected sub-Saharan African country after Nigeria, with malaria being the leading cause of death in children under 5 years (Lechthaler et al., 2019). The HIV prevalence in the country in the adult population stands at 1%, with extensive variations by region (UNAIDS, 2021c). The DRC is considered a high burden country for TB and HIV infection (Linguissi et al., 2017). This rapid review emphasizes significant elements of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV, and TB in DRC, as well as limitations in prevention, detection, and treatment, and examines a few interventions that aim to address these limitations. Evidence utilised is a mixture of the most recent grey literature NGO (programme reports and related documents) literature supplemented by peer reviewed academic literature from the past five years and national survey data when available. Although the clinical disease aspects of malaria, HIV and TB are well-researched there is less research available on socio-demographic variation, disease control challenges and interventions targeting these in the DRC. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Ayele, Seife, and Vianney Mutyaba. Chinese-Funded Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Public Debt and Transition to Renewable Energy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.063.

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While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.
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Bankole, Akinrinola, Lisa Remez, Onikepe Owolabi, Jesse Philbin, and Patrice Williams. From Unsafe to Safe Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Slow but Steady Progress. Guttmacher Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32446.

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This report represents the first comprehensive compilation of information about abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa and its four subregions. It offers a panorama of this hard-to-measure practice by assembling data on the incidence and safety of abortion, the extent to which the region’s laws restrict abortion, and how these laws have changed between 2000 and 2019. Many countries in this region have incrementally broadened the legal grounds for abortion, improved the safety of abortions, and increased the quality and reach of postabortion care. There is still much progress to be made, however, including enabling the region’s women to avoid unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The report concludes with recommendations for a broad range of actors to improve the sexual and reproductive health and autonomy of the region’s 255 million women of reproductive age.
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Occhiali, Giovanni, Doris Akol, and Philip M. Kargbo. ICT and Tax Administration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adopting ITAS in Uganda and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.014.

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The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector, including for tax administration, has been hailed as potentially transformational over the last few decades. Its impact has been less far-reaching than imagined. A literature examining the determinants of – and obstacles to – ICT adoption arose as a result, almost exclusively focusing on the experience of high-income countries. However, understanding the experience of adoption in low-income countries is equally important, especially given the potential role that ICTs can play in tackling various development issues, including increasing mobilisation of domestic revenue. To help fill this gap, we present two in-depth case studies of the process of adopting an integrated tax administration system (ITAS) in Uganda and Sierra Leone, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the respective revenue authorities and ministries of finance. Our analysis shows that many of the factors that facilitate and impede the adoption process are the same as those identified in high-income countries. However, we also identify some factors that are more likely to be relevant for low-income countries. These include the impact of the timeline for disbursing donor funding, the processes donors require to be used for procurement, and the quality of legacy data to be migrated into the new system. The need to embark on change management and re-engineering business processes was also recognised more fully than might have been expected in countries with relatively little prior experience in e-government services.
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Bärnighausen, Till, and David Bloom. "Conditional scholarships" for HIV/AIDS Health Workers: Educating and Retaining the Workforce to Provide Antiretroviral Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13396.

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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.

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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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