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Journal articles on the topic 'Public health – Africa, Sub-Saharan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

TSOMDZO, Kossi Atsutsè Dziédzom, Yacobou SANOUSSI, and Kwami Ossadzifo WONYRA. "Déterminants des dépenses publiques de santé en Afrique subsaharienne." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 6, no. 2 (2021): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2021.2.6.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of public health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, a dynamic panel model was used for a sample of 32 sub-Saharan African countries covering the period 2009 to 2018, which was then subdivided into four subgroups for further analysis. The fixed effect model estimation and the SGMM estimator approach were used to obtain the results in the African context. However, the LSDV-corrected estimator was used for the results for the different regions. The estimation results show that public health expenditure is mainly positively influenced by gross domestic product, policies that aim to improve the health status of the population as measured by infant and child mortality rates, the proportion of the population under 15 years of age, and the population density in rural areas.

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2

Harries, Anthony D., Erik J. Schouten, Anne Ben-Smith, Rony Zachariah, Sam Phiri, Wesley O. O. Sangala, and Andreas Jahn. "Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Doctor 39, no. 4 (September 17, 2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2009.090022.

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Gisselquist, D. "Denialism undermines AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008180.

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Some denialists, widely reviled, contend that HIV does not cause AIDS. Other denialists, widely respected, contend that HIV transmits so poorly through trace blood exposures that iatrogenic infections are rare. This second group of denialists has had a corrosive effect on public health and HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Guided by this second group of denialists, no African government has investigated unexplained HIV infections. Denialists have withheld and ignored research findings showing that non-sexual risks account for substantial proportions of HIV infections in Africa. Denialists have promoted invasive procedures for HIV prevention in Africa – injections for sexually transmitted infections, and adult male circumcision – without addressing unreliable sterilization of reused instruments. By denying that health care causes more than rare infections, denialists blame (stigmatize) HIV-positive African adults for causing their own infections through sexual behaviour. Denialism must be overcome to ensure safe health care and to combat HIV-related stigma in Africa.

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Rees, Chris A., Mohsin Ali, Rodrick Kisenge, Readon C. Ideh, Stephanie J. Sirna, Carl D. Britto, Peter N. Kazembe, Michelle Niescierenko, Christopher P. Duggan, and Karim P. Manji. "Where there is no local author: a network bibliometric analysis of authorship parasitism among research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e006982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006982.

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IntroductionAuthorship parasitism (ie, no authors affiliated with the country in which the study took place) occurs frequently in research conducted in low-income and middle-income countries, despite published recommendations defining authorship criteria. The objective was to compare characteristics of articles exhibiting authorship parasitism in sub-Saharan Africa to articles with author representation from sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsA bibliometric review of articles indexed in PubMed published from January 2014 through December 2018 reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa was performed. Author affiliations were assigned to countries based on regular expression algorithms. Choropleth maps and network diagrams were created to determine where authorship parasitism occurred, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associated factors.ResultsOf 32 061 articles, 14.8% (n=4754) demonstrated authorship parasitism, which was most common among studies from Somalia (n=175/233, 75.1%) and Sao Tome and Principe (n=20/28, 71.4%). Authors affiliated with USA and UK institutions were most commonly involved in articles exhibiting authorship parasitism. Authorship parasitism was more common in articles: published in North American journals (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50) than in sub-Saharan African journals, reporting work from multiple sub-Saharan African countries (aOR 8.41, 95% CI 7.30 to 9.68) compared with work from upper-middle income sub-Saharan African countries, with <5 authors (aOR 14.46, 95% CI 12.81 to 16.35) than >10 authors, and was less common in articles published in French (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.85) than English.ConclusionsAuthorship parasitism was common in articles reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. There were reliable predictors of authorship parasitism. Investigators and institutions in high-income countries, as well as funding agencies and journals should promote research from sub-Saharan Africa, including its publication, in a collaborative and equitable manner.

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Streefland, Pieter. "Public health care under pressure in sub-Saharan Africa." Health Policy 71, no. 3 (March 2005): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.06.002.

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Lekpa, F. K., S. Ndongo, A. Pouye, J. W. Tiendrebeogo, A. C. Ndao, M. M. Ka, and T. M. Diop. "Amyloidosis in sub-Saharan Africa." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 22, no. 3 (July 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2012.0085.

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Blum, Robert W. "Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Adolescent Health 41, no. 3 (September 2007): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.005.

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8

Falchetta, Giacomo, Ahmed T. Hammad, and Soheil Shayegh. "Planning universal accessibility to public health care in sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009172117.

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Achieving universal health care coverage—a key target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 3—requires accessibility to health care services for all. Currently, in sub-Saharan Africa, at least one-sixth of the population lives more than 2 h away from a public hospital, and one in eight people is no less than 1 h away from the nearest health center. We combine high-resolution data on the location of different typologies of public health care facilities [J. Maina et al., Sci. Data 6, 134 (2019)] with population distribution maps and terrain-specific accessibility algorithms to develop a multiobjective geographic information system framework for assessing the optimal allocation of new health care facilities and assessing hospitals expansion requirements. The proposed methodology ensures universal accessibility to public health care services within prespecified travel times while guaranteeing sufficient available hospital beds. Our analysis suggests that to meet commonly accepted universal health care accessibility targets, sub-Saharan African countries will need to build ∼6,200 new facilities by 2030. We also estimate that about 2.5 million new hospital beds need to be allocated between new facilities and ∼1,100 existing structures that require expansion or densification. Optimized location, type, and capacity of each facility can be explored in an interactive dashboard. Our methodology and the results of our analysis can inform local policy makers in their assessment and prioritization of health care infrastructure. This is particularly relevant to tackle health care accessibility inequality, which is not only prominent within and between countries of sub-Saharan Africa but also, relative to the level of service provided by health care facilities.

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Masiira, Ben, Simon N. Antara, Herbert B. Kazoora, Olivia Namusisi, Notion T. Gombe, Alain N. Magazani, Patrick M. Nguku, et al. "Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (October 2020): e002874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874.

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Public health emergency (PHE) response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequate skilled public health workforce and underfunding. Since 2005, the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) has been supporting field epidemiology capacity development and innovative strategies are required to use this workforce. In 2018, AFENET launched a continental rapid response team: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives (ACoDD). ACoDD comprises field epidemiology graduates and residents and was established to support PHE response. Since 2018, AFENET has deployed the ACoDD to support response to several PHEs. The main challenges faced during ACoDD deployments were financing of operations, ACoDD safety and security, resistance to interventions and distrust of the responders by some communities. Our experience during these deployments showed that it was feasible to mobilise and deploy ACoDD within 48 hours. However, the sustainability of deployments will depend on establishing strong linkages with the employers of ACoDD members. PHEs are effectively controlled when there is a fast deployment and strong linkages between the stakeholders. There are ongoing efforts to strengthen PHE preparedness and response in sub-Saharan Africa. ACoDD members are a competent workforce that can effectively augment PHE response. ACoDD teams mentored front-line health workers and community health workers who are critical in PHE response. Public health emergence response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequacies in a skilled workforce and underfunding. ACoDD can be utilised to overcome the challenges of accessing a skilled public health workforce. To improve health security in sub-Saharan Africa, more financing of PHE response is needed.

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Kabakama, Severin, Eveline T. Konje, Jerome Nyhalah Dinga, Colman Kishamawe, Imran Morhason-Bello, Peter Hayombe, Olufela Adeyemi, et al. "Commentary on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070130.

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Rates of vaccination against COVID-19 remain lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other low and middle-income regions. This is, in part, attributed to vaccine hesitancy, mainly due to misinformation about vaccine origin, efficacy and safety. From August to December 2021, we gathered the latest experiences and opinions on four vaccine hesitancy-related areas (policies, perceived risk religious beliefs, and misinformation) from 12 sub-Saharan African researchers, four of whom have published about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The authors included two political and business experts, six public health specialists, five epidemiologists, and four biostatisticians from ten sub-Saharan African countries( Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). The authors’ overarching opinions were that political influences, religious beliefs and low perceived risk exists in sub-Saharan Africa, and they collectively contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Communication strategies should target populations initially thought by policy makers to be at low risk, use multiple communication avenues and address major concerns in the population.

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Allen, Summer L., and John Ulimwengu. "Agricultural Productivity, Health and Public Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Development Research 27, no. 3 (July 2015): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.38.

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12

Al-Bader, Sara, Hassan Masum, Ken Simiyu, Abdallah S. Daar, and Peter A. Singer. "Science-based health innovation in sub-Saharan Africa." BMC International Health and Human Rights 10, Suppl 1 (2010): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-698x-10-s1-s1.

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13

Stanback, John, and Elizabeth Raymond. "Hormonal Pregnancy Tests in Sub-Saharan Africa." American Journal of Public Health 91, no. 10 (October 2001): 1614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.91.10.1614.

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14

Blackstone, Sarah R., Ucheoma Nwaozuru, and Juliet Iwelunmor. "Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 37, no. 2 (January 2017): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x16685254.

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The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding factors influencing contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa between 2005 and 2015. A total of 58 studies from twelve Sub-Saharan African countries were reviewed. Keywords were grouped using the PEN-3 cultural model. Negative factors prohibiting or reducing contraceptive use were women’s misconceptions of contraceptive side–effects, male partner disapproval, and social/cultural norms surrounding fertility. Positive factors included education, employment, and communication with male partner. Increasing modern contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa is a multi-faceted problem that will require community and systems wide interventions that aim to counteract negative perceptions and misinformation.

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Segal, I., R. Ally, and H. Mitchell. "Gastric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 10, no. 6 (December 2001): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200112000-00001.

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16

Poku, Benjamin, and Jean-Leopold Kabambi. "Globalization and Public Health in Rural Zones: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Global Awareness 2, Fall/Winter (December 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24073/jga/2/02/04.

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Distant rural regions of Sub-Saharan Africa are often coveted by foreign investing companies for their natural resources. However, the rural populations do not always take advantage of the economic benefits resulting from those investing activities. These increasing activities do not leave without harming the health of rural communities as they rely on community-based traditional and ancestral practices such as fishing and hunting, traditional medicine, spiritual ceremonies, among others, to survive. We aimed to analyze selected indicators of public health in rural zones highly impacted by globalization factors using existing database and literature research. Given the complexity of the situation, efforts and strategies to mitigate the negative effect of globalization on the health of rural communities must include not only urgent and binding commitment of all stakeholders but also a multi-sectorial long-term approach to increase the health of rural Sub-Saharan African populations while taking advantages of local know-how.

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Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina, Benjamin M. Kagina, and Jill Olivier. "Health systems constraints and facilitators of human papillomavirus immunization programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 6 (May 3, 2020): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa017.

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Abstract Given the vast investments made in national immunization programmes (NIPs) and the significance of NIPs to public health, it is important to understand what influences the optimal performance of NIPs. It has been established that well-performing NIPs require enabling health systems. However, systematic evidence on how the performance of health systems impacts on NIPs is lacking, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a qualitative systematic review to synthesize the available evidence on health systems constraints and facilitators of NIPs in sub-Saharan Africa, using human papillomavirus immunization programmes as a proxy. Fifty-four articles published between 2008 and 2018 were found to be eligible. Data extraction was guided by an analytical model on the interface between NIPs and health systems. A cross-cutting thematic analysis of the extracted data was performed. This systematic review provides evidence necessary for informing ongoing health systems strengthening initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa. There is evidence to suggest that NIPs in sub-Saharan Africa have surmounted significant health systems constraints and have achieved notable public health success. This success can be attributed to strong political endorsement for vaccines, clear governance structures and effective collaboration with global partners. Despite this, significant health systems constraints persist in service delivery, vaccine communication, community engagement, the capacity of the health workforce and sustainable financing. These constraints could derail further progress if not addressed through health systems strengthening efforts. There is a need to expand the research agenda to include the comprehensive evaluation of health systems constraints and facilitators of NIPs within sub-Saharan Africa.

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18

Peters, P. E. "HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203762869278.

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Zebaze, R. M. D. "HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203765371358.

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Middleberg, Maurice I., Julie Becker, and Peter Twyman. "HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203767869200.

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21

Ricci, Cristian, Hannah Asare, Janet Carboo, Cornelia Conradie, Robin Claire Dolman, and Martani Lombard. "Determinants of undernutrition prevalence in children aged 0–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. A report from the World Bank database." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 09 (December 11, 2018): 1597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003415.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine undernutrition prevalence in 0–59-month-old children and its determinants during the period 2000–2015 in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignEcological study of time series prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa assessed from 2000 to 2015.SettingUnderweight and stunting prevalence from the World Bank database (2000–2015) were analysed. Mixed models were used to estimate prevalence of underweight and stunting. Country-specific undernutrition prevalence variation was estimated and region comparisons were performed. A meta-regression model considering health and socio-economic characteristics at country level was used to explore and estimate the contribution of different undernutrition determinants.ParticipantsCountries of sub-Saharan Africa.ResultsDuring 2000–2015, underweight prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa was heterogeneous, ranging between 7 and 40 %. On the other hand, stunting prevalence ranged between 20 and 60 %. In general, higher rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Niger (40 %) and Burundi (58 %), respectively; while lowest rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Swaziland (7 %) and Gabon (21 %). About 1 % undernutrition prevalence reduction per year was estimated across sub-Saharan Africa, which was not statistically significant for all countries. Health and socio-economic determinants were identified as main determinants of underweight and stunting prevalence variability in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsUndernutrition represents a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa and its prevalence reduction during the period 2000–2015 was inconsistent. Improving water accessibility and number of medical doctors along with reducing HIV prevalence and poverty could significantly reduce undernutrition prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa

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Dorsainvil, Merlyn. "Cholera: Still a Major Public Health Issue in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 32, no. 4 (2021): 1734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2021.0162.

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Murewanhema, Grant, and Tafadzwa Dzinamarira. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Responses in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084448.

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The World Health Organisation declared the ongoing COVID-19 global health challenge a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, countries across the globe have implemented different public health control strategies—including global vaccination programs—in attempts to mitigate the further transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. However, to date, the virus has continued to spread rapidly despite these interventions. Countries across sub-Saharan Africa have implemented variable control strategies to combat the pandemic; however, despite the continent being among the least affected in terms of direct case burden, morbidity, and mortality, it has experienced marked socioeconomic disruption. Therefore, economic resuscitation is an urgent priority. The continent is vastly underrepresented in the body of scientific evidence due to limited research resources, testing capacity and genomic surveillance leading to empirical responses or responses guided by evidence from elsewhere. To inform the ongoing pandemic, and to prepare for the future, this Special Issue calls for manuscripts on global COVID-19 responses, and encourages researchers and stakeholders from resource-limited settings, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa, to share their COVID-19 public health responses. Areas to be covered include, but are not limited to, surveillance, case management, infection prevention and control, risk communication and community engagement, logistics, laboratory, ports of entry, and co-ordination. Manuscripts including primary research, viewpoints/perspectives, and comprehensive literature reviews are all welcome.

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Flinders, P., M. Alexander, and J. V. Patel. "Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: an economic and public health emergency." International Journal of Clinical Practice 67, no. 11 (October 24, 2013): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12256.

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Perico, Norberto, and Giuseppe Remuzzi. "Chronic kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a public health priority." Lancet Global Health 2, no. 3 (March 2014): e124-e125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70014-2.

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Azemar, C., and R. Desbordes. "Public Governance, Health and Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Economies 18, no. 4 (January 16, 2009): 667–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejn028.

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Chippaux, J.-P. "Management of Snakebites in Sub-Saharan Africa." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 25, no. 3 (July 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2015.0473.

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Aremu, Taiwo Opeyemi, Chinar Singhal, Oluwafemi Augustine Ajibola, Emmanuel Agyin-Frimpong, Akua Asantewaa Appiah-Num Safo, Maduabuchi Romanus Ihekoronye, Stella Esther Nabirye, and Olihe Nnenna Okoro. "Assessing Public Awareness of the Malaria Vaccine in Sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090215.

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Background: Malaria infection remains one of the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Over the years, several measures have been implemented for the prevention of malaria, including vector control with insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and seasonal or traveling prophylactics. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved the use of the malaria vaccine in children. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in three sub-Saharan African countries—Uganda, Ghana, and Nigeria—to assess public awareness of the malaria vaccine among the residents of these countries. Method: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between time January 2022 and April 2022 using Qualtrics® software (Version number: April 2022; Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA). A total of 3896 responses were analyzed using SAS OnDemand for Academics software. Linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between the demographic characteristics and awareness of the malaria vaccine, using a level of significance (alpha) of 0.05. Result: Overall, there was significant association between the level of education and public awareness of the malaria vaccine in each of the countries studied. Gender and place of residence were associated with awareness in Nigeria and Uganda, while younger respondents were more likely to be aware of the malaria vaccine in Ghana. Conclusion: Given the negative impact of lack of awareness and knowledge, misinformation and conspiracy theories on immunization programs, public health campaigns preceding the population-wide roll-out of the novel malaria vaccine should target the less-educated, and those residing in more rural areas, while assuring equitable access to the malaria vaccine across sub-Saharan Africa.

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Assah, Felix K., and Jean-Claude Mbanya. "Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa – Overview of a Looming Health Challenge." US Endocrinology 05, no. 01 (2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2009.05.1.13.

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The number of people living with diabetes in the world is increasing rapidly. Most of the increase will occur in developing countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes is currently recognised as a real and imminent threat to social and economic development globally and is set to be a major public health challenge in the 21st century. In sub-Saharan Africa, the challenge posed by diabetes is even more overwhelming since diabetes will have to share scarce resources with infections and malnutrition. Even worse, diabetes still has to gain sufficient political and social recognition in order to warrant aggressive national policies for prevention and treatment. In this article we present an overview of the burden of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa and the specificities of care and control, and highlight the importance of developing effective national diabetes programmes.

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Assah, Felix K., and Jean-Claude Mbanya. "Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa – Overview of a Looming Health Challenge." European Endocrinology 05 (2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2009.05.00.13.

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The number of people living with diabetes in the world is increasing rapidly. Most of the increase will occur in developing countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes is currently recognised as a real and imminent threat to social and economic development globally and is set to be a major public health challenge in the 21st century. In sub-Saharan Africa, the challenge posed by diabetes is even more overwhelming since diabetes will have to share scarce resources with infections and malnutrition. Even worse, diabetes still has to gain sufficient political and social recognition in order to warrant aggressive national policies for prevention and treatment. In this article we present an overview of the burden of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa and the specificities of care and control, and highlight the importance of developing effective national diabetes programmes.

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Livinec, Bertrand, and Jean-Loup Rey. "Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa: back to basics." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 22, no. 4 (October 2012): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2013.0132.

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Lepère, P., B. Tchounga, and D. K. Ekouevi. "Digital Health in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: Catching Up!" Médecine et Santé Tropicales 27, no. 4 (October 2017): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2017.0724.

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Wamala, Sarah, and Ichiro Kawachi. "Editorial: Globalisation and women’s health in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38, no. 4_suppl (March 2010): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494809348940.

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Keeton, Claire. "HIV drives children’s pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.010508.

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Giles, Wayne H. "Preventing non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa." Global Health Promotion 17, no. 2_suppl (June 2010): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975910363946.

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Gisselquist, David, Richard Rothenberg, John Potterat, and Ernest Drucker. "HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa not explained by sexual or vertical transmission." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760326390.

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An expanding body of evidence challenges the conventional hypothesis that sexual transmission is responsible for more than 90% of adult HIV infections in Africa. Differences in epidemic trajectories across Africa do not correspond to differences in sexual behaviour. Studies among African couples find low rates of heterosexual transmission, as in developed countries. Many studies report HIV infections in African adults with no sexual exposure to HIV and in children with HIV-negative mothers. Unexplained high rates of HIV incidence have been observed in African women during antenatal and postpartum periods. Many studies show 20%–40% of HIV infections in African adults associated with injections (though direction of causation is unknown). These and other findings that challenge the conventional hypothesis point to the possibility that HIV transmission through unsafe medical care may be an important factor in Africa's HIV epidemic. More research is warranted to clarify risks for HIV transmission through health care.

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Walker, Alexander RP, and Fatima I. Adam. "Breast-feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: outlook for 2000." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 3 (September 2000): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000000032x.

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AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed that 1.5 million infants die annually, unnecessarily, from deprival or from insufficiency of breast milk. Hence, the need for its maximal use, very particularly in impoverished populations, such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. In many developed populations, a generation ago the practice was very low, but now it has risen considerably. In contrast, in Africa and in most developing populations, despite the far greater need for breast-feeding, the practice is tending to decrease, especially among urban mothers. While the most common reasons given concern insufficiency of breast milk and employment of mothers, the latter, especially urban mothers, are under strong and increasing pressure to use proprietary replacement foods. These are often made up unsatisfactorily and are contaminated. Also influential are the often less than enthusiastic, and confusing, attitudes of staff at clinics and hospitals, albeit, due in part to their very heavy workloads. Additionally, there is societyp's relatively indifferent attitude to breast-feeding. Currently, a hugely adverse factor is the danger of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transference from seropositive mothers to their infants – in some African countries almost half of antenatal mothers are infected. Chances of early control of the infection are remote. However, apart from this danger, and from the pressure from replacement food companies, the outlook for breast-feeding practice in many African countries is unlikely to improve significantly until greater encouragement is given from State, local and other health authorities.

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Oluwasegun Ayenigbara, Israel. "The urgent need for the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of applied health sciences 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24141/1/5/2/5.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that came into existence decades back; it spread across the African countries in the late 1970s, and is currently endemic across the world. HIV is a major public health problem all over the world, as it has claimed more than 35million lives. There were around 36.9 million individuals living with HIV at the end of 2017, and Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected by HIV infection with 1 in 25 adults (4.1%) living with the virus, accounting for 70% of the people living with HIV worldwide. Unfortunately, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the continent with the highest cases of infections and deaths from HIV/AIDS even after the implementation of various HIV/AIDS prevention methods. Fortunately, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers the world a novel way of curtailing the HIV/AIDS epidemic, as PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV if it is used as prescribed. This paper discusses the urgent need for the use of PrEP in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a review paper in which the meaning of PrEP was discussed, people who need PrEP were identified, the rationale for the use of PrEP for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa were highlighted, and probable obstacles to the successful implementation of PrEP for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa were also identified. It was concluded that to achieve the 90-90-90 goals set by UNAIDS to help end the AIDS epidemic in the world, PrEP offers a new and novel way for HIV prevention, and its implementation across all African countries is urgently needed for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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George, Cindy, Suzaan Stoker, Ikechi Okpechi, Mark Woodward, and Andre Kengne. "The Chronic Kidney Disease in Africa (CKD-Africa) collaboration: lessons from a new pan-African network." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006454.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, seemingly affecting individuals from low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the growing evidence pointing to an increasing prevalence of CKD across Africa, there has not been an Africa-wide concerted effort to provide reliable estimates that could adequately inform health services planning and policy development to address the consequences of CKD. Therefore, we established the CKD in Africa (CKD-Africa) Collaboration. To date, the network has curated data from 39 studies conducted in 12 African countries, totalling 35 747 participants, of which most are from sub-Saharan Africa. We are, however, continuously seeking further collaborations with other groups who have suitable data to grow the network. Although many successful research consortia exist, few papers have been published (with none from Africa) detailing the challenges faced and lessons learnt in setting up and managing a research consortium. Drawing on our experience, we describe the steps taken and the key factors required to establish a functional collaborative consortium among researchers in Africa. In addition, we present the challenges we encountered in building our network, how we managed those challenges and the benefit of such a collaboration for Africa. Although the CKD-Africa Collaboration is focused primarily on CKD research, many of the lessons learnt can be applied more widely in public health research in LMICs.

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Sambala, Evanson Zondani. "Lessons of Pandemic Influenza From Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 17, no. 1 (2011): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181f8796f.

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Munung, Nchangwi Syntia, Primus Che Chi, Akin Abayomi, Muhammed O. Afolabi, Jennyfer Ambe, Korlia Bonarwolo, Francis Kombe Kajoleh, et al. "Perspectives of different stakeholders on data use and management in public health emergencies in sub-Saharan Africa: a meeting report." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 25, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16494.1.

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During public health emergencies (PHEs), data are collected and generated from a variety of activities and sources, including but not limited to national public health programs, research and community-based activities. It is critical that these data are rapidly shared in order to facilitate the public health response, epidemic preparedness, as well research during and after the epidemic. Nonetheless, collecting and sharing data during PHEs can be challenging, especially where there are limited resources for public health and research-related activities during a PHE. In a symposium that brought together different stakeholders that were involved in the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, meeting attendees shared their perspectives on the values and management of data during PHEs in sub-Saharan Africa. Key factors that could inform and facilitate data management during PHEs in sub-Saharan Africa were discussed, including using data to inform policy decisions and healthcare; a coordinated data collection and management scheme; identifying incentives for data sharing; and equitable data governance mechanism that emphasise principles of reciprocity, transparency and accountability rather that trust between stakeholders or collaborators. Empirical studies are required to explore how these principles could inform best practices for data management and governance during PHE in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Munung, Nchangwi Syntia, Primus Che Chi, Akin Abayomi, Muhammed O. Afolabi, Jennyfer Ambe, Korlia Bonarwolo, Kabba Yusuf, et al. "Perspectives of different stakeholders on data use and management in public health emergencies in sub-Saharan Africa: a meeting report." Wellcome Open Research 6 (March 23, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16494.2.

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During public health emergencies (PHEs), data are collected and generated from a variety of activities and sources, including but not limited to national public health programs, research and community-based activities. It is critical that these data are rapidly shared in order to facilitate the public health response, epidemic preparedness, as well as research during and after the epidemic. Nonetheless, collecting and sharing data during PHEs can be challenging, especially where there are limited resources for public health and research-related activities. In a symposium that brought together different stakeholders that were involved in the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, meeting attendees shared their perspectives on the values and management of data during PHEs in sub-Saharan Africa. Key factors that could inform and facilitate data management during PHEs in sub-Saharan Africa were discussed, including using data to inform policy decisions and healthcare; a coordinated data collection and management scheme; identifying incentives for data sharing; and equitable data governance mechanism that emphasise principles of reciprocity, transparency and accountability rather that trust between stakeholders or collaborators. Empirical studies are required to explore how these principles could inform best practices for data management and governance during PHE in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Baobeid, Anwaar, Tara Faghani-Hamadani, Sara Sauer, Yap Boum, Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier, Nicholas Neufeld, Jackline Odhiambo, et al. "Gender equity in health research publishing in Africa." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 7 (July 2022): e008821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008821.

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IntroductionWomen researchers find it more difficult to publish in academic journals than men, an inequity that affects women’s careers and was exacerbated during the pandemic, particularly for women in low-income and middle-income countries. We measured publishing by sub-Saharan African (SSA) women in prestigious authorship positions (first or last author, or single author) during the time frame 2014–2016. We also examined policies and practices at journals publishing high rates of women scientists from sub-Saharan Africa, to identify potential structural enablers affecting these women in publishing.MethodsThe study used Namsor V.2, an application programming interface, to conduct a secondary analysis of a bibliometric database. We also analysed policies and practices of ten journals with the highest number of SSA women publishing in first authorship positions.ResultsBased on regional analyses, the greatest magnitude of authorship inequity is in papers from sub-Saharan Africa, where men comprised 61% of first authors, 65% of last authors and 66% of single authors. Women from South Africa and Nigeria had greater success in publishing than those from other SSA countries, though women represented at least 20% of last authors in 25 SSA countries. The journals that published the most SSA women as prominent authors are journals based in SSA. Journals with overwhelmingly male leadership are also among those publishing the highest number of SSA women.ConclusionWomen scholars in SSA face substantial gender inequities in publishing in prestigious authorship positions in academic journals, though there is a cadre of women research leaders across the region. Journals in SSA are important for local women scholars and the inequities SSA women researchers face are not necessarily attributable to gender discrepancy in journals’ editorial leadership.

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Mwangi, Reuben, and Ellen Armbruster. "Identification of Suicidal Ideation and Support for Families in Sub-Saharan Africa." Pan-African Journal of Health and Environmental Science 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56893/ajhes.2022-v1i2.227.

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Over 77% of global suicides related to life stress in 2019 occurred in low-income and middle-income countries. However, few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on mental health and suicidal behaviors. Less than 10% of African countries have reported suicide rates (WHO, 2021). This article intends to raise awareness of the current global problem of suicide, especially in Africa, and its impact on families in Africa. This includes the pervasive nature of suicidal behavior and how it has been addressed in various parts of Africa. This research established that multiple studies from outside Africa, including high-income countries, address suicide symptoms and treatment. However, discussing this topic within an African cultural context is necessary. Psychoeducation and innovations such as telepsychiatry increase public awareness and access to services, and are essential aspects of addressing the problem of suicide in Africa. Family support, suicide prevention strategies, and psychotherapeutic interventions may also provide critical assistance before and during crises. This research highlights a traditionally taboo subject in sub-Saharan Africa, attempts to destigmatize it, and includes care, recommendations, and family coping skills.

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Connor, Myles Dean, Margaret Thorogood, Girish Modi, and Charles P. Warlow. "The Burden of Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33, no. 2 (August 2007): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.006.

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Manhart, Lisa E., and R. Scott McClelland. "Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 40, no. 5 (May 2013): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e3182924b3b.

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Behrens, R. H. "Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, no. 3 (May 1994): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90127-9.

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Walker, R. "Hypertension and stroke in sub-saharan Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, no. 6 (November 1994): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90193-7.

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Alkhatib, Ahmad, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi, Brian Mujuni, Geofrey Amanya, and Charles Ibingira. "Preventing Multimorbidity with Lifestyle Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Challenge for Public Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 12449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312449.

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Objectives: Low and Middle-Income Countries are experiencing a fast-paced epidemiological rise in clusters of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, forming an imminent rise in multimorbidity. However, preventing multimorbidity has received little attention in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Methods: Narrative review which scoped the most recent evidence in LMICs about multimorbidity determinants and appropriated them for potential multimorbidity prevention strategies. Results: MMD in LMICs is affected by several determinants including increased age, female sex, environment, lower socio-economic status, obesity, and lifestyle behaviours, especially poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. Multimorbidity public health interventions in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa are currently impeded by local and regional economic disparity, underdeveloped healthcare systems, and concurrent prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle interventions that are targeted towards preventing highly prevalent multimorbidity clusters, especially hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, can provide early prevention of multimorbidity, especially within Sub-Saharan African countries with emerging economies and socio-economic disparity. Conclusion: Future public health initiatives should consider targeted lifestyle interventions and appropriate policies and guidelines in preventing multimorbidity in LMICs.

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Wudil, Abdulazeez Hudu, Muhammad Usman, Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka, Ladislav Pilař, and Mortala Boye. "Reversing Years for Global Food Security: A Review of the Food Security Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214836.

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All around the world, inequalities persist in the complex web of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at different human and institutional scales. There have been rapid and continuous improvements in agricultural productivity and better food security in many regions of the world during the past 50 years due to an expansion in crop area, irrigation, and supportive policy and institutional initiatives. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the situation is inverted. Statistics show that food insecurity has risen since 2015 in Sub-Saharan African countries, and the situation has worsened owing to the Ukraine conflict and the ongoing implications of the COVID-19 threat. This review looks into multidimensional challenges to achieving the SDG2 goal of “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture” in Sub-Saharan Africa and the prosper policy recommendations for action. Findings indicate that weak economic growth, gender inequality, high inflation, low crop productivity, low investment in irrigated agriculture and research, climate change, high population growth, poor policy frameworks, weak infrastructural development, and corruption are the major hurdles in the sustaining food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services together with implementing policies targeted at enhancing the households’ purchasing power, especially those in rural regions, appear to be essential drivers for improving both food availability and food access.

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